A. J. Mundella - Knowledge

3715: 1117:. It was a successful venture and Mundella's pecuniary interest prospered. Under newly established rules, on becoming president of the Board of Trade in 1892 he relinquished all his directorships and thereafter had no control over the company's activities. In 1893, as a result of an economic downturn, the company was forced into liquidation and became the subject of a Board of Trade inquiry. Though Mundella was no longer a director and was innocent of any fault, a conflict of interest existed because the final decision on what further proceedings should follow a public investigation in court (in which Mundella gave evidence) would have to be made by Mundella himself as president of the Board of Trade. He was compromised, and his role as president became unsustainable. 1424:

chiefly women and children, in grateful acknowledgement of her husband's services". It was presented to Mary Mundella at a ceremony in Manchester in August 1884, ten years after the Factory Act had passed. The bust remained in the family until some time after 1938 when it was presented to the Nottingham School Board for display in the Mundella Grammar School. When this school closed in 1985 the bust passed to Roland Green School and then The Nottingham Emmanuel School. It was then taken into the care of a group of former students of Nottingham Grammar School, who in 2009 had it cleaned and loaned it to the Bromley House Library, Nottingham where it is now displayed.

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suspicious employers and with powerful trade unionists, and reconcile the penurious framework-knitters with the comparatively well-paid and skilled factory workers. He proposed that the workers should have the wages they demanded and also that a board of arbitration (the Nottingham Board of Arbitration and Conciliation for the Hosiery Trade) composed of both employers and workers should be established to prevent further strikes by fixing the price for handwork and preventing disputes by constant conference between both sides. The essence was that prevention of strife was better than subsequent remedy.

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firm experimented seriously and secretly with machinery driven by steam power. Mundella was not technically minded, though his experience at Harris's with mechanical experimentation helped to form his abiding interest and fascination in new steam-powered hosiery-making machinery. He was one of the first industrialists in the Midlands to realise that steam power was something far more than a means to great wealth. He believed that it could be "so applied and developed as to lift the mass of workers out of serfdom".

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short illness on 14 December 1890. Their marriage was described as "outstandingly happy" and "blissful" and Mundella was said to have been "inconsolable" at his wife's death. "She was loved and honoured in an extraordinary degree by all from the highest to the humblest," Mundella wrote to his sister Theresa. "What a romance it all seems, Alas! What a terrible drama for me!" His manner after his bereavement was said to have become sharper and more intolerant, as observed by another MP in the House of Commons.

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inaugurating the National Association for the Promotion of Technical Education. The association became a force behind educational development, including secondary as well as technical education. Mundella also presided over the new National Education Association formed to promote a "free progressive system of national education, publicly controlled and free from sectarian interest" by publicising and advancing the School Board system and undermining denominational and private schools.

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frontbench. From that position, despite his age, he continued his fight for his favoured causes. He strongly opposed the education bills of 1896 and 1897 which he saw as destructive of his education policy, and he complained that the compulsory clauses of his education Act were scarcely enforced so that nearly one-fifth of the potential school population was absent. The result, he pointed out, was widespread illiteracy among those of school-leaving age.

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dignity" There were tributes from Gladstone and Rosebery (the latter insisting that it was a "source of grief and weakness" to the government to be deprived of his "great" services), and hundreds of resolutions of sympathy from workers all over the country reached him, thanking him for his life-long services to labour. He was not to return to ministerial power, and served on the backbenches until the general election of 1895.

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code to operate. Mundella improved the inspection of schools, including employing some women inspectors, and insisting that the health and mental capacity of children should be taken into consideration when examining their learning progress. He also arranged beneficial change in teacher training. There were accusations that the strictness of the code was harsh and was causing children to overwork. To this the medical journal

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Mundella introduced his railway and canal traffic bill, which would hand control over the railways to the Board of Trade, including the power to enforce reductions in charges. Mundella met vehement opposition from the railway companies and their shareholders, who were fearful that there would be a fall in their profits of up to 50 per cent and a destruction of the value of railway property.

701:. His speech on the second reading of the bill did much to enhance his parliamentary reputation. Though the Act established local education authorities and authorised public money for school improvements, it did not meet with Mundella’s complete approval as it introduced neither free nor compulsory schooling (except in a tentative, experimental way through the 1082:, with nearly 320,000 men who were objecting to a reduction in pay being thrown out of work. Mundella encouraged conciliation and as a result the coal strike was settled. The conflict encouraged Mundella to introduce a bill to enable the establishment of local boards of conciliation and arbitration whenever and wherever they might be required. 745:

paying particular attention to the clauses restricting the working hours of women and children. He continued his campaign for fewer hours for women and children with the introduction of a nine-hours factory bill in 1872 but it made slow progress and in the summer of 1873, due to opposition from manufacturers, it was withdrawn.

1038:) was the first Act of Parliament to outlaw cruelty to children. It enabled the state to intervene in relations between parents and children, made it an imprisonable crime to neglect or ill-treat children, and outlawed the employment of children under the age of 10. Mundella regarded this Act as one of his greatest successes. 1204:

Victoria sent a wreath, and she and the Prince of Wales were represented amongst a very large number of male and female mourners. The church was full and later congregants were forced to assemble outside. It was noted that an unusually large number of working men had come to pay their respects to Mundella.

1271:, and Knowledge’s original article about him was brief and incomplete. There is no public monument to him. Mundella Grammar School in Nottingham no longer exists. A request in the mid-1980s for the installation of a commemorative blue plaque at Mundella's London home of 16 Elvaston Place was refused by 1326:

Mundella had a striking presence, being tall and thin and bent at the shoulders with a dark complexion, a prominent hooked nose and a flowing beard. Easily recognisable, he was reported to be a familiar figure in London. In character he was described as warm, impulsive, enthusiastic, and optimistic,

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By such work Mundella prepared the late Victorian age for the dawning of the 20th century. Many of the improvements he fostered have been altered somewhat in the years since his death, but the long-term effects of everything he enabled have remained: children must still go to school, trade unions are

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A wide stone in a combination of classical styles and Arts and Crafts decoration was erected over the tomb. To Mundella's name was added the inscription: "Loving knowledge for its own sake, he strove to diffuse it among his countrymen. He laboured for industrial peace, and the welfare of the children

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In 1890 Mundella became chairman of the Trade and Treaties Committee, responsible for keeping the Board of Trade informed on expiring treaties and new tariffs and duties. In 1891 and 1892, on the urging of Gladstone, he became an opposition frontbench representative on the Royal Commission on Labour.

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of the 1860s which in ports and garrison towns subjected female prostitutes, and those suspected of being such, to arrest, inspection, and (if they were found to be infected) incarceration for up to one year, while no provision was made for the examination of their male customers. He also pressed for

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Mundella's principle of conciliation was not entirely original; other such boards of conciliation or arbitration had been set up, mostly successfully, in a few other trades but none of them had been established in an industry as antagonistic and complex with technological change as the hosiery trade.

