1453:
1335:
766:
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955:
1566:
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the law throughout the empire. One of his chief concerns was to having local communities conform their legal procedures to existing Roman norms: in a case concerning repression of banditry by local police officers ("irenarchs", Greek for "peace keepers") in Asia Minor, Antoninus ordered that these officers should not treat suspects as already condemned, and also keep a detailed copy of their interrogations, to be used in the possibility of an appeal to the Roman governor. Also, although
Antoninus was not an innovator, he would not always follow the absolute letter of the law; rather he was driven by concerns over humanity and equality, and introduced into
281:
1081:
2012:
and his officers did act in a resolute manner dealing with frontier disturbances of his time, although conditions for long-lasting peace were not created. On the whole, according to Grant, Marcus
Aurelius' eulogistic picture of Antoninus seems deserved, and Antoninus appears to have been a conservative and nationalistic (although he respected and followed Hadrian's example of Philhellenism moderately) emperor who was not tainted by the blood of either citizen or foe, combined and maintained Numa Pompilius' good fortune, pacific dutifulness and religious scrupulousness, and whose laws removed anomalies and softened harshnesses.
31:
1208:. Raoul McLaughlin quotes Aurelius Victor as saying "The Indians, the Bactrians, and the Hyrcanians all sent ambassadors to Antoninus. They had all heard about the spirit of justice held by this great emperor, justice that was heightened by his handsome and grave countenance, and his slim and vigorous figure." Due to the outbreak of the Antonine epidemic and wars against northern Germanic tribes, the reign of Marcus Aurelius was forced to alter the focus of foreign policies, and matters relating to the Far East were increasingly abandoned in favour of those directly concerning the Empire's survival.
1131:
1834:
1977:
well-trained intelligence and the sincerest desire for the welfare of his subjects. Instead of plundering to support his prodigality, he emptied his private treasury to assist distressed provinces and cities, and everywhere exercised rigid economy (hence the nickname κυμινοπριστης "cummin-splitter"). Instead of exaggerating into treason whatever was susceptible of unfavorable interpretation, he turned the very conspiracies that were formed against him into opportunities for demonstrating his clemency. Instead of stirring up
757:. Their union could not produce any legitimate offspring who could threaten any heirs, such as those of Antoninus. Also, as one could not have a wife and an official concubine (or two concubines) at the same time, Antoninus avoided being pressed into a marriage with a noblewoman from another family. (Later, Marcus Aurelius would also reject the advances of his former fiancée Ceionia Fabia, Lucius Verus's sister, on the grounds of protecting his children from a stepmother, and took a concubine instead.)
1217:
946:. Eventually, at his wit's end, Antoninus Pius demanded that Paraskevi be immersed into a large kettle of oil and tar. However, she emerged from even this unscathed. When she was accused of using magic, Paraskevi responded by throwing the liquid into the Emperor's face. He was blinded and desperately asked for her help. Antoninus Pius regained his sight. This miracle moved him to convert to Christianity and set Paraskevi free. He did not persecute Christians thereafter.
833:
942:, and brought to trial. The charge was blasphemy and her words were the cause of all the ills that had recently befallen the empire. Antoninus Pius attempted to convince Paraskevi to denounce her faith, and even offered to marry her. Paraskevi refused, and was beaten and tortured by having a steel helmet lined with nails placed on her head and tightened with a vice. No pain seemed to affect her, and her endurance caused many to convert to
8490:
1435:, a former military officer turned by Antoninus into a civil procurator, and who, in view of his subsequent career (discovered on the basis of epigraphical and prosopographical research), was the emperor's most important legal adviser. Maecianus would eventually be chosen to occupy various prefectures (see below) as well as to conduct the legal studies of Marcus Aurelius. He was also the author of a large work on
7501:"... The king of this state always wanted to enter into diplomatic relations with the Han. But Anxi wanted to trade with them in Han silk and so put obstacles in their way, so that they could never have direct relations . This continued until the ninth year of the Yanxi (延熹) reign period of Emperor Huan (桓) (A.D. 166), when Andun 安敦, king of Da Qin, sent an envoy from beyond the frontier of
1925:
824:. He also adopted (briefly) the name Imperator Titus Aelius Caesar Antoninus, in preparation for his rule. There seems to have been some opposition to Antoninus' appointment on the part of other potential claimants, among them his former consular colleague Lucius Catilius Severus, then prefect of the city. Nevertheless, Antoninus assumed power without opposition.
1392:. While still a private citizen, Antoninus had increased his personal fortune greatly by means of various legacies, the consequence of his caring scrupulously for his relatives. Also, Antoninus left behind him a reputation for stinginess and was probably determined not to leave his personal property to be "swallowed up by the demands of the imperial throne".
1829:
in Rome. If it was
Maecianus who rose to prominence, he may have risen precisely in order to prepare the incoming—and unprecedented—joint succession. In 160, Marcus and Lucius were designated joint consuls for the following year. Perhaps Antoninus was already ill; in any case, he died before the year
1286:
and
Pausanias. These cities received from Antoninus the usual honorific accolades, such as when he commanded that all governors of Asia should enter the province, when taking office, by way of Ephesus. Ephesus was specially favoured by Antoninus, who confirmed and upheld its distinction of having two
1246:
Antoninus was regarded as a skilled administrator and as a builder. In spite of an extensive building directive—the free access of the people of Rome to drinking water was expanded with the construction of aqueducts, not only in Rome but throughout the Empire, as well as bridges and roads—the emperor
2015:
Krzysztof
Ulanowski argues that the claims of military inability are exaggerated, considering that although the sources praise Antoninus' love for peace and his efforts "rather to defend, than enlarge the provinces", he could hardly be considered a pacifist, as shown by the conquest of the Lowlands,
2006:
that the reign of
Antoninus comprised "a succession of grossly wasted opportunities", given the upheavals that were to come. There is more to this argument, given that the Parthians in the East were themselves soon to make no small amount of mischief after Antoninus' death. Kornemann's brief is that
1993:
however estimable the man, Antoninus was hardly a great statesman. The rest which the Empire enjoyed under his auspices had been rendered possible through
Hadrian's activity, and was not due to his own exertions; on the other hand, he carried the policy of peace at any price too far, and so entailed
1200:
Nevertheless, Antoninus was virtually unique among emperors in that he dealt with these crises without leaving Italy once during his reign, but instead dealt with provincial matters of war and peace through their governors or through imperial letters to the cities such as
Ephesus (of which some were
984:
There are no records of any military related acts in his time in which he participated. One modern scholar has written "It is almost certain not only that at no time in his life did he ever see, let alone command, a Roman army, but that, throughout the twenty-three years of his reign, he never went
2011:
agrees that it is possible that had
Antoninus acted decisively sooner (it appears that, on his death bed, he was preparing a large-scale action against the Parthians), the Parthians might have been unable to choose their own time, but current evidence is not conclusive. Grant opines that Antoninus
1958:, an unreliable and mostly fabricated work. Nevertheless, it still contains information that is considered reasonably sound; for instance, it is the only source that mentions the erection of the Antonine Wall in Britain. Antoninus is unique among Roman emperors in that he has no other biographies.
1415:
Of the public transactions of this period there is only the scantiest of information, but, to judge by what is extant, those twenty-two years were not remarkably eventful in comparison to those before and after the reign. However, Antoninus did take a great interest in the revision and practice of
1104:
It has been therefore speculated that the invasion of
Lowland Scotland and the building of the wall had to do mostly with internal politics, that is, offering Antoninus an opportunity to gain some modicum of necessary military prestige at the start of his reign. Actually, the campaign in Britannia
1100:
Although Antonine's Wall was, in principle, much shorter (37 miles in length as opposed to 73), and at first sight more defensible than Hadrian's Wall, the additional area that it enclosed within the Empire was barren, with land use for grazing already in decay. This meant that supply lines to the
533:
Antoninus was an effective administrator, leaving his successors a large surplus in the treasury, expanding free access to drinking water throughout the Empire, encouraging legal conformity, and facilitating the enfranchisement of freed slaves. He died of illness in AD 161 and was succeeded by his
1298:
In his dealings with Greek-speaking cities, Antoninus followed the policy adopted by Hadrian of ingratiating himself with local elites, especially with local intellectuals: philosophers, teachers of literature, rhetoricians and physicians were explicitly exempted from any duties involving private
1976:
A few months afterwards, on Hadrian's death, he was enthusiastically welcomed to the throne by the Roman people, who, for once, were not disappointed in their anticipation of a happy reign. For Antoninus came to his new office with simple tastes, kindly disposition, extensive experience, a
1403:
properties were regarded as public. It was a way of pretending that the Imperial function—and most properties attached to it—was a public one, formally subject to the authority of the Senate and the Roman people. That the distinction played no part in subsequent political history—that the
1126:
as well as by the erasing of Priscianus' name from an inscription. In both cases, Antoninus was not in formal charge of the ensuing repression: Priscianus committed suicide and Titianus was found guilty by the Senate, with Antoninus abstaining from sequestering their families' properties.
1121:
mentions two, made by the senators Cornelius Priscianus ("for disturbing the peace of Spain"; Priscianus had also been Lollius Urbicus' successor as governor of Britain) and Atilius Rufius Titianus (possibly a troublemaker already exiled under Hadrian). Both attempts are confirmed by the
1981:, he extended to them the strong hand of his protection throughout the empire. Rather than give occasion to that oppression which he regarded as inseparable from an emperor's progress through his dominions, he was content to spend all the years of his reign in Rome, or its neighbourhood.
1485:; that accused persons are not to be treated as guilty before trial, as in the case of the irenarchs (see above). Antoninus also asserted the principle that the trial was to be held, and the punishment inflicted, in the place where the crime had been committed. He mitigated the use of
877:
Immediately after Hadrian's death, Antoninus approached Marcus and requested that his marriage arrangements be amended: Marcus' betrothal to Ceionia Fabia would be annulled, and he would be betrothed to Faustina, Antoninus' daughter, instead. Faustina's betrothal to Ceionia's brother
1857:
at dinner quite greedily. In the night he vomited; he had a fever the next day. The day after that, he summoned the imperial council, and passed the state and his daughter to Marcus. The emperor gave the keynote to his life in the last word that he uttered: when the
1059:. The wall, however, was soon gradually decommissioned during the mid-150s and eventually abandoned late during the reign (early 160s), for reasons that are still not quite clear. Antonine's Wall is mentioned in just one literary source, Antoninus' biography in the
1810:) and some fellow equestrian procurators held lasting grudges against him. A procurator named Gaius Censorius Niger died while Gavius Maximus was alive. In his will, Censorius Niger vilified Maximus, creating serious embarrassment for one of the heirs, the orator
521:
his adoptive father, or because he had saved senators sentenced to death by Hadrian in his later years. His reign is notable for the peaceful state of the Empire, with no major revolts or military incursions during this time. A successful military campaign in
1101:
wall were strained enough such as the costs for maintaining the additional territory outweighed the benefits of doing so. Also, in the absence of urban development and the ensuing Romanization process, the rear of the wall could not be lastingly pacified.
1594:. Harper (2017) states that the embassy was likely to be a group of merchants, as many Roman merchants traveled to India and some might have gone beyond, while there are no records of official ambassadors of Rome travelling as far east. The group came to
1476:, giving the putative freedman the benefit of the doubt when the claim to freedom was not clearcut. Also, he punished the killing of a slave by their master without previous trial and determined that slaves could be forcibly sold to another master by a
1373:, meaning the properties of the "Crown", the hereditary properties of each succeeding person that sat on the throne, transmitted to his successors in office, regardless of their previous membership in the imperial family. Secondly, the
1480:
in cases of consistent mistreatment. Antoninus upheld the enforcement of contracts for selling of female slaves forbidding their further employment in prostitution. In criminal law, Antoninus introduced the important principle of the
1452:
717:
in her name, with priestesses serving in her temple. He had various coins with her portrait struck in her honor. These coins were scripted "DIVA FAUSTINA" and were elaborately decorated. He further founded a charity, calling it
1024:; however, these were considered less serious than prior (and later) revolts among both. It was however in Britain that Antoninus decided to follow a new, more aggressive path, with the appointment of a new governor in 139,
874:). Two other reasons for this title are that he would support his aged father-in-law with his hand at Senate meetings, and that he had saved those men that Hadrian, during his period of ill-health, had condemned to death.
1551:(Avodah Zarah 10a–b), Rabbi Judah was very wealthy and greatly revered in Rome. He had a close friendship with "Antoninus", possibly Antoninus Pius, who would consult Rabbi Judah on various worldly and spiritual matters.
1387:
biography, where Antoninus replies to Faustina (who complained about his stinginess) that "we have gained an empire lost even what we had before" possibly relates to Antoninus' actual concerns at the creation of the
1791:, i.e., heir apparent. As Antoninus aged, Marcus took on more administrative duties. Marcus's administrative duties increased again after the death, in 156 or 157, of one of Antoninus' most trusted advisers,
1113:
was later to say that, although Antoninus bestowed the direction of the British campaign to others, he should be regarded as the helmsman who directed the voyage, whose glory, therefore, belonged to him.
1489:
in examining slaves by certain limitations. Thus he prohibited the application of torture to children under fourteen years, though this rule had exceptions. However, it must be stressed that Antoninus
1334:
901:
research has revealed that Antoninus' imperial ruling team centered around a group of closely knit senatorial families, most of them members of the priestly congregation for the cult of Hadrian, the
1497:, the use of torture as a means of obtaining evidence to pecuniary cases, when it had been applied up until then only in criminal cases. Also, already at the time torture of free men of low status (
1802:, an office that was as much secretarial as military. Gavius Maximus had been awarded with the consular insignia and the honours due a senator. He had a reputation as a most strict disciplinarian (
1994:
calamities on the state after his death. He not only had no originality or power of initiative, but he had not even the insight or boldness to work further on the new lines marked out by Hadrian.
7421:
A. Mischcon, Abodah Zara, p.10a Soncino, 1988. Mischcon cites various sources, "SJ Rappaport... is of opinion that our Antoninus is Antoninus Pius." Other opinions cited suggest "Antoninus" was
1877:
Antoninus Pius' funeral ceremonies were, in the words of the biographer, "elaborate". If his funeral followed the pattern of past funerals, his body would have been incinerated on a pyre at the
1310:
Antoninus was known as an avid observer of rites of religion and of formal celebrations, both Roman and foreign. He is known for having increasingly formalized the official cult offered to the
1117:
That this quest for some military achievement responded to an actual need is proved by the fact that, although generally peaceful, Antoninus' reign was not free from attempts at usurpation:
1625:, and the envoy arrived in 166, confusion remains about who sent the mission, given that both emperors were named "Antoninus". The Roman mission came from the south (therefore probably by
765:
1895:), Marcus and Lucius nominated their father for deification. In contrast to their behaviour during Antoninus' campaign to deify Hadrian, the senate did not oppose the emperors' wishes. A
1862:
of the night-watch came to ask the password, he responded, "aequanimitas" (equanimity). He then turned over, as if going to sleep, and died. His death closed out the longest reign since
1916:
he had built in the Forum in 141 to his deified wife Faustina was rededicated to the deified Faustina and the deified Antoninus. It survives as the church of San Lorenzo in Miranda.
1258:
The Emperor also famously suspended the collection of taxes from multiple cities affected by natural disasters, such as when fires struck Rome and Narbona, and earthquakes affected
1251:. Rome would not witness another Emperor leaving his successor with a surplus for a long time, but this treasury was depleted almost immediately after Antoninus's reign due to the
1424:
1761:
864:
to grant divine honours to Hadrian, which they had at first refused; his efforts to persuade the Senate to grant these honours is the most likely reason given for his title of
816:, on the condition that Antoninus would in turn adopt Marcus Annius Verus, the son of his wife's brother, and Lucius, son of Lucius Aelius, who afterwards became the emperors
683:
Marcus Galerius Aurelius Antoninus (died before 138); his sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome. His name appears on a Greek Imperial coin.
5740:. Prosopographica et genealogica (in Italian). Vol. 2 (illustrated ed.). Unit for Prosopographical Research, Linacre College, University of Oxford. p. 278.
8685:
8858:
8743:
8702:
1109: in 142. The fact that around the same time coins were struck announcing a victory in Britain points to Antoninus' need to publicise his achievements. The orator
8800:
8760:
1428:
7505:(日南) who offered elephant tusk, rhinoceros horn, and tortoise shell. It was only then that for the first time communication was established ." "Xiyu Zhuan" of the
5601:
2138:
5530:
8821:
8650:
1439:(Testamentary Trusts). As a hallmark of the increased connection between jurists and the imperial government, Antoninus' reign also saw the appearance of the
5417:
3314:
2028:
Although only one of his four children survived to adulthood, Antoninus came to be ancestor to four generations of prominent Romans, including the Emperor
467:
1961:
Antoninus in many ways was the ideal of the landed gentleman praised not only by ancient Romans, but also by later scholars of classical history, such as
13738:
1690:, dated to the early 1st century BC. Roman golden medallions made during the reign of Antoninus Pius and perhaps even Marcus Aurelius have been found at
1318:, formerly only a private ritual, now being also performed for the sake of the Emperor's welfare. Antoninus also offered patronage to the worship of
8505:
8033:
3552:
885:
Antoninus built temples, theaters, and mausoleums, promoted the arts and sciences, and bestowed honours and financial rewards upon the teachers of
568:
242:
6298:
8730:
576:
1412:
absorbed his role as office-holder—proves that the autocratic logic of the imperial order had already subsumed the old republican institutions.
5149:
13862:
1540:. He decreased the silver purity of the denarius from 89% to 83.5, the actual silver weight dropping from 2.88 grams to 2.68 grams.
1512:
being celebrated by the hosting of magnificent games in Rome. It lasted a number of days, and a host of exotic animals were killed, including
8817:
6895:
Emmanuelle Collas-Heddeland, "Le culte impérial dans la compétition des titres sous le Haut-Empire. Une lettre d'Antonin aux Éphésiens". In:
1978:
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Antoninus' father had no other children and died shortly after his 89 ordinary consulship. Antoninus was raised by his maternal grandfather
7513:
YU, Taishan (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) (2013). "China and the Ancient Mediterranean World: A Survey of Ancient Chinese Sources".
6205:
2131:
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He acquired much favor with Hadrian, who adopted him as his son and successor on 25 February 138, after the death of his first adopted son
7854:, "Préfecture du prétoire et haute administration équestre à la fin du règne d'Antonin le Pieux et au début du règne de Marc Aurèle". In:
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6902:
5894:
3895:
8510:
8154:
6958:
6306:
1966:
954:
8681:
8292:
6458:
5840:
5824:
893:. Antoninus made few initial changes when he became emperor, leaving intact as far as possible the arrangements instituted by Hadrian.
1501:) had become legal, as proved by the fact that Antoninus exempted town councillors expressly from it, and also free men of high rank (
13753:
13748:
2448:
6474:
W. E. Boyd (1984),"Environmental change and Iron Age land management in the area of the Antonine Wall, central Scotland: a summary".
