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389:. Ulrich had lived in Russia since 1733 so that he and his bride could get to know each other better. He was able to do so because he was a younger son, and it was improbable that he would be called upon to shoulder the responsibility of ruling his father's principality. Both circumstances clearly indicate that Empress Anna intended her niece to inherit her throne, and was laying the ground for that by selecting a husband of suitable birth and situation and by observing him at close quarters for several years before the marriage was celebrated.
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572:. The eldest of them had been only months old when she and her family had been placed in prison. The other three had been born in captivity. They were, therefore, not used to social life, and even after they had gained their freedom, they made little or no contact with people outside their own small "court" of some forty to fifty people, all of whom Danish except for the priest. None of them ever married or left progeny.
430:, she ordered an investigation of the garment industry when new uniforms received by the military were found to be of inferior quality. When the investigation revealed inhumane conditions, she issued decrees mandating a minimum wage and maximum working hours in that industry, as well as the establishment of medical facilities at every garment factory. She also presided over a brilliant victory by Russian forces at the
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354:, died unwed, and his dynasty died with him. The Russian privy council debated about whom to invite to the throne, and Elisabeth's mother, Catherine, was one of the candidates who was considered. However, she was passed over for several reasons, and the throne was offered to her younger sister, Anna Ivanovna, who became known to history as Empress
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Troyat described Anna as an "indolent day-dreamer" who spent her mornings reading novels in bed, got up only in the afternoon, liked to wander around her apartment when she was barely dressed and had her hair undone and was principally interested in reading novels. Anna's preference for handing out
338:
Elisabeth's mother, Catherine, was the third wife of Duke Karl
Leopold, who had divorced his first two wives after very short marriages (less than two years each). Catherine was the only wife ever to bear him a living child, and Elisabeth was the only child. In 1721, when Elisabeth was three years
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and her lady-in-waiting, Mengden. Anna's husband did his best to ignore the affairs. After becoming regent, Anton was marginalised by being forced to sleep in another palace, and Anna took Lynar, Mengden or both to bed with her. At times, the grand duke would appear to complain about being
377:, and also to her father, Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Her conversion to the Orthodox faith made her acceptable as heiress to the throne, but she was never actually declared heiress by her aunt. In 1739, Anna Leopoldovna, as she was now known, was given in marriage to
468:
More damagingly, many in the
Russian elite believed that at the age of 22, Anna was too young and immature to be the regent of Russia and that her preoccupation with her relationships with Lynar and Mengden at the expense of governing Russia were making her a danger to the state.
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On 5 October 1740, Empress Anna adopted their newborn son, Ivan, and proclaimed him heir to the
Russian throne. On 28 October, just a few weeks after the proclamation, the empress died after she had left directions regarding the succession and appointing her
343:. By then, the marriage between her parents was in trouble, and in 1722, Catherine returned to the court of her uncle Peter the Great. She took her daughter with her, and Elisabeth, therefore, grew up in Russia with little or no contact with her father.
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At one point, Anna proposed to have Lynar marry
Mengden to unite the two people who were closest to her in the world together. The regent's relationship with Mengden caused much disgust in Russia, but the French historian
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Anna knew little of the character of the people with whom she had to deal, knew even less of the conventions and politics of
Russian government and speedily quarrelled with her principal supporters.
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Biron, however, had made himself an object of detestation to the
Russian people. After Biron threatened to exile Anna and her spouse to Germany, she had little difficulty working with Field Marshal
1621:
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on 19 March 1746, nine days after the birth of her son Alexei after more than four years in prison. Her family continued in prison for many years. A further 18 years were to pass before her son,
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wrote that amongst the many libertines of St. Petersburg, Anna's "sexual eclecticism" in having both a man and a woman as her lovers was seen as a sign of Anna's openmindedness.
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caused much resentment on the part of the ethnic
Russian nobility, which, for neither the first nor the last time, complained that a disproportionate number of
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on 16 July 1764, and her husband, Anthony Ulrich, died in
Kholmogory on 4 May 1774 after spending a further decade in prison. Her remaining four children (
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415:. Field Marshal Münnich personally arrested Biron in his apartment, where the formerly-tyrannical Biron ingloriously begged for his life on his knees.
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358:. Anna was a childless widow, and Elisabeth was Catherine's only child. Elisabeth's position at court was, therefore, an important one.
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The
Russian Empire in the Eighteenth Century: Tradition and Modernization from Peter to Catherine (The New Russian History)
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because of the pro-Austrian and pro-British policies of Anna's government. The French ambassador in St. Petersburg, the
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to overthrow him. The coup succeeded, and she assumed the regency on 8 November (O.S.) and took the title of
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Romanovs. The fourth film. Anna Ioannovna; Anna Leopoldovna; Elizabeth Petrovna
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for just over a year (1740–1741) during the minority of her infant son Emperor
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and was given the name Anna Leopoldovna, which was a compliment to her aunt,
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Anna Leopoldovna was born Elisabeth Katharina Christine, the daughter of
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The victorious regime first imprisoned the family in the fortress of
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in Finland after Sweden had declared war against her government.
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Burials at the Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra
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Elisabeth Katharina Christine von Mecklenburg-Schwerin
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1482:Terrible Tsarinas: Five Russian Women in Power
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596:Anna Leopoldovna had the following children:
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670:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
815:Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
457:"cuckolded", but he was always sent away.
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1448:, London: William Collins, pp. 67–68
731:Adolf Frederick I of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
690:Learn how and when to remove this message
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109:(1746-03-19)
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1577:1746 deaths
1572:1718 births
1490:Attribution
1346:Biographies
1329:Cowles 1971
1317:Troyat 2000
1305:Troyat 2000
1293:Troyat 2000
520:, and then
446: [
221: [
63:Predecessor
1566:Categories
1421:References
1412:, p.
1151:Tatischeva
526:Kholmogory
485:Later life
400:, Duke of
385:, Duke of
315:, Duke of
307:Early life
114:Kholmogory
83:1718-12-18
1381:25 August
1356:25 August
1276:Moss 2001
1257:Moss 2001
680:July 2014
651:does not
546:Ekaterina
514:Dünamünde
491:Elizabeth
395:favourite
341:stillborn
321:Catherine
302:Biography
1093:Saltykov
632:Ancestry
524:them to
402:Courland
348:Peter II
260:Lutheran
251:Religion
1556:YouTube
1545:. 1879.
1507::
1245:EB 1911
1222:EB 1878
672:removed
657:sources
601:Ivan VI
584:Ivan VI
566:Horsens
558:Jutland
538:Ivan VI
528:on the
516:, near
419:Regency
296:Ivan VI
272:Russian
90:Rostock
57:Ivan VI
53:Monarch
45:Regency
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576:Family
550:Alexei
522:exiled
503:Sweden
499:France
292:Russia
288:regent
258:prev.
241:Mother
231:Father
144:Spouse
128:Burial
1200:Notes
454:]
225:]
213:House
196:Names
155:Issue
1459:ISBN
1383:2019
1358:2019
1029:13.
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907:11.
849:10.
655:any
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518:Riga
501:and
104:Died
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