Appomattox campaign

3148:, by 3:00 p.m., blocking the Richmond and Danville Railroad route to the southwest. The main body of Crook's cavalry division and Brigadier General Joshua Chamberlain's infantry brigade from the V Corps also headed toward Jetersville, arriving before dark. A few hours later, the rest of the V Corps arrived at Jetersville and started to entrench, even extending the trenches across the railroad tracks. The arrival of the entire V Corps at Jetersville ended Lee's last chance to move south along the railroad, although if he had chosen to send Longstreet's corps which had arrived first at Amelia Court House south against the gathering Union force, his trailing divisions probably could not have caught up. Ewell was still trying to cross the Appomattox River at 10:00 p.m.; Anderson was still skirmishing with Devin at Beaver Pond Creek; Gordon was several miles behind at Scott's Shop; and Mahone was not far from Goode's Bridge, waiting to protect the bridge in case Ewell could find no other river crossing. When Devin's cavalry broke off the engagement at Beaver Pond Creek, no Union force threatened the rear of Lee's army and Anderson's and Mahone's forces did not need to lag behind as rear guards. They did not arrive at Amelia Court House until well into the next day. 2784: 2748: 2607:'s Division of the Second Corps held the Confederate line to the east of the broken Confederate main line. When Brigadier General Lane withdrew his remaining men from his position along the Confederate main line, he met Major General Cadmus Wilcox near Fort Gregg. Wilcox insisted on attempting to reclaim the Confederate lines or at least to block a further breakthrough. Near Fort Gregg, Wilcox and Lane assembled about 600 fugitives of Lane's and Thomas's brigades and attacked about 80 men of Colonel Joseph Hamblin's brigade who were holding the end of the captured line. The Union soldiers withdrew in the face of this large force, leaving two captured guns behind. Lane's men then formed a line facing west along Church Road perpendicular to the old line. This minor advance, which lasted less than an hour, still left over 4 miles (6.4 km) of the Confederate line in the Union Army's possession. 2772: 3346:, a junction of the South Side Railroad and Richmond and Danville Railroad to the southeast of Rice's Station, on the night of April 5. When Longstreet arrived at Rice's Station, he learned that Ord's troops were at Burkeville Junction and ordered his men to dig in along the tracks and roads into town. During the morning of April 6, after being warned that Lee's Army was on the march, Ord and Gibbon had moved cautiously up the railroad and found Longstreet's force digging in near Rice's Station. Gibbon's skirmishers slowly formed for an attack and had a minor confrontation with the entrenched Confederates. As darkness approached and being unsure of the size of the Confederate force, Ord decided to wait for Sheridan and Meade to come up from behind. The Union force suffered 66 casualties before going into bivouac as darkness approached. Exact Confederate casualties are unknown. 596:, also known as Grant's first offensive at Petersburg. By June 18, the Army of Northern Virginia reinforced the Confederate defenders, ending the possibility of a quick Union victory. At the start of the campaign, the Union forces could pin down most of the Army of Northern Virginia to their trenches and fortifications running from northeast of Richmond to southwest of Petersburg but was not strong or large enough to surround the Confederate Army or to cut all supply routes to Petersburg and Richmond or to turn the Confederate Army out of its defenses. The smaller Confederate Army was strong enough to maintain their defenses and to detach some units for independent operations but not large enough to send a field army out to fight a major battle with the Union force that might compel a retreat. 2733:'s brigade assaulted the fort from the rear as well as across the ditch and over the parapet, capturing three guns and several prisoners but they could not advance due to flanking artillery fire. The attack then bogged down after Parke's corps had taken four batteries, including Fort Mahone, and only about 500 yards (460 m) of the Confederate forward line. Confederate counterattacks led to bitter fighting, traverse to traverse, as the afternoon continued. Brigadier General Simon G. Griffin soon relieved the wounded Potter in division command. Major General Bryan Grimes's Confederates counterattacked at 1:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m., which recaptured a portion of Fort Mahone and sections of Union-occupied trenches east of Jerusalem Plank Road. Union Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) 2373:

Brigadier General Romeyn B. Ayres alone overran the short right angled line on the left side of the Confederate main line. Sheridan's personal leadership helped encourage the men and focus them on their objective. Brigadier General Charles Griffin's division recovered from overshooting the Confederate left and helped roll up additional improvised Confederate defense lines. Brigadier General (Brevet Major General) Samuel W. Crawford's division swept across north of the main battle but then closed off Ford's Church Road, swept down to Five Forks and helped disperse the last line of Confederate infantry resistance. The Union cavalry was somewhat less successful. Although they pushed the Confederate cavalry back, most escaped while most of the Confederate infantry became casualties or prisoners.

2032:'s division of the V Corps made a reconnaissance toward the White Oak Road a short distance west of Claiborne Road. The lead brigade under Colonel Frederick Winthrop crossed a swollen branch of Gravelly Run which was to feature in the following day's battle. Two other brigades did not cross but began to entrench. Winthrop's men saw the movement west of Pickett's brigades and captured a Confederate officer who provided information that was sent to Meade. Ayres saw only empty space to the northeast and failed to see heavy fortifications near the intersection of White Oak Road and Claiborne Road which angled sharply back to Hatcher's Run directly to his north. As dark approached, Ayres had a number of outposts prepared to cover his position, which was along and not beyond the Confederate line. 1973:

or capture Confederate supplies there. Sheridan responded by going to Grant's headquarters which had been moved forward to near the Vaughan Road crossing of Gravelly Run on the night of March 30 to urge him to press ahead regardless of the weather and road conditions. In fact, when Devin's men had been driven back from Five Forks, they had encamped about a mile away at the John Boisseau house. During their discussions, Grant told Sheridan he would send him the V Corps for infantry support and that his new orders were not to extend the line further but to turn the Confederate flank and to break Lee's army. Sheridan wanted the VI Corps which had fought with him in the Shenandoah Valley. Grant told him that the VI Corps was too far from his position to make the move.

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proclamation that day. Yet Union Army foragers, perhaps being less sensitive to the reluctance or needs of local residents, seemed to have been able to find abundant provisions on the march as their wagons began to fall far behind on the muddy roads. Lee also ordered 200,000 rations to be sent from Danville via the railroad. Sheridan intercepted this message at Jetersville later that day. Lee also ordered that the number of wagons and artillery pieces with the army be reduced and precede the infantry on the march with the best horses. The extra equipment was to be sent by a circuitous route to the north with the weaker animals, sent by rail or destroyed. The 200 guns and 1,000 wagons that Lee's army had taken on their flight would be reduced by almost one-third.

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the Jones house to the left end of his line opposite Union Forts Fisher and Welch. The land between the lines of the two armies was clear of trees and had few natural obstacles except for some marshes near the left end of Wright's line. To the right of the point of attack were inundated areas and strong defenses. The Confederates had batteries sited every few hundred yards along their line. The capture of the Confederate picket line during the Battle of Jones's Farm on March 25, 1865, put the VI Corps close enough to the main Confederate line, with a covered approach to within 2,500 yards (2,300 m) of the defenses, for the attack to succeed. Wright had about 14,000 troops to attack about 2,800 defenders over about 1 mile (1.6 km) of line.