1870:
by a couple of months). His record for the second-longest reign would be unbeaten for 168 years, until 329 when it was surpassed by
911:, prosopographical research of Antoninus' ruling team allows us to grasp the deeply conservative character of the ruling senatorial
8895:
8739:
7450:
4746:
460:
1266:. He offered hefty financial grants for rebuilding and recovery of various Greek cities after two serious earthquakes: the first,
992:, notwithstanding the fact that there were several military disturbances in the Empire in his time. Such disturbances happened in
406:
13892:
13827:
13728:
13723:
9420:
7410:
2124:
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and the expansion of Germania Superior. Ulanowski also praises Antoninus for being successful in deterrence by diplomatic means.
1365:, no matter how extended and ill-defined his competencies were. He is credited with the splitting of the imperial treasury, the
13733:
1881:, while his spirit would rise to the gods' home in the heavens. However, it seems that this was not the case: according to his
5136:
13713:
10214:
10082:
8469:
8450:
8018:
7989:
7780:
7756:
7589:
7564:
7332:
7260:
7205:
7165:
7123:
7019:
6983:
6939:
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6749:
6692:
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6610:
6589:
6538:
6496:
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5490:
5402:
5292:
1142:
on the reverse) handing the crown to him, an empty claim that Parthia was still subject to Rome after the events surrounding
669:). Faustina was a beautiful woman, and despite rumours about her character, it is clear that Antoninus cared for her deeply.
10247:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
7946:
5032:
Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree.
13743:
13718:
9427:
8383:
5738:
Continuité gentilice et continuité familiale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale: mythe et réalité
4548:
1299:
spending for civic purposes, a privilege granted by Hadrian that Antoninus confirmed by means of an edict preserved in the
2036:
has identified five direct descendants of Antoninus and Faustina who were consuls in the first half of the third century.
1105:
was followed by an Imperial salutation, that is, by Antoninus formally taking for the second (and last) time the title of
13887:
13832:
13708:
11488:
11276:
10050:
5592:
2065:
453:
411:
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13697:
12458:
12174:
11042:
10302:
10276:
8370:
7929:
2078:
7310:
Aubert, Jean-Jacques. "L'esclave en droit romain ou l'impossible réification de l'homme". Esclavage et travail forcé,
1565:
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7728:
7695:
7377:
7353:
7298:
7239:
7144:
7090:
7069:
6883:
6849:
6825:
6798:
6716:
6668:
6647:
6568:
6517:
6439:
6368:
6347:
6129:
6015:
5988:
5961:
5937:
5772:
5745:
5457:
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3701:
2634:
8462:
Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, First to Second Centuries CE
5594:
The rise of Nemausus from Augustus to Antoninus Pius: a prosopographical study of Nemausian senators and equestrians
13902:
13882:
13763:
8764:
4484:
1913:
1887:
biography (which seems to reproduce an earlier, detailed report) Antoninus' body (and not his ashes) was buried in
1667:. The text specifically states that it was the first time there had been direct contact between the two countries.
1588:
The first group of people claiming to be an ambassadorial mission of Romans to China was recorded in 166 AD by the
1369:. This splitting had to do with the division of imperial properties into two parts. Firstly, the fiscus itself, or
7451:"East Asian History Sourcebook: Chinese Accounts of Rome, Byzantium and the Middle East, c. 91 B.C.E. – 1643 C.E."
1817:
Gavius Maximus' death initiated a change in the ruling team. It has been speculated that it was the legal adviser
690:, consul 145. She appeared to have no children with her husband; and her sepulchral inscription has been found in
13867:
13847:
12950:
10016:
9999:
9826:
9814:
4477:
3964:
2104:
1201:
publicly displayed). This style of government was highly praised by his contemporaries and by later generations.
6455:. Table ronde de Rome (9–11 novembre 1982) Rome : École Française de Rome, 1984. pp. 241–293. Available at
13000:
12727:
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5678:
2482:
2072:
2047:
1186:
687:
611:. The link between Antoninus' family and their home province explains the increasing importance of the post of
8056:). More recent modern scholars cite the date as 6 March. Either way, 7 March is the universally accepted date.
5870:
5781:
749:
was a form of female companionship sometimes chosen by powerful men in Ancient Rome, especially widowers like
13296:
13086:
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10202:
10028:
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6932:
Greco-Roman Associations: Texts, translations and commentaries. II: North Coast of the Black Sea, Asia Minor
5412:
3888:
3099:
2675:
1377:, the "private" properties tied to the personal maintenance of the emperor and his family, something like a
642:
13897:
12868:
12805:
12088:
9843:
8888:
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Pulleyblank, Edwin G.; Leslie, D. D.; Gardiner, K. H. J. (1999). "The Roman Empire as Known to Han China".
4527:
1069:
makes a brief and confused mention of a war in Britain. In one inscription honouring Antoninus, erected by
8354:
7658:
An, Jiayao (2002). "When Glass Was Treasured in China". In Juliano, Annette L.; Lerner, Judith A. (eds.).
6235:
1784:. He started nibbling on dry bread to give him the strength to stay awake through his morning receptions.
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in his bid to the Imperial office and been rewarded with a suffect consulship, plus an ordinary one under
13229:
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11512:
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9924:
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The Religious Aspects of War in the Ancient Near East, Greece, and Rome: Ancient Warfare Series, Volume 1
7135:
Heinz Bellen, "Die 'Verstaatlichung' des Privatvermögens der römische Kaiser". Hildegard Temporini, ed.,
6325:, "L'armée des provinces pannoniennes et la pacification des révoltes maures sous Antonin le Pieux". In:
5283:
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1508:
One highlight during his reign occurred in 148, with the nine-hundredth anniversary of the foundation of
1543:
Scholars name Antoninus Pius as the leading candidate for an individual identified as a friend of Rabbi
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7885:
7497:"... 其王常欲通使于汉,而安息欲以汉缯彩与之交市,故遮阂不得自达。至桓帝延熹九年,大秦王安敦遣使自日南徼外献象牙、犀角、瑇瑁,始乃一通焉。其所表贡,并无珍异,疑传者过焉。" 《后汉书·西域传》
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2008:
1742:
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303:
229:
1940:
882:, Marcus' future co-Emperor, would also have to be annulled. Marcus consented to Antoninus' proposal.
280:
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Marcus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus (died before 138); his sepulchral inscription has been found at the
439:
7527:
6246:
6221:
5286:) gives the story that Faustina the Elder promised to marry Avidius Cassius. This is also echoed in
506:, and Hadrian adopted him as his son and successor shortly before his death. Antoninus acquired the
291:(reverse). Inscription: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P. P., TR. P., COS. III / AVRELIVS CAES. AVG. PII F. COS.
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When Faustina died in 141, Antoninus was greatly distressed. In honour of her memory, he asked the
658:
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5199:
It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman.
1342:
at Ephesus, 140–144 AD, explaining how the emperor resolved a dispute between the Roman cities of
13912:
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1291:), therefore having first place in the list of imperial honor titles, surpassing both Smyrna and
1110:
1080:
1025:
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786:
619:
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805:, where he had estates. He then greatly increased his reputation by his conduct as proconsul of
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634:, suffect consul in 98; from that marriage came two daughters, Arria Lupula and Julia Fadilla.
30:
8263:
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7977:
6815:
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1787:
Marcus Aurelius had already been created consul with Antoninus in 140, receiving the title of
1326:. In 148, he presided over the celebrations of the 900th anniversary of the founding of Rome.
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Two days before his death, the biographer reports, Antoninus was at his ancestral estate at
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9954:
9929:
9894:
9809:
9723:
9573:
9404:
8533:
8289:
7555:
Yü, Ying-shih (1986). "Han Foreign Relations". In Twitchett, Denis; Loewe, Michael (eds.).
5008:
4719:
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2056:(21 September between 125 and 130–175), had several children; those who had children were:
2053:
1560:
997:
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698:
631:
172:
5000:
dashed lines indicate adoption; dotted lines indicate love affairs/unmarried relationships
713:
to deify her as a goddess, and authorised the construction of a temple to be built in the
657:. They are believed to have enjoyed a happy marriage. Faustina was the daughter of consul
498:
Born into a senatorial family, Antoninus held various offices during the reign of Emperor
8:
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4984: lighter purple indicates designated imperial heir of said dynasty who never reigned
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1595:
1574:
1441:
1194:
1074:
972:
903:
626:. The Arrii Antonini were an older senatorial family from Italy, very influential during
518:
7557:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220
7461:
1780:
In 156, Antoninus Pius turned 70. He found it difficult to keep himself upright without
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8052:". However, most historians who cite the passage indicate that it occurred on 7 March (
8048:, written half a century later, states that his successors took power the day before: "
7622:
7457:
7365:
6790:
Rome and the Distant East: Trade Routes to the Ancient Lands of Arabia, India and China
6684:
Rome, Parthia, and the Politics of Peace: The Origins of War in the Ancient Middle East
3919:
3911:
1826:
1799:
1300:
1204:
Antoninus was the last Roman Emperor recognised by the Indian Kingdoms, especially the
1154:
959:
742:
654:
604:
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488:
140:
1833:
591:). Titus Aurelius Fulvus was the son of a senator of the same name, who, as legate of
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Du châtiment dans la cité. Supplices corporels et peine de mort dans le monde antique
6435:
6385:
6364:
6343:
6262:
6125:
6011:
5984:
5957:
5768:
5741:
5486:
5453:
5398:
5376:
5357:
5338:"De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families"
2033:
1901:, or cultic priest, was appointed to minister the cult of the deified Antoninus, now
1718:
1089:
1033:
935:
908:
623:
592:
147:
1822:
1536:. While this increased Antoninus's popularity, the frugal emperor had to debase the
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8436:
8375:
7614:
6198:
H.G. Pflaum, "Les prêtres du culte impérial sous le règne d'Antonin le Pieux". In:
5906:
5639:
5541:
5476:
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4753:
3092:
2682:
1985:
Some historians have a less positive view of his reign. According to the historian
1954:
1883:
1695:
1603:
1383:
1283:
1270:
140, which affected mostly Rhodes and other islands; the second, in 152, which hit
1263:
1178:
1070:
1061:
856:
662:
7219:
Consilium Principis: Imperial Councils and Counsellors from Augustus to Diocletian
6293:
3291:
1157:
governor and the dispatch of additional soldiers to the province. On the northern
726:, which assisted destitute girls of good family. Finally, Antoninus created a new
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9442:
9436:
9288:
9109:
9079:
9022:
9002:
8845:
8788:
8627:
8440:
8428:
A History of the Roman Empire from its Foundation to the Death of Marcus Aurelius
8359:
8296:
8158:
8041:
7865:
7851:
7040:
6962:
6906:
6462:
6322:
6310:
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5480:
4278:
4223:
4195:
2902:
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2433:
1999:
1945:
1838:
1746:
1722:
1687:
1622:
1465:
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1123:
1093:
977:
929:
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702:
622:, reputed by contemporaries to be a man of integrity and culture and a friend of
608:
535:
432:
374:
288:
177:
77:
11271:
7688:
Rome's Eastern Trade: International Commerce and Imperial Policy, 31 BC – AD 305
1621:" (Rome). As Antoninus Pius died in 161, leaving the empire to his adoptive son
934:
There is a Christian tradition that in the village of Therapia, Constantinople,
603:
in 85. The Aurelii Fulvi were therefore a relatively new senatorial family from
13852:
13842:
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1788:
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1338:
Copy inscribed in marble of a letter from Antoninus to the Ephesians, from the
1174:
1162:
1150:
1085:
1056:
1052:
1043:
Under instructions from the emperor, Lollius undertook an invasion of southern
845:
701:(between 125 and 130–175), a future Roman Empress, married her maternal cousin
580:
287:, struck 140 AD with portrait of Antoninus Pius (obverse) and his adoptive son
2043:
Marcus Galerius Aurelius Antoninus (died before 138), died young without issue
1431:, a prolific writer; and three others. Of these three, the most prominent was
1247:
still managed to leave behind a sizable public treasury of around 2.7 billion
1216:
672:
Faustina bore Antoninus four children, two sons and two daughters. They were:
13806:
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13239:
13071:
13041:
12717:
12572:
12429:
12298:
12138:
12113:
12063:
11670:
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11650:
11457:
11388:
11378:
11240:
10994:
10742:
10685:
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10184:
9728:
9536:
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8496:
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5723:
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4257:
3130:
2261:
2017:
1962:
1854:
1205:
1170:
1048:
1021:
898:
813:
527:
484:
48:
8514:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 148–149.
8399:
8147:
Robert Turcan, "Origines et sens de l'inhumation à l'époque impériale". In:
7660:
Silk Road Studies VII: Nomads, Traders, and Holy Men Along China's Silk Road
5102:
2040:
Marcus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus (died before 138), died young without issue
1000:
in place of the usual equestrian procurator and cavalry reinforcements from
13425:
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9504:
9366:
9007:
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8720:
8631:
7744:
7426:
6200:
Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
5910:
4918:
4238:
3162:
1544:
1533:
1339:
1323:
1303:(27.1.6.8). Antoninus also created a chair for the teaching of rhetoric in
1005:
943:
879:
861:
821:
734:
710:
666:
572:
539:
514:
364:
268:
183:
81:
7083:
Final Judgments: Duty and Emotion in Roman Wills, 200 B.C. – A.D. 250
5643:
5446:"Adoptive and Polyonymous Nomenclature in the Roman Empire – Some Addenda"
1717:) as being visited by a Greek sailor named Alexander and lying beyond the
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11144:
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10753:
10567:
10501:
10492:
10376:
9833:
9708:
9658:
9583:
9157:
9104:
9047:
8346:
7043:, and therefore turned into public properties: Carrié & Roussele, 586
6995:
6247:"Saint Paraskevi", St. Barbara Greek Orthodox Church, Orange, Connecticut
6222:"Saint Paraskevi", St. Barbara Greek Orthodox Church, Orange, Connecticut
4928:
1738:
1679:
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1570:
1378:
1361:
1315:
963:
923:
832:
746:
714:
647:
564:
208:
104:
7582:
A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD)
2007:
Antoninus might have waged preventive wars to head off these outsiders.
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9144:
9089:
9054:
8917:
7952:
7506:
6635:
6624:
From Tiberius to the Antonines: A History of the Roman Empire AD 14–192
5764:
Coinage and History of the Roman Empire, C. 82 B.C. – A.D. 480: History
2088:
1986:
1664:
1646:
1590:
1525:
1282:. Antoninus' financial help earned him praise by Greek writers such as
1248:
1173:, probably Gaius Popillius Carus Pedo, built new fortifications in the
1037:
993:
989:
890:
36:
8903:
7910:
7626:
6814:
Allen, Timothy F. H.; Hoekstra, Thomas W.; Tainter, Joseph A. (2012).
1929:
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12990:
12935:
12915:
12778:
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12546:
12399:
12366:
12361:
12303:
12102:
11923:
11876:
11828:
11788:
11765:
11538:
11404:
11373:
11027:
10941:
10767:
10648:
10385:
9636:
9588:
9498:
9485:
9272:
9201:
9174:
9169:
9138:
9084:
9032:
8967:
8962:
7927:
7422:
1952:
The only intact account of his life handed down to us is that of the
1750:
1703:
1683:
1599:
1529:
1477:
1417:
1319:
1288:
1166:
1158:
1106:
1017:
894:
842:
794:
750:
612:
596:
8386:. Note that the Historia Augusta includes pseudohistorical elements.
6911:
Monumentality and the Roman Empire: Architecture in the Antonine Age
13656:
13651:
13640:
13607:
13522:
13515:
13469:
13441:
13435:
13400:
13363:
13358:
13353:
13348:
12980:
12920:
12763:
12735:
12328:
12258:
12070:
12056:
12036:
11998:
11910:
11855:
11813:
11645:
11615:
11578:
11523:
11368:
11245:
11150:
11094:
10989:
10896:
10890:
10879:
10845:
10729:
10715:
10708:
10695:
10659:
10399:
9904:
9686:
9578:
9531:
9491:
9473:
9393:
9328:
9308:
9278:
9251:
9246:
9231:
9221:
9191:
9099:
9094:
9042:
9017:
9012:
8977:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8039:. The date is found in an inscription by Titus Flavius Xenion. The
7723:(revised ed.). Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. pp. 24–25.
7618:
7487:. Princeton, New Jersey, United States: Princeton University Press.
7062:
The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 11: The High Empire, AD 70–192
5445:
4492:
3188:
2029:
1867:
1863:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1657:
1513:
1494:
1409:
1292:
1044:
1001:
886:
774:
728:
600:
584:
556:
513:
after his accession to the throne, either because he compelled the
507:
384:
284:
100:
8495:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
6296:, '"Enceintes urbaines et insécurité en Maurétanie Tingitane" In:
1691:
1274:(where the huge and newly built Temple to Hadrian was destroyed),
588:
13633:
13572:
13415:
13099:
12910:
12904:
12892:
12773:
12768:
12705:
12684:
12529:
12481:
12381:
12371:
12096:
11993:
11963:
11945:
11934:
11917:
11869:
11862:
11793:
11715:
11363:
11171:
11157:
11069:
11020:
10926:
10869:
10820:
10653:
10643:
10623:
10556:
10406:
10285:
9838:
9541:
9448:
9361:
9216:
8992:
8610:
5356:. Translated by R. Ross Holloway. Milan: Edizioni Arte e Moneta.
5337:
4535:
4511:
3171:
2098:
2059:
1933:
1859:
1850:
1770:
1707:
1699:
1642:
1630:
1578:
1517:
1486:
1343:
1275:
1271:
1135:
1029:
849:
802:
790:
778:
560:
499:
344:
248:
224:
66:
10297:
7325:
Fear of slaves, fear of enslavement in the ancient Mediterranean
5518:
1077:, one of them beheaded, seems to stand for some actual warfare.
555:
Antoninus Pius was born Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Antoninus near
13540:
13410:
13047:
12930:
12535:
12506:
12376:
12351:
12143:
12077:
11903:
11896:
11823:
11778:
11772:
11598:
11518:
11104:
10931:
10884:
10838:
10810:
10736:
10614:
10573:
10455:
10420:
10392:
9610:
9467:
9349:
9121:
8987:
7751:(2nd ed.). London & New York: Routledge. p. 154.