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There was a setback in 1859 when Hine & Mundella's factory was damaged by fire, but it was soon rebuilt and returned to operation with the advantage of newer and more powerful machines, in large part paid for by the company's insurers. Hine and Mundella continued to prosper. They opened factories

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with them, Mundella was able to develop plentiful new hosiery-making machinery, a lot of it steam-driven, including a technological revolution: a machine which for the first time enabled a stocking to be made and fully fashioned automatically without stopping the action. The result was stockings made

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of a large warehouse set up by another hosiery manufacturing business in Leicester, Harris & Hamel. Richard Harris was a prominent Liberal and Chartist in the city. Mundella prospered and, while still eighteen, he married. He worked for Harris for three years, until he was 22, and while there the

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in 1886 and from 1892 to 1894. As education minister he established universal compulsory education in Britain and played the major part in building the state education system. At the Board of Trade he was instrumental in the reduction of working hours and the raising of minimum ages in the employment

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There had long been disputation over the matter of railway freight charges, with the railway companies' trade and agricultural customers implacably opposed to the high prices charged for the movement of goods. As a means to secure a just and equitable re-assessment of the charges throughout Britain,

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Mundella's main concerns on joining the House were trade union reform and the need for free, compulsory schooling and for technical training. Trade unionism had no greater friend than Mundella. He was a believer in the right of working men and women to combine to protect their interests, and much of

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Mary Mundella née Smith was described as "a woman of lofty mind and great determination" and shared her husband's literary and artistic sympathies. Her "quiet, clever criticisms" were said to delight her guests and she was credited with an "unselfish, gentle, and sunny disposition" She died after a

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Mundella was highly respected during his long period in Victorian Liberal politics, achieving elevation to the cabinet and attaining the distinction of becoming known as a statesman. It has been argued that his was "the most productive mind in late Victorian England at work in the kindred fields of

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Mundella wrote to his sister Theresa: "I was received with loud cheering when I entered the House, when I rose to address it, and the loudest from all sides when I sat down. Men crowded round me all night to shake hands with me, and all my colleagues said I had done it so admirably and with so much

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They were further angered by Mundella's introduction of a railway regulation bill which sought to impose better braking and other safety devices. Opposition to the railway and canal traffic bill rode on the back of the then widespread and equally vehement opposition in the House to Irish home rule.

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received his name from the prime minister she described him in her diary as "Mr. Mundella (one of the most violent radicals)”. She wrote that on disapprovingly remarking to Gladstone about Mundella's appointment "Mr. Gladstone praised him very much, saying he was a very religious man, very much for

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Mundella's long-established interest in arbitration resulted in 1872 in his Arbitration (Masters and Workmen) Act (commonly known as Mundella's Act) which made voluntary agreements between managers and workers mutually binding. In the same year he aided the passage of the Coal Mines Regulation Act,

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steel industry led to the 1867 Royal Commission on Trade Unions. Mundella showed the commission that unions could play a positive part in industrial relations, and that working men could be trusted. In 1868 he was invited to address a joint meeting in Sheffield of the organised trades and the local

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Aside from local political action, Mundella's business experience showed him that progress in industry depended on reciprocal understanding between workers and employers, and that progress generally required significant improvements in the nation's education system, including technical training. He

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Mundella's short period in charge of the Board of Trade ended on 30 July 1886 and in the general election in August the Conservatives regained power. From the opposition frontbench Mundella again campaigned for increased technical education among working people. With others, he was instrumental in

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Mundella's educational code of 1882, which became known as the "Mundella Code," marked a new departure in the regulation of public elementary schools, their curricula and how they were taught, and the conditions under which government grants were made. By 1883 money was made available to allow the

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Mundella had made a success out of the business. When he joined Hine & Co in 1848 the annual turnover was £18,000 (equivalent to £2,282,772 in 2023); when he left the firm in 1873 (finding it impossible to live in London as an MP and manage a business in Nottingham) the annual turnover was

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Mundella built large new premises for the company in 1851, the first steam-operated hosiery factory in Nottingham. It had wide and spacious workrooms, was lit entirely by daylight and gas jets, and had the finest machinery. By 1857 Hine and Mundella were employing 4,000 workers who were well paid,

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Mundella then set in motion the reorganisation of technical education. He had always taken an interest in higher and technical education, as well as in art schools and other forms of art culture, and they had invariably secured his sympathy and aid. As his first move in higher education, Mundella

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majority of 116. With his evident confidence, the respect in which he was held as a pioneer of industrial arbitration and as an expert on social matters, combined with the early perception that he was a hard worker, he immediately found himself to be one of the most highly regarded MPs of the new

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hit Nottingham's hosiery business. The inadequate wages of home framework-knitters compared to those of the factory operatives led to demands for higher pay (although Mundella's employees were not involved). Mundella organised a conference between workers and the employers. He had to contend with

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RA (1834–1890). Working women and children, who had enjoyed the benefit of the Factory Act of 1874 subscribed, mostly in single pennies, to a tribute to Mundella and his wife. It took the form of the bust by Boehm and bears the inscription: "Presented to Mrs. Mundella by 80,000 factory workers,

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It has been suggested that one reason was the absence of an early biography. It was the intention of Mundella's daughter Maria Theresa to write his biography (which would presumably have been celebratory), but despite working for some years on his archive, collecting contributions and loans from

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Mundella died unexpectedly. On 14 July 1897 his butler found him "prostrated and unconscious" on his bedroom floor. He had suffered a stroke and remained paralysed with a complete loss of speech, and he was barely conscious for eight days. Many people, including Queen Victoria (who telegraphed a

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The general election of July 1895 saw the Conservatives win with an overall majority of 152 and the Liberal Party were back in opposition. Mundella, still esteemed by his constituents, was returned unopposed for Sheffield Brightside, and his colleagues in the House recalled him to the opposition

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states, and was dismayed at the comparative shortcomings of the English system. He knew that achieving the required progress in these matters would involve collective effort and increasing state intervention. At the same time, his business experience, arising from his working past, confirmed his

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At home, Mundella had a regard for domestic comforts and liked to be surrounded by beautiful objects. One of his nieces recalled that he and his family flourished at a time when all things Italian were fashionable and having Italian ancestry was considered most desirable. 16 Elvaston Place, she

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It has been observed that "Mundella made enemies at every stage. He was far too confident and masterful for a quiet life, and in an age of overflowing political activity his mind and methods appeared to stand for the whole menace of radical change." As he grew older the cabinet held him in high

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wrote: "The House felt that here was a good man suffering with adversity. That it was undeserved, had swooped down, and blighted temporarily an honourable career when it seemed to have reached its serener heights, made the calamity none the less hard to bear. Mundella comported himself with the

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There Mundella again faced the railway companies and their shareholders, as the agricultural lobby and businesses were still anxious to see reduced freight charges. Cautious of raising the ire of the railway companies again, in 1893 Mundella set up a committee to look into the charges. He also

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stated that "compulsory education might do for the Saxons, but would never be endured by the Anglo-Saxons". To those organisations and people who maintained that compulsion was un-English Mundella replied that it was "peculiarly English to be content to be in ignorance". Immediately on reaching

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Mundella was also greatly concerned at the employment of children of very young ages, and how their presence at work would make compulsory elementary education impossible. In 1871 he put forward a measure to control the employment of children in the manufacture of bricks and tiles. His move was

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Mundella had already stated that he "did not feel obliged to go on toiling to amass a great fortune, but was justified in giving up commerce to devote himself to political life and his love of beautiful things". He agreed to stand and was formally adopted as a Liberal candidate on 20 July 1868.