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casualties in this final fight. Colonel Charles Venable of Lee's staff rode in at this time and asked Gordon for an assessment. Gordon gave him a reply he knew Lee did not want to hear: "Tell General Lee I have fought my corps to a frazzle, and I fear I can do nothing unless I am heavily supported by Longstreet's corps." Upon hearing it and considering the position of the armies, Lee finally stated the inevitable: "Then there is nothing left for me to do but to go and see General Grant and I would rather die a thousand deaths." Lee surrendered his army at 3 p.m., accepting the terms Grant had proposed by letter the previous day. He was accompanied to the McLean House where the surrender occurred only by his aide Colonel

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House on April 4. A pontoon bridge had been placed at Goode's Bridge but traffic there became heavily congested because the approaches to Bevill's Bridge also were blocked by high water. Lee did not mention the missing pontoon bridge in his remarks a week later but instead blamed the delay entirely on the lack of supplies at Amelia Court House, but as some historians have pointed out, many of his men and wagons had not arrived at Amelia Court House on April 4 and were not in a position to advance until some time on April 5 even if he had not stopped the others to rest and forage. Historian William Marvel wrote that "as badly as Lee needed to keep moving that night, he needed even more to concentrate his forces."

3313:, who had participated in the defenses of Richmond, was killed leading a detachment of artillery personnel during a counterattack by Ewell's men. General Humphreys later stated that the disorder of the Confederates after their defeats at Five Forks, Sutherland's Station and the Breakthrough at Petersburg "doubtless scattered them to such an extent that many being without rations did not rejoin their commands." He went on to say that: "In the movement to Amelia Court House, and from that point to Sailor's Creek, Farmville and Appomattox Court House, having but scanty supplies and being exhausted by want of sleep and food and overcome with fatigue, many men fell out or wandered in search of food." 2760: 3562:

such officer or officers as you may designate. The officers to give their individual paroles not to take up arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged, and each company or regimental commander sign a like parole for the men of their commands. The arms, artillery and public property to be parked and stacked, and turned over to the officer appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer and man will be allowed to return to their homes, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where they may reside.

932:. The generals outlined their strategies and told Lincoln they anticipated the need for one more campaign, although Lincoln expressed his hope that much further bloodshed could be avoided. This was the only conference at which Lincoln conferred with his top military officers about post-war policies. Admiral Porter made notes that night in which he recorded that Lincoln wanted the Confederates to be let go and treated liberally. Porter quoted Lincoln as saying that his only desire was for "those people to return to their allegiance to the Union and submit to the laws." Lincoln also indicated that he did not want the generals making political settlements with the Confederates. 3501: 10363: 2288:'s brigade to reinforce Sheridan. When Pickett became aware that Union infantry were arriving near his flank, he withdrew to his modest earthworks at Five Forks. After a night of confused orders and weather-related delays, Warren's three divisions joined Sheridan near Dinwiddie Court House between dawn and 9:00 a.m. Sheridan had been misinformed about the speed with which Warren could move his corps and later held the supposed delayed arrival against Warren. General Grant officially transferred Warren's Corps to Sheridan's command at 6:00 a.m. After Pickett's withdrawal, Sheridan planned to attack the Confederates at Five Forks as soon as possible. 1064: 2644:(Second Division's) First Brigade under Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Potter and Second Brigade under Colonel William B. Curtis pushed up, merely for them also to get stuck in the mud and water in the ditch. The great majority of soldiers of 14 regiments reached the ditch in front of the fort where the attack temporarily halted. A total force of 4,000 men had attacked Fort Gregg, struggling for up to a half-hour to gain entry as the defenders threw "dirt, stones and various kinds of missiles," including rolled artillery shells, across the parapet onto their heads and killed or wounded many of the first attackers as they came to the top of the parapet. 3647:

infantry, 1,559 cavalry, and 2,576 artillery troops. William Marvel has written that many of the Confederate veterans bemoaned that there were only "8,000 muskets" available at the end against the enormous Union Army, but this figure deliberately ignores cavalry and artillery strength and is much lower than the total number of men who received certificates of parole. Many men who had slipped away from the army during the retreat later returned to receive the official Federal paperwork allowing them to return to their homes unmolested. Union casualties for the campaign were about 9,700 killed, wounded, and missing or captured.

3546:. The next line, held by Major General George Crook's division of the Army of the Potomac and Brigadier General Ranald S. Mackenzie's smaller division from the Army of the James, slowed the Confederate advance. Gordon's troops charged through the Union lines and took the ridge, but as they reached the crest they saw the entire Union XXIV Corps in line of battle with the Union V Corps to their right. Lee's outnumbered army was now surrounded on three sides. Lee's cavalry saw these Union forces and immediately withdrew by the left flank to the Richmond-Lynchburg Stage Road and rode off unhindered towards Lynchburg. 10327: 1566: 741: 2914:

from Hatcher's Run to White Oak Road. Heth's brigades were commanded by Brigadier General Samuel McGowan, Brigadier General John R. Cooke (part), Brigadier General William MacRae (part) and Colonel Joseph H. Hyman in lieu of Brigadier General Alfred Moore Scales, although temporarily commanded by Colonel Thomas S. Galloway of the 22nd North Carolina Infantry of Cadmus Wilcox's division. By 8:30 a.m., Humphreys's divisions held the Confederate works from Burgess's Mill to Claiborne Road. The retreating defenders withdrew to the northwest to Sutherland's Station on the South Side Railroad.

168: 181: 291: 281: 271: 236: 227: 218: 209: 200: 632:, which was promptly joined by the V Corps, in moving to protect the attacking force and to defend their advanced positions, resulted in the extension of the lines. Fighting continued in bad weather on February 6 and 7 after which the Union force built trenches and fortifications to hold the extended line. The Confederates matched the Union works by extending their Boydton Plank Road Line to the south and their White Oak Road line to the west. With the additions, the lines of the armies south of Petersburg extended 15 miles (24 km) from the Appomattox River to Hatcher's Run. 1549: 1100: 3186: 2413: 3631: 14026: 2513: 2347:

artillery and cavalry from the Union Army commanded by Major General Philip Sheridan and V Corps commander Major General Gouverneur K. Warren defeated a Confederate Army of Northern Virginia combined task force commanded by Major General George E. Pickett and cavalry corps commander Fitzhugh Lee. The Union Army inflicted over 1,000 casualties on the Confederates and took at least 2,400 prisoners while seizing Five Forks, the key to control of the vital South Side Railroad. Union casualties were 103 killed, 670 wounded, 57 missing for a total of 830.

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or sally port in the rear. Attackers were able to gain entry to the fort from the rear at the same time that a large number of Union troops finally managed to gain the top of the parapet. Soldiers of the 12th West Virginia Infantry Regiment were reported to be the first to cross into the fort after their flag had been planted at the top of the wall. After several bayonet charges, the Union attackers finally carried the works by sheer force of numbers and, after desperate hand-to-hand combat, forced the surviving defenders to surrender.

955:'s cavalry division from the Richmond lines to fill in the Petersburg lines when the II Corps moved out of them to support Sheridan. Confederate Lieutenant General James Longstreet's corps defending the Richmond lines failed to detect the movement of Ord's men, which held Lee back from moving some of Longstreet's forces to defend against the movement of Grant's forces. Ord's men began their march on March 27–28 and arrived near Hatcher's Run to take the positions occupied by the II Corps on the morning of March 29. Brigadier General 823:'s division must recapture a crucial elevated portion of their old picket line called McIlwaine's Hill. Also on that date, Lee wrote to Davis that he feared it would be impossible to prevent Sherman joining forces with Grant and that he did not think it prudent to maintain the Confederate army's current positions as Sherman came near to them. After the Fort Stedman defeat, Lee realized that he could not detach only a portion of his army to send to Johnston in North Carolina and still maintain the Richmond and Petersburg defenses. 1082: 3108:

expected because an expected pontoon bridge had not arrived. After marching south, Ewell's men crossed the river on a Richmond and Danville Railroad bridge over which they had placed planks. They camped on April 4 about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the bridge. Gordon's corps was at Scott's Shop, 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Amelia Court House, waiting for Ewell's column to catch up. Mahone's men marched to Goode's Bridge but did not go into Amelia Court House until he was told that the force from Richmond had arrived.

