115:
140:
4639:
257:
524:
638:
and not a tuber, experience a natural rest period, corresponding to their habitat drying out in the wild. The Asian species may also have a rest period, but this is related only to temperature. As the plant stops growing, it can be taken out of the pond or aquarium and put in a bowl of damp sand.
603:
399:, has been continuously maintained as a plant in garden ponds. Several of the eleven Madagascan species have been introduced as new aquarium plants in the early 21st century. At present, the following plants from Madagascar are in culture:
561:
species go through resting and growth phases in their natural locations, triggered by the local ecological conditions. During growth periods, the plant will deposit proteins, fats, carbohydrates and mineral substances in the storage
1148:
447:
have been imported on several occasions but have not achieved any wider distribution because they are difficult to maintain. From the sixteen representatives of this genus from Asia and
Australia,
550:
during drought conditions. Most species grow from tubers. Most Asian species remain submerged all year round, while the starchy tubercles of the
African species are able to survive the
392:
Generally an
Aponogeton from Asia will have a single bloom stalk, while those from African heritage (including Madagascar) will have multiple blooming stems on the same flower stalk.
622:) require special handling as they prefer cooler water – 70 °F (21 °C) as a maximum. As of 2010, the Australian species exist in very small numbers in the hobby trade.
1330:
905:
873:
670:
662:
594:. The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia' records that "The tuberous roots of these water-plants are starchy, and of excellent taste, though not large".
443:
865:
763:
1227:
Chen, L-Y.; Grimm, G. W.; Wang, Q-F.; Renner, S. S. (2015). "A phylogeny and biogeographic analysis for the Cape-Pondweed family
Aponogetonaceae (Alismatales)".
833:
817:
736:
479:
467:
639:
Keep the bowl in a dark, cool place, with the sand kept damp, for approximately 2–3 months at a temperature of about 50–64 °F (10–18 °C), until small
881:
849:
752:
455:
777:
712:
785:
704:
437:
938:
Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III",
491:
983:
5060:
1338:
574:
species have a high resistance to drying out. This ability to store water is exploited, for instance, in the annual export of thousands of dormant
771:
4924:
1414:
4960:
570:
During the resting period, the tuber survives in the soil in order to again sprout during the following vegetation period. Tubers in
515:, approximately 46 and 44-40 million years old respectively, indicating that the genus likely originated in the Northern Hemisphere.
4760:
1275:
4846:
1462:
767:
4898:
4859:
1291:
1007:
1298:
1084:
4903:
4755:
1407:
1198:
5004:
4929:
4885:
17:
4999:
4978:
586:
The tubers of several species are eaten by humans and their livestock. Some are grown as ornamental plants in
4911:
1441:
504:
310:, most of which have been included in a molecular phylogeny by Chen et al. (2015). The name was published in
1303:
4642:
1467:
1457:
1400:
114:
1314:
5045:
4734:
4729:
4716:
809:
413:
4838:
4812:
1335:
1038:
5055:
4973:
1322:
841:
801:
407:
139:
1309:
1211:
4939:
233:
4864:
1452:
1102:"A phylogeny and biogeographic analysis for the Cape-Pondweed family Aponogetonaceae (Alismatales)"
377:
Individual plants are not always easy to identify due to hybridization (particularly those sold as
5050:
4965:
4833:
1101:
857:
688:
461:
425:
215:
4807:
4659:
793:
696:
654:
495:, too, were cultivated several times but have not proven themselves under aquarium conditions.
401:
312:
913:
744:
123:
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4697:
1236:
1113:
897:
720:
473:
431:
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8:
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538:
grow in temporarily still or flowing waters and live through the dry period as a dormant
419:
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1392:
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4820:
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3700:
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are seen to sprout from the tuber, when they can be returned to the pond or aquarium.
4947:
4742:
4439:
4238:
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3650:
3579:
3502:
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1373:
1252:
1194:
1129:
1100:
Chen, Ling-Yun; Grimm, Guido W.; Wang, Qing-Feng; Renner, Susanne S. (January 2015).
