1910:
dissociates and affects intracellular messaging including downstream signaling accomplished through various intermediaries such as cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, calcium, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a ubiquitous transcription factor thought to play an important role in immune-cell chemotaxis, proinflammatory cytokine production, expression of cell adhesion molecules, and other allergic and inflammatory conditions.1,8,12,30–32 ... For example, the H1-receptor promotes NF-κB in both a constitutive and agonist-dependent manner and all clinically available H1-antihistamines inhibit constitutive H1-receptor-mediated NF-κB production ...
1753:
activity. Upon study of records in mouse studies associated with 40 common medications ranging from antibiotics, antihistamines, aspirin, and hydrocortisone, that for subjects with melanoma and lung cancers, fexofenadine, one of three medications, along with loratadine, and cetirizine, that target histamine receptor H1 (HRH1), demonstrated significantly higher survival rates and had experienced restored T-cell anti-tumor activity, ultimately inhibiting tumor growth in the subject animals. Such results encourage further study in order to see whether results in humans is similar in combating resistance to immunotherapy.
40:
709:
to a much lesser extent than the first-generation antihistamines. They minimize sedatory effects due to their focused effect on peripheral histamine receptors. However, upon high doses second-generation antihistamines will begin to act on the central nervous system and thus can induce drowsiness when
597:
receptor and heightens the receptor's activity; the receptor antagonists work by binding to the receptor and blocking the activation of the receptor by histamine; by comparison, the inverse agonists bind to the receptor and both block the binding of histamine, and reduce its constitutive activity, an
1743:
Also, most of the research has been on caucasians and other ethnic groups are not as represented in the research. The evidence does not report how antihistamines affect women differently than men. Different studies have reported on antihistamine use in children, with various studies finding evidence
1718:
Not much published research exists which compares the efficacy and safety of the various antihistamines available. The research which does exist is mostly short-term studies or studies which look at too few people to make general assumptions. Another gap in the research is in information reporting
1909:
The H1-receptor is a transmembrane protein belonging to the G-protein coupled receptor family. Signal transduction from the extracellular to the intracellular environment occurs as the GCPR becomes activated after binding of a specific ligand or agonist. A subunit of the G-protein subsequently
1752:
Research regarding the effects of commonly used medications upon certain cancer therapies has suggested that when consumed in conjunction with immune checkpoint inhibitors some may influence the response of subjects to that particular treatment whose T-cell functions were failing in anti-tumor
2368:"Pharmacological properties of ABT-239 [4-(2-{2-[(2R)-2-Methylpyrrolidinyl]ethyl}-benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile]: II. Neurophysiological characterization and broad preclinical efficacy in cognition and schizophrenia of a potent and selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist"
2456:
Esbenshade TA, Fox GB, Krueger KM, Baranowski JL, Miller TR, Kang CH, Denny LI, Witte DG, Yao BB, Pan JB, Faghih R, Bennani YL, Williams M, Hancock AA (September 2004). "Pharmacological and behavioral properties of A-349821, a selective and potent human histamine H3 receptor antagonist".
2365:
Fox GB, Esbenshade TA, Pan JB, Radek RJ, Krueger KM, Yao BB, Browman KE, Buckley MJ, Ballard ME, Komater VA, Miner H, Zhang M, Faghih R, Rueter LE, Bitner RS, Drescher KU, Wetter J, Marsh K, Lemaire M, Porsolt RD, Bennani YL, Sullivan JP, Cowart MD, Decker MW, Hancock AA (April 2005).
1731:
wrote that "ost people can safely take antihistamines" but that "ome antihistamines may not be suitable" for young children, the pregnant or breastfeeding, for those taking other medicines, or people with conditions "such as heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease or epilepsy".
1719:
the health effects for individuals with long-term allergies who take antihistamines for a long period of time. Newer antihistamines have been demonstrated to be effective in treating hives. However, there is no research comparing the relative efficacy of these drugs.
1735:
Most studies of antihistamines reported on people who are younger, so the effects on people over age 65 are not as well understood. Older people are more likely to experience drowsiness from antihistamine use than younger people. Continuous and/or cumulative use of
1299:. Some formulations are available over the counter. Most side effects are due to cross-reactivity with unintended receptors. Cimetidine, for example, is notorious for antagonizing androgenic testosterone and DHT receptors at high doses.
279:
Although the general public typically uses the word "antihistamine" to describe drugs for treating allergies, physicians and scientists use the term to describe a class of drug that opposes the activity of
1912:
Importantly, because antihistamines can theoretically behave as inverse agonists or neutral antagonists, they are more properly described as H1-antihistamines rather than H1-receptor antagonists.15
2160:
Lee HE, Chang IK, Lee Y, Kim CD, Seo YJ, Lee JH, Im M (2014). "Effect of antihistamine as an adjuvant treatment of isotretinoin in acne: a randomized, controlled comparative study".
1650:
The introduction of the first-generation antihistamines marked the beginning of medical treatment of nasal allergies. Research into these drugs led to the discovery that they were
264:
with few side effects. Antihistamines are usually for short-term treatment. Chronic allergies increase the risk of health problems which antihistamines might not treat, including
1611:(Antergan) was the first clinically useful antihistamine and was introduced for medical use in 1942. Subsequently, many other antihistamines were developed and marketed.
1823:
2330:
Yoneyama H, et al. (March 2008). "Efficient approaches to S-alkyl-N-alkylisothioureas: syntheses of histamine H3 antagonist clobenpropit and its analogues".
3591:
824:
115:
1871:"Antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic properties of the nonsedating second-generation antihistamine desloratadine: a review of the evidence"
661:
1631:(Atarax, Vistaril), an antihistamine used specifically as a sedative and tranquilizer, was developed in 1956. The first non-sedating antihistamine was
2922:
4271:
4743:
4738:
4678:
4638:
4547:
4527:
4246:
4166:
4146:
4773:
4708:
4653:
4537:
4281:
4221:
4201:
4191:
4106:
4076:
3801:
2889:
649:, the transcription factor the regulates inflammatory processes, is promoted by both the receptor's constitutive activity and agonist (i.e.,
5148:
5070:
4949:
4768:
4733:
4668:
4658:
4542:
4532:
4522:
4517:
4291:
4241:
4101:
4086:
4081:
4061:
1740:
medications, including first-generation antihistamines, is associated with higher risk for cognitive decline and dementia in older people.
2711:
Jones, AW (January 2016). "Perspectives in Drug
Development and Clinical Pharmacology: The Discovery of Histamine H1 and H2 Antagonists".
4929:
4778:
4763:
4723:
4688:
4552:
4296:
4256:
4236:
4226:
4136:
3584:
1337:
4899:
4512:
1980:
Leurs R, Church MK, Taglialatela M (April 2002). "H1-antihistamines: inverse agonism, anti-inflammatory actions and cardiac effects".
4894:
4889:
5602:
5110:
2954:
2414:
1744:
that certain antihistamines could be used by children 2 years of age, and other drugs being safer for younger or older children.
5115:
3577:
660:
A combination of these effects, and in some cases metabolic ones as well, lead to most first-generation antihistamines having
2661:
2634:
2607:
2574:
2547:
2520:
2306:
2841:"Drugs with anticholinergic properties, cognitive decline, and dementia in an elderly general population: the 3-city study"
2764:
2413:
Ligneau X, Lin J, Vanni-Mercier G, Jouvet M, Muir JL, Ganellin CR, Stark H, Elz S, Schunack W, Schwartz J (November 1998).
