47:
272:, using a nasal saline spray, and sleeping with one's head elevated. It also recommends a number of over the counter decongestants and antihistamines. A 2012 study concluded that combining nasal sprays with "nasal breathing exercises" (NBE) led to improvement of symptoms. Though it may seem an odd recommendation, crying may also be helpful.
244:
Nasal obstruction characterized by insufficient airflow through the nose can be a subjective sensation or the result of objective pathology. It is difficult to quantify by subjective complaints or clinical examinations alone, hence both clinicians and researchers depend both on concurrent subjective
921:
906:
550:
at
MedlinePlus, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Update Date: 8/2/2011. Updated by: Neil K. Kaneshiro. Also reviewed by David Zieve.
1595:
435:
de
Oliveira, Pedro Wey Barbosa; Gregorio, Luciano Lobato; Silva, Rogério Santos; Bittencourt, Lia Rita Azevedo; Tufik, Sergio; Gregório, Luis Carlos (July 2016).
667:
Wang DY, Raza MT, Goh DY, Lee BW, Chan YH (July 2004). "Acoustic rhinometry in nasal allergen challenge study: which dimensional measures are meaningful?".
589:
Pacheco-Galván A, Hart SP, Morice AH (April 2011). "Relationship between gastro-oesophageal reflux and airway diseases: the airway reflux paradigm".
2302:
1214:
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1814:
830:
1838:
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999:
861:
341:
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224:
Pregnancy may cause women to suffer from nasal congestion due to the increased amount of blood flowing through the body.
2064:
1860:
874:
560:
107:, "we are designed to breathe through our noses from birth—it's the way humans have evolved." This is referred to as "
2261:
2041:
1541:
1236:
1231:
351:
123:
146:, however the problem often relapses later in life due to craniofacial alterations from chronic nasal congestion.
2005:
232:
2276:
1742:
1200:
114:
Nasal congestion can interfere with hearing and speech. Significant congestion may interfere with sleep, cause
1850:
712:"Relationships between Malocclusion, Body Posture, and Nasopharyngeal Pathology in Pre-Orthodontic Children"
2049:
2000:
1833:
1771:
2010:
624:
Wang DY, Raza MT, Gordon BR (June 2004). "Control of nasal obstruction in perennial allergic rhinitis".
46:
2196:
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1824:
710:Šidlauskienė M, Smailienė D, Lopatienė K, Čekanauskas E, Pribuišienė R, Šidlauskas M (June 2015).
1973:
1615:
1531:
1406:
1122:
488:"Orthopedic correction of growing hyperdivergent, retrognathic patients with miniscrew implants"
2099:
1952:
1913:
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1323:
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1978:
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8:
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1908:
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925:
368:
64:
16:
This article is about symptomatic nasal congestion. For natural partial congestion, see
2104:
1969:
1925:
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807:
782:
736:
711:
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512:
487:
463:
436:
417:
392:
Bergeson PS, Shaw JC (October 2001). "Are infants really obligatory nasal breathers?".
297:
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1470:
1299:
1260:
1192:
870:
812:
741:
684:
680:
641:
637:
606:
517:
468:
437:"Orofacial-cervical alterations in individuals with upper airway resistance syndrome"
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59:
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521:
472:
413:
346:(3rd ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub. pp. 169, 170.
292:
84:
783:"Nasal Breathing Exercise and its Effect on Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis"
40:
Nasal blockage, nasal obstruction, blocked nose, stuffy nose, plugged nose
2256:
2203:
2186:
2181:
2134:
2089:
1940:
1888:
1855:
1727:
1456:
1388:
1351:
1306:
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1107:
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1008:
960:
709:
235:(theorized to cause chronic rhinosinusitis- the "airway reflux paradigm")
227:
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165:
119:
17:
898:
727:
2176:
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173:
139:
127:
1504:
1380:
1087:
1082:
1062:
1049:
302:
155:
143:
115:
83:, usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from
831:"Is Your Nose Working Against You? 5 Signs of a Deviated Septum"
1601:
1414:
1343:
1102:
910:
131:
977:
1422:
1140:
1067:
1057:
1016:
261:
245:
assessment and on objective measurement of the nasal airway.
1371:
138:. The problem usually resolves after surgery to remove the
787:
Indian
Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
588:
485:
1222:
283:, a condition that needs to be addressed by a doctor.
369:"Should You Breathe Through Your Mouth or Your Nose?"
888:
793:(2). Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg: 172–176.