1013:
1003:
979:
952:
825:
682:
618:
species are easy to grow when their preferences are met. The
Madagascar lace plants (
485:
1385:
1176:
5017:
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4323:
4313:
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2419:
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1991:
1854:
1829:
1824:
1617:
1534:
1365:
1244:
1121:
1050:
957:
947:
507:) of Wyoming in North America, approximately 82-84 million years old. Other fossil
325:
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4721:
4604:
4391:
4258:
4243:
3823:
3710:
3690:
3685:
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3640:
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2925:
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2566:
2449:
2424:
2319:
2291:
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2074:
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1986:
1971:
1834:
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1424:
1342:
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177:
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4200:
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3035:
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2864:
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2286:
2178:
2155:
2117:
2094:
2084:
1887:
1749:
1688:
1552:
1055:
288:
In recent decades the family has had universal recognition by taxonomists. The
164:
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4682:
4578:
4507:
4477:
4454:
4449:
4434:
4386:
4353:
4348:
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2531:
2439:
2434:
2381:
2251:
2213:
2188:
2160:
2145:
2089:
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1981:
1948:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1839:
1809:
1741:
1708:
1698:
1665:
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1514:
1496:
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1377:
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1218:
Board of
Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
1017:
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72:
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2414:
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2401:
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2236:
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2150:
2140:
2132:
2099:
2059:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1938:
1933:
1897:
1814:
1693:
1650:
1547:
1524:
1488:
1256:
1133:
503:
The oldest known fossils of the genus are pollen from the Late
Cretaceous (
359:
4872:
4691:
4472:
4368:
4328:
4303:
4298:
4288:
4156:
4146:
4136:
4118:
4067:
4019:
4014:
3994:
3974:
3901:
3828:
3770:
3725:
3665:
3630:
3527:
3517:
3461:
3373:
3312:
3307:
3259:
3231:
3211:
3171:
3153:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3020:
3015:
2980:
2874:
2831:
2806:
2730:
2702:
2697:
2536:
2513:
2498:
2467:
2386:
2261:
2241:
2203:
2054:
2049:
2026:
2011:
1953:
1943:
1849:
1844:
1796:
1713:
1637:
1622:
1599:
1594:
1519:
1506:
1039:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"
349:
282:
200:
47:
4851:
4555:
4545:
4522:
4406:
4343:
4278:
4205:
4182:
4108:
4054:
3964:
3818:
3805:
3780:
3760:
3512:
3494:
3466:
3436:
3431:
3363:
3322:
3299:
3236:
3226:
3176:
3161:
3090:
3045:
3030:
2940:
2841:
2821:
2783:
2763:
2485:
2391:
2271:
2256:
2246:
1976:
1925:
1864:
1819:
1670:
1627:
1586:
1577:
962:
551:
543:
289:
92:
57:
316:
32: 214 (1782) and is derived from a geographic location neighboring (
4877:
4794:
4781:
4563:
4532:
4464:
4333:
4192:
4174:
4126:
4095:
4024:
3969:
3906:
3891:
3876:
3813:
3795:
3730:
3705:
3542:
3446:
3398:
3378:
3025:
2930:
2905:
2376:
2368:
2266:
2231:
2208:
2198:
2183:
2122:
2079:
2039:
2016:
1786:
1718:
1609:
1306:: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
999:
395:
Even though seventeen species are found in Africa, only one of them,
363:
97:
4653:
4986:
4676:
4416:
4338:
4248:
4230:
3979:
3916:
3868:
3858:
3715:
3532:
3418:
3393:
3355:
3196:
3065:
3050:
2836:
2826:
2801:
2758:
2725:
2634:
2561:
2358:
2341:
2193:
2109:
1963:
1778:
1768:
1680:
1349:
1310:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/
756:
587:
547:
297:
256:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
4890:
4786:
602:
4773:
4378:
4044:
3143:
3098:
2793:
2745:
2712:
2626:
2350:
2296:
1804:
1036:
635:
563:
535:
241:
102:
77:
1348:
Les, Donald H.; Moody, Michael L.; Jacobs, Surrey W. L. (2005).
2649:
2616:
2223:
2034:
1150:
The useful native plants of
Australia : Including Tasmania
974:
972:
640:
512:
371:
341:
1069:
567:
539:
321:
151:
969:
1002:: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung: i–viii, 1–76.
591:
345:
340:, which are found in tropical to warm temperate regions of
306:, with 56 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ) of
937:
630:
The
African species in particular, (with the exception of
554:
by shedding their leaves and undergoing a dormant period.
1422:
578:
specimens, shipped in large bags in a totally dry state.
511:
pollen is known from Canada and Greenland, dating to the
1272:
Illustrated Success with easy-growing Aponogeton plants
296:(2003) treat it in the order Alismatales in the clade
1030:
1226:
1099:
1080:Watson, L. & Dallwitz, M. J. (1992 onwards):
1037:Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016).
5032:
1301:in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
2318:
1347:
1408:
1740:
1146:
978:
530:, habit, showing aerial and submerged parts
1415:
1401:
1354:(Aponogetonaceae): The Australian Species"
381:- which are often cultivated hybrids with
255:
113:
1054:
961:
951:
300:. The family consists of only one genus,
940:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
601:
522:
5061:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus the Younger
3856:
320:) the Apono tribal district of coastal
14:
5033:
2625:
4658:
4657:
2614:
1396:
1229:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1106:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
931:
5005:46086095-6942-4653-8170-a92158dc8cf0
4940:7b6f38b1-80bb-4996-866c-92e6381c0d1d
1204:
1074:
362:but has become naturalised in South
1183:
1175:African Flowering Plants Database:
1169:
646:
24:
1286:Aponogeton Family by Karen Randall
25:
5072:
1264:
4979:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331137-2
4638:
4637:
1304:The families of flowering plants
953:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
581:
546:plants with milky sap, becoming
138:
45:
1191:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
1153:. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.
625:
331:
129:inflorescence at water surface
1350:"Phylogeny and Systematics of
1157:
1140:
1093:
1063:
1049:(3). Magnolia Press: 201–217.
597:
13:
1:
924:
1293:Aponogetons by Karen Randall
1212:Plants of the world online:
498:
477:are useful aquarium plants.
7:
1249:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.007
1210:Govaerts, R. et al. (2019)
1126:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.007
810:Aponogeton madagascariensis
610:with a triple flower spike.