1836:
4604:
3644:
276:. Consultation of a medical professional is recommended for those who intend to take antihistamines for longer-term use.
5755:
5699:
3184:
5408:
3194:
273:
5592:
5141:
2121:"Appraisal of the validity of histamine-induced wheal and flare to predict the clinical efficacy of antihistamines"
671:
and to some extent with non-opioid ones as well. The most common antihistamines utilized for this purpose include
5774:
5688:
1623:(Phenergan) was synthesized in 1947 and launched in 1949. By 1950, at least 20 antihistamines had been marketed.
1599:
was discovered in 1933 and was the first compound with antihistamine effects to be identified. Piperoxan and its
1296:
702:
480:(vasodilation) by blocking the binding of histamine to its receptors or reducing histamine receptor activity on
5760:
2839:
Carrière, I; Fourrier-Reglat, A; Dartigues, J-F; Rouaud, O; Pasquier, F; Ritchie, K; Ancelin, M-L (July 2009).
5582:
5236:
5230:
2030:
1825:
Using
Antihistamines to Treat Allergies, Hay Fever, & Hives - Comparing Effectiveness, Safety, and Price
5749:
5521:
5105:
2947:
2367:
372:
2919:
2434:
5664:
5437:
5134:
1674:-antihistamines affected the stomach. This history has led to contemporary research into drugs which are
1123:(a close relative of diphenhydramine used mainly as a skeletal muscle relaxant and anti-Parkinsons agent)
497:
5503:
5342:
5329:
5300:
5245:
4385:
3090:
1288:
1189:
1098:
1088:
1072:
5843:
5799:
5316:
1399:. Histamine release in the brain triggers secondary release of excitatory neurotransmitters such as
473:
5693:
5639:
5624:
5596:
5377:
5372:
5363:
4415:
3886:
3380:
3108:
3061:
2913:
2894:
1579:
1029:
971:
961:
891:
765:
755:
332:
182:
5838:
5794:
5765:
5733:
5563:
5368:
5324:
5275:
5206:
3676:
2940:
2759:
1728:
1526:
706:
699:; some may also have intrinsic analgesic properties of their own, orphenadrine being an example.
626:
2909:
5675:
5481:
4306:
2415:"Neurochemical and behavioral effects of ciproxifan, a potent histamine H3-receptor antagonist"
2296:
1675:
1659:
1651:
1354:
1167:
1108:
901:
775:
485:
297:
2651:
2510:
2093:
5806:
5650:
5383:
5270:
5021:
4998:
4815:
4797:
4566:
4469:
3611:
2792:"Cumulative use of strong anticholinergics and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study"
2624:
2564:
2537:
1683:
1486:
1380:
1253:
1130:
1056:
981:
852:
838:
578:
446:
422:
408:
400:
237:
5811:
5655:
5508:
5461:
1552:
791:
1635:(Seldane) and was developed in 1973. Subsequently, other non-sedating antihistamines like
598:
effect which is opposite to histamine's. Most antihistamines are inverse agonists at the H
284:
in the body. In this sense of the word, antihistamines are subclassified according to the
8:
5432:
5220:
3816:
3629:
3312:
3190:
1249:
927:
586:
500:, thereby helping correct problems such as muffled hearing, fullness in the ear and even
426:
213:
133:
127:
5659:
5628:
5359:
5255:
3881:
3811:
3603:
3600:
3303:
3180:
2865:
2840:
2816:
2791:
2736:
2395:
2272:
2239:
2203:
Layton AM (2016). "Top Ten List of
Clinical Pearls in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris".
2185:
2070:
2053:
2005:
1950:
1925:
1895:
1870:
922:
418:
281:
150:
2677:
Ostrom, NK (2014). "The history and progression of treatments for allergic rhinitis".
2137:
2120:
5728:
5633:
5456:
5249:
5016:
4367:
2870:
2821:
2728:
2690:
2657:
2630:
2603:
2570:
2543:
2516:
2474:
2426:
2387:
2347:
2312:
2302:
2277:
2259:
2220:
2177:
2142:
2075:
1997:
1993:
1955:
1926:"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVIII. Histamine Receptors"
1900:
1832:
1600:
527:
462:
344:
217:
145:
2838:
2807:
2740:
2399:
2009:
5718:
5512:
5427:
5181:
4493:
4360:
3976:
3836:
3756:
3523:
3225:
3067:
3047:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2811:
2803:
2720:
2682:
2595:
2466:
2379:
2339:
2267:
2251:
2212:
2189:
2169:
2132:
2065:
1989:
1945:
1937:
1890:
1882:
1819:
1146:
829:
688:
454:
241:
60:
1595:
receptor antagonists were discovered in the 1930s and were marketed in the 1940s.
347:(e.g., itching, runny nose, and sneezing). In addition, they may be used to treat
5646:
5558:
5396:
5391:
5261:
5225:
5215:
5198:
3896:
3856:
3831:
3716:
3538:
3250:
3170:
3057:
3026:
2926:
2787:
2508:
1886:
1762:
1737:
1612:
1569:
1412:
1245:
1052:
1019:
951:
940:
872:
848:
797:
630:
590:
430:
188:
138:
3569:
2754:
5338:
5193:
5176:
4944:
4473:
4363:
4186:
4126:
4041:
3876:
3821:
3791:
3751:
3741:
3736:
3518:
3483:
3415:
3332:
3317:
3293:
3268:
3263:
3175:
3130:
3123:
2255:
1624:
1616:
1205:
1046:
932:
912:
862:
858:
834:
696:
261:
2470:
2316:
2216:
5832:
5574:
5473:
5465:
5448:
5387:
4459:
4455:
4419:
4379:
4322:
4318:
4181:
4131:
4021:
4006:
3931:
3926:
3731:
3493:
3365:
3342:
3321:
3283:
3278:
3230:
3042:
2976:
2686:
2263:
1767:
1608:
1561:
1404:
1261:
1227:
1040:
917:
818:
807:
751:
733:
552:
519:
392:
324:
289:
2599:
2383:
1101:, also has antiemetic and appetite-stimulating effects; trade name: Remeron)
5553:
5419:
5402:
5157:
5075:
4979:
4919:
4840:
4713:
4497:
4489:
4481:
4477:
4463:
4427:
4423:
4409:
4338:
4310:
4176:
4161:
4046:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4001:
3996:
3966:
3946:
3936:
3901:
3851:
3781:
3701:
3558:
3548:
3458:
3438:
3427:
3405:
3395:
3385:
3240:
3145:
3095:
3082:
2967:
2874:
2825:
2732:
2694:
2478:
2391:
2351:
2281:
2224:
2181:
2001:
1959:
1904:
1702:
The United States government removed two second generation antihistamines,
1644:
1620:
1534:
1498:
1465:
1439:
1392:
1292:
1269:
1210:
1151:
1136:
1120:
1000:
887:
771:
737:
692:
676:
477:
466:
388:
288:
receptor that they act upon. The two largest classes of antihistamines are
233:
120:
2430:
2146:
2079:
1941:
1710:, from the market based on evidence that they could cause heart problems.
