440:. As Zsoldos emphasized the oligarchs recognized each other's titles, in addition to the monarchs, cathedral chapters and other institutions. One of the basis of Zsoldos' theory is the fact that Roland Rátót and – even more – Apor Péc were considered as much less important persons than, for instance Matthew Csák or Amadeus Aba. Still, other moderately influential lords did not follow the example of Apor and Roland, and nobody else were styled as palatine beyond two of them. In a royal document from 1307, Charles also referred to Apor as palatine. After Charles' third coronation, which was performed in full accordance with customary law, on 27 August 1310, the king recognized only James Borsa as Palatine, who was appointed to the position in 1306 by Charles. Apor Péc was deceased by then.
344:
434:
became "perpetual" Palatines and Andrew accepted their suzerainty over their provinces, while the king's two most powerful partisans, Amadeus Aba and
Stephen Ákos were also granted this privilege. In addition to them, two co-palatines of the previous year, Roland Rátót and Apor Péc also received the title as a counterweight, according to Zsoldos' theory. Therefore the historian considers Apor already bore the dignity of Palatine since the last regnal year of Andrew. Accordingly, the claimants to the Hungarian throne inherited Andrew's last decision, and they were forced to accept the
395:" in various times in those period. Supporting his claim to the Hungarian throne, he was a partisan of Charles at least since 1302, but it is presumable that Apor took an oath of allegiance to him already in 1301, following Andrew's death. He participated in the unsuccessful siege of Buda in September 1302. Apor was first styled as Palatine in a document issued on August 1304. In the first decade of the 14th century, seven barons held the dignity simultaneously. Majority of the historians, including
243:
227:. According to Romanian historian Tudor Sălăgean, Apor exerted his office from outside the province and "merely instituted an exploitation regime to the benefit of the Hungarian aristocracy". Based on the contemporary documents, Apor never demonstrated any interest in Transylvania, and he did not acquire lands there during his short-term voivodeship. Following the death of
419:, Roland Rátót and Apor himself were arbitrarily took and used the title, which marked its devaluation. However, historian Attila Zsoldos developed a special theory. When Andrew III formed a league against his enemies, a group of powerful lords — including the Kőszegis, Matthew Csák and Roland Borsa — urged
371:
was responsible for
Transdanubia – in 1298 and held that office until the next year. In the contemporary context, this meant that Apor had jurisdiction over Western Hungary in this capacity, while Roland Rátót supervised the counties in Eastern Hungary (as "Transdanubia" had a different meaning than
443:
Despite he was an early supporter of
Charles, Apor remained a second-degree member of his royal court. In 1302, he was still ranked to the fourth place in a list of Charles' partisans. Two years later, he was ranked only to the eight place despite his prestigious title. Apor was last mentioned as a
433:
in August 1300, supported by most
Croatian and Slavonian lords. However, the Kőszegis and Matthew Csák were shortly reconciled with Andrew, preventing Charles' success. Zsoldos argued Andrew III entered into a new feudal contract with the barons in the summer of 1300: Matthew Csák and Ivan Kőszegi
285:
gathered his relatives and their forces and defeated the army of Péc, who seriously injured during the battle. After that Csukárdi reconquered the castle of
Pressburg. Apor Péc lost his political influence for several years after this betrayal. He was considered a strong ally of the powerful
324:
He served as judge royal from 1293 to 1297. By that time, the importance of the position had deteriorated, since
Hungary was in a state of constant anarchy during the second half of Andrew's reign. In parallel with this, his deputy, vice-judge royal
329:
was considered the monarch's personally appointed confidential expert, and himself took an effective judicial role. In accordance with contemporary customs, Devecseri adopted the seal of his nominal superior, but he was
444:
living person in 1307. It is plausible, he died in that year, as he was not present at the Diet of Rákos on 10 October 1307, which confirmed
Charles' claim to the throne.
355:
Maintaining the short-lived dual system in the dignity in order to avoid power struggle, which characterized the late reign of Andrew III, Apor Péc became
134:; died 1307) was a Hungarian baron and landowner at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings
1122:
326:
282:
314:
934:
305:
between 1291 and 1292. In this capacity, he and one of his brothers, Lucas conquered by force the Tátika Castle which owned by the
200:
235:
by 1284, their baronial group which imposed Apor as voivode broke apart, thus he lost his dignity soon. Roland Borsa returned to
1097:
1092:
879:
858:
816:
795:
1112:
776:
734:
343:
321:
owned the fort. Tátika Castle has been restored to its original owner only after the fall of the Kőszegis' domain.