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while Sheridan said that he declined further command of Miles's division in order to "avoid wrangles." Miles never commented under whose authority he proceeded to Sutherland's Station, but he did so without Humphreys's other divisions or other support from Sheridan or the V Corps. Humphreys and Sheridan left Miles with about 8,000 troops in four brigades, to the task of fighting the Confederates gathered at Sutherland's Station. Humphreys went back to join his two other divisions on the road to Petersburg.

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yards (37 meters) of the Union line when rifle firing started and the surprised Union pickets were scattered. Then, three Union regiments arrived to reinforce their new picket line but also were driven back by artillery fire from the Confederate line. In the brief but spirited skirmish, the Confederates retook McIlwaine's Hill with few casualties, but this was of minor consequence since Grant's plans for the March 29 offensive did not include an attack along the VI Corps picket line.

526:(also known as the siege of Petersburg) ended, Lee's army was outnumbered and exhausted from a winter of trench warfare over an approximately 40 mi (64 km) front, numerous battles, disease, hunger and desertion. Grant's well-equipped and well-fed army was growing in strength. On March 29, 1865, the Union Army began an offensive that stretched and broke the Confederate defenses southwest of Petersburg and cut their supply lines to Petersburg and the Confederate capital of 3398:

up with the Confederates at Farmville. Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry was able to hold off the Union infantry until nightfall, but Lee was forced to continue his march to the west under this pressure, depriving his men the opportunity to eat the Farmville rations they had waited so long to receive. Their next stop would be Appomattox Station, 25 mi (40 km) west, where a ration train was waiting. However, this train would be mostly destroyed by Union troops before their arrival.

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would be better off attacking the Confederates than remaining under fire and being picked off. Griffin approved the proposal and Chamberlain's brigade, along with the brigade commanded by Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) Edgar M. Gregory, charged Hunton's brigade and drove them back to the White Oak Road Line. Then Chamberlain's and Gregory's men crossed White Oak Road. The remainder of the Confederate force then had to withdraw to prevent being outflanked and overwhelmed.

2439:'s Third Division was on the left rear. The Union attackers assembled in the dark only about 200 yards (180 m) from the Confederate picket line and 600 yards (550 m) from the Confederate main line and had to lie on their arms on the cold ground for nearly four hours. Some Confederate defenders were alerted by the activity and began to fire randomly into the Union assembly area. The Union force took some casualties, including Brigadier General Lewis Grant of the 1957:

and the absence of the other cavalry divisions to wait until morning to move his tired men against Sheridan at Five Forks. Pickett did send William R. Terry's and Montgomery Corse's brigades to an advanced position south of Five Forks to guard against surprise attack. Some of Devin's men skirmished with the advanced infantry brigades before the Confederates were able to settle into their positions. By 9:45 p.m., Pickett's force was deployed along the White Oak Road.

1511: 2970: 2721:, led the attack of Potter's division on Battery No. 28 and under artillery fire from the secondary Confederate line, moved along the main line toward Fort Mahone. Hartranft's division had similar success taking Battery No. 27. Harriman's three regiments from Willcox's division took five guns and 68 prisoners at Battery No. 25. The Union attackers captured Miller's salient but then had to fight Confederate defenders from traverse to traverse along the trenches. 2883: 3534: 13999: 13086: 1600: 902: 2934:

Sutherland's Station was estimated by a staff officer at about 4,000 men. Cooke's men threw up a slender line of earthworks about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) long along Cox Road parallel to the railroad with an open field about 700 yards (640 m) with a slight slope in front. Heth had placed Cooke's men on favorable ground between Sutherland Tavern and Ocran Methodist Church with a refused left flank and sharpshooters deployed in front as skirmishers.

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toward the Appomattox River, moving mostly in disorder toward Amelia Court House. The South Side Railroad, the final Confederate supply line to Petersburg, had been permanently severed by the Union Army. Most of Miles's men were too exhausted to pursue the Confederate fugitives. Besides, Miles understood that Sheridan had ordered his men to drive the enemy toward Petersburg, so he turned his division in that direction and allowed them to rest.

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out that Miles's final attack had been successful. Miles and Hays camped near Sutherland's Station to protect their roadblock of the railroad. Humphreys later wrote that the whole Confederate force probably would have been captured if the II Corps had been able to continue to Sutherland's Station that morning. Other than the 600 taken prisoners, Confederate casualties at Sutherland's Station are unknown. Miles had 366 casualties.

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Because no reinforcements were available, Johnson pulled his tired men back to the line of fortifications south of White Oak Road that Ayres's men had set up the night before. Miles saw through his field glasses that the Confederate rifle pits west of Boydton Plank Road were unoccupied but because the 5th New Hampshire Regiment's attack was in the wrong place on the line, the Confederates were able to reoccupy the empty trenches.

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Confederate force's withdrawal. Then, Lee could shorten his line and send part of his army to help Johnston in North Carolina. In the alternative, Lee could move his entire army to help take on Sherman first and, if successful, turn the combined Confederate force back against Grant. On March 22, 1865, Gordon told Lee he had determined that the best place to attack would be at Fort Stedman, east of Petersburg and south of the

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the forces in retreat from attack from the pursuing Union forces to their south. Nearby, Union cavalry were working to clear a sabotaged ford on Deep Creek Road in an effort to catch up with Lee's army. The ford proved too deep for the cavalry to cross when they finished dragging away obstructions and the Union horsemen had to take a long alternate route back to the road. George Custer's cavalry division rode west toward

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their garrisons. At about 7:30 a.m., Mott captured the Confederate picket line at Burgess's Mill and at 8:30 a.m. Mott sharply attacked the Confederate trenches on their right flank, which then were rapidly evacuated. By 8:30 a.m., Humphreys's divisions held the Confederate works from Burgess's Mill to Claiborne Road. The retreating defenders withdrew to the northwest to Sutherland's Station.

14066: 3490: 1004: 41: 3091:'s infantry division to pass nearby Namozine Church. Although they initially took the wrong fork in the road at Namozine Church, Johnson's forces were able to turn around, hold off the Union cavalry and head up the correct road toward Amelia Court House. Custer later chased the fleeing Confederates but near dark he ran into substantial infantry opposition from Johnson's division at Sweathouse Creek. 2589: 3095:

95 Federal cavalrymen killed and wounded in the engagements at Namozine Creek, Namozine Church and Sweathouse Creek. Total Confederate losses are not known, but Custer's men were able to capture many Confederates. The Union cavalrymen took 350 prisoners, 100 horses and an artillery piece while initially clearing the road as far as the Namozine Church. Johnson reported 15 wounded from his division.

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strengthen the defenses on his far right. He also organized a Confederate mobile force to protect the key junction of Five Forks in order to keep open the Southside Railroad and important roads and to drive the Union force back from its advanced position. A steady, heavy rain started on the afternoon of March 29 and continued through March 30, slowing movements and limiting actions on March 30.

2058:'s division was "in the air" and that there was a wide gap between the Union infantry and Sheridan's nearest cavalry units near Dinwiddie Court House. Lee ordered Major General Bushrod Johnson to have his remaining brigades under Brigadier General Henry A. Wise and Colonel Martin L. Stansel in lieu of ill Brigadier General Young Marshall Moody, reinforced by the brigades of Brigadier Generals 3042: 2025:

to strengthen his hold on a part of the Boydton Plank Road and the V Corps entrenched a line to cover that road from its intersection with Dabney Mill Road south to Gravelly Run. In the afternoon, Warren saw Griffin's men take over Confederate outposts but he also saw that any movement further up the Boydton Plank Road by his men would be covered by Confederate artillery and fortifications.