6976:
Time in Roman Religion: One Thousand Years of Religious History
6032:
From polis to empire, the ancient world, c. 800 B.C. – A.D. 500
2642:
1897:
1846:
1781:
1769:
of Antoninus Pius outside the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore in
1638:
1548:
1457:
1366:
1347:
1311:
1304:
1279:
1259:
1221:
1182:
1009:
919:
870:
782:
769:
Marble bust of Antoninus Pius (138–161); British Museum, London
653:
Some time between 110 and 115, Antoninus married Annia Galeria
630:'s reign. Arria Fadilla, Antoninus' mother, married afterwards
334:
215:
Imperator Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius
117:
40:
7346:
L'Empire Romain en Mutation, des Sévères à Constantin, 192–337
930:
Christian tradition about the persecution of Paraskevi of Rome
13626:
13405:
13395:
13373:
13031:
11940:
11928:
11841:
11758:
11609:
11543:
11205:
10874:
10832:
10826:
10618:
10577:
10448:
10441:
10427:
9211:
8982:
8972:
8952:
7714:
7502:
6899:, tome 108, Juillet-décembre 1995. pp. 410–429. Available at
2461:
2416:
1924:
1653:
1634:
1618:
1582:
1521:
988:
His reign was the most peaceful in the entire history of the
912:
691:
627:
324:
6661:
Las ventas por subasta en el mundo romano: la esfera privada
1825:. Maecianus was briefly Praefect of Egypt, and subsequently
1314:, which from his reign onwards included a bull sacrifice, a
13378:
13368:
12758:
12633:
11834:
11164:
10984:
10966:
10851:
10633:
10628:
10462:
10254:
8957:
8947:
8409:
The Cambridge Ancient History: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192
7032:
6580:
Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth, Esther Eidinow (2014):
1509:
1047:, winning some significant victories, and constructing the
510:
8312:
Ronald Syme, "Antonine Relatives: Ceionii and Vettuleni",
6451:
Jean-Louis Voisin, "Les Romains, chasseurs de têtes". In:
1912:
was dedicated to Antoninus on the Campus Martius, and the
1359:
Antoninus tried to portray himself as a magistrate of the
11583:
8064:
8062:
7604:
6603:
A Commentary on the Vita Hadriani in the Historia Augusta
5980:
Common Law Marriage: A Legal Institution for Cohabitation
5707:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5697:
4996: bluish-purple indicates emperors of other dynasties
1626:
1423:
In this, the emperor was assisted by five chief lawyers:
12804:
8400:"Antoninus Pius (A.D. 138–161) De Imperatoribus Romanis"
7948:
Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Principat. V
7709:
7707:
7372:, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996,
6709:
North Pontic Archaeology: Recent Discoveries and Studies
6414:
6412:
6410:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6059:
6057:
5354:
Women of the Caesars: Their Lives and Portraits on Coins
1153:
which required the granting of additional powers to the
8091:
8089:
6512:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979,
6180:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
2050:, suffect consul in 145; no children known for certain.
860:. One of his first acts as emperor was to persuade the
526:
early in his reign resulted in the construction of the
8164:
8113:
8059:
7944:
7786:
7681:
7679:
7392:
7273:
7271:
7269:
7180:
7178:
7176:
7174:
6277:
6275:
6236:"Martyr Parasceva of Rome", Orthodox Church in America
5694:
1965:
or the author of the article on Antoninus Pius in the
1749:
was centered there, not in China or even the overland
1420:
many important new principles based upon this notion.
1181:
fifteen miles forward in his province and neighboring
615:
of Gallia Narbonensis during the late second century.
8011:
Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity: A Sourcebook
7704:
6955:, tome 6, fasc. 3–4, 1927. pp. 753–756. Available at
6722:
6407:
6395:
6135:
6078:
6054:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5418:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
1460:
of Antoninus, 153 AD. ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XVII
1255:
brought back by soldiers after the Parthian victory.
8216:
8199:
Delphi Complete Works of Edward Gibbon (Illustrated)
8086:
7690:. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 29–30.
7411:
Tulane University "Roman Currency of the Principate"
7253:
Roman Law and the Origins of the Civil Law Tradition
7096:
6813:
6152:
5802:
5800:
5657:
5499:
4990: grey indicates unsuccessful imperial aspirants
1853:, about twelve miles (19 km) from Rome. He ate
1012:
being fortified. Similar disturbances took place in
741:
The emperor never remarried. Instead, he lived with
8325:Based on Table F, "The Children of Faustina II" in
7931:
Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. 24–25
7676:
7312:
Cahiers de la Recherche sur les droits fondamentaux
7266:
7171:
6909:. Retrieved 22 January 2016; Edmund Thomas,(2007):
6763:
Riding for Caesar: The Roman Emperors' Horse Guards
6272:
6202:, 111 année, N. 2, 1967. pp. 194–209. Available at
6090:
5895:"Découverte à Rennes d'une pièce de Faustine jeune"
5858:
5628:"Le proconsulat de Narbonnaise sous le Haut-Empire"
5600:(MA). Ontario: Queen's University. pp. 49–57.
5395:
Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age
5174:
Husband of Rupilia Faustina: Levick (2014), p. 163.
5142:
840:On his accession, Antoninus' name and style became
836:
The Roman Empire during the reign of Antoninus Pius
8151:. Tome 60, 1958, n°3–4. pp. 323–347. Available at
7819:A Commentary on the Letters of M. Cornelius Fronto
7773:Marcus Aurelius in the Historia Augusta and Beyond
7085:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991,
6878:. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1994,
6865:. Cambridge University Press: 1895, pp. 45–46, 68.
5567:
5373:Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous
5126:Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161.
1224:of Antoninus Pius, 145 AD. Inscription: ANTONINVS
1073:, which participated in the building of the Wall,
7642:
7449:Paul Halsall (2000) . Jerome S. Arkenberg (ed.).
7198:Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century
6102:
5797:
5072:Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161.
1399:lands could be sold and/or given away, while the
13804:
8079:
8077:
7982:The Government of the Roman Empire: A Sourcebook
7443:
7441:
7439:
6303:, tome 86, n°1. 1974. pp. 501–522. Available at
5485:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 492–493.
5332:
5304:Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164.
5129:
5042:Sister of Trajan's father: Giacosa (1977), p. 7.
1741:), although the significantly greater amount of
7737:
6820:. Columbia University Press. pp. 105–106.
5246:Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10.
5094:
5092:
5090:
6951:Paul Graindor, "Antonin le Pieux et Athènes".
6582:The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization
5411:
5255:Wife of M. Annius Libo: Levick (2014), p. 163.
1629:), entering China by the frontier province of
1554:
1449:, an elementary legal textbook for beginners.
1084:Statue of Antoninus Pius in military garb and
781:with more than usual success, he obtained the
607:whose rise to prominence was supported by the
203:Titus Aelius Caesar Antoninus (after adoption)
10270:
8889:
8674:L. Catilius Severus Iulianus Claudius Reginus
8238:The Antonines: The Roman Empire in Transition
8074:
7749:Rome in the East: Transformation of an Empire
7447:For a full translation of that passage, see:
7436:
6340:The Antonines: The Roman Empire in Transition
6122:The Antonines: The Roman Empire in Transition
6069:
5448:. In Caldelli, M. L.; Gregori, G. L. (eds.).
2132:
2113:
2062:(7 March 150–182?), whose children included:
1211:
487:from AD 138 to 161. He was the fourth of the
461:
7976:Levick, Dr Barbara; Levick, Barbara (2002).
7975:
7721:The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future
7579:
7448:
6876:The Book of Acts in Its Graeco-Roman Setting
5471:
5469:
5161:Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p. 99 and
5087:
1464:Antoninus passed measures to facilitate the
483:(19 September AD 86 – 7 March 161) was
7914:. Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome,
7911:The Tribunician Day during the Early Empire
7639:Hill (2009), p. 27 and nn. 12.18 and 12.20.
7160:. Malden, MA: John Wiley & sons, 2009,
5165:; deification: Lamber (1984), pp. 2–5, etc.
2046:Aurelia Fadilla (died in 135), who married
1602:and claimed to be an embassy from "Andun" (
1134:A coin of Antoninus Pius showing a subdued
996:, where a senator was named as governor of
686:Aurelia Fadilla (died in 135); she married
10277:
10263:
8896:
8882:
7928:Istituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche (1956).
7775:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013,
7584:. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 600.
7344:Jean-Michel Carrié & Aline Rousselle,
7137:Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt
7000:Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius
6786:
5956:. Cambridge University Press. p. 85.
5953:Prostitutes and Matrons in the Roman World
5938:Prostitutes and Matrons in the Roman World
5563:. Cambridge University Press. p. 134.
5450:Epigrafia e ordine senatorio, 30 anni dopo
5314:
5312:
5310:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5059:
5057:
2139:
2125:
1798:For twenty years, Gavius Maximus had been
468:
454:
29:
8261:
7559:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7526:
6842:Neokoroi: Greek Cities and Roman Emperors
6782:
6780:
6051:. Cambridge University Press, 1895, p. 12
5735:
5590:
5466:
5113:
5111:
5080:
5078:
13687:
8731:G. Bruttius Praesens L. Fulvius Rusticus
8500:
7607:Journal of the American Oriental Society
6663:. Edicions Universitat Barcelona, 2005,
5672:
5443:
5101:contributor (Herbert W. Benario, 2000),
1939:
1923:
1832:
1760:
1564:
1451:
1333:
1215:
1189:was retained by the choice in AD 140 of
1169:. Also during his reign the governor of
1129:
1079:
985:within five hundred miles of a legion."
953:
831:
764:
732:, a Roman welfare programme, as part of
641:
637:
279:
96:Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Antoninus
8682:G. Quinctius Certus Poblicius Marcellus
8442:The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy
7718:
7368:, 48.18.9, as quoted by Edward Peters,
6953:Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire
6765:, Harvard University Press, 1997, p. 50
6680:
5983:. Oxford University Press. p. 72.
5625:
5482:The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy
5370:
5351:
5307:
5258:
5218:
5202:
5177:
5054:
1472:. Mostly, he favoured the principle of
789:. He was next appointed by the Emperor
550:
13805:
12834:
12199:
11301:
10327:
8543:
8415:
8406:
8397:
8326:
8195:
8170:
8135:
8119:
8068:
7858:, 18, 2007. pp. 115–140. Available at
7817:Michael Petrus Josephus Van Den Hout,
7792:
7482:
7398:
7102:
6777:
6728:
6510:The grand Strategy of the Roman Empire
6418:
6401:
6350:, p. 17; Rebuffat "Enceintes urbaines"
6231:
6229:
6186:
6158:
6146:
6084:
6063:
6003:
5949:
5876:
5855:(1921), Life of Antoninus Pius, Note 7
5810:(1921), Life of Antoninus Pius, Note 6
5787:
5684:
5591:Whitfield, Hugo Thomas Dupuis (2012).
5558:
5536:
5524:
5512:
5475:
5389:
5108:
5075:
5045:
1702:. This may have been the port city of
1694:in southern Vietnam, then part of the
760:
13686:
12803:
12168:
11270:
10296:
10258:
8877:
8818:L. Marcius Celer M. Calpurnius Longus
8478:
8234:
7685:
7158:Politics and Society in Imperial Rome
6681:Schlude, Jason M. (13 January 2020).
6299:Mélanges de l'École française de Rome
5892:
5767:. Taylor & Francis. p. 240.
5452:. Edizioni Quasar. pp. 492–493.
4926:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4901:
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4897:
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2267:
2265:
2260:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2156:
1745:suggest the Roman maritime trade for
1185:. In the East, Roman suzerainty over
1075:a relief showing four naked prisoners
481:Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius
13339:
8740:L. Minicius Natalis Quadronius Verus
8459:
8424:
8398:Weigel, Richard D. (2 August 2023).
8222:
8095:
7877:
7743:
7327:. Presses Univ. Franche-Comté, 2007
7293:. Cambridge University Press: 1994,
7277:
7232:Roman Law: Mechanisms of Development
7200:. Edinburgh University Press, 2012,
7184:
6281:
6096:
5976:
5864:
5760:
5578:
1229:
938:was arrested by soldiers of Emperor
907:. According to the German historian
646:Statue of Faustina the Elder in the
8530:(Cambridge Historical Essays, 1895)
8004:
6934:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2014,
6752:, entry "Arshakuni/Arsacid", p. 174
6491:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2015,
6226:
5607:from the original on 9 October 2022
1756:
13:
8435:
7657:
7554:
7512:
6240:
6108:
6034:, (2002) p. 33; Historia Augusta,
2079:Tiberius Claudius Severus Proculus
2075:(151–?), whose children included:
2054:Annia Galeria Faustina the Younger
1979:persecution against the Christians
1837:The bust of Antoninus Pius at the
1725:). Roman coins from the reigns of
1233:
976:were deified after their death by
949:
166:Marcus Galerius Aurelius Antoninus
14:
13924:
13863:Burials at the Castel Sant'Angelo
8568:
7881:Roman Festivals in the Greek East
7662:. Turnhout: Brepols. p. 83.
7538:"Chinese Text Project Dictionary"
7035:, the personal properties of the
6650:, p. 28, footnote 61; Salway, 149
6363:. Oxford University Press: 2001,
1919:
1737:, China (site of the Han capital
1322:, to whom he erected a temple in
1149:There were also some troubles in
745:, one of Faustina's freed women.
8488:
8319:
8306:
8282:
8255:
8228:
8202:. Delphi Classics. p. 125.
8189:
8176:
8141:
8134:7.10, tr. David Magie, cited in
8125:
8101:
8027:
7998:
7969:
7938:
7921:
7902:
7871:
7845:
7832:
7811:
7798:
7765:
7651:
7633:
7598:
7573:
7548:
7491:
7476:
7415:
7404:
7383:
7359:
6742:Historical Dictionary of Armenia
5298:
5276:
5249:
5240:
5193:
5168:
5155:
5120:
5066:
5036:
1427:, an author of legal treatises;
1329:
1236:
1225:
697:Annia Galeria Faustina Minor or
163:Marcus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus
153:
8007:"A religious calendar: P. Dura"
7984:. Routledge. pp. 143–146.
7945:H. Temporini, W. Haase (1972).
7856:Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz
7338:
7317:
7304:
7283:
7245:
7224:
7211:
7190:
7150:
7129:
7108:
7075:
7055:
7046:
7025:
7005:
7002:. Library of Alexandria, s.d.g.
6989:
6968:
6945:
6924:
6889:
6868:
6855:
6834:
6807:
6768:
6755:
6734:
6701:
6674:
6653:
6616:
6595:
6574:
6553:
6544:
6523:
6502:
6489:Great Walls and Linear Barriers
6481:
6468:
6445:
6424:
6382:The Roman Government of Britain
6374:
6353:
6332:
6316:
6287:
6251:
6215:
6192:
6164:
6114:
6041:
6024:
5997:
5970:
5943:
5929:
5886:
5845:
5829:
5813:
5754:
5729:
5717:
5282:The epitomator of Cassius Dio (
4974: Reddish-purple indicates
4935:
4499:
4245:
4202:
3935:
3177:
2649:
2468:
2423:
2105:Annia Cornificia Faustina Minor
1287:temples for the imperial cult (
1004:were brought in, towns such as
868:(dutiful in affection; compare
785:in 120 having as his colleague
412:Category:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
13893:People from Gallia Narbonensis
13828:2nd-century Gallo-Roman people
8445:. Cambridge University Press.
6793:. A&C Black. p. 131.
6478:, Volume 11 Issue 1, pp. 75–81
6476:Glasgow Archaeological Journal
5619:
5584:
5552:
5437:
2073:Annia Galeria Aurelia Faustina
2048:Lucius Plautius Lamia Silvanus
2023:
1891:. After a seven-day interval (
1830:was out, probably on 7 March.
1753:running through ancient Iran.
1743:Roman coins unearthed in India
1425:Lucius Fulvius Aburnius Valens
1239:
688:Lucius Plautius Lamia Silvanus
665:(a step-sister to the Empress
1:
13297:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
8521:Zur Geschichte des Kaisers A.
8483:. Vol. I & II, Prag.
8411:. Cambridge University Press.
8262:Ulanowski, Krzysztof (2016).
8241:. Routledge. pp. 14–23.
8013:. Routledge. pp. 16–19.
7221:. Cambridge U.P.: 1955, p. 67
7039:had been appropriated by the
6434:, Abingdon: Routledge, 2004,
6342:. Abingdon: Routledge, 1996,
5736:Settipani, Christian (2000).
5430:
4978:of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty
4747:C. Furius Sabinus Timesitheus
2060:Annia Aurelia Galeria Lucilla
1711:
1698:near the Chinese province of
773:Having filled the offices of
545:
502:. He married Hadrian's niece
16:Roman emperor from 138 to 161
10284:
8550:. London: New York, Harper.
8544:Watson, P. B. (1884). "ii".
8290:"Les gendres de Marc-Aurèle"
8005:Lee, A. D. (15 April 2013).
7139:, Berlin: De Gruyter, 1974,
6707:Gocha R. Tsetskhladze, ed.,
6533:. London: Bloomsbury, 2013,
6430:David Colin Arthur Shotter,
6259:The Journal of Roman Studies
6007:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography
5561:Religion in republican Italy
2066:Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus
958:The temple of Antoninus and
918:He owned palatial villas at
579:. The Aurelii Fulvi were an
7:
13230:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
8268:. Brill. pp. 360–361.
7713:For further information on
7580:de Crespigny, Rafe (2007).
7291:Slavery and Society at Rome
7234:. The Hague: Mouton, 1978,
7118:. London: Routledge, 2014,
7052:Carrié & Rousselle, 586
7012:Oxford Classical Dictionary
6978:. London: Routledge, 2012,
6965:. Retrieved 22 January 2016
6863:The Reign of Antoninus Pius
6744:, Lanham: Scarecrow, 2010,
6626:. London: Routledge, 2014,
6601:Herbert W. Benario (1980),
6563:, London: Routledge, 2012,
6313:. Accessed 26 December 2015
6049:The Reign of Antoninus Pius
5397:. Oxford University Press.
2490:Aelius Hadrianus Marullinus
1623:Marcus Aurelius (Antoninus)
1555:Diplomatic mission to China
1032:and previously governor of
809:, probably during 134–135.
10:
13929:
13833:2nd-century Roman emperors
12129:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
11513:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
11277:Second Intermediate Period
10169:Constantine XI Palaiologos
10120:Andronikos III Palaiologos
10007:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
8855:L. Plautius Lamia Silvanus
8380:The Life of Antoninus Pius
8335:
8161:. Accessed 14 January 2016
8149:Revue des Études Anciennes
7886:Cambridge University Press
7868:. Accessed 27 January 2016
6817:Supply-Side Sustainability
6787:McLaughlin, Raoul (2010).
6687:. Routledge. p. 176.
6531:Roman Frontiers in Britain
6465:. Accessed 14 January 2016
6361:A History of Roman Britain
6212:. Accessed 27 January 2016
6004:Birley, Anthony R (2012).
5632:Revue des Études Anciennes
5527:, p. 54; Dio, 70:1:2.
2147:Nerva–Antonine family tree
2114:Nerva–Antonine family tree
1944:Statue of Antoninus Pius,
1928:Arch of Antoninus Pius in
1645:). It brought presents of
1558:
1212:Economy and administration
827:
407:Nerva–Antonine family tree
13878:2nd-century Roman consuls
13791:
13693:
13682:
13580:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
13324:
13270:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
13165:
13137:
13122:
13085:
13057:
13017:
12999:
12949:
12882:
12867:
12825:
12821:
12799:
12749:
12726:
12659:
12582:
12520:
12472:
12457:
12390:
12337:
12249:
12234:
12190:
12186:
12175:Third Intermediate Period
12164:
12087:
12046:
11954:
11886:
11734:
11502:
11487:
11423:
11397:
11349:
11334:
11292:
11288:
11266:
11221:
11181:
11056:
11041:
10975:
10917:
10860:
10801:
10786:
10676:
10605:
10590:
10491:
10375:
10360:
10318:
10314:
10303:First Intermediate Period
10292:
10245:
10177:
10142:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
10110:Andronikos II Palaiologos
9935:Constantine IX Monomachos
9623:
9520:
9403:
9230:
9068:
8916:
8851:
8833:
8814:
8793:
8776:
8757:
8736:
8718:
8699:
8678:
8662:
8643:
8638:
8624:
8615:
8607:
8602:
8575:
8547:Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
7719:Osborne, Milton (2006) .