324:. Some species are used as
10:
5077:
1056:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
906:Aponogeton vallisnerioides
842:Aponogeton ranunculiflorus
829:(L.) Engl. & K. Krause
802:Aponogeton longiplumulosus
518:
4666:
4633:
4595:
4577:
4554:
4531:
4463:
4425:
4377:
4366:
4229:
4191:
4173:
4155:
4117:
4094:
4076:
4053:
4042:
3915:
3867:
3804:
3601:
3578:
3567:
3493:
3475:
3417:
3354:
3321:
3298:
3250:
3152:
3141:
3089:
2896:
2873:
2850:
2792:
2744:
2711:
2658:
2647:
2643:
2522:
2511:
2484:
2466:
2448:
2400:
2367:
2349:
2340:
2309:
2222:
2169:
2131:
2108:
2025:
1962:
1924:
1896:
1878:
1795:
1777:
1762:
1731:
1679:
1636:
1608:
1585:
1576:
1565:
1533:
1505:
1487:
1476:
1436:
845:Jacot Guill. & Marais
542:. They are fully aquatic
254:
247:
240:
135:Scientific classification
133:
121:
112:
34:
1370:10.1600/0363644054782215
1189:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
984:"Monograph of the genus
874:Aponogeton subconjugatus
671:Aponogeton angustifolius
663:Aponogeton afroviolaceus
1323:Aponogetonaceae in the
1308:Version: 9 March 2006.
1087:April 24, 2006, at the
858:Aponogeton rigidifolius
689:Aponogeton bernierianus
426:Aponogeton bernierianus
27:Genus of aquatic plants
1325:Flora of North America
877:Schumach. & Thonn.
866:Aponogeton stuhlmannii
794:Aponogeton lakhonensis
764:Aponogeton euryspermus
697:Aponogeton boivinianus
655:Aponogeton abyssinicus
611:
531:
402:Aponogeton boivinianus
313:Supplementum Plantarum
1331:NCBI Taxonomy Browser
1147:J. H. Maiden (1889).
980:van Bruggen, H. W. E.
914:Aponogeton satarensis
834:Aponogeton nudiflorus
818:Aponogeton natalensis
745:Aponogeton distachyos
737:Aponogeton desertorum
605:
526:
480:Aponogeton jacobensii
356:Aponogeton distachyos
1336:links at CSDL, Texas
992:Bibliotheca Botanica
898:Aponogeton undulatus
882:Aponogeton troupinii
850:Aponogeton rehmannii
753:Aponogeton elongatus
721:Aponogeton capuronii
271:Cape-pondweed family
1241:2015MolPE..82..111C
1165:Nature and Aquarium
1118:2015MolPE..82..111C
890:Aponogeton ulvaceus
778:Aponogeton fotianus
740:Zeyh. ex A. Spreng.
713:Aponogeton bullosus
658:Hochst. ex A. Rich.
414:A. madagascariensis
358:is originally from
5046:Alismatales genera
4483:Pentaphragmataceae
3701:Stegnospermataceae
3593:Berberidopsidaceae
3217:Pentadiplandraceae
1704:Atherospermataceae
1341:2007-03-02 at the
1278:2014-01-16 at the
988:(Aponogetonaceae)"
813:(Mirb.) H. Bruggen
786:Aponogeton junceus
729:Aponogeton crispus
705:Aponogeton bogneri
679:Aponogeton azureus
620:A. madagascarensis
612:
532:
408:A. longiplumulosus
277:) are a family of
5056:Freshwater plants
5028:
5027:
4948:Open Tree of Life
4660:Taxon identifiers
4651:
4650:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4440:Cardiopteridaceae
4362:
4361:
4239:Plocospermataceae
4038:
4037:
3852:
3851:
3791:Anacampserotaceae
3651:Ancistrocladaceae
3580:Berberidopsidales
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3503:Biebersteiniaceae
3384:Sphaerosepalaceae
3270:Strasburgeriaceae
3187:Setchellanthaceae
3137:
3136:
2610:
2609:
2552:Cercidiphyllaceae
2507:
2506:
2336:
2335:
2305:
2304:
1758:
1757:
1727:
1726:
1561:
1560:
1543:Austrobaileyaceae
1358:Systematic Botany
1009:978-3-510-48008-1
826:Aponogeton natans
805:H. Bruggen (1968)
326:ornamental plants
275:aponogeton family
263:
262:
236:
218:
16:(Redirected from
5068:
5021:
5020:
5008:
5007:
4995:
4994:
4982:
4981:
4969:
4968:
4956:
4955:
4943:
4942:
4933:
4932:
4920:
4919:
4917:NHMSYS0000455996
4907:
4906:
4894:
4893:
4881:
4880:
4868:
4867:
4855:
4854:
4842:
4841:
4829:
4828:
4816:
4815:
4803:
4802:
4790:
4789:
4777:
4776:
4764:
4763:
4751:
4750:
4738:
4737:
4725:
4724:
4712:
4711:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4655:
4654:
4641:
4640:
4375:
4374:
4324:Thomandersiaceae
4314:Lentibulariaceae
4274:Scrophulariaceae
4254:Tetrachondraceae
4051:
4050:
4040:
4039:
4030:Mitrastemonaceae
3960:Pentaphylacaceae
3935:Tetrameristaceae
3882:Hydrostachyaceae
3865:
3864:
3854:
3853:
3656:Rhabdodendraceae
3646:Dioncophyllaceae
3576:
3575:
3409:Dipterocarpaceae
3346:Dipentodontaceae
3290:Crossosomataceae
3265:Geissolomataceae
3150:
3149:
3011:Chrysobalanaceae
2916:Ctenolophonaceae
2883:Lepidobotryaceae
2673:Anisophylleaceae
2656:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2623:
2622:
2612:
2611:
2587:Tetracarpaeaceae
2582:Aphanopetalaceae
2557:Daphniphyllaceae
2520:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2458:Trochodendraceae
2420:Circaeasteraceae
2347:
2346:
2328:Ceratophyllaceae
2316:
2315:
1992:Alstroemeriaceae
1855:Potamogetonaceae
1830:Scheuchzeriaceae
1825:Hydrocharitaceae
1775:
1774:
1738:
1737:
1618:Aristolochiaceae
1583:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1535:Austrobaileyales
1485:
1484:
1481:
1479:Basalangiosperms
1463:Acrogymnospermae
1425:flowering plants
1417:
1410:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1316:Monocot families
1260:
1219:
1208:
1202:
1187:
1181:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1097:
1091:
1078:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
976:
967:
966:
965:
955:
935:
647:Selected species
444:A. tenuispicatus
423:. Additionally,
279:flowering plants
259:
232:
214:
143:
142:
117:
107:
44:
43:Campanian–Recent
40:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5016:
5011:
5003:
4998:
4990:
4985:
4977:
4972:
4964:
4959:
4951:
4946:
4938:
4936:
4928:
4923:
4915:
4910:
4902:
4897:
4889:
4884:
4876:
4871:
4863:
4858:
4850:
4845:
4837:
4832:
4824:
4819:
4811:
4806:
4798:
4793:
4785:
4780:
4772:
4767:
4759:
4754:
4746:
4741:
4733:
4728:
4720:
4715:
4707:
4705:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4662:
4652:
4647:
4609:
4605:Paracryphiaceae
4591:
4573:
4550:
4527:
4459:
4421:
4392:Torricelliaceae
4371:
4358:
4259:Calceolariaceae
4244:Carlemanniaceae
4225:
4187:
4169:
4151:
4113:
4090:
4072:
4047:
4034:
3911:
3861:
3848:
3824:Balanophoraceae
3800:
3711:Lophiocarpaceae
3691:Achatocarpaceae
3686:Caryophyllaceae
3676:Macarthuriaceae
3641:Drosophyllaceae
3597:
3572:
3547:
3489:
3471:
3457:Crypteroniaceae
3452:Melastomataceae
3413:
3350:
3317:
3294:
3252:Crossosomatales
3246:
3222:Gyrostemonaceae
3192:Koeberliniaceae
3146:
3133:
3085:
3076:Picrodendraceae
3041:Lacistemataceae
3001:Dichapetalaceae
2976:Centroplacaceae
2966:Lophopyxidaceae
2926:Erythroxylaceae
2892:
2869:
2846:
2788:
2740:
2707:
2678:Corynocarpaceae
2652:
2639:
2619:
2606:
2567:Grossulariaceae
2516:
2503:
2480:
2462:
2450:Trochodendrales
2444:
2425:Lardizabalaceae
2396:
2363:
2332:
2320:Ceratophyllales
2311:Ceratophyllidae
2301:
2292:Ecdeiocoleaceae
2282:Flagellariaceae
2218:
2165:
2127:
2104:
2075:Tecophilaeaceae
2045:Blandfordiaceae
2021:
1987:Petermanniaceae
1972:Campynemataceae
1958:
1920:
1892:
1874:
1835:Aponogetonaceae
1791:
1766:
1754:
1723:
1675:
1661:Himantandraceae
1632:
1604:
1570:
1568:Mesangiospermae
1557:
1529:
1501:
1477:
1472:
1453:Marchantiophyta
1432:
1421:
1343:Wayback Machine
1299:Aponogetonaceae
1280:Wayback Machine
1267:
1223:
1222:
1209:
1205:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1145:
1141:
1098:
1094:
1089:Wayback Machine
1082:Aponogetonaceae
1079:
1075:
1068:
1064:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1010:
977:
970:
936:
932:
927:
919:
797:A. Camus (1909)
649:
632:A. rigidifolius
628:
600:
584:
521:
501:
462:A. rigidifolius
387:A. rigidifolius
334:
267:Aponogetonaceae
231:
213:
211:Aponogetonaceae
137:
128:
108:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
38:
28:
23:
22:
18:Aponogetonaceae
15:
12:
11:
5:
5074:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5051:Aquatic plants
5048:
5043:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:wfo-4000002734
5009:
4996:
4983:
4970:
4957:
4944:
4934:
4921:
4908:
4895:
4882:
4869:
4856:
4843:
4830:
4817:
4804:
4791:
4778:
4765:
4752:
4739:
4726:
4713:
4703:
4688:
4672:
4670:
4664:
4663:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4597:Paracryphiales
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4587:Escalloniaceae
4583:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4569:Caprifoliaceae
4566:
4560:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4541:Columelliaceae
4537:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4503:Argophyllaceae
4500:
4495:
4493:Alseuosmiaceae
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4445:Phyllonomaceae
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4412:Myodocarpaceae
4409:
4404:
4402:Pittosporaceae
4399:
4397:Griseliniaceae
4394:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4372:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4319:Schlegeliaceae
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4269:Plantaginaceae
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4216:Sphenocleaceae
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:Convolvulaceae
4197:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4086:Metteniusaceae
4082:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4048:
4043:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
4000:Sarraceniaceae
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3940:Fouquieriaceae
3937:
3932:
3930:Marcgraviaceae
3927:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3862:
3857:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3834:Misodendraceae
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Phytolaccaceae
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3671:Asteropeiaceae
3668:
3663:
3661:Simmondsiaceae
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3621:Plumbaginaceae
3618:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3603:Caryophyllales
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3404:Sarcolaenaceae
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3331:Gerrardinaceae
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3119:Elaeocarpaceae
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3081:Phyllanthaceae
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3036:Passifloraceae
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2971:Putranjivaceae
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2946:Calophyllaceae
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2921:Rhizophoraceae
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2865:Zygophyllaceae
2862:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2779:Ticodendraceae
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2662:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2547:Hamamelidaceae
2544:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2517:
2512:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2494:Myrothamnaceae
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2430:Menispermaceae
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2287:Joinvilleaceae
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:Strelitziaceae
2175:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2156:Pontederiaceae
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2118:Dasypogonaceae
2114:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2095:Amaryllidaceae