761:"'How to Treat Nasal Congestion and Sinus Pressure"
264:, congestion can be addressed through the use of a
54:
Medical products for diminution of nasal congestion
626:Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
486:Buschang PH, Carrillo R, Rossouw PE (March 2011).
95:In about 85% of cases, nasal congestion leads to
252:has been linked to nasal obstruction in a study.
130:has caused chronic sleep apnea with insufficient
2289:
279:also states that congestion may be a sign of a
185:nasal congestion brought on by extended use of
666:
623:
126:. In children, nasal congestion from enlarged
23:Partial or complete blockage of nasal passages
1208:
993:
479:
391:
1215:
1201:
1000:
986:
45:
1815:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
806:
735:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
511:
492:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
462:
452:
268:, warm showers, drinking fluids, using a
103:. According to Jason Turowski, MD of the
441:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
428:
366:
1839:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
75:is the partial or complete blockage of
2303:Symptoms and signs: Respiratory system
2290:
858:
758:
528:
343:Principles and Practice of Pedodontics
333:
162:, allergic reaction to pollen or grass
1196:
981:
862:Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art
339:
780:
239:
2272:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
823:
774:
752:
561:"Blocked Nose, Restricted Air Flow"
13:
1861:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
1224:Diseases of the respiratory system
852:
14:
2314:
884:
669:Clinical and Experimental Allergy
360:
759:Swiner, Carmelita (2020-01-27).
681:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01988.x
638:10.1097/00130832-200406000-00005
327:MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
221:Narrow or collapsing nasal valve
124:upper airway resistance syndrome
1007:
703:
660:
617:
233:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
2277:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
582:
553:
385:
367:Turowski, Jason (2016-04-29).
315:
1:
1851:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
308:
118:, and can be associated with
90:
1834:Respiratory hypersensitivity
1772:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
603:10.1016/j.arbres.2011.02.001
591:Archivos de Bronconeumologia
255:
7:
1743:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
781:Nair, Satish (2011-04-12).
454:10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.05.015
286:
10:
2319:
1596:Acute exacerbation of COPD
504:10.1016/j.joms.2010.11.013
406:10.1177/000992280104001006
15:
2239:
2212:
2142:
2128:
2082:
2040:
2019:
1993:
1896:
1882:
1873:
1802:
1687:
1667:
1550:
1530:
1370:
1250:
1230:
1174:
1121:
1048:
1015:
951:
892:
799:10.1007/s12070-011-0243-5
149:
58:
53:
44:
36:
31:
1659:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
1652:Bronchiolitis obliterans
1518:Laryngotracheal stenosis
1465:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
1443:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
1401:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
1329:Nasal septum perforation
109:obligate nasal breathing
1407:Retropharyngeal abscess
716:Medical Science Monitor
2100:Pulmonary hypertension
1829:Eosinophilic pneumonia
1481:Vocal cord dysfunction
1324:Nasal septum deviation
859:Nestor, James (2020).
179:Rhinitis medicamentosa
79:, leading to impaired
2227:Mediastinal emphysema
2006:Healthcare-associated
1936:Legionnaires' disease
1362:Peritonsillar abscess
1334:Nasal septal hematoma
187:topical decongestants
1974:Mendelson's syndrome
1846:Hamman–Rich syndrome
2247:Respiratory failure
2214:Mediastinal disease
1782:Bird fancier's lung
1357:Adenoid hypertrophy
728:10.12659/MSM.893395
394:Clinical Pediatrics
340:Rao A, ed. (2012).
65:Otorhinolaryngology
2152:Pleuritis/pleurisy
2105:Pulmonary embolism
2001:Community-acquired
1926:Atypical bacterial
1825:Löffler's syndrome
1606:Status asthmaticus
1591:Chronic bronchitis
1476:Vocal fold paresis
1290:Vasomotor rhinitis
952:External resources
323:"Nasal congestion"
298:Honeymoon rhinitis
218:or sinus infection
87:of blood vessels.