7323:Anastasia Serghidou, ed.
6897:Revue des Études Grecques
6010:. Routledge. p. 33.
5950:Strong, Anise K. (2016).
5539:, p. 55; citing the
5371:Lambert, Royston (1984).
5352:Giacosa, Giorgio (1977).
4946:
4944:
4924:
4922:
4919:Furia Sabina Tranquillina
4855:
4851:
4849:
4839:
4769:
4767:
4757:
4723:
4716:
4714:L. Aurelius Agaclytus (2)
4698:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4664:
4648:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4610:
4608:
4592:
4590:
4570:
4557:
4541:
4532:
4517:
4508:
4506:
4481:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4398:
4378:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4290:
4284:
4275:
4261:
4254:
4220:
4211:
4209:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4142:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4050:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3974:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3924:
3908:
3892:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3831:
3829:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3712:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3642:
3640:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3549:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3411:
3409:
3397:
3395:
3383:
3379:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3336:
3318:
3299:
3297:
3288:
3275:
3271:
3269:
3231:
3229:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3184:
3167:
3136:
3134:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3100:L. Julius Ursus Servianus
3096:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2907:
2898:
2896:
2888:
2886:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2852:
2850:
2838:
2836:
2824:
2822:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2776:
2772:
2770:
2758:
2756:
2744:
2742:
2728:
2696:
2679:
2665:
2656:
2631:
2607:
2605:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2577:
2575:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2517:
2515:
2486:
2444:
2430:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2384:
2372:
2370:
2358:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2272:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2162:
1819:Lucius Volusius Maecianus
1607:
1433:Lucius Volusius Maecianus
1161:coast, the Greek city of
801:, his district including
440:Year of the Five Emperors
258:
235:
223:
214:
207:
202:
197:
193:
146:
136:
124:
111:
92:
88:
72:
62:
58:11 July 138 – 7 March 161
54:
47:
28:
23:
13292:Cleopatra VII Philopator
11549:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
10307: (<3150–2040 BC)
10105:Michael VIII Palaiologos
8538:A. le Pieux et son Temps
8416:Birley, Anthony (2000).
8407:Bowman, Alan K. (2000).
8138:, pp. 118, 278 n.6.
7771:Geoffrey William Adams,
7255:, Heidelberg: Springer,
7064:. Cambridge U.P., 2009,
6930:Philip A. Harland, ed.,
6592:, entry "Antoninus Pius"
6559:Birley, Anthony (2012).
6380:Birley, Anthony (2005),
6329:, 17, 1981. pp. 133–141.
5626:Gayraud, Michel (1970).
5559:Harvey, Paul B. (2006).
5006:= posthumously deified (
3896:Calvisia Domitia Lucilla
2262:Q. Marcius Barea Soranus
1821:who assumed the role of
1775:Hadrian's Arch in Athens
1733:have been discovered in
1670:Furthermore, a piece of
1483:presumption of innocence
659:Marcus Annius Verus (II)
298:Roman imperial dynasties
13903:Roman governors of Asia
13883:Imperial Roman praetors
13265:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
13180:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
11474:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
9960:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
9594:Tiberius II Constantine
8511:Encyclopædia Britannica
8235:Grant, Michael (2016).
8196:Gibbon, Edward (2015).
7686:Young, Gary K. (2001).
7116:The Roman Empire at Bay
6844:. Leiden: Brill, 2004,
6711:. Leiden: Brill, 2001,
6659:Marta García Morcillo,
5893:Daucé, Fernand (1968).
5761:Vagi, David L. (2000).
4528:Ti. Claudius Pompeianus
3654:L. Caesennius Antoninus
1968:Encyclopædia Britannica
1747:purchasing Chinese silk
1663:, probably acquired in
1429:Lucius Ulpius Marcellus
1026:Quintus Lollius Urbicus
970:). The emperor and his
787:Lucius Catilius Severus
620:Gnaeus Arrius Antoninus
13888:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
13868:Deified Roman emperors
13848:Ancient Roman adoptees
13307:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
13286:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
13280:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
13235:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
13205:Arsinoe III Philopator
12119:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
11589:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
11529:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
11120:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
10115:Michael IX Palaiologos
8686:T. Rutilius Propinquus
8582:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
8460:Hill, John E. (2009).
8184:Life of Antoninus Pius
7821:. Leiden: Brill, 199,
7314:(CRDF). Vol. 10. 2012.
7037:Julio-Claudian dynasty
7022:, entry "Patrimonium".
6642:, Paris: Seuil, 2005,
6036:Life of Antoninus Pius
5911:10.3406/abpo.1968.2460
5318:Levick (2014), p. 117.
5273:Giacosa (1977), p. 10.
5237:Levick (2014), p. 164.
5215:Levick (2014), p. 162.
5190:Levick (2014), p. 163.
5063:Levick (2014), p. 161.
4761:Junius Licinius Balbus
4555:Junius Licinius Balbus
4549:M. Plautius Quintillus
4521:M. Annius Verus Caesar
3480:C. Fuscus Salinator II
3292:Julia Serviana Paulina
1996:
1983:
1949:
1937:
1842:
1777:
1641:(present-day northern
1585:
1573:cup unearthed from an
1461:
1356:
1243:
1146:
1097:
981:
968:San Lorenzo in Miranda
837:
770:
650:
493:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
304:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
292:
141:Annia Galeria Faustina
120:, Italia, Roman Empire
13255:Ptolemy X Alexander I
13220:Ptolemy VI Philometor
13200:Ptolemy IV Philopator
13195:Berenice II Euergetes
13190:Ptolemy III Euergetes
13152:Philip III Arrhidaeus
11661:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
11656:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
11010:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
10209:Thessalonian emperors
10203:Trapezuntine emperors
10164:John VIII Palaiologos
10159:Manuel II Palaiologos
10130:John VI Kantakouzenos
10046:Andronikos I Komnenos
9883:Constantine Lekapenos
8911:and empresses regnant
8797:Q. Antonius Isauricus
8528:The Reign of Antonine
8365:Epitome de Caesaribus
7978:"The Feriale Duranum"
7483:Harper, Kyle (2017).
7348:. Paris: Seuil 1999,
6761:Speidel, Michael P.,
6740:Rouben Paul Adalian,
6640:L'Empire Gréco-Romain
6327:Antiquités africaines
6124:, (1996), Routledge,
5883:, Antoninus Pius 6:7.
5794:, Antoninus Pius 1:7.
5691:, Antoninus Pius 1:6.
5644:10.3406/rea.1970.3874
5336:contributors (2000).
5117:Giacosa (1977), p. 9.
5084:Giacosa (1977), p. 7.
5051:Giacosa (1977), p. 8.
3286:C. Fuscus Salinator I
2269:Q. Marcius Barea Sura
2099:Annia Aurelia Fadilla
1991:
1974:
1943:
1927:
1872:Constantine the Great
1836:
1793:Marcus Gavius Maximus
1764:
1568:
1455:
1381:. An anecdote in the
1337:
1219:
1165:was held against the
1133:
1083:
957:
835:
768:
645:
638:Marriage and children
569:Titus Aurelius Fulvus
283:
243:Titus Aurelius Fulvus
115:7 March 161 (aged 74)
13688:Dynastic genealogies
13312:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
12608:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
12522:High Priests of Amun
12024:Merankhre Mentuhotep
11726:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
11721:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
11574:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
11281: (2040–1550 BC)
11000:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
10147:John VII Palaiologos
10095:Theodore II Laskaris
9955:Constantine X Doukas
9895:Nikephoros II Phokas
8859:L. Poblicola Priscus
8841:January–February 145
8744:L. Claudius Proculus
8647:G. Herennius Capella
8425:Bury, J. B. (1893).
7908:Hammond, M. (1938).
7878:Graf, Fritz (2015).
7515:Sino-Platonic Papers
7464:on 10 September 2014
7251:George Mousourakis,
7230:A. Arthur Schiller,
7217:John Anthony Crook,
6461:2 March 2017 at the
6261:, Vol. LXXV 19 book
5977:Lind, Goran (2008).
5444:Salomies, O (2014).
5375:. New York: Viking.
5293:"Marcus Aurelius" 24
3527:L. Caesennius Paetus
3470:L. Ceionius Commodus
3340:Cn. Arrius Antoninus
2635:C. Salonius Matidius
2016:the building of the
1773:, Greece, imitating
1678:has been found at a
1561:Sino-Roman relations
998:Mauretania Tingitana
720:Puellae Faustinianae
699:Faustina the Younger
678:Mausoleum of Hadrian
632:Publius Julius Lupus
551:Childhood and family
173:Faustina the Younger
13898:People from Lanuvio
13210:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
13147:Alexander the Great
12179: (1550–664 BC)
11701:Mershepsesre Ini II
11696:Merkawre Sobekhotep
11090:Neferkare IV Khendu
10078:Theodore I Laskaris
10063:Alexios III Angelos
10041:Alexios II Komnenos
9965:Romanos IV Diogenes
9920:Romanos III Argyros
9866:Romanos I Lekapenos
8801:L. Aurelius Flaccus
8761:M. Ceccius Justinus
8703:P. Cassius Secundus
8516:This source lists:
8479:Hüttl, W. (1936) .
8384:English translation
8371:English translation
8355:English translation
8316:, 35 (1957), p. 309
8301:Journal des savants
8295:5 June 2018 at the
8157:3 June 2018 at the
7864:2 June 2018 at the
7648:Hill (2009), p. 27.
7389:Grant, pp. 154–155.
7031:After the death of
6961:3 June 2018 at the
6913:. Oxford U. Press,
6905:3 June 2018 at the
6874:Conrad Gempf, ed.,
6208:2 June 2018 at the
6030:Traver, Andrew G.,
5899:Annales de Bretagne
4734:Plautius Quintillus
4727:L. Antistius Burrus
4709:Petronius Antoninus
4272:Q. Servilius Pudens
4265:Plautius Quintillus
3716:C. Avidius Nigrinus
2892:Libo Rupilius Frugi
2669:P. Acilius Attianus
2310:P. Aelius Hadrianus
2004:Römische Geschichte
1889:Hadrian's mausoleum
1575:Eastern Han dynasty
1547:. According to the
966:(now the church of
904:sodales Hadrianales
793:as one of the four
761:Favour with Hadrian
130:Hadrian's Mausoleum
13547:Trebonianus Gallus
12134:Senakhtenre Ahmose
11752:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
11706:Sewahenre Senebmiu
11681:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
11110:Neferkare V Tereru
11080:Neferkare III Neby
10748:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
10197:Britannic emperors
10191:Palmyrene emperors
10125:John V Palaiologos
10068:Alexios IV Angelos
10017:Constantine Doukas
10012:Alexios I Komnenos
10000:Constantine Doukas
9983:Michael VII Doukas
9945:Michael VI Bringas
9511:Romulus Augustulus
9134:Trebonianus Gallus
9127:Herennius Etruscus
8909:Byzantine emperors
8865:as suffect consuls
8828:as suffect consuls
8807:as suffect consuls
8771:as suffect consuls
8750:as suffect consuls
8713:as suffect consuls
8707:M. Nonius Mucianus
8692:as suffect consuls
8657:as suffect consuls
8639:Political offices
8182:Historia Augusta,
7888:. pp. 89–90.
7535:Chinese original:
7458:Fordham University
7156:Aloys Winterling,
6605:. Scholars Press,
6309:4 May 2018 at the
5726:. Strachan stemma.
5137:"Julius Servianus"
4224:C. Avidius Cassius
3553:T. Aurelius Fulvus
2002:has had it in his
1950:
1938:
1843:
1827:Praefectus annonae
1800:praetorian prefect
1778:
1586:
1577:(25–220 AD) tomb,
1462:
1357:
1244:
1147:
1098:
1016:, and amongst the
982:
838:
771:
743:Galeria Lysistrate
655:Faustina the Elder
651:
605:Gallia Narbonensis
583:family settled in
489:Five Good Emperors
293:
13800:
13799:
13787:
13786:
13678:
13677:
13674:
13673:
13670:
13669:
13594:Claudius Gothicus
13488:Severus Alexander
13455:Septimius Severus
13320:
13319:
13118:
13117:
12863:
12862:
12795:
12794:
12791:
12790:
12787:
12786:
12502:Osorkon the Elder
12453:
12452:
12230:
12229:
12160:
12159:
12156:
12155:
12152:
12151:
12124:Nubkheperre Intef
12004:Sekhemre Shedwast
11626:Sehetepkare Intef
11554:Semenkare Nebnuni
11483:
11482:
11330:
11329:
11262:
11261:
11258:
11257:
11254:
11253:
11037:
11036:
11015:Netjerkare Siptah
10937:Neferirkare Kakai
10782:
10781:
10586:
10585:
10356:
10355:
10252:
10251:
10090:John III Vatatzes
10036:Manuel I Komnenos
9775:Michael I Rangabe
9619:
9618:
9461:Petronius Maximus
9060:Severus Alexander
9028:Septimius Severus
8872:
8871:
8868:
8852:Succeeded by
8831:
8810:
8794:Succeeded by
8774:
8753:
8737:Succeeded by
8726:January–April 139
8716:
8695:
8679:Succeeded by
8660:
8625:Succeeded by
8519:Bossart-Mueller,
8471:978-1-4392-2134-1
8452:978-0-521-84026-2
8437:Cooley, Alison E.
8391:Secondary sources
8303:(1961), pp. 28–41
8108:HA Antoninus Pius
8050:Prid(ie) Nonr[tis
8020:978-1-136-61739-3
7991:978-1-134-57264-9
7781:978-0-7391-7638-2
7758:978-0-415-72078-6
7591:978-90-04-15605-0
7566:978-0-521-24327-8
7431:Alexander Severus
7333:978-2-84867-169-7
7261:978-3-319-12267-0
7206:978-0-7486-2050-0
7166:978-1-4051-7969-0
7124:978-0-415-84054-5
7114:David S. Potter,
7081:Edward Champlin,
7020:978-0-19-954556-8
6984:978-0-415-52217-5
6940:978-3-11-034014-3
6919:978-0-19-928863-2
6840:Barbara Burrell.
6750:978-0-8108-6096-4
6694:978-1-351-13570-2
6632:978-1-138-01920-1
6622:Albino Garzetti,
6611:978-0-891-30391-6
6590:978-0-1910-1676-9
6539:978-1-8539-9698-6
6529:David J. Breeze,
6497:978-1-84884-377-6
6390:978-0-19-925237-4
6189:, pp. 53–54.
5935:Anise K. Strong:
5492:978-0-521-84026-2
5477:Cooley, Alison E.
5428:
5427:
5404:978-0-19-537941-9
5023:
5022:
4950:
4949:
4485:M. Petronius Sura
2911:L. Vibius Sabinus
2290:M. Cocceius Nerva
2034:Hans-Georg Pflaum
1998:German historian
1719:Golden Chersonese
1617:-inus), "king of
1090:Museo Chiaramonti
1034:Germania Inferior
936:Paraskevi of Rome
724:Girls of Faustina
624:Pliny the Younger
593:Legio III Gallica
524:southern Scotland
478:
477:
445:
444:
393:
392:
309:
278:
277:
219:
218:
13920:
13794:List of pharaohs
13684:
13683:
13449:Pescennius Niger
13337:
13336:
13333:
13332:
13245:Ptolemy IX Soter
13215:Cleopatra I Syra
13135:
13134:
13131:
13130:
12880:
12879:
12876:
12875:
12832:
12831:
12823:
12822:
12816:
12815:
12801:
12800:
12552:Djedkhonsuefankh
12470:
12469:
12466:
12465:
12247:
12246:
12243:
12242:
12217:
12212:
12197:
12196:
12188:
12187:
12181:
12180:
12166:
12165:
11759:Qareh Khawoserre
11745:Yakbim Sekhaenre
11686:Mersekhemre Ined
11500:
11499:
11496:
11495:
11347:
11346:
11343:
11342:
11299:
11298:
11290:
11289:
11283:
11282:
11268:
11267:
11054:
11053:
11050:
11049:
10799:
10798:
10795:
10794:
10603:
10602:
10599:
10598:
10373:
10372:
10369:
10368:
10325:
10324:
10316:
10315:
10309:
10308:
10294:
10293:
10279:
10272:
10265:
10256:
10255:
10100:John IV Laskaris
10073:Alexios V Doukas
10058:Isaac II Angelos
10024:John II Komnenos
9950:Isaac I Komnenos
9910:Constantine VIII
9900:John I Tzimiskes
9627:Byzantine Empire
9401:
9400:
8898:
8891:
8884:
8875:
8874:
8862:
8825:
8815:Preceded by
8804:
8768:
8765:G. Julius Bassus
8758:Preceded by
8747:
8710:
8700:Preceded by
8689:
8654:
8651:L. Coelius Rufus
8644:Preceded by
8608:Preceded by
8598:
8591:
8573:
8572:
8561:
8515:
8494:
8492:
8491:
8484:
8475:
8456:
8432:
8421:
8412:
8403:
8376:Historia Augusta
8329:
8323:
8317:
8310:
8304:
8286:
8280:
8279:
8259:
8253:
8252:
8232:
8226:
8220:
8214:
8213:
8193:
8187:
8180:
8174:
8168:
8162:
8145:
8139:
8129:
8123:
8117:
8111:
8105:
8099:
8093:
8084:
8081:
8072:
8066:
8057:
8031:
8025:
8024:
8002:
7996:
7995:
7973:
7967:
7966:
7942:
7936:
7935:
7925:
7919:
7906:
7900:
7899:
7875:
7869:
7849:
7843:
7836:
7830:
7815:
7809:
7802:
7796:
7790:
7784:
7769:
7763:
7762:
7741:
7735:
7734:
7711:
7702:
7701:
7683:
7674:
7673:
7655:
7649:
7646:
7640:
7637:
7631:
7630:
7602:
7596:
7595:
7577:
7571:
7570:
7552:
7546:
7545:
7532:
7530:
7495:
7489:
7488:
7485:The Fate of Rome
7480:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7469:
7460:. Archived from
7445:
7434:
7419:
7413:
7408:
7402:
7396:
7390:
7387:
7381:
7363:
7357:
7342:
7336:
7321:
7315:
7308:
7302:
7287:
7281:
7275:
7264:
7249:
7243:
7228:
7222:
7215:
7209:
7194:
7188:
7182:
7169:
7154:
7148:
7133:
7127:
7112:
7106:
7100:
7094:
7079:
7073:
7059:
7053:
7050:
7044:
7029:
7023:
7014:, London: 2012,
7009:
7003:
6993:
6987:
6972:
6966:
6949:
6943:
6928:
6922:
6893:
6887:
6872:
6866:
6859:
6853:
6838:
6832:
6831:
6811:
6805:
6804:
6784:
6775:
6774:See Victor, 15:3
6772:
6766:
6759:
6753:
6738:
6732:
6726:
6720:
6705:
6699:
6698:
6678:
6672:
6657:
6651:
6620:
6614:
6599:
6593:
6578:
6572:
6557:
6551:
6548:
6542:
6527:
6521:
6508:Edward Luttwak,
6506:
6500:
6485:
6479:
6472:
6466:
6449:
6443:
6428:
6422:
6416:
6405:
6399:
6393:
6378:
6372:
6357:
6351:
6336:
6330:
6320:
6314:
6291:
6285:
6279:
6270:
6255:
6249:
6244:
6238:
6233:
6224:
6219:
6213:
6196:
6190:
6184:
6178:
6168:
6162:
6156:
6150:
6144:
6133:
6120:Grant, Michael,
6118:
6112:
6106:
6100:
6094:
6088:
6082:
6076:
6073:
6067:
6061:
6052:
6045:
6039:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5947:
5941:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5913:. Archived from
5890:
5884:
5881:Historia Augusta
5874:
5868:
5862:
5856:
5853:Historia Augusta
5849:
5843:
5833:
5827:
5817:
5811:
5808:Historia Augusta
5804:
5795:
5792:Historia Augusta
5785:
5779:
5778:
5758:
5752:
5751:
5733:
5727:
5721:
5715:
5709:
5692:
5689:Historia Augusta
5682:
5676:
5670:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5650:
5638:(3–4): 344–363.