2092:
2087:
2085:Xeronemataceae
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1888:Petrosaviaceae
1884:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1750:Chloranthaceae
1746:
1744:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1689:Calycanthaceae
1685:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1553:Schisandraceae
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:Polypodiophyta
1455:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1420:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1364:(3): 503–519.
1345:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1266:
1265:External links
1263:
1262:
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1220:
1203:
1182:
1168:
1156:
1139:
1092:
1073:
1062:
1029:
1008:
968:
946:(2): 105–121,
929:
928:
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923:
918:
917:
910:
902:
894:
886:
878:
870:
862:
854:
846:
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830:
822:
814:
806:
798:
790:
782:
774:
760:
749:
741:
733:
725:
717:
709:
701:
700:Baill. ex Jum.
693:
692:(Decne.) Hook.
685:
675:
667:
659:
650:
648:
645:
634:, which has a
627:
624:
599:
596:
583:
580:
520:
517:
500:
497:
370:, and Western
338:aquatic plants
333:
330:
328:in aquariums.
308:aquatic plants
261:
260:
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245:
244:
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237:
224:
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39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5073:
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5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5019:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4935:
4931:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4783:
4779:
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4770:
4766:
4762:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4689:
4684:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4656:
4644:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4579:Escalloniales
4576:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4508:Menyanthaceae
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4478:Campanulaceae
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4455:Aquifoliaceae
4453:
4451:
4450:Helwingiaceae
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4435:Stemonuraceae
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4387:Pennantiaceae
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4365:
4355:
4354:Orobanchaceae
4352:
4350:
4349:Paulowniaceae
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4284:Linderniaceae
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4078:Metteniusales
4075:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4063:Oncothecaceae
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4041:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4010:Actinidiaceae
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:Diapensiaceae
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:Lecythidaceae
3948:
3946:
3945:Polemoniaceae
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3925:Balsaminaceae
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3887:Hydrangeaceae
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3855:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3839:Schoepfiaceae
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Portulacaceae
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3776:Halophytaceae
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:Molluginaceae
3754:
3752:
3751:Nyctaginaceae
3749:
3747:
3746:Sarcobataceae
3744:
3742:
3741:Petiveriaceae
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3696:Amaranthaceae
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3611:Frankeniaceae
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3588:Aextoxicaceae
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3570:Superasterids
3566:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3538:Simaroubaceae
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:Anacardiaceae
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3485:Picramniaceae
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:Thymelaeaceae
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3369:Muntingiaceae
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:Stachyuraceae
3283:
3281:
3280:Guamatelaceae
3278:
3276:
3275:Staphyleaceae
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3207:Emblingiaceae
3205:
3203:
3202:Salvadoraceae
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:Limnanthaceae
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:Tropaeolaceae
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3129:Brunelliaceae
3127:
3125:
3124:Cephalotaceae
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:Ixonanthaceae
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:Euphorbiaceae
3059:
3057:
3056:Rafflesiaceae
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Euphroniaceae
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2986:Malpighiaceae
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:Caryocaraceae
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:Podostemaceae
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2852:Zygophyllales
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:Casuarinaceae
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:Nothofagaceae
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Tetramelaceae
2691:
2689:
2688:Cucurbitaceae