514:, and inflammatory responses are suppressed by antihistamines that act on
5710:
5683:
5616:
5309:
5189:
5060:
5031:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4939:
4904:
4845:
4820:
4783:
4693:
4614:
4609:
4501:
4451:
4431:
4405:
4397:
4350:
4346:
4330:
4286:
4251:
4231:
4211:
4206:
4091:
4056:
4016:
3981:
3971:
3956:
3921:
3911:
3891:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3826:
3776:
3771:
3761:
3706:
3681:
3649:
3634:
3533:
3463:
3448:
3443:
3423:
3400:
3390:
3375:
3370:
3288:
3235:
3220:
3210:
3200:
3150:
3135:
3100:
3011:
1703:
1632:
1628:
1503:
1185:
1141:
1126:
1114:
1094:
1068:
1011:
946:
868:
729:
724:
672:
515:
489:
396:
328:
221:
1395:
located on histaminergic nerve terminals, which modulate the release of
5536:
5351:
5080:
4969:
4934:
4914:
4909:
4853:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4728:
4718:
4698:
4683:
4673:
4663:
4648:
4643:
4443:
4371:
4342:
4334:
4261:
4196:
4156:
4151:
4116:
4111:
4071:
4066:
3991:
3916:
3841:
3806:
3796:
3766:
3746:
3726:
3686:
3553:
3528:
3433:
3357:
3352:
3337:
3273:
3258:
3118:
3072:
3052:
3006:
2996:
2991:
2932:
1707:
1640:
1636:
1627:(Piriton), a less sedating antihistamine, was synthesized in 1951, and
1574:
1449:
1372:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1173:
1163:
1157:
1104:
1062:
1025:
1015:
1006:
977:
936:
882:
842:
812:
781:
741:
668:
634:
320:
257:
30:
2343:
2173:
645:-antihistamines can also reduce inflammation, since the expression of
201:
5545:
5495:
5126:
5065:
5026:
4974:
4924:
4825:
4703:
4599:
4584:
4447:
4435:
4401:
4389:
4375:
4326:
4314:
4276:
4266:
4216:
4171:
4121:
4096:
4011:
3986:
3961:
3951:
3941:
3906:
3846:
3786:
3721:
3711:
3691:
3639:
3487:
3453:
3347:
3327:
3160:
3155:
3140:
3113:
3037:
3016:
3001:
2724:
1694:
receptor antagonist to treat allergies use a second-generation drug.
1596:
1557:
1459:
1454:
1424:
1400:
1396:
1376:
1195:
1179:
1084:
1078:
1035:
995:
957:
907:
897:
802:
786:
761:
650:
614:
493:
450:
356:
285:
269:
229:
225:
602:
receptor, but it was previously thought that they were antagonists.
565:-antihistamines refer to compounds that inhibit the activity of the
5586:
5085:
5044:
4984:
4879:
4874:
4858:
4594:
4589:
4485:
4393:
4354:
4141:
3696:
3513:
3215:
3077:
2590:
Moncrieff, Joanna (2013). "Chlorpromazine: The First Wonder Drug".
1604:
1539:
1508:
990:
984:
745:
638:
618:
610:
522:
were found to be effective to complement standardized treatment of
501:
348:
245:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
646:
5210:
4884:
4835:
4622:
4439:
3657:
3543:
3504:
3419:
2054:"Evidence of a dual role of endogenous histamine in angiogenesis"
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1444:
1265:
967:
876:
684:
680:
458:
376:
352:
2294:
5723:
5292:
5172:
5039:
4830:
2485:
1268:
mucosa, which are part of the endogenous signaling pathway for
665:
511:
265:
253:
2562:
2509:
Ralph Landau; Basil
Achilladelis; Alexander Scriabine (1999).
2455:
1966:
1391:
receptors are primarily found in the brain and are inhibitory
99:
2412:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
531:
481:
249:
2295:
Thomas L. Lemke; David A. Williams, eds. (24 January 2012).
232:. Typically, people take antihistamines as an inexpensive,
39:
566:
523:
507:
380:
364:
336:
312:
170:
165:
160:
155:
93:
75:
2329:
1853:
713:
2890:
2626:
Frontiers in
Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Allergy Agents
2419:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
2372:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
465:— a runny nose and watery eyes. Histamine also promotes
84:
66:
2785:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
2512:
Pharmaceutical
Innovation: Revolutionizing Human Health
1979:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
433:
at histamine receptors. Only a few currently marketed H
1287:-antihistamines are among first-line therapy to treat
1160:(crosses the blood–brain barrier; produces drowsiness)
437:-antihistamines are known to function as antagonists.
2364:
2301:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1053–.
1520:
1280:
signaling thus reduce the secretion of gastric acid.
425:, so antihistamines can function as either a neutral
102:
87:
69:
63:
1779:
1198:(SARI antidepressant/anxiolytic/hypnotic with mild H
90:
72:
2563:János Fischer; C. Robin Ganellin (24 August 2010).
2556:
2238:Church, Diana S; Church, Martin K (15 March 2011).
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
1924:Panula P, Chazot PL, Cowart M, et al. (2015).
96:
81:
78:
2616:
2118:
1923:
1917:
3599:
2288:
2119:Monroe EW, Daly AF, Shalhoub RF (February 1997).
1276:to stimulate acid secretion; drugs that inhibit H
5830:
2016:
1818:
16:Drug that blocks histamine or histamine agonists
2515:. Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp. 230–.
2649:
2622:
2159:
2125:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1868:
1560:stabilizers are drugs which prevent mast cell
472:Antihistamines suppress the histamine-induced
445:Histamine makes blood vessels more permeable (
5142:
3585:
2948:
2706:
2704:
2583:
335:in the brain. Antihistamines that target the
2629:. Bentham Science Publishers. pp. 31–.
2358:
2323:
2237:
1485:-antihistamines inhibit the activity of the
861:(first generation antihistamine marketed in
2786:Gray SL, Anderson ML, Dublin S, Hanlon JT,
2670:
2643:
2535:
2406:
1670:-antihistamines affected the nose and the H
5149:
5135:
3592:
3578:
2955:
2941:
2701:
2542:. Harvard University Press. pp. 77–.
2045:
1619:(Pyribenzamine) was patented in 1946, and
1515:
38:
5350:
2912:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2864:
2815:
2713:Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development
2594:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 20–38.
2589:
2529:
2271:
2202:
2136:
2069:
1949:
1894:
1747:
1647:(Allegra) were developed and introduced.
530:properties and their ability to suppress
2962:
2656:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 406–.
2298:Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry
2153:
1546:
1272:secretion. Normally, histamine acts on H
679:(enzyme induction especially helps with
2569:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 36–.
625:-antihistamines that readily cross the
496:. Antihistamines can also help correct
236:(not patented) drug that can be bought
5831:
5156:
2790:, Walker R, et al. (March 2015).
2676:
2244:The World Allergy Organization Journal
2196:
2051:
1722:
1697:
585:-antihistamines can be either neutral
5130:
3573:
2981:
2936:
2767:from the original on 22 December 2017
2710:
1419:-antihistamines which are sedating, H
1081:(most commonly used as an antiemetic)
593:. Normally, histamine binds to the H
1615:(Benadryl) was synthesized in 1943,
1472:
1344:
1217:
542:
399:). Other antihistamines also target
311:-antihistamines work by binding to
13:
5756:Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
5700:Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor
3857:Etybenzatropine (ethylbenztropine)
2650:Walter Sneader (31 October 2005).
2539:The Creation of Psychopharmacology
2094:"Best Antihistamine for Tinnitus?"
2033:. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology
1835:: Consumer Reports, archived from
1521:Histidine decarboxylase inhibitors
1427:and cognition-modulating effects.