336:
the monarch's representative. For instance, Apor Péc nominated a notary to the judicial court, which resided in
1107:
423:
to send his grandson, the 12-year-old
Charles of Anjou, to Hungary in order to become king, according to the
1082:
981:
826:
Szőcs, Tibor (2015). "Egy (nem) tipikus alországbíró a késő Árpád-korból: Devecseri Emych fia Márton ".
790:. East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages 450–1450. Vol. 37. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
379:
marked the era of the
Interregnum (1301–1310), when civil war between various claimants to the throne —
306:
388:
384:
874:(in Hungarian). Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megyei Önkormányzat Múzeumok Igazgatósága. pp. 289–299.
317:
vainly objected at the royal court. However the castle was lost to the Kőszegi family by 1314, when
961:
208:
135:
1102:
788:
Transylvania in the Second Half of the
Thirteenth Century: The Rise of the Congregational System
868:
Zsoldos, Attila (2011b). "III. András hat nádora ". In Cabello, Juan; C. Tóth, Norbert (eds.).
340:, to represent his interests, which reflected Devecseri's institutional independence from him.
278:), as well as devastated its surrounding area in winter that year. However a local noble, vice-
290:
in the second half of the 1280s. According to a report, Apor invaded and seized the castle of
1117:
139:
1013:
297:
After the coronation of Andrew III, he supported the king's efforts nominally. He served as
263:
51:
1087:
1026:
944:
420:
380:
368:
184:
8:
1052:
1020:
356:
143:
26:
404:
223:
to resign his voivodeship in favour of Apor Péc, even though his estates laid mainly in
376:
142:. He was one of the seven barons in the early 14th century, who were styled themselves
127:
228:
875:
854:
835:
812:
791:
772:
753:
730:
870:
Erősségénél fogva várépítésre való: Tanulmányok a 70 éves Németh Péter tiszteletére
318:
287:
425:
199:
Apor Péc began his political career during the reign of Ladislaus IV; he served as
187:
from 1289 to 1291. He also had several influential relatives, including his cousin
348:
180:
400:
998:
412:
396:
255:
232:
430:
360:
302:
216:
898:
310:
172:
155:
104:
1076:
839:
757:
971:
954:
236:
224:
220:
767:
A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon
188:
1037:
1008:
988:
811:(in Hungarian). Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Támogatott Kutatások Irodája.
416:
408:
191:, probably the most powerful member of the kindred. Apor died childless.
176:
69:
46:
927:
436:
391:— broke out and lasted for seven years. Apor Péc was mentioned as a "
347:
The ruins of Tátika Castle, which was seized by Apor and his brother
267:
744:
Kristó, Gyula (1999). "I. Károly király főúri elitje (1301–1309) ".
259:
332:
275:
99:
163:
242:
219:, when a series of royal concessions to the aristocracy forced
207:
of Zala County in 1280. Three years later, he was appointed
337:
291:
247:
853:(in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete.
729:(in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete.
505:
481:
171:) Mark (d. after 1245). He had four siblings, including
688:
676:
664:
630:
628:
294:
and its surrounding lands from Tiba Tomaj around 1290.
154:
Apor (also Opour) was born into the Zala branch of the
589:
577:
565:
541:
458:
456:
493:
700:
652:
625:
613:
601:
553:
529:
517:
453:
725:Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I
640:
1074:
849:Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301
828:Acta Universitatis Szegediensis: Acta Historica
807:A nádori intézmény korai története, 1000–1342
254:When king Ladislaus IV led a campaign against
250:, which was seized by Apor Péc around 1290
1123:Masters of the horse (Kingdom of Hungary)
375:Andrew's death and the extinction of the
867:
846:
785:
752:(1). Magyar Történelmi Társulat: 41–62.
694:
682:
670:
595:
571:
547:
511:
499:
487:
342:
241:
1075:
743:
706:
658:
634:
266:, besieged and occupied the castle of
825:
804:
764:
722:
646:
619:
607:
583:
559:
535:
523:
462:
468:
262:in 1286, Apor Péc, in alliance with
13:
429:. The young prince disembarked in
14:
1134:
771:(in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó.
239:and retook the office in 1284.
1:
1098:14th-century Hungarian people
1093:13th-century Hungarian people
447:
313:decades earlier. The bishop,
403:, considered, these barons,
359:for the Cisdanubian region (
7:
10:
1139:
715:
478:(Genus Péc 1. Zala branch)
1063:
1050:
1044:
1034:
1018:
1005:
995:
986:
978:
968:
959:
951:
941:
932:
924:
919:
892:
847:Zsoldos, Attila (2011a).