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Apodanthaceae
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2603:
2602:Cynomoriaceae
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Saxifragaceae
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:Peridiscaceae
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2440:Ranunculaceae
2438:
2436:
2435:Berberidaceae
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2382:Nelumbonaceae
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:Eriocaulaceae
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2214:Zingiberaceae
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Heliconiaceae
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2161:Haemodoraceae
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:Commelinaceae
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Asphodelaceae
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Ixioliriaceae
2068:
2066:
2065:Doryanthaceae
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Melanthiaceae
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1949:Cyclanthaceae
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1916:Dioscoreaceae
1914:
1912:
1911:Burmanniaceae
1909:
1907:
1906:Nartheciaceae
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1880:Petrosaviales
1877:
1871:
1870:Cymodoceaceae
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:Posidoniaceae
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:Juncaginaceae
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Tofieldiaceae
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1742:Chloranthales
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:Chloranthidae
1730:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:Hernandiaceae
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1699:Gomortegaceae
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1666:Eupomatiaceae
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:Degeneriaceae
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1646:Myristicaceae
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Hydatellaceae
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1497:Amborellaceae
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1200:
1199:0-333-47494-5
1196:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1066:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
987:
981:
975:
973:
964:
959:
954:
949:
945:
941:
934:
930:
922:
916:
915:
911:
908:
907:
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
891:
887:
884:
883:
879:
876:
875:
871:
868:
867:
863:
860:
859:
855:
852:
851:
847:
844:
843:
839:
836:
835:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
819:
815:
812:
811:
807:
804:
803:
799:
796:
795:
791:
788:
787:
783:
780:
779:
775:
773:
769:
766:
765:
761:
758:
755:
754:
750:
747:
746:
742:
739:
738:
734:
731:
730:
726:
723:
722:
718:
715:
714:
710:
707:
706:
702:
699:
698:
694:
691:
690:
686:
684:
681:
680:
676:
673:
672:
668:
665:
664:
660:
657:
656:
652:
651:
644:
642:
637:
633:
623:
621:
617:
609:
604:
595:
593:
589:
582:Economic uses
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
529:
528:A. distachyos
525:
516:
514:
510:
506:
496:
494:
493:
488:
487:
482:
481:
476:
475:
470:
469:
468:A. robinsonii
464:
463:
458:
457:
452:
451:
446:
445:
440:
439:
434:
433:
428:
427:
422:
421:
416:
415:
410:
409:
404:
403:
398:
397:A. distachyos
393:
390:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
368:South America
365:
361:
357:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:APG II system
291:
286:
284:
281:in the order
280:
276:
272:
268:
258:
253:
250:
246:
243:
239:
235:
230:
229:
225:
222:
221:
217:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:Tracheophytes
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
132:
127:, foliage and
126:
125:
124:A. distachyos
120:
116:
111:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
37:
33:
30:
19:
4667:
4518:Calyceraceae
4513:Goodeniaceae
4498:Phellinaceae
4488:Stylidiaceae
4427:Aquifoliales
4309:Bignoniaceae
4294:Martyniaceae
4264:Gesneriaceae
4221:Hydroleaceae
4211:Montiniaceae
4165:Boraginaceae
4142:Gelsemiaceae
4132:Gentianaceae
4104:Eucommiaceae
4005:Roridulaceae
3985:Symplocaceae
3955:Sladeniaceae
3897:Curtisiaceae
3844:Loranthaceae
3766:Didiereaceae
3721:Barbeuiaceae
3681:Microteaceae
3636:Nepenthaceae
3626:Polygonaceae
3616:Tamaricaceae
3508:Nitrariaceae
3477:Picramniales
3442:Vochysiaceae
3427:Combretaceae
3341:Tapisciaceae
3336:Petenaeaceae
3242:Brassicaceae
2996:Trigoniaceae
2991:Balanopaceae
2956:Hypericaceae
2936:Bonnetiaceae
2911:Irvingiaceae
2898:Malpighiales
2888:Celastraceae
2860:Krameriaceae
2817:Elaeagnaceae
2812:Dirachmaceae
2769:Juglandaceae
2736:Polygalaceae
2721:Quillajaceae
2683:Coriariaceae
2660:Cucurbitales
2597:Haloragaceae
2592:Penthoraceae
2577:Crassulaceae
2542:Altingiaceae
2524:Saxifragales
2476:Dilleniaceae
2415:Papaveraceae
2410:Eupteleaceae
2402:Ranunculales
2310:
2277:Restionaceae
2237:Bromeliaceae
2171:Zingiberales
2151:Philydraceae
2141:Hanguanaceae
2133:Commelinales
2100:Asparagaceae
2060:Hypoxidaceae
2007:Ripogonaceae
2002:Philesiaceae
1997:Colchicaceae
1939:Velloziaceae
1934:Triuridaceae
1898:Dioscoreales
1815:Alismataceae
1763:
1732:
1694:Siparunaceae
1651:Magnoliaceae
1548:Trimeniaceae
1525:Nymphaeaceae
1489:Amborellales
1468:Angiospermae
1423:Families of
1361:
1357:
1351:
1324:
1315:
1302:
1292:
1285:
1271:
1232:
1228:
1213:
1206:
1193:. Macmillan
1190:
1185:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1163:Gesting, B.