609:-antihistamines are used to treat
518:. In 2014, antihistamines such as
14:
5855:
5647:Acetylcholine receptor antagonist
5409:Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
2903:
1982:Clinical and Experimental Allergy
637:, may therefore be used to treat
379:. Antihistamines that target the
274:lower respiratory tract infection
3038:Bromazine (bromodiphenhydramine)
2887:Manjarrez, Alejandra Manjarrez,
2566:Analogue-based Drug Discovery II
2332:The Journal of Organic Chemistry
2240:"Pharmacology of Antihistamines"
1994:10.1046/j.0954-7894.2002.01314.x
1022:; trade names: Atarax, Vistaril)
703:Second-generation antihistamines
449:), causing fluid to escape from
59:
5775:Vasopressin receptor antagonist
5689:Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
5111:Monoamine metabolism modulators
2881:
2832:
2808:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7663
2779:
2747:
2623:Atta-ur-Rahman (11 July 2018).
2449:
2231:
1658:and also to the development of
1297:gastroesophageal reflux disease
629:; some of these drugs, such as
440:
5761:Endothelin receptor antagonist
5625:Acetylcholine receptor agonist
5384:Adrenergic receptor antagonist
3294:Tripelennamine (pyribenzamine)
2857:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.229
2679:Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
2112:
2086:
1869:Canonica GW, Blaiss M (2011).
1375:used to inhibit the action of
345:allergic reactions in the nose
331:in the body as well as in the
1:
5593:Glutamate receptor antagonist
5509:Serotonin receptor antagonist
5462:Histamine receptor antagonist
5237:Negative allosteric modulator
5231:Positive allosteric modulator
5116:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
5106:Receptor/signaling modulators
2845:Archives of Internal Medicine
2138:10.1016/s0091-6749(97)70128-3
1773:
710:ingested in higher quantity.
457:, which leads to the classic
5750:Adenosine reuptake inhibitor
5684:Cannabinoid receptor agonist
5603:Glutamate reuptake inhibitor
5522:Serotonin reuptake inhibitor
5433:Dopamine receptor antagonist
3168:Phenylpyridinylpropanamines:
2162:J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol
1887:10.1097/WOX.0b013e3182093e19
1415:. Consequently, unlike the H
718:antagonists/inverse agonists
621:is a common side effect of H
355:caused by problems with the
7:
5438:Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
5360:Adrenergic receptor agonist
4739:Quisultazine (quisultidine)
4386:Tetracyclic antidepressants
3091:Diphenylmethanolpiperidines
1756:
1713:
1289:gastrointestinal conditions
498:Eustachian Tube dysfunction
10:
5860:
5729:Opioid receptor antagonist
5583:Glutamate receptor agonist
5504:Serotonin receptor agonist
5457:Histamine receptor agonist
3702:Benzatropine (benztropine)
2256:10.1097/1939-4551-4-S3-S22
1690:. Most people who use an H
1586:
1550:
1352:
1244:-antihistamines, exist as
1225:
1190:tetracyclic antidepressant
1099:tetracyclic antidepressant
1089:tetracyclic antidepressant
1073:tetracyclic antidepressant
980:(most commonly used as an
664:(potentiating) effects on
550:
5787:
5742:
5709:
5674:
5615:
5573:
5544:
5535:
5494:
5447:
5428:Dopamine receptor agonist
5418:
5337:
5323:
5308:
5291:
5284:
5164:
5098:
5053:
5009:
4997:
4867:
4808:
4796:
4631:
4577:
4565:
4416:Tricyclic antidepressants
4272:Sequifenadine (bicarphen)
3666:
3622:
3610:
3502:
3472:
3302:
3249:
3109:Diphenylmethylpiperazines
3035:Diarylmethoxyalkylamines:
3025:
2975:
2929:information at Allergy UK
2681:. 35 Suppl 1 (3): S3–10.
2653:Drug Discovery: A History
2536:David Healy (July 2009).
2471:10.1016/j.bcp.2004.05.048
2217:10.1016/j.det.2015.11.008
1434:-antihistamines include:
240:and provides relief from
200:
195:
181:
176:
144:
126:
114:
54:
49:
37:
28:
23:
5694:Endocannabinoid enhancer
5640:Cholinesterase inhibitor
5559:GABA receptor antagonist
4054:Second/third-generation:
3887:Hydroxyethylpromethazine
3381:Hydroxyethylpromethazine
2914:Medical Subject Headings
2687:10.2500/aap.2014.35.3758
2459:Biochemical Pharmacology
1030:tricyclic antidepressant
972:tricyclic antidepressant
962:tricyclic antidepressant
892:tricyclic antidepressant
766:tricyclic antidepressant
756:tricyclic antidepressant
537:
363:-antihistamines bind to
333:tuberomammillary nucleus
5734:Enkephalinase inhibitor
5724:Opioid receptor agonist
5564:GABA reuptake inhibitor
5269:♦ Miscellaneous:
4694:Lavoltidine (loxtidine)
4307:Atypical antipsychotics
4252:Quifenadine (phencarol)
3917:Mepyramine (pyrilamine)
3677:4-Methyldiphenhydramine
3554:Mepyramine (pyrilamine)
3274:Mepyramine (pyrilamine)
2600:10.1057/9781137277442_2
2384:10.1124/jpet.104.078402
1729:National Health Service
1527:histidine decarboxylase
1516:Atypical antihistamines
1430:Examples of selective H
1371:is a classification of
1240:-antihistamines, like H
1170:; trade name: Seroquel)
904:; trade name: Clozaril)
5317:Ion channel modulators
4470:Typical antipsychotics
2796:JAMA Internal Medicine
1748:Potential uses studied
1607:to be used in humans.
1525:Inhibit the action of
1192:, trade name: Tecipul)
1168:atypical antipsychotic
1111:; trade name: Zyprexa)
1109:atypical antipsychotic
902:atypical antipsychotic
778:, trade name: Abilify)
776:atypical antipsychotic
486:vascular smooth muscle
373:gastrointestinal tract
351:, motion sickness, or
238:without a prescription
5554:GABA receptor agonist
4436:dosulepin (dothiepin)
2925:22 April 2017 at the
1942:10.1124/pr.114.010249
1875:World Allergy Organ J
1682:and which affect the
1547:Mast cell stabilizers
1423:-antihistamines have
1131:typical antipsychotic
1057:typical antipsychotic
855:, trade name: Truxal)
853:typical antipsychotic
839:typical antipsychotic
825:Chlorodiphenhydramine
579:constitutive activity
447:vascular permeability
423:constitutive activity
3313:Dibenzocycloheptenes
2910:Histamine+antagonist
2763:. 28 February 2020.
2250:(Suppl 3): S22–S27.
1688:receptor antagonists
1680:receptor antagonists
1664:receptor antagonists
1656:receptor antagonists
1564:. Examples include:
1553:Mast cell stabilizer
1493:. Examples include:
1407:via stimulation of H
1260:found mainly in the
792:Bromodiphenhydramine
617:-related disorders.