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for the rest of his life. Outside school, his mother, with her wide knowledge of English literature, particularly Shakespeare, instilled in his mind a love of the beautiful in nature, in literature, and in art. Because of the family's then abject financial circumstances, when Rebecca Mundella's

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was published in 1951. He made good use of Ms Mundella's copious research in his book, and before its publication in academic papers and a radio broadcast. Mundella is regularly mentioned in volumes recording the Victorian hosiery business, the history of education, and early labour relations.

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on 26 July. It was unusual for St Margaret's in that Mundella's coffin was present, rather than the service being a memorial. The coffin was draped in a pall of Venetian brocade, with a marble statuette of the Madonna and Child and a photograph of Mundella's late wife placed at its head. Queen

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also recognised that very young children could not be properly educated if they were spending their time working in factories. When travelling in continental Europe on business and on personal relaxation, Mundella saw how superior the education systems of other countries were, particularly in

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Encouragement for the freshwater fish Bill had come from Mundella's own Sheffield constituency. The previous twenty years had seen an enormous expansion in the number of anglers. In 1878 Sheffield alone had 211 angling clubs, with 8,000 members, and there was much concern about over-fishing,

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operated by perennially poor framework-knitters in their own homes. He pioneered many changes, including new machines which produced tubular knitting rather than the stocking-frame's straight knit. Mundella had long maintained that the best machines in the hosiery trade were "principally the

1489:(1838–1914). A late portrait photograph of Mundella, seen standing at an entrance to the Houses of Parliament and dated May 1897 (two months before his death). A copy is held by the National Portrait Gallery and another, with greater clarity of detail, by the UK Parliament's digital archive. 949:

In May 1885 Mundella was able to begin the process of introducing a measure to promote intermediate education in Wales, but on 9 June 1885 Gladstone resigned and as a result Mundella was forced to leave the vice-presidency. His Welsh legislation fell at the dissolution of parliament.

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After Mundella's 1863 success in arbitrating the Nottingham industrial strife he was invited by many English and Welsh towns to expound on the system of arbitration and to help settle a number of labour conflicts. Outbreaks of violence, including explosions and murders, in the

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Mundella was the first to prove that the principle worked in an industry of much complexity with the aim of, rather than fighting fires, preventing fires starting in the first place. It was hailed as a success and was adopted not only in other parts of the country, but also in

1346:, a position he deeply valued. His elevation in political life brought him from his labouring class roots into the sphere of the rich, the aristocratic, and the royal. After her initial suspicion, Queen Victoria learned to care deeply for him and invited him for weekends at 1318:

nearby. While he had made money in business, Mundella had never been particularly rich. The crash of the New Zealand company which had been the cause of his resignation left him in financial difficulties, but on the recommendation of Lord Rosebery he was awarded an annual

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on 9 December 1871 as Number 99 in their series of "Portraits of Statesmen". It is entitled "Education and Arbitration". Reproductions were available for sale and there are consequently many copies in private hands and in public collections, including those of the UK

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In 1877 Mundella sponsored a bill to abolish the property qualification for standing for local office, pointing out that 80 to 90 per cent of the voters in his constituency were disqualified from being councillors and yet were the first to be pressured by rises in

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From his father, and the exiled Italians who occasionally visited the family home, Mundella acquired at an early age what was described as "a kind of strange unconventional political education". At fifteen he became politically engaged and, inspired by the local

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were paid their wages at the end of a voyage ensured they did not have to linger for long periods in the seaports rather than returning home, thereby reducing prostitution in the ports. A merchant shipping bill was introduced to halt the undermanning of ships.

1386:(1857–1940). Painted on commission for the citizens of Sheffield to celebrate Mundella's 25th anniversary as an MP. A three-quarter length portrayal of Mundella as president of the Board of Trade with his hand resting on a departmental despatch box. The 1248:

others, and making lengthy transcriptions, nothing was published. She died in 1922. Her collected Mundella papers then passed to his granddaughter, Dorothea Benson, Lady Charnwood, who presented them to the University of Sheffield Library in the 1930s.

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on 30 November 1893. It is entitled "On the Terrace, A Political Spectacle: – The Ayes have it – the Noes have it" and it is a group cartoon portrait with Mundella in the right foreground. A copy of it is owned by the National Portrait Gallery in

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Despite Mundella's beneficial influence on education, industry, and the protection of children, after his death in 1897 his name and reputation disappeared from public view and he became mostly a forgotten man of Gladstone's administrations.

1223:, where further mourners crowded onto the hillside overlooking the grave. A third service was conducted at the graveside. He was buried in the Mundella vault where his parents, his wife and his youngest brother had been previously interred. 1042:

He chaired the section dealing with conditions in the chemical, building, textile, clothing and miscellaneous trades. As such, he was able to institute the appointment of four women inspectors to examine the position of women in industry.

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and his father a Catholic), throughout his political life his looks, his foreign-sounding name, and his artistic individualism in dress encouraged opponents and hostile cartoonists and journalists to indulge in anti-semitic insults.

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In the 1892 general election Mundella retained his seat of Sheffield Brightside with an increased majority and the Liberal Party formed the government. Mundella returned to the cabinet and to the presidency of the Board of Trade.

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The National Archives of the UK; Kew, Surrey, England; General Register Office: Registers of Births, Marriages and Deaths surrendered to the Non-parochial Registers Commissions of 1837 and 1857; Class Number: RG 4; Piece Number:

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Despite Mundella's claim when applying for his Civil List pension in 1894 that he had "insufficient private means", at his death, three years later, his estate was valued at £42,619 1s 3d (equivalent to £6,108,095 in 2023).

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partly because by attracting good operatives Mundella hoped they would use their intelligence and inventiveness to suggest improvements in the way they worked. Improved conditions, Mundella observed, brought enhanced loyalty.

946:, and the setting up of a department of agriculture which would take over his veterinary responsibilities (part of the education portfolio), but he was forestalled by the opposition of the Lord President of the Council. 1528:: the first, marking Mundella's maiden speech in the House of Commons, was published on 27 February 1869, and the second, a group portrait by Walter Wilson of WE Gladstone's new Cabinet, was published on 27 August 1892. 1178:

Mundella's final utterance in the House, after 3,280 vocal contributions over nearly thirty years as an MP, was a brief interjection in the debate on the second reading of the education (Scotland) bill on 1 July 1897.

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Concerned by the annual returns of railway accidents and deaths furnished by the Board of Trade, Mundella appointed two railway men to inquire into the accidents and their causes, and to find means to increase safety.