2676:, opposed them. The battery was operating from a position next to Lee's command post at the Turnbull House, also known as Edge Hill, located west of Rohoic Creek in front of the Dimmock Line. Getty's division had moved near the Turnbull House with limited protection from Poague's artillery. Getty determined to attack the 13 guns that were turned against his division from that location. 605:

offensives at Petersburg during the remaining months of 1864, another in February 1865, and two more at the end of March and beginning of April 1865. During the fall of 1864 and the winter of 1864–1865, Grant slowly extended the Union Army line south of Petersburg westward. Lee extended the Confederate line to match the Union moves, but the defenders were stretched increasingly thin.

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Eppa Hunton's brigade, which had been sent to Five Forks on April 1 too late to reinforce Pickett, and any available men from the scattered force of George Pickett and Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry. General Meade, who came out to meet Humphreys about 9:00 a.m., did not approve of this action and ordered Humphreys to move his corps toward Petersburg and connect with General Wright.

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Boydton Plank Road in two places, were close to the end of the Confederate line and had a large force in a strong position to attack the crucial road junction at Five Forks in Dinwiddie County to which Lee was just sending defenders. The two remaining Confederate railroad connections with Petersburg and Richmond would be within the Union Army's grasp if they took Five Forks.

2941:'s brigade to attack Cooke's and Hyman's (Galloway's) positions. Madill's men were exhausted from a night and morning of marching and Madill himself was severely wounded as the Confederates repulsed the assault. Then, Miles ordered an attack on MacRae's and McGowan's positions again with Colonel Madill's brigade, now under the command of Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) 2265:. Custer set up another defensive line about 0.75 miles (1.21 km) north of Dinwiddie Court House. Custer's brigades, joined by Smith's and Gibbs's brigades, held off the attack by Pickett and Fitzhugh Lee until darkness ended the battle. Both armies stayed in position and close to each other after dark. The Confederates intended to resume the attack in the morning. 2747: 2492:'s headquarters flag. Colonel William S. Truex led the rest of Seymour's division against two North Carolina regiments and a six-gun artillery battery on the far left of the VI Corps assault. The Confederates held their fire when their own pickets began to flee toward the main line in front of the advancing Union soldiers, who overwhelmed the main Confederate line. 3607:. Lee did the best he could under the circumstances, but his supplies, soldiers, and luck finally ran out. The surrender of Lee represented the loss of only one of the Confederate field armies, but it was a psychological blow from which the South did not recover. With no chance remaining for eventual victory, all of the remaining armies capitulated by June 1865. 2918:

Confederates in retreat might come upon his men. No Confederate force appeared and about 7:30 a.m., Miles headed back east on White Oak Road and sent a message about his movement to Humphreys. Miles found the Confederates gone from the fortifications at the end of their former main line and headed north on Claiborne Road in pursuit as Humphreys had ordered.

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Lee also rode from the Turnbull House to the protection of the Dimmock Line as VI Corps infantrymen approached close enough to see him leave. After dealing with more artillery fire from across the Appomattox River, General Grant ordered the exhausted VI Corps troops to halt and rest, which they did after completing some fortifications near the Turnbull House.

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by General Lee, all of the Confederate commands except those of Richard Anderson and Fitzhugh Lee would have to cross the Appomattox River, which turns sharply to the north not far west of the Confederate camps on the night of April 3. Along the Union Army routes, hundreds of exhausted and demoralized Confederates surrendered to the passing Union troops.

2005:'s division's left to trenches near the junction of the White Oak Road and the Boydton Plank Road. Another of Wilcox's brigades temporarily commanded by Colonel Joseph H. Hyman was moved to the rifle pits south of Burgess Mill. MacRae's brigade moved to the southwest side of Hatcher's Run, having already just moved to Burgess Mill. Brigadier General 2109:

possession of a part of White Oak Road to the west of the Confederate right flank, which was between the end of the Confederate line and Pickett's force at Five Forks. Ayres's division stopped just short of White Oak Road, facing west toward Five Forks. This cut the direct communication route between Anderson's (Johnson's) and Pickett's forces.

538:, often called the Breakthrough at Petersburg, on April 2, 1865, opened Petersburg and Richmond to imminent capture. Lee ordered the evacuation of Confederate forces from both Petersburg and Richmond on the night of April 2–3 before Grant's army could cut off any escape. Confederate government leaders also fled west from Richmond that night. 553:. Grant's Union Army pursued Lee's fleeing Confederates relentlessly. During the next week, the Union troops fought a series of battles with Confederate units, cut off or destroyed Confederate supplies and blocked their paths to the south and ultimately to the west. On April 6, 1865, the Confederate Army suffered a significant defeat at the 2069:'s division moving toward the Confederate line in an effort to close the lines as much as possible, Johnson allowed Hunton's and Stansel's brigades to advance to meet the Union formations. The Confederates were able to approach the Union force while screened by woods north of White Oak Road and while out of sight, open fire at close range. 2481:

repeating rifles. Without having to engage in hand-to-hand combat, Hamblin's brigade overcame the defenders, many of whom already were retreating from flank fire from adjacent Union soldiers. Wright left Hamblin's brigade to guard the captured line at its north end as he reorganized most of the remaining men of the corps to move south.

557:, Virginia, where they lost about 7,700 men killed or captured and an unknown number wounded. Nonetheless, Lee continued to move the remainder of his battered army to the west. Soon cornered, short of food and supplies and outnumbered, Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to Grant on April 9, 1865, at the McLean House near the 967:

Grant ordered Humphrey's II Corps to march at 9:00 a.m. to positions from the Quaker Road-Vaughan Road intersection to Hatcher's Run. Warren was to move along the Boydton Plank Road to cut that key Confederate communication line. Both corps were ordered to keep the Confederates in their trenches while the Union advance proceeded.

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lines. Grant also directed that Wright, Parke and Ord begin an artillery barrage on the Confederate lines. Those division commanders and Ord reported to Grant that their men could not see well enough to attack at night, deferring the general assault until about 40 minutes after its originally planned start time of 4:00 a.m.

2227:. Coming up as Lee's attack faltered, Pickett reorganized his forces. At about 2:00 p.m., Lee attacked again without success but Pickett's force crossed the northern ford, Danse's Ford. The attack was helped in part by the unnecessary move ordered by General Crook of most of the blocking force of Brigadier General 3178:, or Paine's Cross Roads, about 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Amelia Springs. About 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Paineville, Davies found and attacked a wagon train that had left Richmond with provisions for Lee's army, including food, ammunition and headquarters baggage, which was guarded by Brigadier General 2693:; also known as "Fort Damnation"), covered by batteries in six redoubts and manned by the forces of Major General John B. Gordon. The Confederates had built a strong secondary line about 0.25 miles (0.40 km) behind their main line. Union Fort Sedgwick was about 500 yards (460 m) from Fort Mahone. 963:

and again was told, at his discretion, that he could return to the Petersburg lines or join Sherman in North Carolina. Sheridan was told to move first to the rear of the V Corps and around their left flank to Dinwiddie Court House in an effort to outflank the Confederates and cut the Boydton Plank Road.