587:receptor antagonists
5770:receptor antagonist
3817:Dexchlorpheniramine
3630:2-Pyridylethylamine
3191:Dexchlorpheniramine
2897:, November 24, 2021
2592:The Bitterest Pills
2100:. 28 September 2021
1723:Special populations
1698:Society and culture
1258:histamine receptors
1188:(or teciptiline, a
928:Dexchlorpheniramine
707:blood–brain barrier
627:blood–brain barrier
488:, glandular cells,
427:receptor antagonist
419:Histamine receptors
375:, primarily in the
282:histamine receptors
151:Histamine receptors
134:Receptor antagonist
128:Mechanism of action
44:Histamine structure
5158:Pharmacomodulation
3882:Homochlorcyclizine
3812:Dexbrompheniramine
3601:Histamine receptor
3181:Dexbrompheniramine
1302:Examples include:
1043:(Livostin/Livocab)
923:Dexbrompheniramine
841:, also used as an
653:) binding at the H
577:receptor exhibits
391:conditions (e.g.,
387:are used to treat
343:are used to treat
169: •
164: •
159: •
154: •
137: •
132: •
5826:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5783:
5782:
5611:
5610:
5531:
5530:
5301:Enzyme inhibition
5124:
5123:
5094:
5093:
5022:α-Methylhistamine
5017:4-Methylhistamine
4993:
4992:
4816:α-Methylhistamine
4792:
4791:
4561:
4560:
4510:Unknown/unsorted:
4368:hydroxynefazodone
3674:First-generation:
3567:
3566:
3480:Phenylpiperazines
2851:(14): 1317–1324.
2663:978-0-470-01552-0
2636:978-1-68108-337-7
2609:978-1-137-27743-5
2576:978-3-527-63212-1
2549:978-0-674-03845-5
2522:978-0-941901-21-5
2344:10.1021/jo702181x
2308:978-1-60913-345-0
2174:10.1111/jdv.12403
2052:Norrby K (1995).
1833:Yonkers, New York
1411:receptors in the
1014:(also used as an
1003:(Allegra/Telfast)
662:analgesic-sparing
528:anti-inflammatory
463:allergic reaction
218:allergic rhinitis
207:
206:
146:Biological target
50:Class identifiers
5851:
5844:Vasoconstrictors
5800:Enzyme cofactors
5719:Opioid modulator
5676:Cannabinoidergic
5542:
5541:
5348:
5347:
5335:
5334:
5289:
5288:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5128:
5127:
5034:
5007:
5006:
4848:
4806:
4805:
4617:
4575:
4574:
4494:prochlorperazine
4361:Phenylpiperazine
3977:Phenyltoloxamine
3837:Diphenylpyraline
3757:Chlorphenoxamine
3652:
3620:
3619:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3524:Chlorphenoxamine
3251:Ethylenediamines
3226:Phenyltoloxamine
3185:+pseudoephedrine
3068:Diphenylpyraline
3048:Chlorphenoxamine
2985:
2983:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2898:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2868:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2755:"Antihistamines"
2751:
2745:
2744:
2725:10.1002/cpdd.236
2708:
2699:
2698:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2506:
2483:
2482:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2433:. Archived from
2410:
2404:
2403:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2140:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2098:Tinnitus and You
2090:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2058:Int J Exp Pathol
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2027:
2014:
2013:
1977:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1898:
1866:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1830:
1820:Consumer Reports
1816:
1727:In 2020, the UK
1246:inverse agonists
1202:blockade action)
1147:Phenyltoloxamine
982:over-the-counter
830:Chlorpheniramine
689:phenyltoloxamine
591:inverse agonists
242:nasal congestion
191:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
42:
21:
20:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5818:
5779:
5769:
5738:
5705:
5670:
5607:
5569:
5527:
5516:
5490:
5485:
5477:
5469:
5443:
5414:
5328:
5319:
5304:
5280:
5226:Inverse agonist
5216:Partial agonist
5160:
5155:
5125:
5120:
5090:
5049:
5032:
5002:
4989:
4863:
4846:
4801:
4788:
4627:
4615:
4570:
4557:
4364:antidepressants
3897:Isopromethazine
3832:Diphenhydramine
3717:Brompheniramine
3662:
3650:
3615:
3606:
3598:
3568:
3563:
3539:Diphenhydramine
3498:
3484:Antidepressants
3468:
3416:Antidepressants
3318:Antidepressants
3298:
3245:
3171:Brompheniramine
3058:Diphenhydramine
3021:
2979:
2971:
2961:
2927:Wayback Machine
2906:
2901:
2886:
2882:
2837:
2833:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2709:
2702:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2507:
2486:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2411:
2407:
2363:
2359:
2338:(6): 2096–104.
2328:
2324:
2309:
2293:
2289:
2236:
2232:
2201:
2197:
2168:(12): 1654–60.
2158:
2154:
2131:(2): S798–806.
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2017:
1978:
1967:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1867:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1828:
1817:
1780:
1776:
1763:Antileukotriene
1759:
1750:
1738:anticholinergic
1725:
1716:
1700:
1693:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1613:Diphenhydramine
1594:
1589:
1584:
1570:Cromolyn sodium
1555:
1549:
1544:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1490:
1484:
1479:
1477:-antihistamines
1476:
1470:
1433:
1422:
1418:
1413:cerebral cortex
1410:
1390:
1384:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1351:
1349:-antihistamines
1348:
1342:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1257:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1224:
1222:-antihistamines
1221:
1215:
1201:
1053:Levomepromazine
1020:motion sickness
952:Diphenhydramine
941:motion sickness
873:motion sickness
871:(also used for
849:Chlorprothixene
798:Brompheniramine
720:
717:
656:
644:
631:diphenhydramine
624:
608:
601:
596:
584:
576:
570:
564:
559:
556:
549:
547:-antihistamines
546:
540:
476:(swelling) and
443:
436:
431:inverse agonist
412:
404:
384:
368:
362:
340:
316:
310:
302:-antihistamines
301:
294:-antihistamines
293:
187:
168:
163:
158:
153:
139:Inverse agonist
136:
62:
58:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5857:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5839:Antihistamines
5824:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5804:
5791:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5662:
5653:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5631:
5621:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5590:
5579:
5577:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5561:
5556:
5550:
5548:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5525:
5519:
5514:
5506:
5500:
5498:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5406:
5400:
5394:
5381:
5375:
5366:
5356:
5354:
5345:
5332:
5321:
5320:
5314:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5297:
5295:
5286:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5266:
5265:
5259:
5253:
5241:
5240:
5234:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5154:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5131:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5011:
5004:
5000:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4945:Iodophenpropit
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4803:
4799:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4506:
4505:
4474:chlorpromazine
4467:
4413:
4383:
4358:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4187:Levocetirizine
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4127:Clobenztropine
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4042:Tripelennamine
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3877:Histapyrrodine
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3822:Dimenhydrinate
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3792:Cyproheptadine
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3752:Chlorphenamine
3749:
3744:
3742:Chloropyramine
3739:
3737:Chlorcyclizine
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3597:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3519:Chloropyramine
3516:
3510:
3508:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3366:Phenothiazines
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3333:Cyproheptadine
3330:
3325:
3308:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3269:Histapyrrodine
3266:
3264:Chloropyramine
3261:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3195:+betamethasone
3188:
3178:
3176:Chlorphenamine
3173:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3131:Chlorcyclizine
3128:
3127:
3126:
3124:Levocetirizine
3116:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3031:
3029:
3027:Diarylmethanes
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2977:Benzimidazoles
2973:
2972:
2964:Antihistamines
2960:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2917:
2905:
2904:External links
2902:
2900:
2899:
2880:
2831:
2802:(3): 401–407.