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Early in 1893, the Bureau of Labour Statistics which Mundella set up in his first term as trade minister was expanded into a labour department, separate from the Board of Trade. This department published a regular

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Newspaper cartoons: by various artists. 16 images, all including lampooning representations of Mundella, and all relating to the parliamentary elections in Sheffield in 1868. They are held by Sheffield University

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As a leading statesman with prominent looks, Mundella can also be identified in many group portraits, photographs, and newspaper and journal illustrations of the late 1800s. Two particular images can be found in

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office Mundella introduced a bill to complete the system of compulsion to attend school, which had not been achieved by previous Acts. The Mundella Act (another Act credited to his name), properly known as the

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The New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company made advances to sheep-farming colonists in New Zealand and Australia on the security of their land and produce, and helped market that produce in Britain.

1124:, by then prime minister, who requested him to withdraw it. Mundella insisted upon it and his resignation took effect on 12 May 1894. On 24 May he addressed the House of Commons on the matter. The magazine 990:

In the short period before the next general election Mundella had little time at the Board of Trade to effect major legislative improvements but he was able to introduce a number of administrative changes.

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Mundella's perennial concern for children also led him to introduce, in 1873, a bill for the protection of children against people who, being in charge of them, had been convicted of violence against them.

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on a frame in their home and was regarded as adept at this work but, nonetheless, she too was poorly paid and after rent for housing and for the lace frame there was invariably little left to live on.

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eyesight worsened and she could no longer work at lacemaking the boy had to be withdrawn from school so that he could earn money to help the family. At nine, he started work in a printing office as a

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commented: "His face wears a somewhat sad and serious expression, and the artist has given him the full measure of his years". The artist was Mundella's own choice. The painting was exhibited at the

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Portrait in oil: by Arthur John Black (1855–1936). This portrait was presented to Mundella's daughter, Maria Theresa, who in 1898 donated it to the Nottingham School Board for display in the new

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recalled, was full of beautiful Italian things. The house was often crowded with friends, not only politicians, but also many from the world of the arts and literature, business, and journalism.

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esteem but younger politicians were "never quite sure whether he was a rogue or a fool, but they were convinced that he was a bore" because of his determined enthusiasm on a few dominant themes.

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of 1875 established a ten-hour day for women and children in textile factories. It was widely recognised in the textile districts that it was Mundella's efforts which had secured its passing.

590:. The leaders of his audience were so inspired by his speech that they assured him of their support if he were to stand for the Liberal Party in the Sheffield constituency in the forthcoming 994:

He ensured that consular reports of trade and the trade requirements of different countries of the world should be published and available at a low price instead of being lost among general

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In the general election of 1874, the Liberal Party was defeated, but Mundella continued his parliamentary campaigns from the opposition backbenches and reintroduced his nine-hours bill. The

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In 1888 Mundella introduced a bill for the prevention of cruelty to children. Due to opposition, progress of the bill was slow, with Mundella speaking 65 times in committee. The ensuing

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government, harvesting the fruits of Mundella's three years' hard work on his bill, introduced their own factory bill which was designed to achieve much the same aims. The subsequent

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Principal Probate Registry, Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England, London, England

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for its antiquated system for issuing army contracts, and advocated short army and navy service, more volunteers and better organisation. He joined in an attempt to modernise the

2003: 807:. The bill found little traction in the House and each time it reappeared in the period from 1877 to 1879 it was defeated. The Conservatives finally passed the measure in 1880. 1035: 1031: 357:

chapel in Leicester. His granddaughter maintained that he was named Antonio Giovanni but the Great Meeting baptismal register confirms that he was christened Anthony John.

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Mundella tried to modernise the Committee of the Council on Education by proposing the institution of an education department headed by a minister with a position in the

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The Liberals returned to power in 1880 with a large majority and Gladstone, recognising the younger man's expertise in the field of education reform, appointed him

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and while still fifteen heard his compositions sung on the streets and at political meetings. At the same age he made his first political speech, in support of the

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which school boards were empowered to make), but he was anxious to take what parliament was willing to give rather than reject it because it was not good enough.

657:, warmly congratulated him on his speech. In the middle of March Mundella's stock rose higher when his board of arbitration was commended in the newly published 617:

which had enfranchised a large number of male householders for the first time, Mundella prevailed in Sheffield. He was to represent the seat, and its successor,

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For the next fifteen years Mundella devoted his energy to reinventing the mechanics of a hosiery industry which for the most part relied on old-style mechanical

389:, an opportunity used by him to extend his education. At eleven he was apprenticed to William Kempson, whose business made footwear, hosiery and haberdashery. 2104: 768:

Mundella was also praised – this time by the trade union leadership – for his opposition backbench role in amending and enabling the passing of, firstly, the

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The election in Sheffield was a long and bitterly fought contest. Mundella suffered much abuse. There were attacks on his Italian ancestry; though he was not

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scholar and as he grew older he became a teacher, then secretary, and ultimately superintendent of a large, poor Sunday School in Sanvey Gate in Leicester.

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While in England and Wales, endowments for higher education schools were being surveyed and where necessary reformed, no such action was taking place in

369: 856:, which became law only four months after the Liberals returned to power, established the means to enforce that all children would be sent to school. 3424: 3384: 959: 1342:, an honour awarded in 1882 that he described as "the most agreeable and distinguished that could fall upon me", In 1884 he became President of the 1188:

number of times for news) and leading politicians of all shades of opinion, expressed concern. At 1.55 pm on 21 July 1897 he died, at the age of 72.

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A replica of the portrait, also painted by Cope, was presented to Mundella's daughter Maria Theresa on the same occasion. Its location is unknown.

3359: 777: 456:, who needed help to construct and open a large new factory. He became a partner in the company, which soon became known as Hine & Mundella. 342:

of uncertain background, and his wife Rebecca Allsopp of Leicester. At the time of Mundella's birth, his father was a poorly paid trimmer in the

1412:. It was then taken into the care of a group of former students of the Mundella Grammar School, who in 2009 had it cleaned and loaned it to the 974:. Gladstone returned to the prime ministership barely three months later in January 1886 and after briefly considering Mundella for the post of 928:

declared: "The educational system is not overworking children but demonstrating that they are underfed. This conclusion roused Mundella to urge

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inventions of working men". Not by his own invention, but by encouraging inventors within the company (many of them loom operators) and sharing

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his energy in Parliament was devoted to securing the same rights for them as were enjoyed by their employers. In 1869 Mundella began to plan a

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Mundella's bill to establish the local boards eventually became law as the Conciliation and Arbitration Act under the Conservatives in 1896.

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in London in the spring of 1894 and presented to Mundella on 11 Dec 1894 before being given to Sheffield Town Council. It is on loan to

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But such occasional kick-starting has failed to fire the engine of modern-day regard for Mundella’s reputation. He is absent from the

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Mundella's stock was now high. Early in 1894 Gladstone wrote of him: "He … has done himself much credit in the present government".

