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of each ethmoid bone and are variable in both size and number. The cells are grouped into anterior, middle, and posterior groups; the groups differ in their drainage modalities, though all ultimately drain into either the
182:. Unlike the other three pairs of paranasal sinuses which consist of one or two large cavities, the ethmoidal sinuses entail a number of small air-filled cavities ("air cells"). The cells are located within the
458:
427:
Acute ethmoiditis in childhood and ethmoidal carcinoma may spread superiorly causing meningitis and cerebrospinal fluid leakage or it may spread laterally into the orbit causing
419:
A central Onodi air cell is a variation in which a posterior ethmoid cell lies superior to the sphenoid sinus in a midline position with at least one optic canal bulge.
142:
322:
207:
that represent invaginations of the mucous membrane of the nasal wall into the ethmoid bone. They are situated between the superior parts of the
557:
416:, so surgeons should be aware of their existence when performing surgery on the sphenoid sinus so as not to damage these important structures.
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The ethmoidal labyrinth is divided by multiple obliquely oriented, parallel lamellae. The first lamellae is equivalent to the
703:
533:
2332:
2257:
1859:
1743:
778:"Anatomy and Variations of Onodi Cells and Haller Cells: A HRCT Cum Clinical Analysis in Sinonasal Disease and Polyposis"
400:
Also known as a sphenoethmoidal air cell, an Onodi cell is a posterior ethmoidal air cell that lies superolateral to the
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Hechl, Peter S.; Setliff, Reuben C.; Tschabitscher, Manfred (1997). "The ethmoid bone and middle turbinate".
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are present at birth. At birth, 3-4 air cells are present, with the number increasing to 5-15 by adulthood.
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There are 5-15 air cells in either ethmoid bone in the adult, with a combined volume of 2-3mL.
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313:). It is one of the bony divisions of the ethmoid bone and is mostly contained inside the
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Illustrated
Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, page 64
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
408:. Onodi cells are clinically significant because they lie in close proximity to the
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Cherla, Deepa V.; Tomovic, Senja; Liu, James K.; Eloy, Jean
Anderson (2013).
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Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck
Surgery, Anniko, Springer, 2010, page 188
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528:. K. Bo Foreman, Kurt H. Albertine (2nd ed.). New York. p. 246.
298:, and the third is the basal lamella, and the fourth is equivalent to the
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while the posterior part attaches into the orbital lamina horizontally.
39:
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1992:
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721:"Infraorbital ethmoid (Haller's) cells: a panoramic radiographic study"
673:
Moore, K.L Et al(2014). Clinically
Oriented Anatomy. Baltimore: Page960
203:
The ethmoid air cells consist of numerous thin-walled cavities in the
155:
1150:
428:
835:"The central Onodi cell: A previously unreported anatomic variation"
642:
Cappello, Zachary J.; Minutello, Katrina; Dublin, Arthur B. (2023),
392:. These may arise from the anterior or posterior ethmoidal sinuses.
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1246:
452:
Ethmoid sinus. Ethmoidal air cells. Deep dissection. Superior view.
432:
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588:(6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 968.
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215:, and are separated from these cavities by thin bony lamellae.
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The anterior and posterior ethmoid cells are separated by the
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584:
Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2017).
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The ethmoidal air cells receive sensory innervation from the
87:
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782:
Indian
Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery
54:
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317:. The basal lamella is continuous medially with the bony
641:
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Ethmoid sinus cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes
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at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
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832:
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327:orbital lamina of ethmoid bone (lamina papyricea)
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776:Srinivas, C. V.; Kauser, Safina (October 2022).
644:"Anatomy, Head and Neck, Nose Paranasal Sinuses"
376:Haller cells are air cells situated beneath the
1533:in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
889:Human Anatomy, Jacobs, Elsevier, 2008, page 210
650:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
583:
775:
719:Raina, A; Guledgud, M V; Patil, K (May 2012).
325:; the middle part attaches obliquely into the
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345:nerve (which are ultimately derived from the
321:. Anteriorly, it vertically inserts into the
688:Endoscopic Anatomy of the Paranasal Sinuses
1984:
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556:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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388:, including air cells located within the
195:of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
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277:; sometimes, one or more opens into the
243:drain (directly or indirectly) into the
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480:This article incorporates text in the
27:Air-filled space near the nasal cavity
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384:and the most inferior portion of the
911:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
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2258:Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
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690:. Springer Vienna. pp. 9–28.
226:The ethmoidal cells (sinuses) and
59:Coronal section of nasal cavities.