2778:
2746:
2700:
2669:
2662:
2642:
2635:
2615:
2608:
2582:
2575:
2555:
2548:
2528:
2521:
2484:
2448:
2405:
2357:
2322:
2307:
2287:
2230:
2195:
2152:
2111:
2085:
2044:
2015:
1965:
1930:Pharmacol. Rev
1916:
1852:
1842:on 17 May 2017
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1653:
1643:(Zyrtec), and
1625:Chlorphenamine
1617:tripelennamine
1592:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1551:Main article:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1431:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1388:
1382:
1369:-antihistamine
1366:
1359:-antihistamine
1356:
1353:Main article:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1284:
1277:
1273:
1262:parietal cells
1255:
1252:. They act on
1241:
1237:
1232:-antihistamine
1229:
1226:Main article:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1206:Tripelennamine
1203:
1199:
1193:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1124:
1118:
1117:(used locally)
1112:
1102:
1092:
1082:
1076:
1066:
1060:
1050:
1047:Levocetirizine
1044:
1038:
1033:
1023:
1009:
1004:
998:
993:
988:
975:
965:
955:
949:
944:
933:Dimenhydrinate
930:
925:
920:
915:
913:Cyproheptadine
910:
905:
895:
885:
880:
866:
863:Eastern Europe
859:Chloropyramine
856:
846:
835:Chlorpromazine
832:
827:
822:
816:
810:
805:
800:
795:
789:
784:
779:
769:
759:
749:
727:
721:
719:
715:
712:
697:tripelennamine
654:
642:
622:
613:reactions and
606:
599:
594:
582:
574:
568:
562:
557:-antihistamine
554:
551:Main article:
548:
544:
541:
539:
536:
478:flare response
474:wheal response
442:
439:
434:
410:
402:
382:
366:
360:
338:
314:
308:
299:
291:
262:animal allergy
210:Antihistamines
205:
204:
198:
197:
193:
192:
185:
179:
178:
177:External links
174:
173:
148:
142:
141:
130:
124:
123:
118:
112:
111:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5856:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:Miscellaneous
5786:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5575:Glutamatergic
5572:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5486:
5480:
5478:
5472:
5470:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5449:Histaminergic
5446:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5152:
5147:
5145:
5140:
5138:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5003:
4996:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4795:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4564:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4460:protriptyline
4457:
4456:nortriptyline
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4420:amitriptyline
4417:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4380:triazoledione
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4323:brilaroxazine
4320:
4319:brexpiprazole
4316:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4182:Levocabastine
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4132:Desloratadine
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4022:Thenyldiamine
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4007:Pyrrobutamine
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:Methapyrilene
3930:
3928:
3927:Methafurylene
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3732:Carbinoxamine
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3494:Phenbenzamine
3492:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3343:Desloratadine
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3322:amitriptyline
3319:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3284:Phenbenzamine
3282:
3280:
3279:Methapyrilene
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:Pyrrobutamine
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:Carbinoxamine
3041:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:Antihistamine
2918:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2896:
2895:The Scientist
2892:
2891:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2705:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2465:(5): 933–45.
2464:
2460:
2452:
2437:on 2 May 2020
2436:
2432:
2428:
2425:(2): 658–66.
2424:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2378:(1): 176–90.
2377:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2211:(2): 147–57.
2210:
2206:
2205:Dermatol Clin
2199:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2032:
2031:"H1 receptor"
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:(4): 489–98.
1987:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1936:(3): 601–55.
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1769:
1768:Immunotherapy
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1689:
1681:
1665:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1609:Phenbenzamine
1606:
1602:
1598:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1562:degranulation
1559:
1554:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1414:
1406:
1405:acetylcholine
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:autoreceptors
1386:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:peptic ulcers
1290:
1281:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1233:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:(Alergoliber)
1175:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:(low-potency
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:(low-potency
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:Levocabastine
1039:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
986:
983:
979:
976:
973:
969:
966:
963:
959:
956:
953:
950:
948:
945:
942:
938:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
918:Desloratadine
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
903:
899:
896:
893:
889:
886:
884:
881:
878:
874:
870:
867:
864:
860:
857:
854:
851:(low-potency
850:
847:
844:
840:
837:(low-potency
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
820:
819:Chlophedianol
817:
814:
811:
809:
808:Carbinoxamine
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
777:
773:
770:
767:
763:
760:
757:
753:
752:Amitriptyline
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:phenothiazine
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
711:
708:
704:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
667:
663:
658:
652:
648:
640:
636:
632:
628:
620:
616:
612:
605:Clinically, H
603:
592:
588:
580:
573:. Since the H
572:
558:
535:
533:
529:
526:due to their
525:
521:
520:desloratadine
517:
513:
509:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
438:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
414:
406:
398:
394:
393:peptic ulcers
390:
386:
378:
374:
371:in the upper
370:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
334:
330:
326:
325:smooth muscle
322:
318:
305:
303:
295:
287:
283:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
203:
199:
194:
190:
186:
184:
180:
175:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
149:
147:
143:
140:
135:
131:
129:
125:
122:
119:
117:
113:
107:
57:
55:Pronunciation
53:
48:
41:
36:
33:
32:
27:
24:Antihistamine
22:
19:
5810:
5798:
5496:Serotonergic
5420:Dopaminergic
5299:
5076:Thioperamide
4980:Thioperamide
4920:Clobenpropit
4841:Immethridine
4744:Ramixotidine
4714:Niperotidine
4679:Isolamtidine
4639:Bisfentidine
4548:Trelnarizine
4528:Flotrenizine
4509:
4498:thioridazine
4490:perphenazine
4482:fluphenazine
4478:flupenthixol
4464:trimipramine
4428:clomipramine
4424:butriptyline
4410:oxaprotiline
4339:paliperidone
4311:aripiprazole
4303:
4247:Piclopastine
4177:Latrepirdine
4167:Flezelastine
4162:Fexofenadine
4147:Efletirizine
4053:
4047:Triprolidine
4037:Tolpropamine
4032:Thonzylamine
4027:Thiazinamium
4002:Propiomazine
3997:Promethazine
3967:Phenindamine
3947:Orphenadrine
3937:Methdilazine
3902:Isothipendyl
3852:Etodroxizine
3782:Cloperastine
3673:
3559:Promethazine
3549:Isothipendyl
3479:
3459:Phenindamine
3439:Latrepirdine
3428:trimipramine
3412:
3406:Promethazine
3396:Methdilazine
3386:Isothipendyl
3364:
3311:
3241:Triprolidine
3207:
3167:
3146:Etodroxizine
3107:
3096:Fexofenadine
3089:
3083:Orphenadrine
3034:
2963:
2888:
2883:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2799:
2795:
2781:
2769:. Retrieved
2758:
2749:
2716:
2712:
2678:
2672:
2652:
2645:
2625:
2618:
2591:
2585:
2565:
2558:
2538:
2531:
2511:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2435:the original
2422:
2418:
2408:
2375:
2371:
2360:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2297:
2290:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2097:
2088:
2064:(2): 87–92.
2061:
2057:
2047:
2035:. Retrieved
1985:
1981:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1908:
1881:(2): 47–53.
1878:
1874:
1844:, retrieved
1837:the original
1824:
1751:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1717:
1701:
1649:
1645:fexofenadine
1639:(Claritin),
1621:promethazine
1590:
1556:
1535:Tritoqualine
1524:
1499:Thioperamide
1480:
1466:Thioperamide
1440:Clobenpropit
1429:
1364:
1362:
1301:
1282:
1270:gastric acid
1248:and neutral
1235:
1211:Triprolidine
1152:Promethazine
1137:Phenindamine
1121:Orphenadrine
1001:Fexofenadine
935:(used as an
888:Clomipramine
821:(Clofedanol)
772:Aripiprazole
738:antipruritic
701:
693:orphenadrine
683:and similar
677:promethazine
659:
604:
560:
534:production.