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Legalised Trade Unions, Compulsory Primary Schooling, Enhanced Higher Education — the Legacies of Anthony John Mundella, 1825–1897

2346:

Legalised Trade Unions, Compulsory Primary Schooling, Enhanced Higher Education — the Legacies of Anthony John Mundella, 1825–1897

847:. He set to work with vigour, despite strong opposition. Referring to Mundella's researches into schooling in continental Europe, 724:, whose punishments for poaching jailed many thousands of men. And he attacked the inconsistent treatment of men and women in the 3529: 3334: 2952: 843:

Mundella was in charge of education, and he was now positioned to achieve a number of his aims, in particular that of compulsory

182: 2414: 799:. Known officially as the Freshwater Fisheries Act and colloquially amongst anglers as the Mundella Act, it became law in 1878. 572:

belief in the desirability, indeed necessity, of trade unions. The opportunity to put his beliefs into action appeared in 1868.

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Mundella was a prominent and popular public figure in Nottingham and was an active force in his local Liberal party, becoming

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to legalise the unions and give them financial security. Though the bill did not proceed, his efforts did secure a temporary

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This article is about the industrialist, Liberal MP and cabinet minister, A.J.Mundella. For his nephew Anthony Mundella, see

17: 1603:, similar to Mundella's, and with his encouragement from the opposition benches, became law under the Conservatives in 1888. 1499:: by an unknown photographer. A head and shoulders portrait, taken in the 1870s. A copy is in the National Portrait Gallery. 3659: 3604: 3124: 3104: 3094: 3064: 3034: 2875: 2828: 2824: 650: 338:, England in 1825. He was the first of five children of Antonio Mondelli (later known as Anthony Mundella), a refugee from 532:, the Nottingham Hosiery Manufacturing Company. The firm continued to expand, developing further interests in Saxony, and 3749: 3744: 3714: 3449: 3354: 3244: 3219: 3139: 1520:(1843–1907). A three-quarter-length seated portrait, taken in the 1890s. A copy is held by the National Portrait Gallery. 1018:

In a division on the Irish matter, Gladstone's government fell, and with it Mundella's attempted reform of the railways.

1010:

department, previously the realm of three different government departments, to look after both sea and inland fisheries.

939:. Mundella introduced bills to overhaul the Scottish endowments and extend compulsory elementary education to Scotland. 3389: 3304: 3299: 3154: 2218: 2108: 741:

of 1871. As a result, the employment of girls under sixteen and boys under ten in brick and tile yards was prohibited.

1513:(1829–1913) A right semi-profile head-and-shoulders portrait, made in 1885. The National Portrait Gallery owns a copy. 3579: 3524: 3484: 3394: 3199: 3164: 3059: 3049: 3039: 3029: 1517: 1451: 2642: 1093:

fishing areas to deal with floating alcohol "shops" which supplied fishermen with liquor. An improvement in the way

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and helped to set up the Nottingham Chamber of Commerce. From 1859, at the time of increased fear of an invasion by

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to provide elementary education for children from poor homes, until the age of nine. Though he rebelled against the

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enabled the Railway Servants (Hours of Labour) Act, which allowed railway employees to reduce their working hours.

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religious education, and never said anything offensive". At the same time, Mundella was also appointed the fourth

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on 27 July. It was the largest funeral the city had ever seen. Crowds then lined the route from St Mary's to the

1216: 979: 920:(later the Victoria and Albert Museum), which as a lover of art he found to be an enjoyable part of his labours. 781: 730: 306: 194: 76: 2496:

A J Mundella, 29 December 1890, private correspondence with Theresa Wardle née Mundella, Mundella Family Archive

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pension of £1,200 (equivalent to £172,593 in 2023) which enabled him to continue to live in Elvaston Place.

380:, describing them in later life as "my especial abomination", Mundella remained loyal to his early education in 3374: 3114: 1409: 769: 401:, enrolled as a Chartist, becoming increasingly involved in the movement. He became adept at writing political 281: 1283:

On 12 March 1844, when aged eighteen, Mundella married Mary, the daughter of William Smith, a warehouseman of

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A J Mundella, 25 May 1894, private correspondence with Theresa Wardle, née Mundella, Mundella Family Archive

1236:

education, industry and labour" and as a result his political achievements in those fields were remarkable.

2834: 2811: 322:. He also brought in the first laws to prevent cruelty to children. His political achievements in the late 3444: 3434: 1525: 1436: 1339: 1220: 1134: 975: 2777: 970:, which held the balance of power. Mundella was again in opposition, but kept his place on the Liberal 2067:, Volume 15, Richard Iliffe and Wilfred Baguley, The Nottingham Historical Film Unit, Nottingham, 1975 528:

and spent two years recuperating. In his absence the firm of Hine & Mundella was converted into a

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Mundella’s first moves in the House regarding education were strongly to support the passing of the

613:

cartoonists because of his looks; his morality in business was questioned. But benefitting from the

1957:"Rev. William Lee, inventor of the Stocking Frame". www.victorianweb.org. Retrieved 6 December 2016 1268: 883: 725: 671: 3229: 1455: 1405: 963: 917: 784:, released workers from the severe penalties which were aimed solely at them. Both Acts together 773: 758: 654: 298: 166: 109: 685: 2849: 1191: 1075:

to ensure that information about labour was popularised in order to reach the working classes.

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When Mundella was a manufacturer he commissioned a large new villa, designed by the architect

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dispute in March 1895 and was intensively occupied as chairman of the committee examining the

559:, joining in May 1859 and being promoted to lieutenant in June and captain five months later. 1413: 1391: 1383: 1380: 1302:

in Nottingham, and after moving to London when he became an MP the family lived, firstly, in

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dignity that commanded the respect of the House. (He) sat down amid cheering on both sides".

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the legal age of sexual intercourse to be raised to 16, since over 25 per cent of those with

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In 1863 the stress of business became so great that Mundella's health broke down. He went to

3739: 3734: 3694: 3274: 3194: 2898: 2870: 1447: 1295: 943: 844: 679: 618: 398: 319: 170: 43: 2756:, Anthony John Mundella (1825—1897), Jonathan Spain, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004 2667: 2435:

Correspondence, Survey and General Branch, London Division, English Heritage, 5 April 1988

8: 2839: 2807: 2410: 1486: 1343: 1139: 898: 708:

The trade unions and education were not Mundella’s sole concerns in his early years as a

490: 3479: 3364: 3309: 2883: 2844: 2696: 2333:, The Late Mr. Mundella – Memorial service at St. Margaret's, Westminster, 27 July 1897 2032: 1420: 1284: 1208: 889:

Mundella appointed a departmental committee to investigate and make recommendations on

689:

Anthony John Mundella by Coïdé (James Jacques Tissot). A chromolithograph published in

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to examine foreign technical education and compare it with that available in England.