5623:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5606:
5599:
5588:
5582:
5576:
5565:
5564:
5556:
5550:
5542:Historia Augusta
5534:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5497:
5496:
5473:
5464:
5463:
5441:
5422:
5408:
5386:
5367:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5319:
5316:
5305:
5302:
5296:
5280:
5274:
5271:
5256:
5253:
5247:
5244:
5238:
5235:
5216:
5213:
5200:
5197:
5191:
5188:
5175:
5172:
5166:
5159:
5153:
5146:
5140:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5106:
5096:
5085:
5082:
5073:
5070:
5064:
5061:
5052:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5005:
4995:
4989:
4983:
4973:
4967:(3) = 3rd spouse
4964:(2) = 2nd spouse
4961:(1) = 1st spouse
4956:
4955:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4754:Antonia Gordiana
4739:Plautia Servilla
4560:Servilia Ceionia
4503:
4501:
4495:
4478:Cornificia Minor
4249:
4247:
4241:
4218:
4206:
4204:
4198:
3950:L. Aelius Caesar
3939:
3937:
3931:
3922:
3334:Boionia Procilla
3321:Rupilia Faustina
3191:
3181:
3179:
3174:
3165:
2905:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2629:
2620:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2451:
2427:
2425:
2419:
2295:Sergia Plautilla
2275:Antonia Furnilla
2154:
2153:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2118:
2117:
1970:Eleventh Edition
1955:Augustan History
1884:Historia Augusta
1808:Historia Augusta
1804:vir severissimus
1757:Death and legacy
1716:
1713:
1696:Kingdom of Funan
1612:
1545:Judah the Prince
1493:, by means of a
1474:favor libertatis
1384:Historia Augusta
1284:Aelius Aristides
1264:Province of Asia
1241:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1197:as client king.
1179:Limes Germanicus
1177:, advancing the
1119:Historia Augusta
1071:Legio II Augusta
1062:Historia Augusta
899:prosopographical
857:Pontifex Maximus
663:Rupilia Faustina
595:, had supported
575:in 89, and wife
542:as co-emperors.
470:
463:
456:
437:Followed by
430:Preceded by
427:
426:
321:
320:
307:
295:
294:
195:
194:
157:
84:
33:
21:
20:
13928:
13927:
13923:
13922:
13921:
13919:
13918:
13917:
13908:Roman quaestors
13803:
13802:
13801:
13796:
13783:
13689:
13666:
13566:Macrianus Minor
13495:Maximinus Thrax
13431:Marcus Aurelius
13330:
13329:
13328:
13316:
13175:Ptolemy I Soter
13161:
13128:
13127:
13126:
13114:
13081:
13053:
13013:
12995:
12975:Psammetichus IV
12945:
12873:
12872:
12871:
12859:
12837:
12828:
12817:
12814:(664 BC–313 AD)
12813:
12812:
12783:
12745:
12722:
12718:Menkheperre Ini
12655:
12578:
12516:
12463:
12462:
12461:
12449:
12386:
12333:
12314:Neferneferuaten
12240:
12239:
12238:
12226:
12225:
12215:
12210:
12209:Pharaohs
12202:
12193:
12182:
12178:
12177:
12148:
12083:
12042:
11969:Sobekhotep VIII
11950:
11882:
11730:
11691:Sewadjkare Hori
11493:
11492:
11491:
11479:
11419:
11393:
11340:
11339:
11338:
11326:
11304:
11295:
11284:
11280:
11279:
11250:
11217:
11177:
11085:Djedkare Shemai
11047:
11046:
11045:
11033:
10971:
10913:
10856:
10792:
10791:
10790:
10778:
10672:
10596:
10595:
10594:
10582:
10487:
10366:
10365:
10364:
10352:
10330:
10321:
10310:
10306:
10305:
10288:
10283:
10253:
10248:
10241:
10185:Gallic emperors
10173:
9861:Constantine VII
9642:Constantine III
9629:
9626:
9615:
9524:
9516:
9455:Valentinian III
9443:Constantius III
9437:Priscus Attalus
9421:Constantine III
9407:
9399:
9289:Valerius Valens
9234:
9226:
9072:
9064:
9023:Didius Julianus
9003:Marcus Aurelius
8920:
8912:
8902:
8861:
8857:
8846:Marcus Aurelius
8842:
8840:
8824:
8822:D. Velius Fidus
8820:
8803:
8799:
8789:Marcus Aurelius
8785:
8783:
8767:
8763:
8746:
8742:
8727:
8725:
8709:
8705:
8688:
8684:
8670:
8668:
8653:
8649:
8634:
8628:Marcus Aurelius
8621:
8613:
8592:
8590:19 September 86
8586:
8585:
8578:
8577:Antoninus Pius
8571:
8566:
8558:
8504:, ed. (1911). "
8489:
8487:
8472:
8453:
8418:Marcus Aurelius
8360:Aurelius Victor
8341:Primary sources
8338:
8333:
8332:
8324:
8320:
8311:
8307:
8297:Wayback Machine
8287:
8283:
8276:
8260:
8256:
8249:
8233:
8229:
8221:
8217:
8210:
8194:
8190:
8181:
8177:
8169:
8165:
8159:Wayback Machine
8146:
8142:
8130:
8126:
8118:
8114:
8106:
8102:
8094:
8087:
8082:
8075:
8067:
8060:
8042:Feriale Duranum
8032:
8028:
8021:
8003:
7999:
7992:
7974:
7970:
7963:
7955:. p. 534.
7943:
7939:
7926:
7922:
7907:
7903:
7896:
7876:
7872:
7866:Wayback Machine
7852:Michel Christol
7850:
7846:
7840:Final Judgments
7837:
7833:
7816:
7812:
7803:
7799:
7791:
7787:
7770:
7766:
7759:
7742:
7738:
7731:
7712:
7705:
7698:
7684:
7677:
7670:
7656:
7652:
7647:
7643:
7638:
7634:
7603:
7599:
7592:
7578:
7574:
7567:
7553:
7549:
7536:
7534:
7528:10.1.1.698.1744
7510:
7500:
7498:
7496:
7492:
7481:
7477:
7467:
7465:
7446:
7437:
7420:
7416:
7409:
7405:
7397:
7393:
7388:
7384:
7364:
7360:
7343:
7339:
7322:
7318:
7309:
7305:
7289:Keith Bradley,
7288:
7284:
7276:
7267:
7250:
7246:
7229:
7225:
7216:
7212:
7196:Clifford Ando,
7195:
7191:
7183:
7172:
7155:
7151:
7134:
7130:
7113:
7109:
7101:
7097:
7080:
7076:
7060:
7056:
7051:
7047:
7030:
7026:
7010:
7006:
6994:
6990:
6974:Gary Forsythe,
6973:
6969:
6963:Wayback Machine
6950:
6946:
6929:
6925:
6907:Wayback Machine
6894:
6890:
6873:
6869:
6860:
6856:
6839:
6835:
6828:
6812:
6808:
6801:
6785:
6778:
6773:
6769:
6760:
6756:
6739:
6735:
6727:
6723:
6706:
6702:
6695:
6679:
6675:
6658:
6654:
6621:
6617:
6600:
6596:
6579:
6575:
6561:Marcus Aurelius
6558:
6554:
6549:
6545:
6528:
6524:
6507:
6503:
6486:
6482:
6473:
6469:
6463:Wayback Machine
6450:
6446:
6429:
6425:
6417:
6408:
6400:
6396:
6384:. Oxford U.P.,
6379:
6375:
6358:
6354:
6338:Michael Grant,
6337:
6333:
6323:Michel Christol
6321:
6317:
6311:Wayback Machine
6292:
6288:
6280:
6273:
6256:
6252:
6245:
6241:
6234:
6227:
6220:
6216:
6210:Wayback Machine
6197:
6193:
6185:
6181:
6169:
6165:
6157:
6153:
6145:
6136:
6119:
6115:
6107:
6103:
6095:
6091:
6083:
6079:
6074:
6070:
6062:
6055:
6046:
6042:
6029:
6025:
6018:
6002:
5998:
5991:
5975:
5971:
5964:
5948:
5944:
5934:
5930:
5920:
5918:
5891:
5887:
5875:
5871:
5863:
5859:
5850:
5846:
5834:
5830:
5818:
5814:
5805:
5798:
5786:
5782:
5775:
5759:
5755:
5748:
5734:
5730:
5722:
5718:
5710:
5695:
5687:, p. 242;
5683:
5679:
5671:
5658:
5648:
5646:
5624:
5620:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5597:
5589:
5585:
5577:
5568:
5557:
5553:
5547:Life of Hadrian
5535:
5531:
5523:
5519:
5511:
5500:
5493:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5442:
5438:
5433:
5405:
5391:Levick, Barbara
5383:
5364:
5342:
5340:
5322:
5317:
5308:
5303:
5299:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5259:
5254:
5250:
5245:
5241:
5236:
5219:
5214:
5203:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5178:
5173:
5169:
5160:
5156:
5147:
5143:
5134:
5130:
5125:
5121:
5116:
5109:
5097:
5088:
5083:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5062:
5055:
5050:
5046:
5041:
5037:
5003:
4997:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4979:
4971:
4934:
4932:
4927:
4498:
4496:
4491:
4279:Ceionia Plautia
4244:
4242:
4237:
4232:Aurelia Fadilla
4214:
4201:
4199:
4196:Marcus Aurelius
4194:
3934:
3932:
3927:
3918:
3889:M. Annius Verus
3315:M. Annius Verus
3187:
3176:
3170:
3161:
2903:Salonia Matidia
2901:
2659:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2625:
2618:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2447:
2434:Marcia Furnilla
2422:
2420:
2415:
2148:
2145:
2116:
2101:(159–after 211)
2026:
2000:Ernst Kornemann
1946:Palazzo Altemps
1922:
1903:Divus Antoninus
1839:Museo del Prado
1806:, according to
1759:
1723:Malay Peninsula
1714:
1706:, described by
1688:South China Sea
1676:Roman glassware
1563:
1557:
1466:enfranchisement
1351:
1332:
1253:Antonine Plague
1214:
1124:Fasti Ostienses
1094:Vatican Museums
978:Marcus Aurelius
952:
950:Lack of warfare
932:
880:Lucius Commodus
830:
818:Marcus Aurelius
763:
755:Marcus Aurelius
703:Marcus Aurelius
640:
553:
548:
536:Marcus Aurelius
474:
438:
433:Flavian dynasty
431:
416:
375:Marcus Aurelius
289:Marcus Aurelius
274:
254:
189:
178:Marcus Aurelius
169:Aurelia Fadilla
151:
150:
132:
116:
99:
98:19 September 86
97:
78:Marcus Aurelius
76:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
13926:
13916:
13915:
13913:Roman pharaohs
13910:
13905:
13900:
13895:
13890:
13885:
13880:
13875:
13873:Gaulish people
13870:
13865:
13860:
13855:
13850:
13845:
13840:
13838:Adult adoptees
13835:
13830:
13825:
13820:
13815:
13813:Antoninus Pius
13798:
13797:
13792:
13789:
13788:
13785:
13784:
13782:
13781:
13776:
13771:
13766:
13761:
13756:
13751:
13746:
13741:
13736:
13731:
13726:
13721:
13716:
13711:
13706:
13703:
13700:
13694:
13691:
13690:
13680:
13679:
13676:
13675:
13672:
13671:
13668:
13667:
13665:
13664:
13662:Maximinus Daza
13659:
13654:
13649:
13644:
13637:
13630:
13623:
13618:
13611:
13604:
13597:
13590:
13583:
13576:
13569:
13562:
13557:
13550:
13543:
13538:
13533:
13526:
13519:
13512:
13505:
13498:
13491:
13484:
13477:
13472:
13467:
13462:
13457:
13452:
13445:
13438:
13433:
13428:
13423:
13421:Antoninus Pius
13418:
13413:
13408:
13403:
13398:
13393:
13388:
13381:
13376:
13371:
13366:
13361:
13356:
13351:
13345:
13343:
13334:
13331:(30 BC–313 AD)
13322:
13321:
13318:
13317:
13315:
13314:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13294:
13289:
13282:
13277:
13272:
13267:
13262:
13257:
13252:
13247:
13242:
13237:
13232:
13227:
13222:
13217:
13212:
13207:
13202:
13197:
13192:
13187:
13182:
13177:
13171:
13169:
13163:
13162:
13160:
13159:
13154:
13149:
13143:
13141:
13132:
13120:
13119:
13116:
13115:
13113:
13112:
13107:
13102:
13097:
13095:Artaxerxes III
13091:
13089:
13083:
13082:
13080:
13079:
13074:
13069:
13063:
13061:
13055:
13054:
13052:
13051:
13044:
13039:
13034:
13029:
13023:
13021:
13015:
13014:
13012:
13011:
13005:
13003:
12997:
12996:
12994:
12993:
12988:
12983:
12978:
12971:
12966:
12964:Petubastis III
12961:
12955:
12953:
12947:
12946:
12944:
12943:
12938:
12933:
12928:
12923:
12918:
12913:
12908:
12901:
12896:
12888:
12886:
12877:
12865:
12864:
12861:
12860:
12858:
12857:
12852:
12851:
12850:
12847:
12840:
12838:
12835:
12829:
12826:
12819:
12818:
12797:
12796:
12793:
12792:
12789:
12788:
12785:
12784:
12782:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12755:
12753:
12747:
12746:
12744:
12743:
12738:
12732:
12730:
12724:
12723:
12721:
12720:
12715:
12708:
12703:
12698:
12693:
12688:
12681:
12676:
12671:
12665:
12663:
12657:
12656:
12654:
12653:
12648:
12641:
12636:
12631:
12626:
12621:
12616:
12611:
12604:
12599:
12594:
12588:
12586:
12580:
12579:
12577:
12576:
12569:
12564:
12559:
12554:
12549:
12544:
12539:
12532:
12526:
12524:
12518:
12517:
12515:
12514:
12509:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12489:
12484:
12478:
12476:
12467:
12459:3 Intermediate
12455:
12454:
12451:
12450:
12448:
12447:
12442:
12437:
12432:
12427:
12422:
12417:
12412:
12407:
12402:
12396:
12394:
12388:
12387:
12385:
12384:
12379:
12374:
12369:
12364:
12359:
12354:
12349:
12343:
12341:
12335:
12334:
12332:
12331:
12326:
12321:
12316:
12311:
12306:
12301:
12296:
12291:
12286:
12281:
12276:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12255:
12253:
12244:
12241:(1550–1070 BC)
12232:
12231:
12228:
12227:
12224:
12223:
12218:
12213:
12206:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12194:
12191:
12184:
12183:
12162:
12161:
12158:
12157:
12154:
12153:
12150:
12149:
12147:
12146:
12141:
12136:
12131:
12126:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12106:
12099:
12093:
12091:
12085:
12084:
12082:
12081:
12074:
12067:
12060:
12052:
12050:
12044:
12043:
12041:
12040:
12033:
12026:
12021:
12016:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11991:
11986:
11981:
11976:
11974:Neferhotep III
11971:
11966:
11960:
11958:
11952:
11951:
11949:
11948:
11943:
11938:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11914:
11907:
11900:
11892:
11890:
11884:
11883:
11881:
11880:
11873:
11866:
11859:
11852:
11845:
11838:
11831:
11826:
11821:
11816:
11811:
11806:
11804:Sewadjkare III
11801:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11776:
11773:Maaibre Sheshi
11769:
11766:'Ammu Ahotepre
11762:
11755:
11748:
11740:
11738:
11732:
11731:
11729:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11676:Merhotepre Ini
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11636:Sobekhotep III
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11606:
11601:
11596:
11591:
11586:
11581:
11576:
11571:
11566:
11561:
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11508:
11506:
11497:
11494:(1802–1550 BC)
11489:2 Intermediate
11485:
11484:
11481:
11480:
11478:
11477:
11470:
11465:
11460:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11429:
11427:
11421:
11420:
11418:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11401:
11399:
11395:
11394:
11392:
11391:
11386:
11384:Mentuhotep III
11381:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11361:
11355:
11353:
11344:
11341:(2040–1802 BC)
11336:Middle Kingdom
11332:
11331:
11328:
11327:
11325:
11324:
11319:
11318:
11317:
11314:
11307:
11305:
11302:
11296:
11293:
11286:
11285:
11273:Middle Kingdom
11264:
11263:
11260:
11259:
11256:
11255:
11252:
11251:
11249:
11248:
11243:
11238:
11236:Neferkare VIII
11233:
11227:
11225:
11219:
11218:
11216:
11215:
11208:
11203:
11201:Nebkaure Khety
11198:
11193:
11191:Meryibre Khety
11187:
11185:
11179:
11178:
11176:
11175:
11168:
11161:
11154:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11132:
11127:
11125:Neferkamin Anu
11122:
11117:
11112:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11087:
11082:
11077:
11072:
11066:
11064:
11051:
11048:(2181–2040 BC)
11043:1 Intermediate
11039:
11038:
11035:
11034:
11032:
11031:
11024:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11002:
10997:
10992:
10987:
10981:
10979:
10973:
10972:
10970:
10969:
10964:
10962:Djedkare Isesi
10959:
10957:Menkauhor Kaiu
10954:
10949:
10944:
10939:
10934:
10929:
10923:
10921:
10915:
10914:
10912:
10911:
10904:
10899:
10894:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10866:
10864:
10858:
10857:
10855:
10854:
10849:
10842:
10835:
10830:
10823:
10818:
10813:
10807:
10805:
10796:
10793:(2686–2181 BC)
10784:
10783:
10780:
10779:
10777:
10776:
10771:
10764:
10757:
10750:
10745:
10740:
10733:
10726:
10719:
10712:
10705:
10698:
10693:
10688:
10682:
10680:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10670:
10663:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10641:
10636:
10631:
10626:
10621:
10611:
10609:
10600:
10597:(3150–2686 BC)
10592:Early Dynastic
10588:
10587:
10584:
10583:
10581:
10580:
10571:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10547:
10540:
10533:
10526:
10519:
10512:
10505:
10497:
10495:
10489:
10488:
10486:
10485:
10478:
10473:
10466:
10459:
10452:
10445:
10438:
10431:
10424:
10417:
10410:
10403:
10396:
10389:
10381:
10379:
10370:
10358:
10357:
10354:
10353:
10351:
10350:
10345:
10344:
10343:
10340:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10322:
10319:
10312:
10311:
10290:
10289:
10282:
10281:
10274:
10267:
10259:
10250:
10249:
10246:
10243:
10242:
10240:
10239:
10238:
10237:
10232:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10206:
10200:
10194:
10188:
10181:
10179:
10175:
10174:
10172:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10144:
10139:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10112:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10092:
10087:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10021:
10009:
10004:
9980:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9942:
9940:Theodora (III)
9937:
9932:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9836:
9831:
9819:
9807:
9802:
9790:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9755:Constantine VI
9752:
9747:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9719:Theodosius III
9716:
9711:
9706:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9664:Constantine IV
9661:
9656:
9644:
9639:
9633:
9631:
9621:
9620:
9617:
9616:
9614:
9613:
9608:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9576:
9571:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9528:
9526:
9522:Eastern Empire
9518:
9517:
9515:
9514:
9507:
9502:
9495:
9488:
9483:
9476:
9471:
9464:
9457:
9452:
9445:
9440:
9433:
9417:
9411:
9409:
9405:Western Empire
9398:
9397:
9390:
9378:Magnus Maximus
9374:
9372:Valentinian II
9369:
9364:
9359:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9325:
9318:
9311:
9306:
9304:Constantius II
9301:
9299:Constantine II
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9238:
9236:
9228:
9227:
9225:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9167:
9162:
9154:
9149:
9131:
9119:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9076:
9074:
9066:
9065:
9063:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8998:Antoninus Pius
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8924:
8922:
8921:27 BC – AD 235
8914:
8913:
8901:
8900:
8893:
8886:
8878:
8870:
8869:
8853:
8850:
8832:
8816:
8812:
8811:
8795:
8792:
8775:
8759:
8755:
8754:
8738:
8735:
8717:
8701:
8697:
8696:
8680:
8677:
8661:
8645:
8641:
8640:
8636:
8635:
8626:
8623:
8614:
8609:
8605:
8604:
8603:Regnal titles
8600:
8599:
8579:
8576:
8570:
8569:External links
8567:
8565:
8564:
8563:
8562:
8556:
8541:
8531:
8524:
8506:Antoninus Pius
8502:Chisholm, Hugh
8485:
8481:Antoninus Pius
8476:
8470:
8457:
8451:
8433:
8422:
8413:
8404:
8394:
8393:
8392:
8388:
8387:
8373:
8357:
8343:
8342:
8337:
8334:
8331:
8330:
8318:
8305:
8281:
8274:
8254:
8247:
8227:
8225:, p. 524.