516:H1-receptors
506:
471:
467:angiogenesis
444:
441:Medical uses
417:
389:gastric acid
306:
278:
228:, and other
216:which treat
209:
208:
196:Legal status
29:
18:
5812:Amino acids
5711:Opioidergic
5617:Cholinergic
5330:transporter
5310:Ion channel
5246:Transporter
5190:Ion channel
5061:JNJ-7777120
5054:Antagonists
4965:PF-03654746
4960:NNC 38-1049
4955:JNJ-5207852
4940:Impentamine
4905:Betahistine
4868:Antagonists
4821:Cipralisant
4784:Zolantidine
4774:Venritidine
4709:Mifentidine
4654:Dalcotidine
4632:Antagonists
4610:Impromidine
4538:Napactadine
4502:thiothixene
4452:lofepramine
4432:desipramine
4406:mirtazapine
4398:maprotiline
4351:ziprasidone
4347:risperidone
4331:iloperidone
4287:Terfenadine
4282:Temelastine
4232:Olopatadine
4222:Noberastine
4212:Mizolastine
4207:Mebhydrolin
4202:Mapinastine
4192:Linetastine
4107:Carebastine
4092:Bepotastine
4077:Bamirastine
4057:Acrivastine
4017:Thenalidine
3982:Pimethixene
3972:Pheniramine
3957:Oxomemazine
3922:Mequitazine
3912:Medrylamine
3892:Hydroxyzine
3872:Flunarizine
3867:Fenethazine
3862:Etymemazine
3827:Dimetindene
3802:Decloxizine
3777:Clocinizine
3772:Clobenzepam
3762:Cinnarizine
3707:Bepotastine
3682:Alimemazine
3667:Antagonists
3635:Betahistine
3534:Dimetindene
3464:Pimethixene
3449:Olopatadine
3444:Mebhydrolin
3424:mirtazapine
3401:Oxomemazine
3391:Mequitazine
3376:Fenethazine
3371:Alimemazine
3289:Thenalidine
3236:Quifenadine
3221:Dimetindene
3211:Acrivastine
3201:Pheniramine
3151:Hydroxyzine
3136:Cinnarizine
3101:Terfenadine
3012:Mizolastine
2719:(1): 5–12.
1704:terfenadine
1633:terfenadine
1629:hydroxyzine
1591:The first H
1504:JNJ 7777120
1250:antagonists
1186:Setiptiline
1154:(Phenergan)
1142:Pheniramine
1127:Periciazine
1115:Olopatadine
1095:Mirtazapine
1069:Maprotiline
1012:Hydroxyzine
947:Dimetindene
869:Cinnarizine
794:(Bromazine)
730:Alimemazine
725:Acrivastine
673:hydroxyzine
490:endothelium
451:capillaries
397:acid reflux
381:histamine H
365:histamine H
337:histamine H
329:endothelium
313:histamine H
222:common cold
202:In Wikidata
5833:Categories
5660:Ganglionic
5651:Muscarinic
5629:Muscarinic
5352:Adrenergic
5221:Antagonist
5081:Toreforant
5071:Seliforant
5035:-Histidine
4970:Pitolisant
4950:Irdabisant
4935:GSK-189254
4915:Ciproxifan
4910:Burimamide
4854:Methimepip
4849:-Histidine
4769:Tuvatidine
4759:Sufotidine
4754:Roxatidine
4749:Ranitidine
4734:Pibutidine
4729:Oxmetidine
4719:Nizatidine
4699:Lupitidine
4684:Lafutidine
4674:Famotidine
4669:Etintidine
4664:Ebrotidine
4659:Donetidine
4649:Cimetidine
4644:Burimamide
4618:-Histidine
4543:Tagorizine
4533:GSK1004723
4523:Elbanizine
4518:Belarizine
4444:imipramine
4372:nefazodone
4343:quetiapine
4335:olanzapine
4292:Vapitadine
4262:Rupatadine
4242:Pibaxizine
4197:Loratadine
4157:Epinastine
4152:Emedastine
4117:Clemastine
4112:Cetirizine
4102:Cabastinen
4087:Bepiastine
4082:Barmastine
4072:Azelastine
4067:Astemizole
4062:Alinastine
3992:Pipoxizine
3842:Doxylamine
3807:Deptropine
3797:Dacemazine
3767:Clemastine
3747:Chlorothen
3727:Captodiame
3687:Antazoline
3653:-Histidine
3604:modulators
3529:Clemastine
3434:Epinastine
3358:Rupatadine
3353:Loratadine
3338:Deptropine
3304:Tricyclics
3259:Antazoline
3119:Cetirizine
3073:Doxylamine
3053:Clemastine
3007:Emedastine
2997:Azelastine
2992:Astemizole
2317:1127763671
1774:References
1708:astemizole
1641:cetirizine
1637:loratadine
1580:β-agonists
1575:Nedocromil
1450:Ciproxifan
1333:Roxatidine
1328:Ranitidine
1323:Nizatidine
1318:Lafutidine
1313:Famotidine
1308:Cimetidine
1291:including
1174:Rupatadine
1164:Quetiapine
1158:Pyrilamine
1105:Olanzapine
1065:(Claritin)
1063:Loratadine
1026:Imipramine
1016:anxiolytic
1007:Fluoxetine
978:Doxylamine
954:(Benadryl)
937:antiemetic
883:Clemastine
843:antiemetic
813:Cetirizine
782:Azelastine
742:antiemetic
705:cross the
687:opioids),
669:analgesics
657:receptor.