2285:
2284:
2235:
2234:
2192:Empyema/pyothorax
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2078:
2077:
2011:Hospital-acquired
1869:
1868:
1733:Caplan's syndrome
1526:
1525:
1471:Vocal fold nodule
1295:Atrophic rhinitis
1190:
1189:
975:
974:
837:. 7 November 2019
240:Nasal obstruction
181:, a condition of
70:
69:
26:Medical condition
2310:
2170:Pleural effusion
2163:Hemopneumothorax
2140:
2139:
1894:
1893:
1880:
1879:
1723:Bauxite fibrosis
1688:External agents/
1685:
1684:
1616:Exercise-induced
1572:Acute bronchitis
1548:
1547:
1248:
1247:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1131:Acute bronchitis
1093:Nasal congestion
1078:Loss of appetite
1002:
995:
988:
979:
978:
890:
889:
880:
846:
845:
843:
842:
835:Cleveland Clinic
827:
821:
820:
810:
778:
772:
771:
769:
768:
756:
750:
749:
739:
707:
701:
700:
664:
658:
657:
621:
615:
614:
586:
580:
579:
577:
576:
567:. Archived from
557:
551:
548:Nasal congestion
545:
526:
525:
515:
483:
477:
476:
466:
456:
432:
426:
425:
389:
383:
382:
380:
379:
373:Cleveland Clinic
364:
358:
357:
337:
331:
330:
329:. A.D.A.M., Inc.
319:
277:Cleveland Clinic
105:Cleveland Clinic
73:Nasal congestion
49:
32:Nasal congestion
29:
28:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2231:
2208:
2144:Pleural disease
2133:
2116:
2074:
2036:
2020:By distribution
2015:
1994:By vector/route
1989:
1887:
1875:
1865:
1820:Pulmonary edema
1798:
1693:
1689:
1676:
1672:
1663:
1628:Cystic fibrosis
1555:
1539:
1535:
1522:
1366:
1240:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1191:
1186:
1182:Antiviral drugs
1170:
1117:
1044:
1011:
1006:
976:
971:
970:
947:
946:
901:
887:
877:
867:Riverhead Books
855:
853:Further reading
850:
849:
840:
838:
829:
828:
824:
779:
775:
766:
764:
757:
753:
708:
704:
665:
661:
622:
618:
587:
583:
574:
572:
559:
558:
554:
546:
529:
484:
480:
433:
429:
390:
386:
377:
375:
365:
361:
354:
338:
334:
321:
320:
316:
311:
289:
281:deviated septum
258:
248:Prevalence of
242:
152:
101:nasal breathing
97:mouth breathing
93:
81:nasal breathing
27:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2316:
2306:
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2300:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2130:Pleural cavity
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2092:
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2023:
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2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1976:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1944:
1943:
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1933:
1923:
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1916:
1906:
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1877:
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1867:
1866:
1864:
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1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
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1841:
1831:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1792:Lycoperdonosis
1789:
1784:
1779:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1703:Pneumoconiosis
1699:
1697:
1682:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1623:Bronchiectasis
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1599:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1567:
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1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1435:
1433:Laryngeal cyst
1430:
1428:Laryngomalacia
1425:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
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1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1266:
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1256:
1254:
1245:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1004:
997:
990:
982:
973:
972:
969:
968:
956:
955:
953:
949:
948:
945:
944:
933:
918:
902:
897:
896:
894:
893:Classification
886:
885:External links
883:
882:
881:
876:978-0735213616
875:
854:
851:
848:
847:
822:
773:
751:
702:
659:
616:
597:(4): 195–203.
581:
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478:
447:(4): 377–384.
427:
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203:xylometazoline
176:
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77:nasal passages
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2258:
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2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:Other/general
2238:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:Mediastinitis
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2201:
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2025:
2024:
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2018:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1965:noninfectious
1963:
1961:
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1932:
1929:
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1911:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:Obstructive /
1872:
1862:
1859:
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1852:
1849:
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1840:
1837:
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1818:
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1811:
1808:
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1805:
1801:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:Farmer's lung
1785:
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1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1764:
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1759:
1756:
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1647:Bronchiolitis
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1136:Bronchiolitis
1134:
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1123:Complications
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631:
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585:
571:on 2016-08-26
570:
566:
565:Aerin Medical
562:
556:
549:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
523:
519:
514:
509:
505:
501:
498:(3): 754–62.