8215:
8208:
8188:
8175:
8173:, p. 118.
8163:
8140:
8124:
8122:, p. 114.
8112:
8100:
8098:, p. 532.
8085:
8073:
8071:, p. 156.
8058:
8026:
8019:
7997:
7990:
7968:
7961:
7937:
7934:. p. 101.
7920:
7901:
7894:
7870:
7844:
7831:
7810:
7797:
7795:, p. 112.
7785:
7764:
7757:
7736:
7729:
7703:
7696:
7675:
7668:
7650:
7641:
7632:
7619:10.2307/605541
7597:
7590:
7572:
7565:
7547:
7490:
7475:
7435:
7414:
7403:
7401:, p. 154.
7391:
7382:
7358:
7337:
7316:
7303:
7282:
7280:, p. 527.
7265:
7244:
7223:
7210:
7189:
7187:, p. 526.
7170:
7149:
7128:
7107:
7095:
7074:
7054:
7045:
7024:
7004:
6988:
6967:
6944:
6923:
6888:
6867:
6854:
6833:
6826:
6806:
6799:
6776:
6767:
6754:
6733:
6731:, p. 113.
6721:
6700:
6693:
6673:
6652:
6615:
6594:
6573:
6552:
6543:
6522:
6501:
6487:Peter Spring,
6480:
6467:
6444:
6423:
6421:, p. 155.
6406:
6404:, p. 152.
6394:
6373:
6352:
6331:
6315:
6286:
6284:, p. 525.
6271:
6250:
6239:
6225:
6214:
6191:
6179:
6163:
6151:
6149:, p. 151.
6134:
6113:
6111:, p. 492.
6101:
6099:, p. 517.
6089:
6087:, p. 148.
6077:
6068:
6066:, p. 149.
6053:
6040:
6023:
6016:
5996:
5989:
5969:
5962:
5942:
5928:
5905:(1): 270–276.
5885:
5879:, p. 77;
5869:
5867:, p. 528.
5857:
5851:Magie, David,
5844:
5828:
5812:
5806:Magie, David,
5796:
5790:, p. 34;
5780:
5773:
5753:
5746:
5728:
5716:
5713:Antoninus Pius
5693:
5677:
5656:
5618:
5583:
5581:, p. 523.
5566:
5551:
5529:
5517:
5515:, p. 150.
5498:
5491:
5465:
5458:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5415:, ed. (1870).
5413:Smith, William
5409:
5403:
5387:
5381:
5368:
5362:
5349:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5306:
5297:
5275:
5257:
5248:
5239:
5217:
5201:
5192:
5176:
5167:
5154:
5152:, pp. 319–322.
5148:Smith (1870),
5141:
5135:Smith (1870),
5128:
5119:
5107:
5086:
5074:
5065:
5053:
5044:
5034:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5001:
4998:
4992:
4986:
4980:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4938: 238–244
4925:
4923:
4921:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4758:
4756:
4751:
4749:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4720:Aurelia Sabina
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4533:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4502: 177–192
4489:
4487:
4482:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4262:
4260:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4248: 161–169
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4221:
4219:
4216:Faustina Minor
4212:
4210:
4208:
4205: 161–180
4192:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3938: 138–161
3929:Antoninus Pius
3925:
3923:
3916:
3914:
3912:M. Annius Libo
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3893:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Arria Antonina
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3183:
3180: 117–138
3168:
3166:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2882:Lucius Mindius
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2676:P. Aelius Afer
2673:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2657:
2655:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2449:Trajanus Pater
2445:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2085:Annia Faustina
2070:
2069:
2068:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2025:
2022:
1921:
1920:Historiography
1918:
1879:Campus Martius
1767:triumphal arch
1758:
1755:
1556:
1553:
1538:Roman currency
1534:hippopotamuses
1505:) in general.
1437:Fidei commissa
1353:British Museum
1331:
1328:
1213:
1210:
1175:Agri Decumates
1151:Dacia Inferior
1144:Parthamaspates
1086:muscle cuirass
1057:Firth of Clyde
1053:Firth of Forth
1028:, a native of
951:
948:
940:Antoninus Pius
931:
928:
922:(Etruria) and
829:
826:
797:to administer
762:
759:
707:
706:
695:
684:
681:
639:
636:
552:
549:
547:
544:
476:
475:
473:
472:
465:
458:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
435:
423:
422:
418:
417:
415:
414:
409:
403:
400:
399:
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
381:
380:
377:
371:
370:
367:
361:
360:
357:
355:Antoninus Pius
351:
350:
347:
341:
340:
337:
331:
330:
327:
317:
316:
312:
311:
300:
299:
276:
275:
273:
272:
266:
262:
260:
256:
255:
253:
252:
246:
239:
237:
233:
232:
230:Nerva–Antonine
227:
221:
220:
217:
216:
212:
211:
205:
204:
200:
199:
191:
190:
188:
187:
181:
175:
170:
167:
164:
160:
158:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
126:
122:
121:
113:
109:
108:
107:, Roman Empire
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
45:
44:
34:
26:
25:
24:Antoninus Pius
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13925:
13914:
13911:
13909:
13906:
13904:
13901:
13899:
13896:
13894:
13891:
13889:
13886:
13884:
13881:
13879:
13876:
13874:
13871:
13869:
13866:
13864:
13861:
13859:
13858:Aurelii Fulvi
13856:
13854:
13851:
13849:
13846:
13844:
13841:
13839:
13836:
13834:
13831:
13829:
13826:
13824:
13821:
13819:
13816:
13814:
13811:
13810:
13808:
13795:
13790:
13780:
13777:
13775:
13772:
13770:
13767:
13765:
13762:
13760:
13757:
13755:
13752:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13740:
13737:
13735:
13732:
13730:
13727:
13725:
13722:
13720:
13717:
13715:
13712:
13710:
13707:
13704:
13701:
13699:
13696:
13695:
13692:
13685:
13681:
13663:
13660:
13658:
13655:
13653:
13650:
13648:
13645:
13643:
13642:
13638:
13636:
13635:
13631:
13629:
13628:
13624:
13622:
13619:
13617:
13616:
13612:
13610:
13609:
13605:
13603:
13602:
13598:
13596:
13595:
13591:
13589:
13588:
13584:
13582:
13581:
13577:
13575:
13574:
13570:
13568:
13567:
13563:
13561:
13558:
13556:
13555:
13551:
13549:
13548:
13544:
13542:
13539:
13537:
13534:
13532:
13531:
13527:
13525:
13524:
13520:
13518:
13517:
13513:
13511:
13510:
13506:
13504:
13503:
13499:
13497:
13496:
13492:
13490:
13489:
13485:
13483:
13482:
13478:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13468:
13466:
13463:
13461:
13458:
13456:
13453:
13451:
13450:
13446:
13444:
13443:
13439:
13437:
13434:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13397:
13394:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13386:
13382:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13372:
13370:
13367:
13365:
13362:
13360:
13357:
13355:
13352:
13350:
13347:
13346:
13344:
13342:
13338:
13335:
13327:
13323:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13298:
13295:
13293:
13290:
13288:
13287:
13283:
13281:
13278:
13276:
13273:
13271:
13268:
13266:
13263:
13261:
13258:
13256:
13253:
13251:
13248:
13246:
13243:
13241:
13240:Cleopatra III
13238:
13236:
13233:
13231:
13228:
13226:
13223:
13221:
13218:
13216:
13213:
13211:
13208:
13206:
13203:
13201:
13198:
13196:
13193:
13191:
13188:
13186:
13183:
13181:
13178:
13176:
13173:
13172:
13170:
13168:
13164:
13158:
13155:
13153:
13150:
13148:
13145:
13144:
13142:
13140:
13136:
13133:
13125:
13121:
13111:
13108:
13106:
13103:
13101:
13098:
13096:
13093:
13092:
13090:
13088:
13084:
13078:
13075:
13073:
13070:
13068:
13065:
13064:
13062:
13060:
13056:
13050:
13049:
13045:
13043:
13042:Nepherites II
13040:
13038:
13035:
13033:
13030:
13028:
13025:
13024:
13022:
13020:
13016:
13010:
13007:
13006:
13004:
13002:
12998:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12976:
12972:
12970:
12967:
12965:
12962:
12960:
12957:
12956:
12954:
12952:
12948:
12942:
12939:
12937:
12934:
12932:
12929:
12927:
12924:
12922:
12919:
12917:
12914:
12912:
12909:
12907:
12906:
12902:
12900:
12897:
12895:
12894:
12890:
12889:
12887:
12885:
12881:
12878:
12870:
12866:
12856:
12853:
12848:
12845:
12844:
12842:
12841:
12839:
12833:
12830:
12824:
12820:
12811:
12807:
12802:
12798:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12756:
12754:
12752:
12748:
12742:
12739:
12737:
12734:
12733:
12731:
12729:
12725:
12719:
12716:
12714:
12713:
12709:
12707:
12704:
12702:
12699:
12697:
12694:
12692:
12689:
12687:
12686:
12682:
12680:
12677:
12675:
12672:
12670:
12667:
12666:
12664:
12662:
12658:
12652:
12649:
12647:
12646:
12642:
12640:
12637:
12635:
12632:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
12620:
12617:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12609:
12605:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12589:
12587:
12585:
12581:
12575:
12574:
12573:Psusennes III
12570:
12568:
12565:
12563:
12560:
12558:
12555:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12545:
12543:
12540:
12538:
12537:
12533:
12531:
12528:
12527:
12525:
12523:
12519:
12513:
12510:
12508:
12505:
12503:
12500:
12498:
12495:
12493:
12490:
12488:
12485:
12483:
12480:
12479:
12477:
12475:
12471:
12468:
12464:(1069–664 BC)
12460:
12456:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12438:
12436:
12433:
12431:
12430:Ramesses VIII
12428:
12426:
12423:
12421:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12411:
12408:
12406:
12403:
12401:
12398:
12397:
12395:
12393:
12389:
12383:
12380:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12365:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12355:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12344:
12342:
12340:
12336:
12330:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12320:
12317:
12315:
12312:
12310:
12307:
12305:
12302:
12300:
12299:Amenhotep III
12297:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12285:
12282:
12280:
12277:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12256:
12254:
12252:
12248:
12245:
12237:
12233:
12222:
12219:
12214:
12208:
12207:
12204:
12198:
12195:
12189:
12185:
12176:
12172:
12167:
12163:
12145:
12142:
12140:
12139:Seqenenre Tao
12137:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12114:Sobekemsaf II
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12104:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12094:
12092:
12090:
12086:
12080:
12079:
12075:
12073:
12072:
12068:
12066:
12065:
12064:Wepwawetemsaf
12061:
12059:
12058:
12054:
12053:
12051:
12049:
12045:
12039:
12038:
12034:
12032:
12031:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11982:
11980:
11977:
11975:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11962:
11961:
11959:
11957:
11953:
11947:
11944:
11942:
11939:
11937:
11936:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11919:
11915:
11913:
11912:
11908:
11906:
11905:
11901:
11899:
11898:
11894:
11893:
11891:
11889:
11885:
11879:
11878:
11874:
11872:
11871:
11867:
11865:
11864:
11860:
11858:
11857:
11853:
11851:
11850:
11846:
11844:
11843:
11839:
11837:
11836:
11832:
11830:
11827:
11825:
11822:
11820:
11817:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11774:
11770:
11768:
11767:
11763:
11761:
11760:
11756:
11754:
11753:
11749:
11747:
11746:
11742:
11741:
11739:
11737:
11733:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11671:Merneferre Ay
11669:
11667:
11666:Wahibre Ibiau
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11651:Sobekhotep IV
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11611:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11575:
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11514:
11510:
11509:
11507:
11505:
11501:
11498:
11490:
11486:
11476:
11475:
11471:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11458:Amenemhat III
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11430:
11428:
11426:
11422:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11402:
11400:
11396:
11390:
11389:Mentuhotep IV
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11379:Mentuhotep II
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11356:
11354:
11352:
11348:
11345:
11337:
11333:
11323:
11320:
11315:
11312:
11311:
11309:
11308:
11306:
11300:
11297:
11291:
11287:
11278:
11274:
11269:
11265:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11241:Wahkare Khety
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11228:
11226:
11224:
11220:
11214:
11213:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11196:Neferkare VII
11194:
11192:
11189:
11188:
11186:
11184:
11180:
11174:
11173:
11169:
11167:
11166:
11162:
11160:
11159:
11155:
11153:
11152:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11118:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11093:
11091:
11088:
11086:
11083:
11081:
11078:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11067:
11065:
11063:
11059:
11055:
11052:
11044:
11040:
11030:
11029:
11025:
11023:
11022:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11001:
10998:
10996:
10993:
10991:
10988:
10986:
10983:
10982:
10980:
10978:
10974:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10924:
10922:
10920:
10916:
10910:
10909:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10892:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10867:
10865:
10863:
10859:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10847:
10843:
10841:
10840:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10828:
10824:
10822:
10819:
10817:
10814:
10812:
10809:
10808:
10806:
10804:
10800:
10797:
10789:
10785:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10769:
10765:
10763:
10762:
10758:
10756:
10755:
10751:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10743:Seth-Peribsen
10741:
10739:
10738:
10734:
10732:
10731:
10727:
10725:
10724:
10720:
10718:
10717:
10713:
10711:
10710:
10706:
10704:
10703:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10686:Hotepsekhemwy
10684:
10683:
10681:
10679:
10675:
10669:
10668:
10664:
10662:
10661:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10616:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10608:
10604:
10601:
10593:
10589:
10579:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10569:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10552:
10548:
10546:
10545:
10541:
10539:
10538:
10534:
10532:
10531:
10527:
10525:
10524:
10520:
10518:
10517:
10513:
10511:
10510:
10506:
10504:
10503:
10499:
10498:
10496:
10494:
10490:
10484:
10483:
10479:
10477:
10476:Double Falcon
10474:
10472:
10471:
10467:
10465:
10464:
10460:
10458:
10457:
10453:
10451:
10450:
10446:
10444:
10443:
10439:
10437:
10436:
10432:
10430:
10429:
10425:
10423:
10422:
10418:
10416:
10415:
10411:
10409:
10408:
10404:
10402:
10401:
10397:
10395:
10394:
10390:
10388:
10387:
10383:
10382:
10380:
10378:
10374:
10371:
10367:(pre-3150 BC)
10363:
10362:Protodynastic
10359:
10349:
10346:
10341:
10338:
10337:
10335:
10334:
10332:
10326:
10323:
10317:
10313:
10304:
10300:
10299:Protodynastic
10295:
10291:
10287:
10280:
10275:
10273:
10268:
10266:
10261:
10260:
10257:
10244:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10227:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10210:
10207:
10204:
10201:
10198:
10195:
10192:
10189:
10186:
10183:
10182:
10180:
10176:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10154:
10153:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10137:
10136:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10085:
10084:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10053:
10052:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10031:
10030:
10025:
10022:
10019:
10018:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10002:
10001:
9996:
9995:
9990:
9989:
9984:
9981:
9978:
9977:
9972:
9971:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9885:
9884:
9879:
9878:
9873:
9872:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9846:
9845:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9829:
9828:
9823:
9822:Theodora (II)
9820:
9817:
9816:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9800:
9799:
9794:
9791:
9788:
9787:
9782:
9781:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9744:
9743:
9737:
9736:
9732:
9730:
9729:Constantine V
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9714:Anastasius II
9712:
9710:
9707:
9704:
9703:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9677:
9676:
9671:
9670:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9654:
9653:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9634:
9632:
9628:
9622:
9612:
9609:
9606:
9605:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9569:
9568:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9537:Theodosius II
9535:
9533:
9530:
9529:
9527:
9523:
9519:
9513:
9512:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9500:
9496:
9494:
9493:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9481:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9469:
9465:
9463:
9462:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9450:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9438:
9434:
9431:
9430:
9429:
9423:
9422:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9412:
9410:
9406:
9402:
9396:
9395:
9391:
9388:
9387:
9386:
9380:
9379:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9357:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9345:Valentinian I
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9330:
9326:
9324:
9323:
9319:
9317:
9316:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9274:
9270:
9268:
9267:Constantine I
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9257:Constantius I
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9239:
9237:
9233:
9229:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9177:
9176:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9160:
9159:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9147:
9146:
9141:
9140:
9135:
9132:
9129:
9128:
9123:
9120:
9117:
9116:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9077:
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8618:Roman emperor
8612:
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8596:
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8559:
8557:9780836956672
8553:
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8525:
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8512:
8507:
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8498:
8497:public domain
8486:
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8477:
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8464:. BookSurge.