3704: 3619: 3489: 3474: 3369: 3179: 3089: 2750:, XII, Anthony John Mundella, John Morrison Davidson, W Stewart & Co, London 1880 1510: 1355: 1163: 556: 365: 958:

In the General Election of October 1885, Mundella stood for the new constituency of

3654: 3629: 3509: 2977: 2710: 1577:, Mundella being prepared to support any measures which would tranquillise Ireland. 1428: 1307: 1272: 1125: 995: 929: 910: 890: 875: 824: 591: 310:

of children and young people. He was among the first to prove the effectiveness of

290: 3664: 3644: 3634: 3584: 3464: 3404: 3319: 2925: 2915: 2038: 1574: 1496: 1299: 1094: 1003: 906: 796: 435:(in which post he earned £200 a year and a commission on profits) and ultimately 121: 3549: 3429: 2043: 2039:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 1482: 1347: 1315: 1303: 1288: 1252: 1155:

In the year following his resignation, Mundella arbitrated successfully in the

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The Career of A.J.Mundella with Special Reference to his Sheffield Connections

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which legalised trade unions and protected their funds by legal registration.

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Economic and Social Change in a Midland Town: Victorian Nottingham 1815—1900

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Mundella's father later became a successful cotton and wool waste merchant.

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still legal, freshwater fish are still allowed a peaceful breeding season.

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which gave protection to trade union funds and two years later led to the

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Mundella's responsibilities also included the further development of the

804: 717: 709: 610: 564: 449: 417:, and was always active in advocating the causes of the working classes. 381: 311: 1195:

Mundella's burial place: The Mundella vault, Church Cemetery, Nottingham

791:

To Mundella at this time was also the credit for his Bill instituting a

3679: 3379: 2151:, edited by GE Buckle, (2nd series), iii, 89, John Murray, London, 1932 1771:, Lady Charnwood (Dorothea Benson), Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1937 1432: 1362: 1320: 1311: 1212: 999: 971: 713: 555:, he was one of the founding members of the local volunteer corps, the 453: 432: 428: 368:

school of St Nicholas in Leicester, an establishment maintained by the

2732:

A.J.Mundella 1825–1897 – The Liberal Background to the Labour Movement

2534:

Theresa Hastings née Mundella, private memoir, Mundella Family Archive

1729:

A.J.Mundella 1825–1897 — The Liberal Background to the Labour Movement

1257:

A.J.Mundella 1825–1897 – The Liberal Background to the Labour Movement

285:(28 March 1825– 21 July 1897) was an English manufacturer and later a 3689: 3569: 3534: 3514: 1090: 1007: 859: 582: 469:

a hundred times faster than they could be by the framework knitters.

414: 409:. He was further politically inspired by the arrival in Leicester of 373: 335: 222: 1002:

bureau to allow information to be published and disseminated to the

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welcomed so readily that it was incorporated into the government's

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in 1866. A London warehouse at the centre of the textile trade in

2772: 2395:, Margaret Higginbotham, MA Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1941 1924:, Charlotte Erickson, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1959 1590:

set up in 1899 at Mundella's instigation, though after his death.

1207:

Mundella's coffin was then taken through the centre of London to

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Correspondence, Bromley House Library, Nottingham, 11 March 2020

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Mundella was christened on 15 August 1826 at the Great Meeting

239: 2768:, "Death of The Right Hon. A. J. Mundella, M.P.", 22 July 1897 2558:, Katharine Viriamu Jones, Smith, Elder & Co, London, 1915 1032:

Prevention of Cruelty to, and Protection of, Children Act 1889

2173:

National Association for the Promotion of Technical Education

894: 525: 377: 2208: 1754:, Death of The Right Hon. A. J. Mundella, M.P., 22 July 1897 1573:

Gladstone also favoured Mundella because of his support for

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Academic theses have examined his political reputation. The

1089:

ratified the convention between the countries bordering the

817:

Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education

811:

Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education

452:

by old-established hosiery manufacturers, Hine & Co of

427:

At the age of eighteen Mundella left Kempson's to become a

347: 303:

Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education

1909:

General Register Office, England and Wales Marriages, 1844

2791:, Michael Davey, PhD Thesis, University of Adelaide, 2020 2348:, Michael Davey, PhD Thesis, University of Adelaide, 2020 1985:"A.J.Mundella and industrial Conciliation", JD Marshall, 1967:

A History of Machine Wrought Hosiery and Lace Manufacture

1841:, John Morrison Davidson, W Stewart & Co, London 1880 1291:. They had two daughters, Eliza Ellen and Maria Theresa. 874:

formed a single institution of the scientific schools at

2487:

General Register Office, England and Wales Deaths, 1890

2304:

General Register Office, England and Wales Deaths, 1897

2199:, Add. MSS.445498, f.371, Gladstone's Library, Hawarden 1874:, Jonathan Spain, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004 1820:

The Surveyor, Engineer, and Architect for the Year 1841

326:

age are said to have anticipated 20th century society.

1085:

Mundella enabled three separate maritime reforms. The

1215:. A second funeral service was held in Nottingham at 34:

Anthony John Mundella (journalist and educationalist)

3007: 2778:

contributions in Parliament by Anthony John Mundella

2079:, edited by FWS Craig, Macmillan Press, London, 1974 547:

in 1852, at the age of 28. In 1856 he was elected a

2762:, "Death of Mr. A. J. Mundella", M.P., 22 July 1897 1922:

British Industrialists: Steel and Hosiery 1850—1950

1586:The fisheries department was later united with the 1361:Though Mundella was not Jewish (his mother being a 1199:Three funeral services were held. The first was at 3805:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 884:Normal School of Science and Royal School of Mines 780:which, combined with the repeal of the much-hated 540:£500,000 (equivalent to £55,960,608 in 2023). 370:National Society for Promoting Religious Education 3760:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies 2748:Eminent English Radicals in and Out of Parliament 2077:British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885–1918 1835:Eminent English Radicals in and Out of Parliament 1810:, Death of Mr. A. J. Mundella, M.P., 22 July 1897 1731:, WHG Armytage, Ernest Benn Limited, London, 1951 413:on his nationwide campaign for the repeal of the 3726: 2383:, British Broadcasting Corporation, 25 July 1947 2605:Correspondence, Museums Sheffield, 1 March 2020 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 778:Conspiracy, and Protection of Property Act 1875 641:Mundella was chosen to second the reply to the 2187:, Records, A/NEA, London Metropolitan Archives 1969:, William Felkin, Longmans Green, London, 1867 1115:New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company 1078:In 1893 there was a lock-out of miners in the 659:Report of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions 2993: 2466:, Death of Mr. Mundella, London, 22 July 1897 2211:"New Zealand Loan & Mercantile Agency Co" 2128: 2126: 1822:, Robert Mudie, Wm S Orr and Co, London, 1841 1554:The stocking frame had been invented in 1589. 1113:In 1869 Mundella had joined the board of the 1046:President of the Board of Trade (second term) 823:). At the same time Mundella was appointed a 621:, until his death nearly thirty years later. 2906:Vice-President of the Committee on Education 2133:Mundella and the Origins of the Close Season 2018: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1169: 1021: 986:President of the Board of Trade (first term) 2691: 2689: 2592:”Presentations to Mr. A.J.Mundella, M.P"., 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1917: 1915: 1905: 1903: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 3000: 2986: 2625: 2623: 2517: 2515: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2251:"Lord Rosebery's Tribute to Mr Mundella", 2175:, Special Collections, University of Leeds 2123: 2099: 2097: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1314:before, at the end of 1872, purchasing 16 978:he instead elevated him to the cabinet as 953: 834:Charity Commissioner for England and Wales 54: 2734:, WHG Armytage, Ernest Benn Limited, 1951 2361:, Sheffield University Library, Sheffield 2035:inflation figures are based on data from 1927: 1877: 1830: 1828: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1327:and ready to believe the best in anyone. 1150: 752: 575: 2686: 2341: 2339: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2255:, Darlington, County Durham, 25 May 1894 1989:, Manchester, England, 19 September 1960 1972: 1912: 1900: 1757: 1679: 1676:, Roy A Church, Frank Cass, London, 1966 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1416:, Nottingham, where it is now displayed. 1230: 1190: 1133: 1049: 858: 763:Factories (Health of Women, &c.) Act 684: 515: 89:17 February 1886 – 20 July 1886 2754:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2637: 2635: 2620: 2599: 2588: 2586: 2512: 2450: 2105:"Historic Hansard: Mr Anthony Mundella" 2094: 1868:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1650: 1648: 1469:(1851–1922). It was first published in 1439:(1836–1902). It was first published in 1306:in Westminster, then rented a house in 1262:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 481:in Leicestershire, England in 1859 and 443: 14: 3727: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2478:, Metropolitan Notes, 16 December 1890 2405: 2403: 2401: 1825: 1774: 1734: 1373: 1264:completely rewrote his entry in 2004. 295:House of Commons of the United Kingdom 2981: 2738:A.J.Mundella and the Hosiery Industry 2674:from the original on 24 December 2020 2336: 2307: 2209:Archive Research Consultancy (2005). 2036: 2006:from the original on 17 February 2020 1944:"One of Our Pioneers", SK Ratcliffe, 1891:A.J.Mundella and the Hosiery Industry 1658: 1396:Sheffield Galleries and Museums Trust 1120:Mundella tendered his resignation to 1006:. He expanded the board to include a 932:to provide cheap meals for children. 146:18 August 1892 – 28 May 1894 2632: 2583: 2215:Guide to Australian Business Records 1844: 1645: 1564:particularly in the breeding period. 1138:Mundella at the House of Commons by 776:, and, secondly, the passing of the 3800:Presidents of Co-operative Congress 2744:, volume al8, Issue 1–2, April 1948 2649: 2417:from the original on 13 August 2020 2411:"AJ Black, Portrait of AJ Mundella" 2398: 2290:. api.parliament.uk. Archived from 2202: 2107:. api.parliament.uk. Archived from 2091:, FWS Craig, Dartmouth: Gower, 1989 1897:, volume al8, Issue 1–2, April 1948 1358:. She was distressed by his death. 624: 420:Mundella had always been a regular 297:from 1868 to 1897. He served under 24: 2725: 2379:"A.J.Mundella by W.H.G.Armytage", 2221:from the original on 12 March 2014 2089:British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987 2000:"Nottingham Manufacturing Company" 520:Carte de visite of Mundella, c1865 334:Anthony John Mundella was born in 25: 3841: 3825:English people of Italian descent 2370:Ernest Benn Limited, London, 1951 1872:Anthony John Mundella (1825—1897) 1518:Cyril Flower, 1st Baron Battersea 1461:Caricature, chromolithograph: by 1452:National Portrait Gallery, London 496:In 1860, a series of strikes and 3830:19th-century English politicians 3820:Presidents of the Board of Trade 3713: 3009:Presidents of the Board of Trade 2799:Parliament of the United Kingdom 2717:. britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk. 2240:Dictionary of National Biography 2139:, Hawkhurst, Kent, England, 1999 1278: 998:papers. He established a labour 909:. Mundella further instituted a 821:Secretary of State for Education 2960:President of the Board of Trade 2933:President of the Board of Trade 2784:University of Sheffield Library 2703: 2645:. digitalarchive.parliament.uk. 2608: 2570: 2561: 2549: 2537: 2528: 2499: 2490: 2481: 2469: 2438: 2429: 2386: 2373: 2364: 2351: 2324: 2298: 2280: 2271: 2258: 2245: 2233: 2190: 2178: 2166: 2154: 2142: 2082: 2070: 2058: 1992: 1960: 1951: 1624: 1615: 1606: 1593: 1580: 1567: 1557: 1548: 980:President of the Board of Trade 782:Criminal Law Amendment Act 1871 731:sexually transmitted infections 448:In 1848 Mundella was offered a 307:President of the Board of Trade 77:President of the Board of Trade 2197:Gladstone Letter Book for 1894 2185:National Education Association 1813: 1539: 1516:Photograph, albumen print: by 1410:The Nottingham Emmanuel School 1251:A biography finally appeared. 1108: 772:which replaced the repressive 770:Employers and Workmen Act 1875 664: 629:Mundella took his seat in the 13: 1: 2447:, London Letter, 23 July 1897 1638: 1601:Railway and Canal Traffic Act 864: 854:Elementary Education Act 1880 841:Lord President of the Council 795:from 15 March to 15 June for 699:Elementary Education Act 1870 329: 61: 3810:Fellows of the Royal Society 3755:British Secretaries of State 839:Despite being junior to the 364:background, he attended the 7: 2953:Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Bt 2742:The Economic History Review 2713:The Illustrated London News 2002:. knittingtogether.org.uk. 1895:The Economic History Review 1526:The Illustrated London News 1437:James Jacques Joseph Tissot 1340:Fellow of the Royal Society 976:Chancellor of the Exchequer 360:Though from a Catholic and 183:Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Bt 10: 3846: 3750:Politicians from Sheffield 3745:Politicians from Leicester 2556:Life of John Viriamu Jones 2546:, Henry James, 12 May 1897 1201:St Margaret's, Westminster 788:the work of trade unions. 