365:palatinus citradanubialis
194:
149:
124:Apor from the kindred Péc
113:
98:
90:
83:
65:
42:
32:
25:
18:
1113:Voivodes of Transylvania
786:Sălăgean, Tudor (2016).
962:Voivode of Transylvania
209:Voivode of Transylvania
76:several office-holders
58:several office-holders
1066:several office-holders
1047:several office-holders
765:Markó, László (2006).
364:
352:
251:
131:
805:Szőcs, Tibor (2014).
426:Illuminated Chronicle
385:Wenceslaus of Bohemia
346:
245:
1108:Palatines of Hungary
421:Charles II of Naples
274:; today Bratislava,
1083:13th-century births
1053:Palatine of Hungary
1021:Palatine of Hungary
982:Thomas Hont-Pázmány
935:Master of the horse
723:Engel, Pál (1996).
514:, pp. 133–134.
490:, pp. 58, 233.
367:) – simultaneously
357:Palatine of Hungary
307:Diocese of Veszprém
201:Master of the horse
144:Palatine of Hungary
27:Palatine of Hungary
920:Political offices
353:
252:
1071:
1070:
1064:Succeeded by
1058:
1035:Succeeded by
1029:
996:Succeeded by
969:Succeeded by
942:Succeeded by
881:978-963-7220-75-3
860:978-963-9627-38-3
818:978-963-508-697-9
797:978-90-04-24362-0
586:, pp. 53–54.
121:
120:
79:
74:
61:
56:
1130:
1057:alongside others
1056:
1045:Preceded by
1024:
1014:Nicholas Kőszegi
1006:Preceded by
979:Preceded by
952:Preceded by
925:Preceded by
915:
908:
890:
889:
885:
864:
843:
830:(in Hungarian).
822:
801:
782:
761:
748:(in Hungarian).
740:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
623:
617:
611:
605:
599:
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587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
539:
533:
527:
521:
515:
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
479:
472:
466:
460:
411:, Ivan Kőszegi,
405:Matthew III Csák
381:Charles of Anjou
327:Martin Devecseri
264:Nicholas Kőszegi
132:Péc nembeli Apor
86:
77:
72:
59:
54:
52:Nicholas Kőszegi
16:
15:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1073:
1072:
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1023:
1016:
1012:
1001:
992:
984:
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965:
957:
947:
938:
930:
909:
903:
902:
895:
888:
882:
861:
819:
798:
779:
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713:
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689:
681:
677:
669:
665:
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633:
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614:
606:
602:
594:
590:
582:
578:
570:
566:
558:
554:
546:
542:
534:
530:
522:
518:
510:
506:
498:
494:
486:
482:
473:
469:
461:
454:
450:
389:Otto of Bavaria
372:present days).
197:
152:
84:
75:
57:
50:
37:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1136:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1017:
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
994:
985:
980:
976:
975:
970:
967:
958:
953:
949:
948:
943:
940:
931:
926:
922:
921:
917:
916:
896:
893:
887:
886:
880:
865:
859:
844:
823:
817:
802:
796:
783:
777:
762:
741:
735:
719:
717:
714:
712:
711:
699:
697:, p. 298.
687:
685:, p. 292.
675:
673:, p. 296.
663:
651:
639:
624:
622:, p. 470.
612:
600:
588:
576:
564:
562:, p. 441.
552:
550:, p. 186.
540:
538:, p. 400.
528:
526:, p. 222.
516:
504:
492:
480:
467:
465:, p. 247.
451:
449:
446:
319:Andrew Kőszegi
303:Pozsony County
288:Kőszegi family
246:The castle of
217:Szolnok County
196:
193:
161:as the son of
151:
148:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
102:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
81:
80:
67:
63:
62:
44:
40:
39:
34:
30:
29:
23:
22:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1135:
1124:
1121:
1119:
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1111:
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1106:
1104:
1101:
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1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
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1078:
1059:
1054:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1000:
991:
990:
983:
977:
973:
964:
963:
956:
950:
946:
937:
936:
929:
923:
918:
913:
906:
901:
900:
891:
883:
877:
873:
871:
866:
862:
856:
852:
850:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
820:
814:
810:
808:
803:
799:
793:
789:
784:
780:
778:963-208-970-7
774:
770:
768:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
738:
736:963-8312-44-0
732:
728:
726:
721:
720:
709:, p. 42.