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359:and the orbital branches of the
292:uncinate process of ethmoid bone
1038:Internal occipital protuberance
984:External occipital protuberance
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525:The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy
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294:, the second corresponds the
725:Dentomaxillofacial Radiology
198:
7:
1603:Posterior clinoid processes
1048:Groove for transverse sinus
696:10.1007/978-3-7091-6536-2_2
488:of the 20th edition of
404:, often extending into the
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233:
178:are one of the four paired
10:
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2333:Bones of the head and neck
794:10.1007/s12070-021-02828-x
586:Essential Clinical Anatomy
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1993:Anatomy of the human nose
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76:Posterior ethmoidal nerve
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1729:Anterior clinoid process
1724:Superior orbital fissure
1470:Internal auditory meatus
1316:Fossa for lacrimal gland
1043:Internal occipital crest
994:External occipital crest
909:Anatomy photo:33:st-0711
903:Anatomy figure: 33:04-07
406:anterior clinoid process
361:pterygopalatine ganglion
269:drain directly into the
258:drain directly into the
241:anterior ethmoidal cells
184:lateral mass (labyrinth)
150:Anatomical terms of bone
18:Anterior ethmoidal cells
2263:Salpingopharyngeal fold
1706:Sulcus of auditory tube
839:Allergy & Rhinology
414:internal carotid artery
355:trigeminal nerve (CN V)
347:ophthalmic branch (CN V
2150:Ethmoidal infundibulum
2135:Sphenoethmoidal recess
1620:Middle clinoid process
851:10.2500/ar.2013.4.0047
788:(Suppl 2): 1683–1689.
380:along the roof of the
275:sphenoethmoidal recess
256:middle ethmoidal cells
249:ethmoidal infundibulum
95:labyrinthi ethmoidales
93:cellulae ethmoidales,
2268:Salpingopalatine fold
2111:Inferior nasal concha
2101:Superior nasal concha
1897:Superior nasal concha
1377:Petrotympanic fissure
737:10.1259/dmfr/22999207
423:Clinical significance
300:superior nasal concha
271:superior nasal meatus
2096:Supreme nasal concha
1892:Supreme nasal concha
1524:Petrosquamous suture
1480:Stylomastoid foramen
1367:Suprameatal triangle
1259:Supraorbital foramen
390:ethmoid infundibulum
2343:Otorhinolaryngology
2106:Middle nasal concha
1907:Middle nasal concha
1860:Perpendicular plate
1701:Infratemporal crest
1242:Superciliary arches
1120:Pharyngeal tubercle
343:posterior ethmoidal
319:middle nasal concha
309:(also known as the
260:middle nasal meatus
245:middle nasal meatus
205:ethmoidal labyrinth
193:middle nasal meatus
2226:Sphenoidal sinuses
1935:ethmoidal foramina
1853:Olfactory foramina
1814:Sphenoidal conchae
1651:Sphenoidal sinuses
1643:Sphenoidal lingula
1362:Articular tubercle
1033:Cruciform eminence
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2285:Pharyngeal recess
2280:Pharyngeal tonsil
2213:Paranasal sinuses
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2181:Vomeronasal organ
1959:
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1648:Anterior surface:
1615:Chiasmatic groove
1598:Hypophysial fossa
1593:Tuberculum sellae
1580:Superior surface:
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1551:Suprameatal spine
1507:Inferior tympanic
1475:Cochlear aqueduct
1382:Zygomatic process
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1276:Zygomatic process
1175:Parietal eminence
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1085:Hypoglossal canal
705:978-3-7091-7345-9
535:978-1-259-86264-9
439:Additional images
315:ethmoid labyrinth
228:maxillary sinuses
180:paranasal sinuses
172:ethmoid air cells
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16:(Redirected from
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2199:Olfactory mucosa
2160:Maxillary hiatus
2155:Semilunar hiatus
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2013:nasal cartilages
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1625:Petrosal process
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1490:Subarcuate fossa
1420:Occipital groove
1372:Mandibular fossa
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1331:Frontonasal duct
1232:Frontal eminence
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1185:Parietal foramen
1100:Jugular tubercle
1004:Suprainiac fossa
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2326:
2325:
2323:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2236:Ethmoid sinus
2234:
2232:
2231:Frontal sinus
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:Ethmoid bulla
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:Nasal conchae
2090:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Lateral nasal
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:External nose
1998:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Ethmoid sinus
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1912:Middle meatus
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:Dorsum sellae
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:Sella turcica
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1543:Tympanic part
