379:
78:. Between 2003 and 2005 approximately 400 zoological publications from the 1550s to 1770 were digitized while 10,000 linked zoological names were incorporated into the database. A second effort (2008–2011) has included additional digitized literature giving access to several ten thousand more zoological names that were extracted from the original sources and linked with their digitized original descriptions.
219:
of each originally established name with those contained in various zoological databases, specialized by discipline or region. The primarily scope of AnimalBase is to provide links to the digitized original descriptions, but it can also be consulted for correct spellings and authorships of zoological
189:
The type locality is provided as given in the original description if it is easily recognizable or can be inferred implicitly from the work. This procedure may be inaccurate (because the type locality is the locality where the name-bearing types came from, which are not researched by the AnimalBase
154:
Specific names are strictly entered in combination with the genus to which they were attributed in the original description. In cases where the generic name was spelled incorrectly by the author who established the specific name, the AnimalBase Team combines the specific name with the correct
38:
as a free resource for the public. AnimalBase contributed to opening up the classical taxonomic literature, which is considered as useful because access to early literature (especially for the late 18th century) can be difficult for researchers who need the old sources for their
185:
The page of the original description of the taxon name is provided (which is the page where the name was first mentioned and made available). If the described animal is shown on figure plates and without a name mentioned on the plates, this is not necessarily
223:
AnimalBase also provides the option to combine the original names with their current allocations (current genus-species combinations). For example, detailed biological information and pictures are available for 2,500 species of
European non-marine
200:
Entries are cross-checked with Index
Animalium and (in case of genera) with Nomenclator Zoologicus. Incorrect entries (subsequent uses of previously established names, which Sherborn often listed incorrectly as new or
208:
Incorrect subsequent spellings are not generally considered as new taxa, but may be listed as not available and discussed if the name was mentioned as a new name in the Index
Animalium or is otherwise important.
146:
Specific and generic names of taxa are entered manually with reference to the original description. A basic entry of a taxon name follows the AnimalBase standard, which is composed of the following guidelines:
114:
Zoological names of generic and specific taxa that were established in early zoological publications have been entered manually into the database, including original and corrected spellings of names,
94:(Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, SUB), which is one of Germany's largest libraries, including over 4.5 million volumes. If available, AnimalBase also provides links to the digitized
506:
162:, ligations, upper-case letters for specific names, hyphens, spaces between words, incorrect subsequent spellings of the generic name in a genus-species combination used by the author.
228:, which includes more than 6,000 photographs. AnimalBase is a collaborative and open resource project; all registered collaborators are able to correct or enter data. This includes
460:
531:
70:(DFG). The database and its web interface began development in 2004 and was launched online in 2005. The web interface was designed to be accessible to older generations of
671:
536:
138:
or incorrect spellings) have occasionally been discussed in the comments provided for each taxon. The entire process has followed the established AnimalBase standard.
179:
grammar rules). It is often difficult to determine whether a Latin name is an adjective or not, so resulting AnimalBase entries of this data may not be 100% reliable.
158:
Contingently incorrect original spellings of the taxon name (i.e. being different from the correct spelling) are entered in addition, retaining the original use of
511:
338:
215:
The AnimalBase standard allows for easy access to the primary data of the original description. The AnimalBase team does not align the spellings or
582:
491:
428:
118:
and page numbers where these names were originally established in the publications. Furthermore, the names have been compared to the entries in
770:
526:
521:
516:
368:
131:
723:
577:
151:
The correct original spelling of the generic and specific name is checked according to the nomenclatural rules (ICZN Code, current edition).
86:
Early zoological publications are digitized under the highest quality standards by the Center for
Retrospective Digitization in Göttingen (
557:
702:
552:
91:
50:. The public use of AnimalBase data is not restricted or conditioned. AnimalBase covers all zoological disciplines. In the field of
331:
666:
572:
414:
470:
165:
The name of the author is provided, spelled according to the name given on the title page of the original source (examples:
276:
AnimalBase
Project Group, 2005-2010. AnimalBase. Early zoological literature online. World wide web electronic publication
244:, etc. The pictures and data provided by AnimalBase are expressly permitted for use on other websites (copied or linked).