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At the first Battle of High Bridge on April 6, 1865, Confederates stopped a large Union raiding party from burning High Bridge before Confederates south of the Appomattox River could pass over it to the north side. The Confederates took at least 800 Union survivors as prisoners. Union Colonel (Brevet

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Starting to move his army toward Jetersville at 1:00 p.m. with Longstreet's corps in the lead, Lee discovered that his route to Danville was blocked by fast-moving Union cavalry. He did not think that he could bring up his army fast enough to fight their way through before large numbers of Union

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On the line of march west toward the Confederate Army's rendezvous point of Amelia Court House on Bevill's Bridge Road, Lieutenant General Anderson had the remaining men of George Pickett's and Bushrod Johnson's divisions build earthworks and form a line of battle at Tabernacle Church Road to protect

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because Heth had been called to Petersburg to take charge of A.P. Hill's corps due to Hill's death. Cooke, who had four brigades totaling about 1,200 men from Heth's division, had been ordered by Heth to protect the supply trains already parked at Sutherland's Station. The entire Confederate force at

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Humphreys also ordered Mott and Hays as well as Miles to pursue Heth's men toward Sutherland's Station where he expected to attack a Confederate force consisting of Major General Henry Heth's retreating men, Lieutenant General Richard H. Anderson's command consisting of Bushrod Johnson's division and

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to assault the Confederate redoubts opposite the II Corps' line, including the Crow House redoubt beside Hatcher's Run and Brigadier General (Brevet Major General) Gershom Mott to attack the line in front of his division. The II Corps faced the division of Major General Henry Heth in the line running

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At 6:00 a.m. on April 2, in view of the report of the VI Corps' successful advance, Humphreys ordered Hays to assault the redoubts opposite the II Corps' line, including the Crow House redoubt beside Hatcher's Run. The attack captured the Confederate redoubts, their artillery and the majority of

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Major General Andrew A. Humphreys's II Corps faced the division of Major General Henry Heth in the line running from Hatcher's Run to White Oak Road. After the Union victory at the Battle of Five Forks on April 1, in response to Grant's 9:00 p.m. order for an immediate assault on the Confederate

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Major General Gibbon reported that 55 Confederates were killed at Fort Gregg and about 300 captured, many of them wounded, along with two guns and several flags. Gibbon's XXIV Corps's loss for the day, mostly at the two forts, was 122 killed, 592 wounded, for a total of 714. The entire attack on Fort

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Eventually, Union soldiers found the uncompleted short trench in back of the fort which allowed them an easier opportunity to climb onto the fort's parapet. The mass of men in the ditch had to move or be killed so they started to scale the walls or rushed around the moat to find the unfinished trench

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Major General John Gibbon's XXIV Corps of the Army of the James was unable to extend the breakthrough by assaulting the main Confederate line southeast across the Boydton Plank Road, to the left of the VI Corps, because the ground was too broken and marshy to cross so Major General Edward C. Ord sent

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estimated Union casualties in the VI Corps breakthrough at about 1,100 killed and wounded, "all of which occurred in the space of about fifteen minutes." Confederate casualties are unknown but the majority of them were taken prisoner rather than killed or wounded. General Grant estimated the VI Corps

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Regiment of the Vermont Brigade of Getty's division, who moved to the left of the main body through the ravine, down the Confederate picket path and over the plank bridge with three other men. Gould suffered three severe bayonet and sword wounds, including two to his head, but he survived his wounds.

2423:

As ordered by General Grant, at 10:00 p.m., Union artillery opened fire with 150 guns on the Confederate lines opposite the Union Army's Petersburg lines until 2:00 a.m. After careful planning, VI Corps commander Major General Horatio G. Wright had chosen to attack the Confederate line from

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As soon as Grant learned of the victory, at about 8:00 p.m., he ordered Meade to have Humphreys and Parke ready to push ahead to keep Confederates from escaping from Petersburg and converging on Sheridan. Grant told the officers at his headquarters that he had ordered a general assault along the

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Due to more apparent than real lack of speed, enthusiasm and leadership, as well as some past grudges and a personality conflict, after Warren had just personally led a final heroic charge to end the battle, Sheridan unfairly relieved Warren of command of V Corps when the successful battle concluded.

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After pushing the three brigades to J. Boisseau's farm, the Confederates turned south to attack Gibbs's and Gregg's brigades, later joined by Colonel Smith's brigade. Smith's brigade finally had to withdraw from Fitzgerald's Ford when Confederate pressure was threatening to overrun them and Pickett's

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William R. Terry, Montgomery Dent Corse, George H. Steuart, Matt Whitaker Ransom and William Henry Wallace) and took overall command of the operation as ordered by General Robert E. Lee. General Lee was concerned that detected Union Army movements were aimed at Five Forks and the South Side Railroad.

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Warren's men pursued across White Oak Road west of Claiborne Road but after a personal reconnaissance where Warren and a large party of scouts came under fire, Warren concluded that an immediate attack on the Confederate fortifications would gain nothing. Warren's corps ended the battle having gained

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Skirmishers from the Union V Corps kept the Confederates in their White Oak Road Line between the Boydton Plank Road and Claiborne Road on March 30. Despite incomplete information and somewhat vague and conflicting orders from Meade and Grant, on Grant's order, Warren pushed the Union V Corps forward

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cavalry brigade for scouting duties. Lee also prepared for Major General George Pickett to move his men to join the cavalry and take command. Five Forks was along the shortest route to the South Side Railroad. Lee ordered the movement of the infantry the next morning when he learned that Union forces

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Meade issued orders to the Army of the Potomac in line with Grant's communication to him which would keep all but the mobile II corps and V corps in their lines despite Grant's assurance to Sheridan that he would support Sheridan with the whole army if a battle resulted from his movements. Meade also

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Sheridan went to Hancock Station on the morning of March 27, 1865, to organize his forces for the planned operation. Although delayed by a train derailment, Sheridan met with Grant and Sherman at City Point late on March 27 and on the morning of March 28 when he again opposed joining Sherman's forces

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captured Confederate picket lines near Armstrong's Mill and extended the left end of the Union line about 0.25 miles (0.40 km) closer to the Confederate fortifications. This put the VI Corps which was holding this section of the line within easy striking distance, about 0.5 miles (0.80 km),

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made no report but historian A. Wilson Greene says they must have suffered as many casualties as Lewis Grant's brigade. Greene, 2008, pp. 148–149. Only one Confederate regiment reported four wounded while a member of another regiment reported one killed and three wounded in his regiment. Others made

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Lee had expected to find rations for the army at Amelia Court House but found only an inadequate stockpile of rations and a trainload of ordnance. Lee waited for the rest of the army to catch up and sent foraging parties into the county which yielded few provisions despite Lee's personal appeal in a

3103:

Most of the Confederate Army had marched about 21 miles (34 km) west on April 3. Most of the Union Army continued to pursue the Confederates on a parallel route to the south of the Confederate line of march. In order to meet at the rendezvous point of Amelia Court House that had been designated

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As the assault on Fort Gregg concluded, Turner's Third Brigade under Brigadier General Thomas M. Harris attacked Fort Whitworth, where Confederate Brigadier General Nathaniel Harris was in command. Fort Whitworth fell soon after Fort Gregg was taken as it was then being evacuated, with only about 70

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The XXIV Corps had followed the VI Corps' advance and by 9:00 a.m., Wright met Ord and Gibbon in the Confederate works. They decided that since the Confederate defense had collapsed in this area, they would turn their combined force toward the city. By about 10:00 a.m., Ord and Wright were

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brigade had the longest distance to cross before reaching the Confederate line, held at that point by Brigadier General Edward L. Thomas's Georgia brigade. The attack was covered by sharpshooters led by Captain James T. Stuart from the 49th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, who were armed with Spencer