8463:
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8385:
8381:
8377:
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8368:
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8352:
8351:Roman History
8348:
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8340:
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8328:
8322:
8315:
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8291:
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8271:
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8248:9781317972112
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7895:9781107092112
7891:
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7848:
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7835:
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7824:
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7814:
7807:
7806:The Antonines
7801:
7794:
7789:
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7778:
7774:
7768:
7760:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7745:Ball, Warwick
7740:
7732:
7730:1-74114-893-6
7726:
7722:
7716:
7710:
7708:
7699:
7697:0-415-24219-3
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7378:0-8122-1599-0
7375:
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7354:2-02-025819-6
7351:
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7341:
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7326:
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7299:9780521263351
7296:
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7146:
7145:3-11-004571-0
7142:
7138:
7132:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7111:
7105:, p. 71.
7104:
7099:
7092:
7091:0-520-07103-4
7088:
7084:
7078:
7071:
7070:9780521263351
7067:
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6901:
6898:
6892:
6885:
6884:0-85364-564-7
6881:
6877:
6871:
6864:
6861:E.E. Bryant,
6858:
6851:
6850:90-04-12578-7
6847:
6843:
6837:
6829:
6827:9780231504072
6823:
6819:
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6810:
6802:
6800:9781847252357
6796:
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6717:90-04-12041-6
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6690:
6686:
6685:
6677:
6670:
6669:84-475-3017-5
6666:
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6598:
6591:
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6515:
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6477:
6471:
6464:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6448:
6441:
6440:0-415-31943-9
6437:
6433:
6432:Roman Britain
6427:
6420:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6403:
6398:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6377:
6370:
6369:0-19-280138-4
6366:
6362:
6356:
6349:
6348:0-415-13814-0
6345:
6341:
6335:
6328:
6324:
6319:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6295:
6294:René Rebuffat
6290:
6283:
6278:
6276:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6257:J.J. Wilkes,
6254:
6248:
6243:
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6204:
6201:
6195:
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6183:
6176:
6172:
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6161:, p. 55.
6160:
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6130:0-415-13814-0
6127:
6123:
6117:
6110:
6105:
6098:
6093:
6086:
6081:
6075:Bryant, p. 15
6072:
6065:
6060:
6058:
6050:
6047:E.E. Bryant,
6044:
6037:
6033:
6027:
6019:
6017:9781134695690
6013:
6009:
6008:
6000:
5992:
5990:9780199710539
5986:
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5981:
5973:
5965:
5963:9781107148758
5959:
5955:
5954:
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5917:on 4 May 2018
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5673:Chisholm 1911
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4258:Ceionia Fabia
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3600:
3598:
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3545:Arria Fadilla
3515:
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3296:
3293:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3218:
3212:
3190:
3173:
3164:
3132:
3131:Matidia Minor
3124:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3104:
3101:
3094:
3093:Paulina Minor
3055:
3043:
3041:
3012:
3009:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2964:
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2726:
2724:
2722:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2683:Paulina Major
2677:
2670:
2662:
2652: 98–117
2644:
2636:
2628:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2583:
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2535:
2527:
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2186:
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2128:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2106:
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2100:
2097:
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2071:
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2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2018:Antonine Wall
2013:
2010:
2009:Michael Grant
2005:
2001:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1964:
1963:Edward Gibbon
1959:
1957:
1956:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1855:Alpine cheese
1852:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:grey eminence
1820:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:Ruins of the
1763:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1709:
1705:
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1523:
1519:
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1500:
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1488:
1484:
1479:
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1471:
1467:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1408:power of the
1407:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1330:Legal reforms
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1223:
1218:
1209:
1207:
1206:Kushan Empire
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:Upper Germany
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:Antonine Wall
1046:
1041:
1039:
1036:as well as a
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
986:
979:
975:
974:
969:
965:
961:
956:
947:
945:
941:
937:
927:
925:
921:
916:
914:
910:
906:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
881:
875:
873:
872:
867:
863:
859:
858:
855:
851:
848:Titus Aelius
847:
844:
834:
825:
823:
819:
815:
814:Lucius Aelius
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
767:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
736:
731:
730:
725:
721:
716:
712:
704:
700:
696:
693:
689:
685:
682:
679:
675:
674:
673:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
649:
644:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Arria Fadilla
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
543:
541:
537:
534:adopted sons
531:
529:
528:Antonine Wall
525:
520:
516:
512:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
485:Roman emperor
482:
471:
466:
464:
459:
457:
452:
451:
449:
448:
441:
436:
434:
429:
428:
425:
424:
420:
419:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
402:
401:
397:
396:
389:177–192
388:
386:
383:
382:
379:161–180
378:
376:
373:
372:
369:161–169
368:
366:
363:
362:
359:138–161
358:
356:
353:
352:
349:117–138
348:
346:
343:
342:
338:
336:
333:
332:
328:
326:
323:
322:
319:
318:
314:
313:
305:
302:
301:
297:
296:
290:
286:
282:
270:
267:
265:Arria Fadilla
264:
263:
261:
257:
250:
247:
244:
241:
240:
238:
234:
231:
228:
226:
222:
213:
210:
206:
201:
196:
192:
185:
182:
179:
176:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
159:
156:
155:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
106:
102:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
49:Roman emperor
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
13639:
13632:
13625:
13613:
13606:
13599:
13592:
13585:
13578:
13571:
13564:
13552:
13545:
13528:
13521:
13514:
13507:
13500:
13493:
13486:
13479:
13447:
13440:
13426:Lucius Verus
13420:
13383:
13284:
13260:Berenice III
13250:Cleopatra IV
13225:Cleopatra II
13157:Alexander IV
13077:Nectanebo II
13046:
13027:Nepherites I
12986:Artaxerxes I
12973:
12903:
12891:
12874:(664–332 BC)
12854:
12810:Roman Period
12712:Shoshenq VII
12710:
12683:
12643:
12624:Shoshenq III
12606:
12571:
12534:
12512:Psusennes II
12425:Ramesses VII
12405:Ramesses III
12289:Amenhotep II
12284:Thutmose III
12220:
12109:Sobekemsaf I
12101:
12076:
12069:
12062:
12055:
12035:
12028:
11933:
11916:
11911:'Aper-'Anati
11909:
11902:
11895:
11875:
11868:
11861:
11854:
11847:
11840:
11833:
11819:Sekheperenre
11771:
11764:
11757:
11750:
11743:
11641:Neferhotep I
11631:Seth Meribre
11608:
11594:Djedkheperew
11511:
11472:
11463:Amenemhat IV
11453:Senusret III
11443:Amenemhat II
11359:Mentuhotep I
11321:
11210:
11170:
11163:
11156:
11149:
11075:Neferkare II
11026:
11019:
10952:Nyuserre Ini
10906:
10889:
10844:
10837:
10825:
10766:
10761:Neferkasokar
10759:
10752:
10735:
10728:
10721:
10714:
10707:
10700:
10665:
10658:
10566:
10549:
10542:
10535:
10528:
10521:
10514:
10509:Finger Snail
10507:
10500:
10480:
10468:
10461:
10454:
10447:
10440:
10433:
10426:
10419:
10412:
10405:
10398:
10391:
10384:
10347:
10152:Andronikos V
10150:
10133:
10081:
10049:
10027:
10015:
9998:
9992:
9986:
9974:
9968:
9881:
9875:
9869:
9842:
9825:
9813:
9796:
9784:
9778:
9765:Nikephoros I
9740:
9739:
9733:
9700:
9697:Justinian II
9692:Tiberius III
9682:Justinian II
9673:
9667:
9650:
9602:
9574:Anastasius I
9565:
9509:
9505:Julius Nepos
9497:
9490:
9478:
9466:
9459:
9447:
9435:
9426:
9425:
9419:
9392:
9383:
9382:
9376:
9367:Theodosius I
9354:
9327:
9320:
9313:
9284:Maximinus II
9271:
9173:
9156:
9143:
9137:
9125:
9113:
9046:
9008:Lucius Verus
8997:
8864:
8863:
8843:
8836:Roman consul
8834:
8827:
8826:
8806:
8805:
8786:
8779:Roman consul
8777:
8770:
8769:
8749:
8748:
8728:
8721:Roman consul
8719:
8712:
8711:
8691:
8690:
8671:
8665:Roman consul
8663:
8656:
8655:
8632:Lucius Verus
8616:
8594:
8587:
8580:
8546:
8537:
8534:Lacour-Gayet
8527:
8520:
8509:
8480:
8461:
8441:
8427:
8420:. Routledge.
8417:
8408:
8379:
8363:
8350:
8321:
8313:
8308:
8300:
8284:
8264:
8257:
8237:
8230:
8218:
8198:
8191:
8183:
8178:
8166:
8148:
8143:
8131:
8127:
8115:
8107:
8103:
8083:Victor, 15:7
8054:nones martis
8053:
8049:
8040:
8034:
8029:
8010:
8000:
7981:
7971:
7947:
7940:
7930:
7923:
7915:
7909:
7904:
7880:
7873:
7855:
7847:
7839:
7834:
7818:
7813:
7805:
7800:
7788:
7783:, pp. 74–75.
7772:
7767:
7748:
7739:
7720:
7687:
7659:
7653:
7644:
7635:
7613:(1): 71–79.
7610:
7606:
7600:
7581:
7575:
7556:
7550:
7541:
7518:
7514:
7499:Translation:
7493:
7484:
7478:
7468:17 September
7466:. Retrieved
7462:the original
7453:
7427:Lucius Verus
7417:
7406:
7394:
7385:
7369:
7361:
7345:
7340:
7324:
7319:
7311:
7306:
7290:
7285:
7252:
7247:
7231:
7226:
7218:
7213:
7197:
7192:
7157:
7152:
7136:
7131:
7115:
7110:
7098:
7082:
7077:
7061:
7057:
7048:
7027:
7011:
7007:
6999:
6991:
6975:
6970:
6952:
6947:
6931:
6926:
6910:
6896:
6891:
6875:
6870:
6862:
6857:
6841:
6836:
6816:
6809:
6789:
6770:
6762:
6757:
6741:
6736:
6724:
6708:
6703:
6683:
6676:
6660:
6655:
6639:
6623:
6618:
6602:
6597:
6581:
6576:
6560:
6555:
6546:
6530:
6525:
6509:
6504:
6488:
6483:
6475:
6470:
6452:
6447:
6431:
6426:
6397:
6381:
6376:
6360:
6355:
6339:
6334:
6326:
6318:
6297:
6289:
6258:
6253:
6242:
6217:
6199:
6194:
6182:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6154:
6121:
6116:
6104:
6092:
6080:
6071:
6048:
6043:
6035:
6031:
6026:
6006:
5999:
5979:
5972:
5952:
5945:
5936:
5931:
5919:. Retrieved
5915:the original
5902:
5898:
5888:
5880:
5872:
5860:
5852:
5847:
5835:
5831:
5819:
5815:
5807:
5791:
5783:
5763:
5756:
5737:
5731:
5719:
5712:
5688:
5680:
5647:. Retrieved
5635:
5631:
5621:
5609:. Retrieved
5593:
5586:
5560:
5554:
5546:
5540:
5532:
5520:
5481:
5449:
5439:
5416:
5394:
5372:
5353:
5341:. Retrieved
5333:
5327:
5300:
5287:
5278:
5251:
5242:
5195:
5170:
5162:
5157:
5144:
5131:
5122:
5098:
5068:
5047:
5038:
5031:
5028:
5007:
4239:Lucius Verus
3928:
3708:
3475:Appia Severa
2471: 96–98
2426: 79–81
2091:' third wife
2027:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1992:
1984:
1975:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1951:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1876:
1866:(surpassing
1844:
1816:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1786:
1779:
1669:
1614:
1609:
1596:Emperor Huan
1589:
1587:
1542:
1526:rhinoceroses
1507:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1473:
1463:
1440:
1436:
1422:
1414:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1340:Bouleuterion
1312:Great Mother
1309:
1297:
1267:
1257:
1245:
1203:
1199:
1148:
1139:
1118:
1116:
1103:
1099:
1060:
1042:
987:
983:
971:
944:Christianity
939:
933:
917:
902:
895:Epigraphical
884:
876:
869:
865:
841:
839:
822:Lucius Verus
811:
772:
740:
735:Cura Annonae
733:
727:
723:
719:
708:
671:
667:Vibia Sabina
652:
617:
559:(modern-day
554:
540:Lucius Verus
532:
497:
480:
479:
365:Lucius Verus
354:
339:98–117
269:Vibia Sabina
184:Lucius Verus
152:
82:Lucius Verus
35:Bust in the
18:
13530:Gordian III
13475:Diadumenian
13275:Cleopatra V
13129:(332–30 BC)
13124:Hellenistic
13067:Nectanebo I
12959:Cambyses II
12941:Psamtik III
12899:Tefnakht II
12701:Takelot III
12696:Osorkon III
12691:Shoshenq VI
12645:Pedubast II
12629:Shoshenq IV
12602:Shoshenq II
12567:Pinedjem II
12557:Menkheperre
12492:Psusennes I
12445:Ramesses XI
12435:Ramesses IX
12420:Ramesses VI
12410:Ramesses IV
12357:Ramesses II
12319:Tutankhamun
12294:Thutmose IV
12274:Thutmose II
12264:Amenhotep I
12236:New Kingdom
12171:New Kingdom
12030:Senusret IV
12014:Dedumose II
11989:Nebiriau II
11984:Nebiryraw I
11979:Mentuhotepi
11784:Khakherewre
11711:Merkheperre
11621:Imyremeshaw
11604:Sedjefakare
11559:Sehetepibre
11534:Ameny Qemau
11468:Sobekneferu
11448:Senusret II
11433:Amenemhat I
11415:Iyibkhentre
11145:Neferirkare
11140:Neferkauhor
10947:Shepseskare
10788:Old Kingdom
10774:Khasekhemwy
10754:Neferkara I
10723:Weneg-Nebty
10568:Scorpion II
10211:(1224–1242)
10205:(1204–1461)
9994:Konstantios
9871:Christopher
9844:Constantine
9834:Michael III
9815:Constantine
9798:Constantine
9780:Theophylact
9709:Philippicus
9659:Constans II
9584:Justinian I
9480:Severus III
9428:Constans II
9182:Claudius II
9158:Silbannacus
9105:Gordian III
9080:Maximinus I
9048:Diadumenian
8784:January 140
8597:7 March 161
8353:, Book 70,
8347:Cassius Dio
8327:Birley 2000
8171:Birley 2000
8136:Birley 2000
8120:Birley 2000
8069:Bowman 2000
7793:Birley 2000
7454:Fordham.edu
7399:Bowman 2000
7168:, pp. 73–75
7103:Birley 2000
6996:Samuel Dill
6729:Birley 2000
6550:Salway, 149
6419:Bowman 2000
6402:Bowman 2000
6301:, Antiquité
6187:Birley 2000
6159:Birley 2000
6147:Bowman 2000
6132:, pp. 10–11
6085:Bowman 2000
6064:Bowman 2000
5877:Birley 2000
5788:Birley 2000
5685:Birley 2000
5537:Birley 2000
5525:Birley 2000
5513:Bowman 2000
5328:References:
4929:Gordian III
3696:L. Commodus
2024:Descendants
1680:Western Han
1571:Roman glass
1503:honestiores
1401:patrimonium
1397:res privata
1390:res privata
1379:Privy Purse
1375:res privata
1371:patrimonium
1362:res publica
1316:taurobolium
1088:, from the
964:Roman Forum
924:Villa Magna
909:H.G. Pflaum
747:Concubinage
715:Roman Forum
648:Getty Villa
329:96–98
209:Regnal name
63:Predecessor
13823:161 deaths
13807:Categories
13647:Diocletian
13601:Quintillus
13554:Aemilianus
13509:Gordian II
13481:Elagabalus
13302:Arsinoe IV
13185:Arsinoe II
13110:Darius III
13037:Psammuthes
12926:Psamtik II
12741:Bakenranef
12679:Pedubast I
12674:Takelot II
12669:Harsiese A
12651:Osorkon IV
12639:Shoshenq V
12619:Osorkon II
12592:Shoshenq I
12562:Smendes II
12542:Pinedjem I
12487:Amenemnisu
12440:Ramesses X
12415:Ramesses V
12367:Amenmesses
12347:Ramesses I
12309:Smenkhkare
12279:Hatshepsut
12269:Thutmose I
12019:Montuemsaf
12009:Dedumose I
11809:Nebdjefare
11799:Merdjefare
11569:Nedjemibre
11564:Sewadjkare
11438:Senusret I
11410:Qakare Ini
11231:Meryhathor
11135:Neferkaure
11130:Qakare Iby
11115:Neferkahor
11100:Neferkamin
10908:Thamphthis
10902:Shepseskaf
10816:Sekhemkhet
10667:Horus Bird
10544:Scorpion I
9988:Andronikos
9976:Nikephoros
9925:Michael IV
9890:Romanos II
9810:Theophilos
9805:Michael II
9786:Staurakios
9770:Staurakios
9742:Nikephoros
9735:Artabasdos
9647:Heraclonas
9604:Theodosius
9562:Basiliscus
9322:Nepotianus
9315:Magnentius
9309:Constans I
9262:Severus II
9242:Diocletian
9187:Quintillus
9152:Aemilianus
9145:Volusianus
9090:Gordian II
9055:Elagabalus
8918:Principate
7953:De Gruyter
7838:Champlin,
7827:9004109579
7669:2503521789
7507:Hou Hanshu
6636:Paul Veyne
6634:, p. 447;
5921:23 October
5649:24 January
5611:24 January
5431:References
5004:Small Caps
4188:Cornificia
2089:Elagabalus
1987:J. B. Bury
1715: 150
1686:along the
1672:Republican
1665:South Asia
1647:rhinoceros
1591:Hou Hanshu
1559:See also:
1530:crocodiles
1499:humiliores
1442:Institutes
1155:procurator
994:Mauretania
990:Principate
926:(Latium).
891:philosophy
852:Antoninus
795:proconsuls
783:consulship
546:Early life
421:Succession
315:Chronology
271:(adoptive)
251:(adoptive)
186:(adoptive)
180:(adoptive)
37:Glyptothek
13818:86 births
13779:Ptolemaic
13587:Gallienus
13502:Gordian I
13465:Caracalla
13391:Vespasian
13385:Vitellius
13167:Ptolemaic
13009:Amyrtaeus
12991:Darius II
12936:Ahmose II
12916:Psamtik I
12855:uncertain
12843:Pharaohs
12779:Tanutamun
12614:Takelot I
12597:Osorkon I
12547:Masaharta
12497:Amenemope
12400:Setnakhte
12362:Merneptah
12304:Akhenaten
12221:uncertain
12103:Nebmaatre
11924:Sakir-Har
11877:Yaqub-Har
11789:Nebefawre
11539:Hotepibre
11405:Segerseni
11374:Intef III
11322:uncertain
11310:Pharaohs
10942:Neferefre
10768:Hudjefa I
10649:Semerkhet
10386:Hedju Hor
10348:uncertain
10336:Pharaohs
10230:Classical
10215:Empresses
10199:(286–296)
10193:(267–273)
10187:(260–274)
9930:Michael V
9856:Alexander
9669:Heraclius
9637:Heraclius
9589:Justin II
9499:Glycerius
9486:Anthemius
9356:Procopius
9294:Martinian
9273:Maxentius
9202:Florianus
9175:Saloninus
9170:Gallienus
9139:Hostilian
9115:Philip II
9085:Gordian I
9033:Caracalla
8968:Vespasian
8963:Vitellius
8431:. Harper.