211:
All animal groups are treated consistently by following the ICZN rules (fish names follow the same rules as insect names).
134:(ICZN). Possible discrepancies between older databases and the findings from AnimalBase name research (i.e. nomenclatural
87:
765:
324:
775:
306:
790:
130:
by Neave (1939/1940, updated). The nomenclatural status of names has been verified under the current edition of the
475:
172:
The year or date of publication is provided, as determined by the nomenclatural rules (true date of publication).
58:
and their digitized original descriptions, with a special focus on literature and names published prior to 1800.
26:, Germany. The goal of the AnimalBase project is to digitize early zoological literature, provide copyright-free
780:
641:
567:
99:
744:
205:) and incorrect spellings of names in these databases are not copied into AnimalBase, if detected as such.
646:
623:
220:
names. In this regard, AnimalBase may potentially provide a useful update of
Sherborn's Index Animalium.
175:
The gender treatment is provided (changeable or unchangeable specific names, according to post-classical
795:
501:
67:
347:
23:
496:
40:
739:
260:
51:
27:
465:
449:
119:
618:
562:
785:
686:
363:
127:
656:
455:
135:
718:
300:
237:
661:
8:
681:
241:
236:) of animal species, biological data including measurements and diagnostic characters,
194:
713:
81:
676:
307:
https://web.archive.org/web/20121126194823/http://uio.mbl.edu/NomenclatorZoologicus/
182:
A link to the digitized publication containing the original description is provided.
613:
54:
AnimalBase is unique in providing links between the names of generic and specific
123:
30:
to zoological works, and provide manually verified lists of names of zoological
608:
233:
115:
759:
651:
587:
166:
95:
47:
378:
316:
277:
202:
75:
229:
159:
507:
Max Planck
Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity
311:
225:
82:
Digitization and linking to digitized literature from other sources
71:
109:
103:
35:
461:
Center for
European Governance and Economic Development Research
216:
532:
International Max Planck
Research School for Molecular Biology
22:
is a project brought to life in 2004 and is maintained by the
176:
55:
31:
294:
672:
Göttingen
Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages
537:
International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences
301:
http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/indexanimalium/
66:
The project was initiated in 2003 with funding from the
512:
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization
197:
is provided (phylum, class, order or likewise clade).
190:team), but certainly provides useful information.
757:
527:Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
522:Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine
517:Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
193:The higher animal group in which the taxon is
110:Extracting taxonomic names from the literature
402:Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology
332:
132:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
583:Old Botanical Garden of Göttingen University
492:Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
408:Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science
346:
724:Akademische Orchestervereinigung Göttingen
578:New Botanic Garden of Göttingen University
339:
325:
312:Digitization Center of the SUB Göttingen
98:content of other providers, such as the
667:Goettingen Journal of International Law
573:Forestry Botanical Garden and Arboretum
278:http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de
263:Netwatch: taxonomy, the early years. –
758:
703:List of University of Göttingen people
553:Göttingen State and University Library
141:
92:Göttingen State and University Library
771:Discipline-oriented digital libraries
471:Center for Retrospective Digitization
320:
16:German digitizer of zoological works
405:Faculty of Geoscience and Geography
13:
14:
807:
396:Faculty of Biology and Psychology
287:
88:Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum
393:Faculty of Agricultural Sciences
377:
710:University of Göttingen faculty
476:Johann Sebastian Bach Institute
707:University of Göttingen alumni
270:
254:
1:
247:
100:Biodiversity Heritage Library
422:Faculty of Economic Sciences
7:
647:History of religions school
642:Göttingen school of history
624:Encyclopedia of Fairy Tales
10:
812:
502:Dieterich Publishing House
497:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
419:Faculty of Social Sciences
126:(1902, 1922–1933) and the
68:German Research Foundation
61:
776:Online taxonomy databases
745:Corps Hannovera Göttingen
732:
695:
632:
596:
545:
484:
440:
386:
375:
356:
295:http://www.animalbase.org
791:German digital libraries
740:Burschenschaft Hannovera
568:Sammlung für Völkerkunde
546:Holdings and collections
52:biodiversity informatics
766:University of Göttingen
597:Major academic projects
450:German Aerospace Center
349:University of Göttingen
305:Nomenclator Zoologicus
155:spelling of that genus.