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While Colonel Munford's division kept Devin's men away from Five Forks, Pickett moved off to the west of Chamberlain's Bed with his infantry and Rooney Lee's and Rosser's cavalry under Fitzhugh Lee to capture the fords and attack Sheridan from the left or rear and disperse his force. Not waiting for

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From Johnson's new position in rifle pits south of White Oak Road, which had been constructed by Ayres's men, the Confederates hit Chamberlain's men with a heavy fire as they emerged from the nearby woods. Warren ordered Chamberlain to hold his position but Chamberlain suggested to Griffin that they

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During the night of March 30, Grant advised Meade not to have the VI Corps and IX Corps make a general attack along the line on March 31 as earlier planned, but to stand ready to take advantage of any sign that the Confederates had weakened their line. Grant also noted that he wanted to shift forces

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and Stony Creek Station and did not arrive at Sutherland Station until March 30. At Sutherland Station earlier that day, General Lee verbally told Major General Fitzhugh Lee to take command of the cavalry and to attack Sheridan at Dinwiddie Court House. When Rosser and Rooney Lee's divisions arrived

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on March 4, 1865, Lee approved Gordon's proposal to attempt to capture or break a portion of the Union lines. The expected result of a successful attack would be to threaten or damage Grant's base and supply lines, compel Grant to shorten his line from the western end and to delay his pursuit of any

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In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 8th inst., I propose to receive the surrender of the Army of N. Va. on the following terms, to wit: Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in duplicate. One copy to be given to an officer designated by me, the other to be retained by

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seized a supply train and 25 guns, effectively blocking Lee's path because Appomattox Station is to the west of Appomattox Court House. This unusual action pitted artillery without infantry support against cavalry. Custer captured and burned three trains loaded with provisions for Lee's army. Grant

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On April 7, 1865, at the second Battle of High Bridge, after the bulk of Lee's remaining army crossed the Appomattox River, Longstreet's rear guard tried to burn the bridges behind them. The Union II Corps managed to extinguish the blazes on two of the bridges, and they crossed the river and caught

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At Sailor's Creek, between one-fifth and one-fourth of the remaining retreating Confederate army was taken prisoner or became casualties (about 8,000 men, with about 7,700 men taken prisoner, including most of Richard S. Ewell's corps and about half of Richard H. Anderson's corps). Many Confederate

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After dark, Wells's brigade continued to attack Fitzhugh Lee's force along Deep Creek. Brigadier General Barringer and many of his men were captured by Sheridan's scouts who were wearing gray uniforms and led Barringer and his remaining men into a trap. Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) Wells lost

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At 2:30 p.m., Major General Meade had learned of Miles's difficulties subduing Cooke's force and ordered Major General Humphreys to take one of his divisions back to Sutherland's Station to support Miles. By the time Humphreys arrived back at Sutherland's Station with Hays's division, he found

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Humphreys rode over the White Oak Road and Claiborne Road to recall Miles. Humphreys came upon Sheridan who wanted to keep Miles's division to help attack any remaining Confederate forces in the area but Humphreys told him of Meade's order. Humphreys later said he left Miles for Sheridan to command

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Then Humphreys's corps received conflicting information and a variety of orders. Humphreys planned to attack fugitives from Major Generals Henry Heth's and Bushrod Johnson's divisions but ultimately only Nelson Miles's division with about 8,000 troops in four brigades fought the Confederates at the

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Getty's first attack was turned back but Colonel Hyde's men successfully outflanked the batteries, leading to the withdrawal of the gunners and the 9 guns that had not been immobilized. Field's division occupied the Dimmock Line as the Confederate artillerists fled the Turnbull House, while General

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Regiment on a flanking maneuver where he could the main Confederate line into a ditch for some protection. The Union soldiers quickly climbed up the exterior slope to the top of the earthworks before the Confederates could reload and fire, causing the Confederates to retreat. After, Colonel William

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brigade which had also moved in support of Smith but had remained behind the combat at Fitzgerald's Ford move cross country angling a little northeast to Adams Road to stop the Confederate advance. When Gregg's brigade reached Adam's Road, they joined with Gibb's brigade in defense of the junction.

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and Colonel Peter Stagg's brigades of Devin's division. Munford drove the two Union brigades who were trying to move to Five Forks back to J. Boisseau's farm while Pickett drove Brigadier General Davies's brigade off the main roads and back to that farm. The three brigades became separated from the

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Meanwhile, Humphrey's II Corps closed the gap between the V Corps and the XXIV Corps. The latter corps captured a large part of the Confederate picket line in their front. Humphrey's II Corp also moved as close to the Confederate line as possible without starting a general engagement and entrenched

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As the rain continued on March 30, Grant sent a note to Sheridan in which he said that cavalry operations seemed to be impossible and perhaps he should leave enough men to hold his position and return to Humphreys' Station for forage. He even suggested going by way of Stony Creek Station to destroy

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under Colonel Charles L. Leiper delayed Pickett's force from reaching Five Forks until 4:30 p.m. When Pickett reached Five Forks where Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry were waiting, he conferred with Lee about whether to proceed toward Dinwiddie Court House then. Pickett decided because of the late hour

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on the deteriorated Southside Railroad to Sutherland Station. The trains shuttling the troops to Sutherland Station were so slow that it was late night before the last of Pickett's men reached Sutherland Station, 10 miles (16 km) west of Petersburg. From Sutherland Station, Pickett moved south

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Encouraged by the Confederate failure to press their attack at Lewis's Farm and their withdrawal to the White Oak Road Line, Grant expanded Sheridan's mission to a major offensive rather than just a railroad raid and a forced extension of the Confederate line. He wrote in his letter to Sheridan: "I

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Grant ordered Warren's V Corps to outflank Lee's line and to support Sheridan's cavalry. Warren's corps moved out at 3:00 a.m. over the Vaughan Road toward Dinwiddie Court House. Warren's orders were subsequently modified to make a movement over the Quaker Road toward the Confederate defenses.

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On the night of March 28, 1865, Grant modified his order, telling Sheridan to lead his troopers around the Confederate right flank and to fight the Confederates, with infantry support, if the Confederates came out of their trenches. Otherwise, Sheridan was to wreck the railroads as much as possible

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to Richmond, and for two infantry corps to protect Sheridan's move and to turn the Confederates out of the western end of their line. Grant's top priority was to force an engagement in order to defeat the Confederate army with the railroad raid as a secondary objective. Grant also intended that his

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Grant's strategy was to destroy or cut off sources of supply and sever supply lines to Petersburg and Richmond, which also would result in extending to the breaking point the defensive lines of the outnumbered and declining Confederate force. In pursuit of these objectives, Grant launched five more

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The terms were as generous as Lee could hope for; his men would not be imprisoned or prosecuted for treason. Officers were allowed to keep their sidearms. In addition to his terms, Grant also allowed the defeated men to take home their horses and mules to carry out the spring planting and provided

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Crook's cavalry division had casualties of 13 killed, 81 wounded and 72 missing and probably taken prisoner in three encounters during the day. Fitzhugh Lee said he counted 30 dead Union soldiers along the way. Davies captured 320 Confederate soldiers and 310 African-Americans whom he described as

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A.P. Hill and Robert E. Lee both learned of the breakthrough soon after it occurred. At about 5:30 a.m. Hill rode to meet with Lee, then set out to organize the defense along the Boydton Plank Road Line. After the initial breakthrough, stragglers from Wright's corps continued straight forward