31: 3711: 3015: 2966: 2957: 2949: 2939: 2930: 2922: 2912: 2903: 2895: 2890: 2880: 2869:Member of Parliament for 2867: 2862: 2818:Member of Parliament for 2816: 2804: 2797: 2766:Sheffield Daily Telegraph 2523:Sheffield Daily Telegraph 2521:"Mr.Mundella's Pension", 2445:Sheffield Daily Telegraph 2149:Letters of Queen Victoria 1948:, London, 11 January 1952 1752:Sheffield Daily Telegraph 1211:for transfer by train to 968:Irish Parliamentary Party 649:on 16 February 1869. The 645:and in doing so made his 530:limited liability company 305:from 1880 to 1885 and as 271: 263: 253: 245: 229: 209: 204: 200: 188: 176: 160: 150: 139: 127: 115: 103: 93: 82: 75: 71: 53: 41: 2668:"Rt Hon A J Mundella MP" 1532: 1379:Portrait in oil: by Sir 1269:Encyclopaedia Britannica 1182: 739:Factory and Workshop Act 726:Contagious Diseases Acts 2857:Constituency abolished 2544:Mundella Correspondence 2476:Nottingham Evening Post 2163:, 4 August 1883, London 2137:The Freshwater Informer 2037:Clark, Gregory (2017). 1467:Sir Leslie Matthew Ward 1456:University of Sheffield 1406:Mundella Grammar School 1170:Opposition frontbencher 1087:North Sea Fisheries Act 1034:(commonly known as the 1022:Opposition frontbencher 964:Charles Stewart Parnell 954:Opposition frontbencher 918:South Kensington Museum 774:Master and Servant Acts 655:William Ewart Gladstone 346:trade. His mother made 299:William Ewart Gladstone 167:William Ewart Gladstone 110:William Ewart Gladstone 3815:Sheriffs of Nottingham 2943:Hon. Frederick Stanley 2850:Charles Stuart-Wortley 2321:, London, 22 July 1897 1946:John O'London's Weekly 1588:agriculture department 1196: 1151:Government backbencher 1143: 1059: 870: 753:Opposition backbencher 694: 643:Speech from the Throne 576:Election to parliament 536:in the United States. 521: 134:Hon. Frederick Stanley 2760:Sheffield Independent 2711:"Search AJ Mundella, 2331:Sheffield Independent 2268:, London, 19 May 1894 1839:Anthony John Mundella 1808:Sheffield Independent 1419:Bust, marble: by Sir 1414:Bromley House Library 1392:Royal Academy of Arts 1381:Arthur Stockdale Cope 1231:Legacy and reputation 1194: 1137: 1056:Arthur Stockdale Cope 1053: 862: 733:were under that age. 688: 672:private member's bill 545:sheriff of Nottingham 519: 278:Anthony John Mundella 18:Anthony John Mundella 2926:Hon. Edward Stanhope 2916:Hon. Edward Stanhope 2899:Lord George Hamilton 2871:Sheffield Brightside 2111:on 28 September 2020 2065:Victorian Nottingham 1448:Houses of Parliament 1296:Thomas Chambers Hine 845:elementary education 680:Trade Union Act 1871 619:Sheffield Brightside 444:Manufacturing career 320:industrial relations 171:The Earl of Rosebery 122:Hon. Edward Stanhope 44:The Right Honourable 3295:Parkinson-Fortescue 2840:John Arthur Roebuck 2808:John Arthur Roebuck 2697:"Mundella Cartoons" 2594:Sheffield Telegraph 2578:Sheffield Telegraph 2525:, 14 September 1895 2464:Westminster Gazette 2413:. mundella.org.uk. 2359:The Mundella Papers 1769:Call Back Yesterday 1487:John Benjamin Stone 1465:, the pseudonym of 1435:, the pseudonym of 1388:Sheffield Telegraph 1374:Mundella likenesses 1344:Sunday School Union 1166:schools in London. 1140:John Benjamin Stone 899:university colleges 882:, establishing the 2891:Political offices 2884:Frederick Maddison 2845:Samuel Danks Waddy 2699:. sheffield.ac.uk. 2615:Nottingham Journal 2596:, 12 December 1894 2288:"Historic Hansard" 2033:Retail Price Index 1421:Joseph Edgar Boehm 1285:Kibworth Beauchamp 1209:St Pancras station 1197: 1144: 1060: 1036:Children's Charter 871: 712:. He attacked the 695: 615:Reform Act of 1867 522: 507:continental Europe 27:British politician 3722: 3721: 2976: 2975: 2967:Succeeded by 2940:Succeeded by 2913:Succeeded by 2881:Succeeded by 2782:Mundella Papers, 2643:"A J Mundella MP" 2617:,10 December 1898 2576:"London Letter", 1511:Alexander Bassano 886:in October 1881. 819:(in other words, 693:, 9 December 1871 557:Robin Hood Rifles 376:and disliked the 366:Church of England 275: 274: 16:(Redirected from 3837: 3795:UK MPs 1895–1900 3790:UK MPs 1892–1895 3785:UK MPs 1886–1892 3780:UK MPs 1885–1886 3775:UK MPs 1880–1885 3770:UK MPs 1874–1880 3765:UK MPs 1868–1874 3717: 3190:Vesey-Fitzgerald 3002: 2995: 2988: 2979: 2978: 2950:Preceded by 2923:Preceded by 2896:Preceded by 2864:New constituency 2805:Preceded by 2795: 2794: 2740:, WHG Armytage, 2719: 2718: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2693: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2664: 2647: 2646: 2639: 2630: 2627: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2590: 2581: 2574: 2568: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2519: 2510: 2505:LJ Jennings MP, 2503: 2497: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2407: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2377: 2371: 2368: 2362: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2316: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2269: 2262: 2256: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2130: 2121: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2101: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2074: 2068: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2029: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 1996: 1990: 1983: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1942: 1925: 1919: 1910: 1907: 1898: 1893:, WHG Armytage, 1888: 1875: 1865: 1842: 1832: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1772: 1766: 1755: 1749: 1732: 1726: 1677: 1671: 1656: 1652: 1632: 1628: 1622: 1619: 1613: 1610: 1604: 1597: 1591: 1584: 1578: 1571: 1565: 1561: 1555: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1429:chromolithograph 1308:Stanhope Gardens 1273:English Heritage 1217:St Mary's church 930:local government 911:Royal Commission 891:higher education 876:South Kensington 869: 866: 825:privy councillor 631:House of Commons 625:Political career 592:general election 291:Cabinet Minister 284: 236: 225:, Leicestershire 219: 217: 205:Personal details 191: 179: 163: 144: 130: 118: 106: 87: 66: 63: 58: 39: 38: 21: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3835: 3834: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3718: 3709: 3420:Cunliffe-Lister 3410:Cunliffe-Lister 3011: 3006: 2972: 2963: 2955: 2945: 2936: 2928: 2918: 2909: 2901: 2886: 2874: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2835:George Hadfield 2831: 2823: 2814: 2812:George Hadfield 2810: 2728: 2726:Further reading 2723: 2722: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2695: 2694: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2666: 2665: 2650: 2641: 2640: 2633: 2628: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2591: 2584: 2580:, 28 March 1894 2575: 2571: 2566: 2562: 2554: 2550: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2520: 2513: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2451: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2420: 2418: 2409: 2408: 2399: 2391: 2387: 2381:Third Programme 2378: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2356: 2352: 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2145: 2138: 2135:, Bill Lucy, 2134: 2129: 2127: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2098: 2090: 2085: 2078: 2073: 2066: 2061: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2005: 2001: 1995: 1988: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1968: 1963: 1954: 1947: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1906: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1821: 1816: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1753: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1730: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1627: 1618: 1609: 1602: 1596: 1589: 1583: 1576: 1570: 1560: 1551: 1542: 1538: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1504:albumen print 1501: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1457: 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