120:Charles Davies Sherborn
24:University of Göttingen
687:Kaiser Wilhelm Society
280:accessed 30 July 2010.
128:Nomenclator Zoologicus
781:World Digital Library
466:Göttingen Observatory
456:German Primate Center
441:Recognized institutes
425:Faculty of Humanities
733:Student associations
682:The Göttingen Circle
633:Affiliated movements
619:Deutsches Wörterbuch
563:Göttingen manuscript
485:Partner institutions
399:Faculty of Chemistry
46:AnimalBase data are
657:Göttingen Manifesto
429:Faculty of Theology
242:conservation status
238:distributional data
142:AnimalBase standard
719:Göttingen Eighteen
411:Faculty of Physics
169:1758, Linné 1766).
41:taxonomic research
796:Mass digitization
753:
752:
696:Affiliated people
677:Zentralblatt MATH
662:Göttingen minipig
803:
635:and developments
614:New Bach Edition
381:
350:
341:
334:
327:
318:
317:
299:Index Animalium
281:
274:
268:
261:Holden, C. 2007.
258:
811:
810:
806:
805:
804:
802:
801:
800:
756:
755:
754:
749:
728:
714:Göttingen Seven
691:
634:
628:
592:
541:
480:
442:
436:
382:
373:
352:
348:
345:
290:
285:
284:
275:
271:
259:
255:
250:
144:
124:Index Animalium
116:type localities
112:
84:
64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
809:
799:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
751:
750:
748:
747:
742:
736:
734:
730:
729:
727:
726:
721:
716:
711:
708:
705:
699:
697:
693:
692:
690:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
638:
636:
630:
629:
627:
626:
621:
616:
611:
609:Germania Sacra
606:
600:
598:
594:
593:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
558:Paulinerkirche
555:
549:
547:
543:
542:
540:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
488:
486:
482:
481:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
446:
444:
438:
437:
435:
434:
433:Medical Center
431:
426:
423:
420:
417:
415:Faculty of Law
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
390:
388:
384:
383:
376:
374:
372:
371:
366:
360:
358:
354:
353:
344:
343:
336:
329:
321:
315:
314:
309:
303:
297:
289:
288:External links
286:
283:
282:
269:
252:
251:
249:
246:
240:, the current
234:copyright-free
213:
212:
209:
206:
198:
191:
187:
183:
180:
173:
170:
163:
156:
152:
143:
140:
111:
108:
90:, GDZ) of the
83:
80:
63:
60:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
808:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
786:Public domain
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
761:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
735:
731:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
698:
694:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
652:Ritschlianism
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
637:
631:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
599:
595:
589:
588:Theater im OP
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
548:
544:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
487:
483:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
451:
448:
447:
445:
439:
432:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
391:
389:
385:
380:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
359:
355:
351:
342:
337:
335:
330:
328:
323:
322:
319:
313:
310:
308:
304:
302:
298:
296:
292:
291:
279:
273:
267:315: p. 1643.
266:
262:
257:
253:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
221:
218:
210:
207:
204:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
171:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
150:
149:
148:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
107:
105:
101:
97:
96:public domain
93:
89:
79:
77:
73:
69:
59:
57:
53:
49:
48:public domain
44:
42:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
603:
272:
264:
256:
222:
214:
145:
113:
85:
76:web browsers
65:
45:
19:
18:
443:and centers
369:Metin Tolan
293:AnimalBase
203:nomina nuda
28:open access
760:Categories
604:AnimalBase
357:Leadership
248:References
232:pictures (
217:authorship
195:classified
186:indicated.
160:diacritics
20:AnimalBase
387:Faculties
364:President
230:uploading
102:(BHL) or
72:computers
226:molluscs
136:priority
265:Science
167:Linnæus
104:Gallica
62:History
36:species
32:genera
452:(DLR)
177:Latin
74:and
56:taxa
34:and
122:'s
762::
106:.
43:.
340:e
333:t
326:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.