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At Five Forks at the beginning of the Union attack about 1:00 p.m. on April 1, Sheridan's cavalry hit the front and right flank of the Confederate line with small arms fire from mostly dismounted cavalry troopers of Brigadier General Thomas Devin's and Brigadier General (Brevet Major General)

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Griffin's V Corps brigade and Wainwright's artillery stabilized the Union line by 1:00 p.m. Warren and Griffin then approached Brigadier General Joshua Chamberlain, wounded only two days earlier at the Battle of Lewis's Farm, with the question: "General Chamberlain, will you save the honor of

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All three Confederate brigades, including McGowan's, attacked both Ayres's division and all of Crawford's division which quickly joined the fight as it erupted. Warren himself had come forward, grabbed a regimental flag and tried unsuccessfully to rally the retreating Union men but had to withdraw

2020:

The rain severely hampered the Union Army's mobile force's operations and ability to keep supplies moving. A large number of Warren's V Corps soldiers had to help the teamsters move horses and wagons and even to corduroy roads. Gravelly Run was swollen to three times its usual size and bridges and

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as part of the Army of the Potomac. He also assured Sheridan that his force would participate in closing the war in the movements at Petersburg and that Grant gave him discretionary authority to go to North Carolina in his March 24 orders only in the event he needed it. In the afternoon, Grant and

3269:'s VI Corps battled Lieutenant General Richard S. Ewell's corps at the Hillsman House. Union cavalry led by Brigadier General (Brevet Major General) Wesley Merritt fought Lieutenant General Richard Anderson's corps at Marshall's Crossroads. After a running battle over several miles, Major General 2346:

The decisive Battle of Five Forks was fought on April 1, 1865, southwest of Petersburg, Virginia, around the road junction of Five Forks in Dinwiddie County, Virginia. Five Forks was a critical crossroads that led to the remaining Confederate supply lines. Mobile task forces of combined infantry,

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Before dawn on March 27, 1865, about 400 sharpshooters from four of Wilcox's brigades prepared to attack the new Union picket line on McIlwaine's Hill to recapture the line and prevent artillery from threatening important sections of the Confederate defenses. The Confederates approached within 40

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of the 6th Maryland Infantry Regiment was the first man from the brigade over the works. Seymour claimed that Keifer's men were the first into the Confederate line, although he later only said that Buffington was the first man over the works from his division. Buffington was awarded the Medal of

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At dawn on April 9, 1865, the Confederate Second Corps under Major General John B. Gordon attacked units of Major General Philip Sheridan's cavalry. Ahead of Gordon's corps was Major General Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry, which quickly forced back the first line under Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General)

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Upon returning to the scene near the end of the battle with Major General William Mahone's division, and from a bluff across Sailor's Creek seeing the disorganization on the field and survivors streaming along the road, Lee exclaimed "My God, has the army dissolved?" General Mahone replied, "No,

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A week later, Lee said the delay at Amelia Court House assured the Confederate defeat and surrender. Some modern historians have emphasized the failure to have an expected pontoon bridge at the Genito Road crossing was the key factor in keeping Lee's trailing divisions from reaching Amelia Court

3123:

Brigadier General (Brevet Major General) Wesley Merritt with Thomas Devin's cavalry division crossed Deep Creek at Brown's Bridge and headed straight past Tabernacle Church to Beaver Pond Creek where late in the day, a Michigan regiment from the division sent Anderson's skirmishers back to their

3107:

By the evening of April 3, most of Longstreet's troops had crossed to the west side of the Appomattox River over Goode's Bridge while Gordon's men were east of the bridge. Amelia Court House was 8.5 miles (13.7 km) to the west. Ewell's force could not cross the river at the Genito Bridge as

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from stocks evacuated from Richmond. They would then proceed to Danville, Virginia, the destination of the fleeing Confederate government, and then south to join with the Confederate force in North Carolina under the command of General Joseph Johnston. After dark, Lee began the evacuation of his

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The Union Army's IX Corps under Major General John G. Parke occupied the original trenches east of Petersburg that were captured in June 1864. Facing Parke was a strong Confederate position along the Jerusalem Plank Road dominated by Fort Mahone (strengthened from the former Battery 29 and named

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Led by the brigade of Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) Thomas O. Osborn and two regiments of the brigade of Colonel George B. Dandy of Brigadier General Robert S. Foster's division, the Union force charged Fort Gregg which was surrounded by a ditch partially filled with water. After crossing a

2560:

After the breakthrough, Wright and his officers brought some order to seven brigades and turned this large part of his corps to the left to deal with the troops of Major General Henry Heth's division still holding the Confederate line to the southwest with about 1,600 men. The VI Corps attackers

2385:

Confederate infantry brigades moved north through the woods and fields to ford Hatcher's Run and move over the W. Dabney road to a position near the South Side Railroad. Lee sent Lieutenant General Richard H. Anderson with his infantry to help Pickett reorganize and hold the South Side Railroad.

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bake lunch about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of the main Confederate line along White Oak Road because they thought Sheridan was unlikely to be organized for an attack that late in the day and that General Lee would send reinforcements if Union Army infantry moved against them. The intervening

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Because of the approach of V Corp infantry on the night of March 31, Pickett retreated about 6 miles (9.7 km) to a modestly fortified line about 1.75 miles (2.82 km) in length approximately half on either side of the junction of White Oak Road, Scott Road and Dinwiddie Court House Road

1981:

Following the Battle of Lewis's Farm, in the heavy rain on the night of March 29, Lee sent McGowan's brigade to bolster Anderson's defense of the end of the Confederate line. MacRae's brigade also was moved to the west of Burgess Mill. Wilcox's three other brigades had to spread out to cover the

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Confederate casualties in the campaign are difficult to estimate because many of their records are lost and reports were not always submitted. National Park Service historian Chris M. Calkins estimates 6,266 killed and wounded, 19,132 captured; surrendering at Appomattox Court House were 22,349

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On the night of April 7, Lee received from Grant, then headquartered at Farmville, a letter proposing that the Army of Northern Virginia should surrender. Lee demurred, retaining one last hope that his army could get to Appomattox Station before he was trapped. He returned a noncommittal letter

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When General Robert E. Lee discovered that his route to Danville was blocked at Jetersville, he knew his army had to make another night march to Farmville. Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and Major General Philip Sheridan were convinced that Lee's army would not remain at Amelia Court House

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When McGowan's men finally gave way, Cooke's brigades collapsed from east to west although Cooke's own brigade was farthest from the end of the line and withdrew in better order than the other survivors who managed to escape. The Confederates who did not become casualties or prisoners retreated

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brigade. The two brigades again were repulsed with Colonel McDougall being wounded. After an interval to regroup, Miles's division finally overcame the Confederate right flank defenders with an attack at 4:00 p.m. by a strong skirmish line, MacDougall's and Nugent's brigades and Lieutenant

2819:'s divisions to attack at once. They could not do more than drive in the Confederate pickets as Confederate artillery opened up on them. Then, as Grant had ordered, Miles's division was sent to Sheridan just before midnight but Mott's and Hays's divisions continued probing the Confederate line. 2634:

along with artillerymen and a few troops from Lane's brigade, for a total of about 350 men, held Fort Gregg. Nathaniel Harris personally commanded the 19th Mississippi Infantry Regiment and the 48th Mississippi Infantry Regiment and a few artillerymen, totaling about 200 men, in Fort Whitworth.