8314:Athenaeum
8223:Bury 1893
8132:HA Marcus
8096:Bury 1893
7542:ctext.org
7523:CiteSeerX
7521:: 25–26.
7423:Caracalla
7278:Bury 1893
7185:Bury 1893
6282:Bury 1893
6269:, p. 242.
6267:0075-4358
6171:HA Marcus
6097:Bury 1893
5865:Bury 1893
5841:VI, 00989
5825:VI, 00988
5579:Bury 1893
5150:"Hadrian"
5103:"Hadrian"
5017:or other)
2107:(160–213)
1893:justitium
1751:Silk Road
1704:Kattigara
1684:Guangzhou
1600:Han China
1514:elephants
1478:proconsul
1418:Roman law
1355:, London.
1289:neocorate
1249:sesterces
1167:Scythians
1159:Black Sea
1140:PAR-TH-IA
1107:Imperator
1067:Pausanias
1051:from the
1022:Britannia
1018:Brigantes
850:Hadrianus
843:Imperator
751:Vespasian
613:proconsul
597:Vespasian
491:from the
245:(natural)
73:Successor
13739:21 to 23
13657:Galerius
13652:Maximian
13641:Numerian
13608:Aurelian
13560:Valerian
13523:Balbinus
13516:Pupienus
13470:Macrinus
13442:Pertinax
13436:Commodus
13401:Domitian
13364:Claudius
13359:Caligula
13354:Tiberius
13349:Augustus
12969:Darius I
12921:Necho II
12764:Shebitku
12736:Tefnakht
12329:Horemheb
12259:Ahmose I
12071:Pantjeny
12057:Senebkay
12037:Pepi III
11999:Bebiankh
11856:Shenshek
11814:Nebsenre
11646:Sihathor
11616:Khendjer
11579:Renseneb
11524:Nerikare
11369:Intef II
11246:Merykare
11151:Wadjkare
11095:Merenhor
10990:Userkare
10897:Menkaure
10891:Bikheris
10880:Djedefre
10846:Qahedjet
10730:Wadjenes
10716:Horus Sa
10709:Nubnefer
10696:Nynetjer
10660:Sneferka
10400:Ni-Neith
10286:Pharaohs
10225:Usurpers
10220:Augustae
10178:See also
10083:Nicholas
9905:Basil II
9702:Tiberius
9687:Leontius
9675:Tiberius
9652:Tiberius
9630:610–1453
9625:Eastern/
9579:Justin I
9532:Arcadius
9492:Olybrius
9474:Majorian
9415:Honorius
9394:Eugenius
9329:Vetranio
9279:Licinius
9252:Galerius
9247:Maximian
9232:Dominate
9222:Numerian
9192:Aurelian
9165:Valerian
9110:Philip I
9100:Balbinus
9095:Pupienus
9043:Macrinus
9018:Pertinax
9013:Commodus
8978:Domitian
8943:Claudius
8938:Caligula
8933:Tiberius
8928:Augustus
8622:138–161
8526:Bryant,
8439:(2012).
8293:Archived
8288:Pflaum,
8155:Archived
7918:, p. 46.
7862:Archived
7829:, p. 389
7747:(2016).
7509:(ch. 88)
7356:, p. 290
7335:, p. 159
7301:, p. 162
7242:, p. 477
7147:, p. 112
7072:, p. 150
7041:Flavians
6959:Archived
6942:, p. 381
6921:, p. 133
6903:Archived
6886:, p. 305
6719:, p. 425
6671:, p. 301
6613:, p. 103
6459:Archived
6392:, p. 137
6371:, p. 149
6359:Salway,
6307:Archived
6206:Archived
5724:Rupilius
5711:Weigel,
5602:Archived
5479:(2012).
5393:(2014).
5343:14 April
5013:Augustae
4493:Commodus
3920:Faustina
3906:Fundania
3189:Antinous
2627:Marciana
2083:Empress
2030:Commodus
1868:Tiberius
1864:Augustus
1841:, Madrid
1739:Chang'an
1731:Aurelian
1727:Tiberius
1682:tomb in
1658:tortoise
1518:giraffes
1495:rescript
1491:extended
1410:princeps
1406:personal
1293:Pergamon
1262:and the
1195:Sohaemus
1045:Scotland
1002:Pannonia
960:Faustina
887:rhetoric
854:Augustus
775:quaestor
729:alimenta
680:in Rome.
609:Flavians
601:Domitian
587:(modern
585:Nemausus
581:Aurelian
557:Lanuvium
508:cognomen
504:Faustina
385:Commodus
285:Denarius
101:Lanuvium
13634:Carinus
13615:Tacitus
13573:Quietus
13416:Hadrian
13100:Khabash
12931:Wahibre
12911:Necho I
12905:Nekauba
12893:Ammeris
12836:Dynasty
12774:Taharqa
12769:Shabaka
12706:Rudamun
12685:Iuput I
12530:Herihor
12482:Smendes
12382:Twosret
12372:Seti II
12216:female)
12201:Dynasty
12097:Rahotep
11994:Semenre
11964:Djehuti
11946:Khamudi
11935:Yanassi
11918:Salitis
11870:Yakareb
11863:Khamure
11794:Sehebre
11716:Merkare
11364:Intef I
11303:Dynasty
11212:Imhotep
11172:Iytjenu
11158:Khuiqer
11070:Menkare
11021:Neferka
11005:Pepi II
10927:Userkaf
10821:Sanakht
10644:Anedjib
10624:Hor-Aha
10557:Iry-Hor
10551:Shendjw
10523:Pen-Abu
10407:Hat-Hor
10329:Dynasty
10235:Eastern
10135:Matthew
10029:Alexios
9877:Stephen
9839:Basil I
9724:Leo III
9599:Maurice
9542:Marcian
9525:395–610
9449:Joannes
9408:395–480
9362:Gratian
9235:284–610
9217:Carinus
9197:Tacitus
9073:235–285
8993:Hadrian
8611:Hadrian
8499::
8336:Sources
8037:I, 1509
7804:Grant,
7380:, p. 29
7370:Torture
7263:, p. 79
7208:, p. 91
7126:, p. 49
7093:, p. 98
6986:, p. 92
6852:, p. 87
6571:, p. 61
6541:, p. 53
6520:, p. 88
6499:, p. 75
6442:, p. 49
5009:Augusti
4976:emperor
4536:Lucilla
4512:Fadilla
3709:unknown
3702:Plautia
3172:Hadrian
2661:Plotina
1934:Tunisia
1930:Sbeïtla
1860:tribune
1851:Etruria
1771:Eleusis
1721:(i.e.,
1708:Ptolemy
1700:Jiaozhi
1643:Vietnam
1631:Jiaozhi
1604:Chinese
1579:Guangxi
1487:torture
1344:Ephesus
1320:Mithras
1276:Ephesus
1272:Cyzicus
1191:Arsacid
1187:Armenia
1136:Parthia
1055:to the
1038:new man
1030:Numidia
973:Augusta
962:in the
828:Emperor
803:Etruria
791:Hadrian
779:praetor
705:in 146.
561:Lanuvio
500:Hadrian
345:Hadrian
310:96–192)
249:Hadrian
225:Dynasty
67:Hadrian
13774:Argead
13621:Probus
13541:Decius
13536:Philip
13411:Trajan
13139:Argead
13048:Muthis
13001:XXVIII
12981:Xerxes
12849:female
12827:Period
12536:Piankh
12507:Siamun
12377:Siptah
12352:Seti I
12192:Period
12144:Kamose
12078:Snaaib
12048:Abydos
11904:Semqen
11897:Sharek
11849:Sheneh
11829:'Apepi
11824:Bebnum
11779:Nehesy
11599:Sebkay
11519:Sonbef
11316:female
11294:Period
11105:Nikare
10995:Pepi I
10932:Sahure
10885:Khafre
10870:Snefru
10839:Sedjes
10811:Djoser
10737:Senedj
10615:Narmer
10574:Narmer
10456:Wazner
10421:Hsekiu
10393:Ny-Hor
10342:female
10320:Period
9997:&
9973:&
9880:&
9851:Leo VI
9827:Thekla
9783:&
9750:Leo IV
9672:&
9611:Phocas
9567:Marcus
9552:Leo II
9468:Avitus
9385:Victor
9350:Valens
9340:Jovian
9335:Julian
9207:Probus
9142:&
9122:Decius
9070:Crisis
8988:Trajan
8593:
8554:
8540:(1888)
8523:(1868)
8493:
8468:
8449:
8272:
8245:
8206:
8110:12.4–8
8017:
7988:
7959:
7892:
7825:
7779:
7755:
7727:
7717:, see
7694:
7666:
7627:605541
7625:
7588:
7563:
7525:
7376:
7366:Digest
7352:
7331:
7297:
7259:
7238:
7204:
7164:
7143:
7122:
7089:
7068:
7018:
6982:
6938:
6917:
6882:
6848:
6824:
6797:
6748:
6715:
6691:
6667:
6646:
6630:
6609:
6588:
6567:
6537:
6516:
6495:
6438:
6388:
6367:
6346:
6265:
6128:
6109:Cooley
6014:
5987:
5960:
5771:
5744:
5489:
5456:
5401:
5379:
5360:
5163:passim
5029:Notes:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4972:
3965:Avidia
3163:Sabina
2643:Trajan
2619:Flavia
2441:Marcia
1948:, Rome
1914:temple
1910:column
1898:flamen
1847:Lorium
1812:Fronto
1789:Caesar
1656:, and
1639:Tonkin
1613:; for
1606::
1569:Green
1549:Talmud
1522:tigers
1470:slaves
1458:aureus
1367:fiscus
1348:Smyrna
1305:Athens
1301:Digest
1280:Smyrna
1278:, and
1260:Rhodes
1222:aureus
1193:scion
1183:Raetia
1111:Fronto
1010:Tipasa
920:Lorium
871:pietas
862:Senate
846:Caesar
799:Italia
753:, and
711:Senate
573:consul
515:Senate
398:Family
335:Trajan
259:Mother
236:Father
154:Detail
137:Spouse
125:Burial
118:Lorium
105:Italia
41:Munich
13853:Arrii
13843:Aelii
13627:Carus
13406:Nerva
13396:Titus
13374:Galba
13341:XXXIV
13326:Roman
13105:Arses
13032:Hakor
12951:XXVII
12661:XXIII
12251:XVIII
12211:(male
11941:Apepi
11929:Khyan
11842:Wazad
11610:Wegaf
11544:Iufni
11398:Nubia
11206:Setut
11028:Nefer
10875:Khufu
10833:Khaba
10827:Nebka
10691:Nebra
10619:Menes
10578:Menes
10530:Stork
10493:Upper
10449:Neheb
10442:Thesh
10428:Khayu
10377:Lower
9793:Leo V
9760:Irene
9547:Leo I
9212:Carus
8983:Nerva
8973:Titus
8953:Galba
8905:Roman
8844:with
8787:with
8729:with
8672:with
8595:Died:
8588:Born:
8046:1.21.
7715:Oc Eo
7623:JSTOR
7503:Rinan
6177:2.3–4
6175:Verus
6173:6.2;
5605:(PDF)
5598:(PDF)
5549:24.4.
5284:72.22
4250:) (1)
2483:Ulpia
2462:Nerva
2417:Titus
1849:, in
1782:stays
1735:Xi'an
1692:Óc Eo
1674:-era
1661:shell
1654:ivory
1650:horns
1635:Rinan
1619:Daqin
1615:Anton
1610:āndūn
1583:China
1456:Gold
1447:Gaius
1324:Ostia
1268:circa
1228:PIVS
1163:Olbia
1014:Judea
913:caste
692:Italy
628:Nerva
589:Nîmes
565:Italy
563:) in
519:deify
325:Nerva
198:Names
148:Issue
55:Reign
13460:Geta
13379:Otho
13369:Nero
13087:XXXI
13072:Teos
13019:XXIX
12884:XXVI
12869:Late
12846:male
12806:Late
12759:Piye
12728:XXIV
12634:Pami
12584:XXII
12173:and
12089:XVII
11835:Nuya
11504:XIII
11313:male
11275:and
11165:Khui
11062:VIII
10985:Teti
10967:Unas
10852:Huni
10654:Qa'a
10634:Djet
10629:Djer
10537:Bull
10516:Fish
10482:Wash
10463:Mekh
10339:male
10149:(w.
10132:(w.
10080:(w.
10051:John
10048:(w.
10026:(w.
10014:(w.
9985:(w.
9967:(w.
9868:(w.
9841:(w.
9824:(w.
9812:(w.
9795:(w.
9777:(w.
9738:(w.
9699:(w.
9666:(w.
9649:(w.
9601:(w.
9564:(w.
9557:Zeno
9424:(w.
9381:(w.
9172:(w.
9136:(w.
9124:(w.
9112:(w.
9045:(w.
9038:Geta
8958:Otho
8948:Nero
8907:and
8781:III
8630:and
8552:ISBN
8466:ISBN
8447:ISBN
8270:ISBN
8243:ISBN
8204:ISBN
8035:IGRR
8015:ISBN
7986:ISBN
7957:ISBN
7890:ISBN
7842:, 16
7823:ISBN
7808:, 14
7777:ISBN
7753:ISBN
7725:ISBN
7692:ISBN
7664:ISBN
7586:ISBN
7561:ISBN
7470:2016
7374:ISBN
7350:ISBN
7329:ISBN
7295:ISBN
7257:ISBN
7236:ISBN
7202:ISBN
7162:ISBN
7141:ISBN
7120:ISBN
7087:ISBN
7066:ISBN
7033:Nero
7016:ISBN
6980:ISBN
6936:ISBN
6915:ISBN
6880:ISBN
6846:ISBN
6822:ISBN
6795:ISBN
6746:ISBN
6713:ISBN
6689:ISBN
6665:ISBN
6644:ISBN
6628:ISBN
6607:ISBN
6586:ISBN
6565:ISBN
6535:ISBN
6514:ISBN
6493:ISBN
6436:ISBN
6386:ISBN
6365:ISBN
6344:ISBN
6263:ISSN
6126:ISBN
6012:ISBN
5985:ISBN
5958:ISBN
5923:2015
5769:ISBN
5742:ISBN
5651:2016
5613:2016
5487:ISBN
5454:ISBN
5399:ISBN
5377:ISBN
5358:ISBN
5345:2015
1532:and
1510:Rome
1395:The
1346:and
1242:IIII
1008:and
1006:Sala
897:and
889:and
866:Pius
820:and
807:Asia
777:and
661:and
538:and
511:Pius
112:Died
93:Born
80:and
13059:XXX
12808:to
12751:XXV
12474:XXI
12339:XIX
11956:XVI
11736:XIV
11584:Hor
11425:XII
11058:VII
10803:III
10639:Den
10435:Tiu
10301:to
9970:Leo
9915:Zoe
9161:(?)
8838:IV
8723:II
8669:120
8508:".
8186:5:4
7615:doi
7611:119
7519:242
7511:in
7429:or
6038:2:9
5907:doi
5837:CIL
5821:CIL
5640:doi
5334:DIR
5099:DIR
4729:(1)
4530:(2)
2913:(1)
2894:(3)
2884:(2)
1729:to
1637:or
1633:at
1627:sea
1608:安敦
1598:of
1468:of
1445:of
1240:COS
1237:POT
1226:AVG
1220:An
1020:in
722:or
567:to
517:to
13809::
13769:31
13764:30
13759:27
13754:26
13749:25
13744:24
13734:20
13729:19
13724:18
13719:12
13714:11
12392:XX
12324:Ay
11888:XV
11351:XI
11183:IX
10977:VI
10862:IV
10702:Ba
10678:II
10617:/
10576:/
10562:Ka
10414:Pu
9991:,
9874:,
8848:II
8733:II
8536:,
8382:,
8378:,
8369:,
8349:,
8299:,
8088:^
8076:^
8061:^
8009:.
7980:.
7951:.
7916:15
7884:.
7706:^
7678:^
7621:.
7609:.
7540:.
7517:.
7456:.
7438:^
7425:,
7268:^
7173:^
6998:,
6779:^
6638:,
6584:.
6409:^
6274:^
6228:^
6137:^
6056:^
5903:75
5901:.
5897:.
5799:^
5696:^
5659:^
5636:72
5634:.
5630:.
5569:^
5545:,
5501:^
5468:^
5309:^
5289:HA
5260:^
5220:^
5204:^
5179:^
5110:^
5089:^
5077:^
5056:^
5011:,
4936:r.
4500:r.
4246:r.
4203:r.
3936:r.
3178:r.
2650:r.
2469:r.
2424:r.
2087:,
2032:.
1989:,
1972:.
1932:,
1908:A
1905:.
1874:.
1814:.
1795:.
1712:c.
1652:,
1581:,
1528:,
1524:,
1520:,
1516:,
1307:.
1295:.
1234:TR
1232:/
1230:PP
1065:.
1040:.
915:.
738:.
571:,
530:.
495:.
308:AD
103:,
39:,
13709:4
13705:3
13702:2
13698:1
11223:X
11060:/
10919:V
10607:I
10502:A
10470:A
10278:e
10271:t
10264:v
10155:)
10138:)
10086:)
10054:)
10032:)
10020:)
10003:)
9979:)
9886:)
9847:)
9830:)
9818:)
9801:)
9789:)
9746:)
9705:)
9678:)
9655:)
9607:)
9570:)
9432:)
9389:)
9178:)
9148:)
9130:)
9118:)
9051:)
8897:e
8890:t
8883:v
8560:.
8474:.
8455:.
8402:.
8367:"
8362:,
8278:.
8251:.
8212:.
8023:.
7994:.
7965:.
7898:.
7761:.
7733:.
7700:.
7672:.
7629:.
7617::
7594:.
7569:.
7544:.
7533:.
7531:.
7472:.
7433:.
6830:.
6803:.
6697:.
6020:.
5993:.
5966:.
5925:.
5909::
5777:.
5750:.
5675:.
5653:.
5642::
5615:.
5495:.
5462:.
5421:.
5407:.
5385:.
5366:.
5347:.
5295:.
5139:.
5105:.
5015:,
4940:)
4933:(
4763:?
4504:)
4497:(
4243:(
4207:)
4200:(
3940:)
3933:(
3182:)
3175:(
2654:)
2647:(
2473:)
2466:(
2428:)
2421:(
2140:e
2133:t
2126:v
1936:.
1710:(
1350:.
1138:(
1096:)
1092:(
980:.
694:.
469:e
462:t
455:v
306:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.