1159:
1149:
1142:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1076:
1070:Punu (Apono)
1065:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1021:. Retrieved
995:
991:
985:
943:
939:
933:
920:
912:
904:
896:
888:
880:
872:
864:
856:
848:
840:
832:
824:
816:
808:
800:
792:
784:
776:
772:S.W.L.Jacobs
762:
751:
743:
735:
727:
719:
711:
703:
695:
687:
677:
669:
661:
653:
631:
629:
626:Rest periods
619:
615:
613:
607:
585:
575:
571:
558:
556:
533:
527:
508:
502:
490:
484:
478:
474:A. undulatus
472:
466:
460:
456:A. elongatus
454:
448:
442:
436:
432:A. capuronii
430:
424:
418:
412:
406:
400:
396:
394:
391:
386:
382:
378:
376:
360:South Africa
355:
354:
335:
332:Distribution
317:
311:
302:
301:
287:
274:
270:
266:
264:
248:
227:
226:
210:
184:
171:
158:
122:
35:
29:
4873:iNaturalist
4692:Wikispecies
4473:Rousseaceae
4369:Campanulids
4329:Verbenaceae
4304:Acanthaceae
4299:Pedaliaceae
4289:Byblidaceae
4157:Boraginales
4147:Apocynaceae
4137:Loganiaceae
4119:Gentianales
4068:Icacinaceae
4020:Cyrillaceae
4015:Clethraceae
3995:Styracaceae
3975:Primulaceae
3902:Grubbiaceae
3829:Santalaceae
3771:Basellaceae
3726:Gisekiaceae
3666:Physenaceae
3631:Droseraceae
3528:Sapindaceae
3518:Burseraceae
3462:Alzateaceae
3374:Neuradaceae
3313:Francoaceae
3308:Geraniaceae
3260:Aphloiaceae
3232:Capparaceae
3212:Tovariaceae
3172:Moringaceae
3154:Brassicales
3114:Cunoniaceae
3109:Oxalidaceae
3104:Connaraceae
3021:Achariaceae
3016:Humiriaceae
2981:Elatinaceae
2875:Celastrales
2832:Cannabaceae
2807:Barbeyaceae
2731:Surianaceae
2703:Begoniaceae
2698:Datiscaceae
2537:Paeoniaceae
2514:Superrosids
2499:Gunneraceae
2468:Dilleniales
2387:Platanaceae
2262:Thurniaceae
2242:Rapateaceae
2204:Marantaceae
2055:Lanariaceae
2050:Asteliaceae
2035:Orchidaceae
2027:Asparagales
2012:Smilacaceae
1954:Pandanaceae
1944:Stemonaceae
1850:Zosteraceae
1845:Maundiaceae
1797:Alismatales
1714:Monimiaceae
1638:Magnoliales
1623:Saururaceae
1600:Winteraceae
1595:Canellaceae
1578:Magnoliidae
1520:Cabombaceae
1507:Nymphaeales
1440:Supergroup
1235:: 111–117.
1112:: 111–117.
963:10654/18083
606:An African
598:Cultivation
557:Almost all
420:A. ulvaceus
350:Australasia
292:(1998) and
283:Alismatales
201:Alismatales
178:Angiosperms
5041:Aponogeton
5035:Categories
4826:Aponogeton
4761:Aponogeton
4698:Aponogeton
4668:Aponogeton
4556:Dipsacales
4546:Bruniaceae
4523:Asteraceae
4407:Araliaceae
4344:Phrymaceae
4279:Stilbaceae
4206:Solanaceae
4183:Vahliaceae
4109:Garryaceae
4055:Icacinales
3965:Sapotaceae
3819:Opiliaceae
3806:Santalales
3781:Talinaceae
3761:Montiaceae
3513:Kirkiaceae
3495:Sapindales
3467:Penaeaceae
3437:Onagraceae
3432:Lythraceae
3364:Cytinaceae
3323:Huerteales
3300:Geraniales
3237:Cleomaceae
3227:Resedaceae
3177:Caricaceae
3162:Akaniaceae
3091:Oxalidales
3046:Salicaceae
3031:Goupiaceae
2941:Clusiaceae
2842:Urticaceae
2822:Rhamnaceae
2784:Betulaceae
2764:Myricaceae
2486:Gunnerales
2392:Proteaceae
2272:Cyperaceae
2257:Mayacaceae
2247:Xyridaceae
1977:Corsiaceae
1926:Pandanales
1865:Ruppiaceae
1820:Butomaceae
1671:Annonaceae
1628:Piperaceae
1587:Canellales
1352:Aponogeton
1214:Aponogeton
1178:Aponogeton
1023:2010-03-13
986:Aponogeton
925:References
861:H. Bruggen
724:H. Bruggen
708:H. Bruggen
683:H. Bruggen
616:Aponogeton
608:Aponogeton
576:A. crispus
572:Aponogeton
559:Aponogeton
552:dry season
544:herbaceous
509:Aponogeton
450:A. crispus
438:A. decaryi
379:A. crispus
366:, Western
303:Aponogeton
290:APG system
228:Aponogeton
36:Aponogeton
4795:FloraBase
4564:Adoxaceae
4533:Bruniales
4465:Asterales
4334:Lamiaceae
4193:Solanales
4175:Vahliales
4127:Rubiaceae
4096:Garryales
4025:Ericaceae
3970:Ebenaceae
3907:Cornaceae
3892:Loasaceae
3877:Nyssaceae
3814:Olacaceae
3796:Cactaceae
3731:Aizoaceae
3706:Limeaceae
3543:Meliaceae
3447:Myrtaceae
3399:Cistaceae
3379:Malvaceae
3026:Violaceae
2931:Ochnaceae
2906:Pandaceae
2377:Sabiaceae
2369:Proteales
2267:Juncaceae
2232:Typhaceae
2209:Costaceae
2199:Cannaceae
2184:Lowiaceae
2123:Arecaceae
2080:Iridaceae
2040:Boryaceae
2017:Liliaceae
1787:Acoraceae
1719:Lauraceae
1610:Piperales
1448:Bryophyta
1378:0363-6445
1043:Phytotaxa
1018:0067-7892
1000:Stuttgart
921:Sources:
885:J. Raynal
781:J. Raynal
759:ex Benth.