1540:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1495:Jugular fossa
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1453:Carotid canal
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:Mastoid notch
1413:
1410:
1409:Mastoid cells
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1354:Squamous part
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:Frontal sinus
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1291:Frontal crest
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1269:Foramen cecum
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1219:Squamous part
1216:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:Sagittal keel
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Temporal line
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1060:Lateral parts
1057:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
989:Occipital bun
987:
985:
981:
978:
977:
976:
973:
972:
970:
968:
967:Squamous part
964:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
940:
935:
933:
928:
926:
921:
920:
917:
910:
907:
904:
901:
900:
886:
878:
874:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
821:
817:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
772:
764:
760:
755:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
715:
707:
701:
697:
693:
689:
682:
680:
670:
657:
653:
649:
645:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
612:
610:
608:
606:
597:
591:
587:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
559:
553:
545:
541:
537:
531:
527:
526:
518:
516:
506:
504:
499:
496:
495:
492:
489:
487:
483:
482:public domain
460:
455:
448:
443:
442:
436:
434:
430:
420:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:ethmoid bulla
369:
366:
362:
356:
352:
344:
340:
330:
328:
324:
323:ethmoid crest
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:basal lamella
303:
301:
297:
296:ethmoid bulla
293:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:
231:
229:
219:
216:
214:
210:
206:
196:
194:
190:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
157:
151:
147:
144:
141:
139:
135:
132:
129:
127:
123:
120:
117:
115:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
96:
91:
89:
85:
80:
77:
74:
72:
68:
63:
56:
51:
47:
41:
36:
33:Ethmoid sinus
31:
19:
2235:
2191:Nasal mucosa
2176:Nasal septum
2118:Nasal meatus
2085:Lateral wall
2051:Nasal cavity
2019:Septal nasal
2011:
1934:
1929:
1888:
1875:
1848:Crista galli
1770:
1753:
1668:
1647:
1634:
1579:
1528:
1501:
1484:
1458:Facial canal
1445:Petrous part
1392:Mastoid part
1303:Orbital part
1280:
1253:
1236:
1112:Basilar part
1089:
1027:
1010:
999:Nuchal lines
974:
946:Neurocranium
885:
842:
838:
828:
785:
781:
771:
728:
724:
714:
687:
669:
659:, retrieved
647:
585:
524:
493:
479:
473:
426:
418:
399:
375:
372:Haller cells
365:facial nerve
336:
310:
306:
304:
289:
266:
255:
240:
225:
217:
202:
176:ethmoid bone
171:
167:
165:
119:A06.1.03.005
92:
2169:Medial wall
2039:Vomeronasal
2007:Ala of nose
1734:Optic canal
1716:Small wings
1661:Great wings
410:optic nerve
396:Onodi cells
333:Innervation
222:Development
82:Identifiers
2322:Categories
2145:Agger nasi
2120:: (Supreme
2034:Minor alar
2029:Major alar
1502:canaliculi
1264:Brow ridge
661:2023-07-04
648:StatPearls
544:1044772257
470:References
2338:Rhinology
2129:inferior)
1940:Posterior
1922:Labyrinth
1759:Pterygoid
1746:processes
1744:Pterygoid
1151:Opisthion
1016:Occipital
958:Occipital
859:2152-6575
802:2231-3796
745:0250-832X
552:cite book
429:proptosis
199:Structure
2123:superior
2059:Openings
1945:Anterior
1869:Surfaces
1764:Scaphoid
1689:Spinosum
1674:Rotundum
1669:foramina
1573:Surfaces
1565:Sphenoid
1531:ossicles
1345:Temporal
1281:internal
1254:foramina
1247:Glabella
1237:external
1167:Parietal
1028:internal
975:external
877:23772328
820:36452524
763:22241882
656:29763001
486:page 154
433:diplopia
341:and the
339:anterior
286:Lamellae
234:Drainage
211:and the
189:superior
2312:Anatomy
2250:pharynx
2071:Nostril
1828:Ethmoid
1793:Hamulus
1776:Lateral
1684:Vesalii
1529:(note:
1512:Mastoid
1210:Frontal
1090:jugular
1068:Condyle
948:of the
868:3679569
811:9702225
754:3728998
353:of the
273:at the
191:or the
174:of the
107:D005005
65:Details
2298:Portal
2126:middle
2076:Choana
1836:Plates
1781:Medial
1754:fossae
1630:Clivus
1485:fossae
1463:Hiatus
1434:Aditus
1146:Basion
1125:Clivus
1021:Nuchal
1011:planes
875:
865:
857:
818:
808:
800:
761:
751:
743:
702:
654:
592:
542:
532:
494:(1918)
213:orbits
1802:Other
1696:Spine
1679:Ovale
1134:Other
980:Inion
950:skull
484:from
154:[
143:84115
88:Latin
71:Nerve
2246:Naso
1809:Body
873:PMID
855:ISSN
816:PMID
798:ISSN
759:PMID
741:ISSN
700:ISBN
652:PMID
590:ISBN
558:link
540:OCLC
530:ISBN
431:and
412:and
265:The
254:The
239:The
166:The
131:3180
114:TA98
102:MeSH
863:PMC
847:doi
806:PMC
790:doi
749:PMC
733:doi
692:doi
357:),
170:or
138:FMA
126:TA2
2324::
2094::
871:.
861:.
853:.
841:.
837:.
814:.
804:.
796:.
786:74
784:.
780:.
757:.
747:.
739:.
729:41
727:.
723:.
698:.
678:^
646:,
620:^
604:^
566:^
554:}}
550:{{
538:.
514:^
502:^
435:.
302:.
2300::
2248:-
1985:e
1978:t
1971:v
1436:)
1432:(
1411:)
1407:(
982:/
938:e
931:t
924:v
879:.
849::
843:4
822:.
792::
765:.
735::
708:.
694::
598:.
560:)
546:.
367:.
351:)
349:1
281:.
262:.
251:.
158:]
20:)
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