635:doxylamine
494:mast cells
321:mast cells
258:dust mites
252:caused by
31:Drug class
5807:Precursor
5656:Nicotinic
5634:Nicotinic
5546:GABAergic
5271:Precursor
5256:Inhibitor
5182:Inhibitor
5066:Mianserin
5027:Histamine
4975:SCH-79687
4930:Enerisant
4925:Conessine
4826:Histamine
4779:Xaltidine
4764:Tiotidine
4724:Osutidine
4704:Metiamide
4689:Lamtidine
4600:Histamine
4585:Amthamine
4553:Trenizine
4448:iprindole
4402:mianserin
4390:amoxapine
4376:trazodone
4327:clozapine
4315:asenapine
4297:Zepastine
4277:Talastine
4267:Setastine
4257:Rocastine
4237:Perastine
4227:Octastine
4217:Moxastine
4172:Ketotifen
4137:Dorastine
4122:Clemizole
4097:Bilastine
4012:Talastine
3987:Piperoxan
3962:Perlapine
3952:Oxatomide
3942:Moxastine
3907:Meclozine
3847:Embramine
3787:Cyclizine
3722:Buclizine
3712:Bromazine
3692:Azatadine
3640:Histamine
3488:trazodone
3454:Perlapine
3348:Ketotifen
3328:Azatadine
3161:Oxatomide
3156:Meclizine
3141:Cyclizine
3114:Buclizine
3062:+naproxen
3017:Talastine
3002:Bilastine
2788:Hubbard R
2264:1939-4551
2037:8 October
1666:, where H
1603:were too
1601:analogues
1597:Piperoxan
1558:Mast cell
1460:A-349,821
1455:Conessine
1425:stimulant
1401:glutamate
1397:histamine
1377:histamine
1338:Tiotidine
1196:Trazodone
1182:(Loderix)
1180:Setastine
1085:Mianserin
1079:Meclizine
1036:Ketotifen
996:Embramine
958:Dosulepin
908:Cyclizine
898:Clozapine
803:Buclizine
787:Bilastine
762:Amoxapine
714:List of H
651:histamine
615:mast cell
413:receptors
405:receptors
385:-receptor
369:receptors
357:inner ear
341:-receptor
317:receptors
286:histamine
270:sinusitis
230:allergies
226:influenza
5795:Cofactor
5665:Muscular
5325:Receptor
5276:Cofactor
5262:Releaser
5250:Enhancer
5244:♦
5207:Receptor
5205:♦
5188:♦
5171:♦
5102:See also
5086:VUF-6002
5045:VUF-8430
5010:Agonists
4985:VUF-5681
4900:Bavisant
4880:A-423579
4875:A-349821
4859:Proxyfan
4809:Agonists
4595:Dimaprit
4590:Betazole
4578:Agonists
4513:Azanator
4486:loxapine
4394:loxapine
4355:zotepine
4142:Ebastine
3697:Bamipine
3623:Agonists
3514:Bamipine
3216:Bamipine
3078:Ebastine
2923:Archived
2875:19636034
2826:25621434
2771:28 April
2765:Archived
2741:29402462
2733:27119574
2695:25582156
2479:15294456
2441:9 August
2400:15430117
2392:15608077
2352:18278935
2282:23282332
2225:27015774
2182:25081735
2104:15 March
2010:11849647
2002:11972592
1960:26084539
1905:23268457
1822:(2013),
1757:See also
1714:Research
1540:Catechin
1509:VUF-6002
1491:receptor
1385:receptor
1018:and for
991:Ebastine
985:sedative
939:and for
815:(Zyrtec)
746:sedative
736:used as
639:insomnia
619:Sedation
611:allergic
571:receptor
512:sneezing
502:tinnitus
459:symptoms
421:exhibit
349:insomnia
246:sneezing
116:ATC code
5752:(AdoRI)
5702:(eCBRI)
5285:Classes
5211:Agonist
5199:Blocker
5177:Inducer
4895:AZD5213
4890:ABT-652
4885:ABT-239
4836:Immepip
4623:UR-AK49
4472:(e.g.,
4440:doxepin
4418:(e.g.,
4388:(e.g.,
4366:(e.g.,
4309:(e.g.,
4304:Others:
3658:UR-AK49
3544:Doxepin
3505:topical
3486:(e.g.,
3420:doxepin
3418:(e.g.,
3413:Others:
3320:(e.g.,
3208:Others:
2866:2933398
2817:4358759
2431:9808693
2273:3666185
2190:3406128
2147:9042073
2080:7540412
2071:1997159
1951:4485016
1896:3500039
1846:29 June
1587:History
1445:ABT-239
1379:at the
1266:gastric
1264:of the
1049:(Xyzal)
968:Doxepin
877:vertigo
685:prodrug
681:codeine
508:Itching
455:tissues
377:stomach
353:vertigo
234:generic
189:D006633
5696:(eCBE)
5293:Enzyme
5194:Opener
5173:Enzyme
5040:OUP-16
4831:Imetit
3473:Others
2916:(MeSH)
2873:
2863:
2824:
2814:
2739:
2731:
2693:
2660:
2633:
2606:
2573:
2546:
2519:
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2078:
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2008:
2000:
1958:
1948:
1903:
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695:, and
666:opioid
492:, and
482:nerves
461:of an
429:or an
327:, and
272:, and
266:asthma
254:pollen
110:
5809:(see
5797:(see
5743:Other
5566:(GRI)
5524:(SRI)
5440:(DRI)
5411:(NRI)
5327:&
5239:(NAM)
5233:(PAM)
5165:Types
2737:S2CID
2396:S2CID
2186:S2CID
2006:S2CID
1840:(PDF)
1829:(PDF)
1605:toxic
1373:drugs
647:NF-κB
538:Types
532:sebum
453:into
260:, or
250:hives
248:, or
214:drugs
5597:NMDA
5587:AMPA
5513:5-HT
5315:See
5298:see
5264:(RA)
5258:(RI)
5252:(RE)
4605:HTMT
3645:HTMT
3503:For
2871:PMID
2822:PMID
2773:2021
2729:PMID
2691:PMID
2658:ISBN
2631:ISBN
2604:ISBN
2571:ISBN
2544:ISBN
2517:ISBN
2475:PMID
2443:2014
2427:PMID
2388:PMID
2348:PMID
2313:OCLC
2303:ISBN
2278:PMID
2260:ISSN
2221:PMID
2178:PMID
2143:PMID
2106:2022
2076:PMID
2039:2015
1998:PMID
1956:PMID
1901:PMID
1848:2017
1706:and
1403:and
1295:and
875:and
744:and
633:and
524:acne
407:and
395:and
296:and
212:are
183:MeSH
171:HRH4
166:HRH3
161:HRH2
156:HRH1
3507:use
2968:R06
2861:PMC
2853:doi
2849:169
2812:PMC
2804:doi
2800:175
2760:NHS
2721:doi
2683:doi
2596:doi
2467:doi
2423:287
2380:doi
2376:313
2340:doi
2268:PMC
2252:doi
2213:doi
2170:doi
2133:doi
2066:PMC
1990:doi
1946:PMC
1938:doi
1891:PMC
1883:doi
1387:. H
1363:An
732:(a
641:. H
589:or
581:, H
359:. H
319:in
121:R06
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5766:NK
5667:))
5636:)
5537:AA
5380:))
5339:BA
5248::
5209::
5192::
5175::
4500:,
4496:,
4492:,
4488:,
4484:,
4480:,
4476:,
4462:,
4458:,
4454:,
4450:,
4446:,
4442:,
4438:,
4434:,
4430:,
4426:,
4422:,
4408:,
4404:,
4400:,
4396:,
4392:,
4378:,
4374:,
4370:,
4353:,
4349:,
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4333:,
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3482::
3426:,
3422:,
3369::
3316::
3112::
3094::
2893:,
2869:.
2859:.
2847:.
2843:.
2820:.
2810:.
2798:.
2794:.
2757:.
2735:.
2727:.
2715:.
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2689:.
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2473:.
2463:68
2461:.
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2242:.
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2207:.
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2166:28
2164:.
2141:.
2129:99
2127:.
2123:.
2096:.
2074:.
2062:76
2060:.
2056:.
2018:^
2004:.
1996:.
1986:32
1984:.
1968:^
1954:.
1944:.
1934:67
1932:.
1928:.
1907:.
1899:.
1889:.
1877:.
1873:.
1855:^
1831:,
1781:^
1529::
740:,
691:,
675:,
510:,
504:.
484:,
469:.
415:.
323:,
304:.
268:,
256:,
244:,
224:,
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100:iː
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5585:(
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5511:(
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5476:2
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5403:β
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5397:2
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5390:(
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5386:(
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5364:α
5362:(
5343:M
5341:/
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5033:L
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3651:L
3614:1
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3193:(
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2775:.
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2666:.
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2481:.
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2402:.
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2227:.
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2108:.
2082:.
2041:.
2012:.
1992::
1962:.
1940::
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1879:4
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1668:1
1662:2
1660:H
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1432:3
1421:3
1417:1
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1274:2
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1200:1
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1133:)
1107:(
1097:(
1091:)
1087:(
1075:)
1071:(
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1028:(
987:)
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970:(
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900:(
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774:(
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716:1
655:1
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567:H
563:1
561:H
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367:2
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339:1
315:1
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300:2
298:H
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290:H
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