708:
703:
696:
695:Zsoldos 2011b
691:
684:
683:Zsoldos 2011b
679:
672:
671:Zsoldos 2011b
667:
661:, p. 50.
660:
655:
648:
643:
637:, p. 45.
636:
631:
629:
621:
616:
610:, p. 95.
609:
604:
598:, p. 25.
597:
596:Zsoldos 2011a
592:
585:
580:
574:, p. 35.
573:
572:Zsoldos 2011a
568:
561:
556:
549:
548:Zsoldos 2011a
544:
537:
532:
525:
520:
513:
512:Sălăgean 2016
508:
502:, p. 40.
501:
500:Zsoldos 2011a
496:
489:
488:Zsoldos 2011a
484:
477:
471:
464:
459:
457:
452:
445:
441:
439:
438:
432:
428:
427:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:Árpád dynasty
373:
370:
366:
362:
358:
350:
345:
341:
339:
335:
334:
328:
322:
320:
316:
312:
309:and built by
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
284:
283:John Csukárdi
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:and captured
257:
249:
244:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:
160:
158:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
116:
112:
109:
107:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
82:
71:
68:
64:
53:
48:
45:
41:
35:
31:
28:
24:
17:
1118:Judges royal
1051:
1027:Roland Rátót
1019:
999:Stephen Ákos
987:
972:Roland Borsa
960:
955:Roland Borsa
945:Roland Rátót
933:
911:
904:
897:
872:
869:
851:
848:
831:
827:
809:
806:
787:
769:
766:
749:
745:
727:
724:
702:
690:
678:
666:
654:
649:, p. 2.
642:
615:
603:
591:
579:
567:
555:
543:
531:
519:
507:
495:
483:
475:
470:
442:
435:
424:
413:Stephen Ákos
397:Gyula Kristó
392:
374:
369:Roland Rátót
354:
331:
323:
315:Benedict Rád
298:
296:
279:
271:
256:Ivan Kőszegi
253:
237:Transylvania
233:Peter I Csák
225:Transdanubia
221:Roland Borsa
212:
204:
198:
179:in 1288 and
168:
162:
156:
153:
136:Ladislaus IV
123:
122:
105:
100:Noble family
1103:Péc (genus)
1088:1307 deaths
1038:Amadeus Aba
1009:Amadeus Aba
989:Judge royal
707:Kristó 1999
659:Kristó 1999
635:Kristó 1999
417:James Borsa
409:Amadeus Aba
351:around 1291
311:Zlaudus Ják
185:Zala County
183:, ispán of
177:judge royal
70:Amadeus Aba
47:Amadeus Aba
43:Predecessor
1077:Categories
1061:1304–1307
1032:1298–1299
1025:alongside
993:1293–1297
647:Engel 1996
620:Engel 1996
608:Szőcs 2014
584:Szőcs 2015
560:Engel 1996
536:Engel 1996
524:Szőcs 2014
476:Genealógia
463:Markó 2006
448:References
437:status quo
401:Jenő Szűcs
229:Matthew II
140:Andrew III
78:(2nd term)
73:(1st term)
60:(2nd term)
55:(1st term)
899:Genus Péc
840:0324-6965
834:: 41–62.
758:0039-8098
268:Pressburg
128:Hungarian
66:Successor
38:1304–1307
36:1298–1299
907: ?
746:Századok
333:de facto
276:Slovakia
20:Apor Péc
716:Sources
474:Engel:
272:Pozsony
173:Gregory
910:
878:
857:
838:
815:
794:
775:
756:
733:
387:, and
260:Kőszeg
195:Career
150:Family
117:Mark I
114:Father
1011:&
966:1283
939:1280
914:1307
912:Died:
905:Born:
431:Split
393:baron
361:Latin
349:Lucas
299:ispán
280:ispán
213:ispán
205:ispán
189:Denis
181:Lucas
169:comes
164:ispán
85:
49:&
33:Reign
894:Apor
876:ISBN
855:ISBN
836:ISSN
813:ISBN
792:ISBN
773:ISBN
754:ISSN
731:ISBN
399:and
338:Buda
292:Rezi
248:Rezi
231:and
211:and
203:and
157:gens
138:and
106:gens
94:1307
91:Died
832:138
750:133
301:of
215:of
159:Péc
108:Péc
1079::
928:H.
627:^
455:^
415:,
407:,
383:,
363::
175:,
146:.
130::
884:.
863:.
842:.
821:.
800:.
781:.
760:.
739:.
270:(
167:(
126:(
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