716:H.Bruggen
588:aquariums
505:Campanian
499:Evolution
492:A. loriae
486:A. natans
383:A. natans
364:Australia
336:They are
249:See text
148:Kingdom:
5000:VicFlora
4992:40017918
4987:Tropicos
4891:331137-2
4774:11842325
4756:eFloraSA
4677:Wikidata
4643:Category
4417:Apiaceae
4339:Mazaceae
4249:Oleaceae
4231:Lamiales
3980:Theaceae
3917:Ericales
3869:Cornales
3859:Asterids
3716:Kewaceae
3533:Rutaceae
3419:Myrtales
3394:Bixaceae
3356:Malvales
3197:Bataceae
3066:Linaceae
3051:Peraceae
2837:Moraceae
2827:Ulmaceae
2802:Rosaceae
2759:Fagaceae
2726:Fabaceae
2635:Vitaceae
2562:Iteaceae
2359:Buxaceae
2342:Eudicots
2194:Musaceae
2110:Arecales
1964:Liliales
1779:Acorales
1769:Monocots
1681:Laurales
1386:59494661
1339:Archived
1276:Archived
1257:25462997
1134:25462997
1085:Archived
982:(1985).
757:F.Muell.
298:monocots
207:Family:
191:Monocots
4852:2864137
4683:Q858081
4379:Apiales
4045:Lamiids
3144:Malvids
3099:Huaceae
2794:Rosales
2746:Fagales
2713:Fabales
2627:Vitales
2351:Buxales
2297:Poaceae
1805:Araceae
1764:Lilidae
1237:Bibcode
1114:Bibcode
998:(137).
636:rhizome
564:rhizome
548:dormant
536:species
519:Ecology
242:Species
223:Genus:
216:Planch.
197:Order:
152:Plantae
4961:PLANTS
4953:881391
4937:NZOR:
4839:102317
4813:102317
4735:351367
4709:188238
4706:APDB:
2650:Fabids
2617:Rosids
2224:Poales
1429:APG IV
1384:
1376:
1318:(USDA)
1255:
1197:
1132:
1016:
1006:
837:Peter.
770:&
768:Hellq.
732:Thunb.
641:leaves
513:Eocene
372:Europe
342:Africa
4966:APONO
4930:51593
4904:38979
4878:71977
4821:FoAO2
4800:20936
4787:1APGG
4748:8VV4T
4722:97550
1442:Plant
1382:S2CID
909:Baker
901:Roxb.
869:Engl.
853:Oliv.
821:Oliv.
789:Lehm.
592:ponds
568:tuber
540:tuber
534:Many
322:Gabon
318:geton
269:(the
185:Clade
172:Clade
159:Clade
4974:POWO
4925:NCBI
4899:ITIS
4886:IPNI
4860:GRIN
4847:GBIF
4782:EPPO
4730:BOLD
4717:APNI
1374:ISSN
1253:PMID
1195:ISBN
1130:PMID
1014:ISSN
1004:ISBN
893:Bak.
748:L.f.
674:Ait.
614:All
489:and
471:and
441:and
417:and
348:and
346:Asia
265:The
234:L.f.
48:PreꞒ
5013:WFO
4912:NBN
4865:861
4834:FoC
4808:FNA
4769:EoL
4743:CoL
1366:doi
1245:doi
1122:doi
1051:doi
1047:261
958:hdl
948:doi
944:161
666:Lye
590:or
566:or
389:).
385:or
273:or
5037::
5015::
5002::
4989::
4976::
4963::
4950::
4927::
4914::
4901::
4888::
4875::
4862::
4849::
4836::
4823::
4810::
4797::
4784::
4771::
4758::
4745::
4732::
4719::
4694::
4679::
1380:.
1372:.
1362:30
1360:.
1356:.
1251:.
1243:.
1233:82
1231:.
1128:.
1120:.
1110:82
1108:.
1104:.
1045:.
1041:.
1012:.
996:33
994:.
990:.
971:^
956:,
942:,
483:,
465:,
459:,
453:,
435:,
429:,
411:,
405:,
374:.
352:.
344:,
285:.
187::
174::
161::
98:Pg
1771:)
1767:(
1444::
1431:)
1427:(
1416:e
1409:t
1402:v
1388:.
1368::
1259:.
1247::
1239::
1216:.
1201:.
1136:.
1124::
1116::
1059:.
1053::
1026:.
960::
950::
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:Ꞓ
20:)
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