497:
493:
489:
482:
474:
470:
465:
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423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
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399:
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370:
363:
355:
353:9789350258910
349:
345:
344:
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273:
271:
267:
263:
260:According to
253:
251:
246:
234:
231:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
204:
200:
199:phenylephrine
196:
195:oxymetazoline
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:
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171:
167:
164:
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157:
154:
153:
147:
145:
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39:
35:
30:
19:
2159:Pneumothorax
2112:Lung abscess
2094:
1964:
1953:Pneumocystis
1914:Pneumococcal
1695:lung disease
1691:occupational
1669:Interstitial
1634:
1578:
1564:
1537:lung disease
1503:
1497:Epiglottitis
1487:
1455:
1449:Laryngospasm
1413:
1394:Strep throat
1379:
1342:
1318:nasal septum
1316:
1275:
1259:
1166:Strep throat
1146:Otitis media
1092:
1088:Muscle aches
959:
935:
920:
905:
860:
839:. Retrieved
825:
790:
786:
776:
765:. Retrieved
754:
719:
715:
705:
672:
668:
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629:
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619:
594:
590:
584:
573:. Retrieved
569:the original
564:
555:
495:
491:
481:
444:
440:
430:
397:
393:
387:
376:. Retrieved
362:
342:
335:
326:
317:
293:Decongestant
274:
259:
247:
243:
228:Nasal polyps
210:nasal sprays
190:
113:
99:rather than
94:
85:inflammation
72:
71:
2257:Common cold
2204:Fibrothorax
2187:Chylothorax
2182:Hydrothorax
2135:mediastinum
2095:circulatory
2090:Atelectasis
1897:By pathogen
1889:pneumonitis
1876:Restrictive
1856:Sarcoidosis
1728:Berylliosis
1674:restrictive
1635:unspecified
1557:obstructive
1540:(including
1457:vocal cords
1389:Pharyngitis
1352:Tonsillitis
1307:Nasal polyp
1242:common cold
1235:(including
1151:Pharyngitis
1108:Sore throat
1035:Enterovirus
1030:Coronavirus
1009:Common cold
961:MedlinePlus
722:: 1765–73.
207:naphazoline
166:Common cold
134:levels and
120:sleep apnea
37:Other names
18:nasal cycle
2292:Categories
2177:Hemothorax
1979:Aspiration
1941:Chlamydiae
1931:Mycoplasma
1919:Klebsiella
1777:Bagassosis
1763:Byssinosis
1738:Chalicosis
1713:Asbestosis
1708:Aluminosis
1642:Bronchitis
1513:Tracheitis
1489:epiglottis
1438:Laryngitis
1312:Rhinorrhea
1098:Rhinorrhea
1040:Rhinovirus
1025:Adenovirus
841:2020-06-28
767:2020-06-28
575:2016-07-12
378:2020-06-28
309:References
266:humidifier
91:Background
2252:Influenza
2197:Malignant
1960:Parasitic
1909:Bacterial
1884:Pneumonia
1753:Silicosis
1748:Siderosis
1718:Baritosis
1552:Bronchial
1300:Hay fever
1269:Sinusitis
1161:Sinusitis
1156:Pneumonia
256:Treatment
216:Sinusitis
170:influenza
160:hay fever
156:Allergies
60:Specialty
2267:COVID-19
2060:BOOP-COP
2027:Broncho-
1970:Chemical
1758:Talcosis
1679:fibrosis
1532:Lower RT
1285:Rhinitis
1232:Upper RT
1113:Weakness
1103:Sneezing
1073:Headache
1050:Symptoms
817:23730580
746:26086193
697:28523614
689:15248855
654:20608574
646:15126936
611:21459504
522:21236539
473:26671020
422:44715721
414:11681824
287:See also
270:neti pot
250:kyphosis
174:COVID-19
140:adenoids
128:adenoids
1579:chronic
1505:trachea
1381:pharynx
1261:sinuses
1083:Malaise
1063:Fatigue
1017:Viruses
942:D015508
808:3392338
763:. WebMD
737:4484615
513:3046301
464:9448996
303:Inhaler
183:rebound
158:, like
144:tonsils
136:hypoxia
116:snoring
1948:Fungal
1602:Asthma
1415:larynx
1344:tonsil
966:003049
931:478.19
916:R09.81
873:
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420:
412:
350:
205:, and
150:Causes
132:oxygen
2083:Other
2032:Lobar
1983:Lipid
1904:Viral
1803:Other
1565:acute
1542:LRTIs
1467:(LPR)
1445:(LPR)
1423:Croup
1403:(LPR)
1237:URTIs
1175:Drugs
1141:Croup
1068:Fever
1058:Cough
693:S2CID
650:S2CID
418:S2CID
262:WebMD
2298:Nose
2262:SARS
2065:NSIP
1810:ARDS
1611:AERD
1586:COPD
1372:Neck
1277:nose
1252:Head
937:MeSH
926:9-CM
871:ISBN
813:PMID
742:PMID
685:PMID
642:PMID
607:PMID
518:PMID
469:PMID
410:PMID
348:ISBN
275:The
191:e.g.
142:and
2055:DIP
2050:UIP
2042:IIP
922:ICD
907:ICD
803:PMC
795:doi
732:PMC
724:doi
677:doi
634:doi
599:doi
508:PMC
500:doi
459:PMC
449:doi
402:doi
172:or
122:or
111:."
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