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After the battle on the night of April 1, Fitzhugh Lee informed Robert E. Lee of the defeat and rout at Five Forks from Church's Crossing near the Ford Church's Road junction with the South Side Railroad where the remaining forces of Rooney Lee and Thomas Rosser joined him. The survivors of the

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Because of bad information and lack of reconnaissance, two of the Union divisions in the infantry attack did not hit the Confederate left flank, but their movement by chance helped them to roll up the Confederate line by coming at it from the end and rear. The first division in the attack under

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brigades forward and they initially surprised and after a sharp fight drove back Wise's brigade on the left of the Confederate line, taking about 100 prisoners. Humphreys also ordered three diversionary demonstrations along the adjacent line to prevent the Confederates from reinforcing Johnson.

1985:

With the gap between the end of the Confederate defensive line southwest of Petersburg and Pickett's force at Five Forks in mind, on March 30, Lee made additional deployments to strengthen the Confederate right flank. Lee would have moved men from Longstreet's force north of the James River but

1948:

On March 30, General Lee met with several officers including Anderson, Pickett and Heth at Sutherland Station. From there, Lee ordered Pickett to move 4 miles (6.4 km) west along White Oak Road to Five Forks. Lee instructed Pickett to join with Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry and attack Sheridan at

1868:

After the battle, Griffin's division moved up to occupy the junction of the Quaker Road and Boydton Plank Road near the end of the White Oak Road Line. Late in the afternoon, Sheridan's cavalry occupied Dinwiddie Court House on the Boydton Plank Road without opposition. Union forces had cut the

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division forward from a point near Fort Sedgwick (also known as "Fort Hell") to take Grimes's picket line. They captured 249 officers and men, about half of Colonel Edwin L. Hobson's brigade in the process. Parke was concerned about trying to assault these works and asked that the offensive be

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Regiment reached the ditch first but could not work their way around to the rear entrance due to the depth of the water. With the attack stalled, Brigadier General Foster sent two of Colonel Harrison S. Fairchild's regiments forward and Brigadier General John W. Turner's Independent Division's

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rolled past Confederate Brigadier General William McComb's brigade and captured Confederate Fort Davis, lost it to McComb's counterattack about 20 minutes later and then recaptured it a short time later. By 7:45 a.m., Heth and the remaining men of his division, with only Brigadier General

2495:

After about 30 minutes of heavy fighting, the Confederate lines had been broken and Humphrey's VI Corps had made a decisive breakthrough. As the VI Corps surged forward, some soldiers ultimately crossed the Boydton Plank Road and reached the South Side Railroad about 1 mile (1.6 km) away.

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The 1st Vermont Brigade led the assault at 4:40 a.m. after the firing of a signal gun from Fort Fisher. The Confederate line in front of the attackers was defended by Brigadier General James H. Lane's North Carolina brigade, with sharpshooters from Brigadier General Samuel McGowan's South

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prevented them from hearing the opening stage of the battle nearby. Pickett and Lee had not told any of the next ranking officers of their absence and that those subordinates were temporarily in charge. By the time Pickett got to the battlefield, his lines were collapsing beyond his ability to

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With rations and supplies destroyed, Lee's last hope was to outmarch the Union pursuers to Lynchburg where there were more rations and supplies. Some food was still available in the remaining wagons and it was distributed to the units as they arrived in the vicinity of Appomattox Court House,

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The Union force lost 1,500 men in these assaults. Confederate casualties are unknown, although General Humphreys reported that Parke claimed 800 prisoners, 12 guns and some flags were captured along with the Confederate works. A Confederate staff officer told Major General Gordon later in the

1886:

From the late afternoon on March 29 through March 30, 1865, the Union's mobile strike force continued to move into positions to turn the Confederate right flank and block the Confederates' open supply, and retreat, routes. Lee perceived the threat from the Union moves and thinned his lines to

888:

Lee learned that Sheridan's cavalry had moved south of the James River and suspected that Sheridan would attack the South Side Railroad beyond his right (western) flank. He knew he would have to strengthen that end of the line while maintaining the rest of his lines and preparing to leave the

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Ord's troops began advancing against Gordon's corps while the Union II Corps began moving against Lieutenant General James Longstreet's corps to the northeast. The 11th Maine Infantry Regiment was cut off from the rest of Brigadier General Robert S. Foster's division and suffered significant

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and Stony Creek Station to interrupt the Confederate's Boydton Plank Road supply route and capture large numbers of wagons with supplies reported to be en route. The raid on the supply route and supplies accomplished little as only 18 wagons were found on the road A significant result of the

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Under orders from General Grant, Brigadier General Nelson A. Miles's division had been sent to reinforce Major General Philip Sheridan's command on the Five Forks battlefield at midnight on April 1 in the event an additional Confederate force were sent to attack Sheridan or a large force of

1911:

Although Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry division passed through Petersburg and reached Sutherland Station about the time Sheridan reached Dinwiddie Court House, Thomas Rosser's and "Rooney" Lee's divisions had to detour around Sheridan's force in their moves from positions at Spencer's Mill on the

2268:

The Confederates did not report their casualties and losses. Historian A. Wilson Greene has written that the best estimate of Confederate casualties in the Dinwiddie Court House engagement is 360 cavalry, 400 infantry, 760 total killed and wounded. Union officers' reports showed that some

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occupied Richmond and began to put out fires and restore order. Union troops also occupied Petersburg. Lieutenant General Grant and President Lincoln met at a private home. Confederate President Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet reached Danville, Virginia, by the middle of the day.

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field works. Coming up toward the works, Devin's entire division, mostly dismounted, skirmished with portions of Heth's, Johnson's and Pickett's infantry. About 10:00 p.m., Devin was ordered to pull back to Jetersville and he led his men to that point after burning a nearby mill.

771:

promptly counterattacked. They recaptured the fort and batteries, forced the Confederates to return to their lines and to give up their advance picket line and inflicted about 4,000 casualties, including about 1,000 captured, which the Confederates could ill afford. The United States

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to move toward Amelia Court House at 6:00 a.m. and Grant did not order him to do otherwise, only to move swiftly. Sheridan did not move with the infantry but sent his cavalry to follow a road parallel and to the south of Lee's line of march to try to intercept the Confederates.

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the Fifth Corps?" Despite the pain from his wounds suffered at Lewis's Farm, Chamberlain agreed to the assignment. At 2:30 p.m., Chamberlain's men forded the cold, swollen Gravelly Run, followed by the rest of Griffin's division and then the rest of Warren's reorganized units.

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General, here are troops ready to do their duty." Lee then said to Mahone, "Yes, there are still some true men left ... Will you please keep those people back?" Mahone's division remained on the opposite bank covering the escape of the fugitives but was not engaged in more combat.

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Penrose's New Jersey brigade initially was held back by more determined Confederate pickets and gathered in the moat in front of the Confederate earthworks and stormed over the barrier to subdue the North Carolina defenders in their front. Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General)

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When Parke did not receive a favorable reply to his request for cancellation of the assault, he prepared to send 18 regiments forward. Brigadier General Robert B. Potter's division was to the west of the Jerusalem Plank Road. Brigadier General (Brevet Major General)

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The forts were northwest of the Boydton Plank Road, about 1,000 yards (910 m) in front of the Dimmock Line. Hess, 2009, p. 273–275.Greene, 2008, p. 285 locates the forts about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the Dimmock Line on the north side of the Boydton Plank

673:

In early March, 1865, Lee decided that his army must break out of the Richmond and Petersburg lines, obtain food and supplies at Danville, Virginia, or Lynchburg, Virginia, and join General Joseph E. Johnston's force opposing Major General Sherman's Union army.

2210:

The rain continued on March 31. Under Sheridan's direction, Brigadier General (Brevet Major General) Wesley Merritt sent two of Devin's brigades toward Five Forks and held one brigade in reserve at J. Boisseau's farm. Brigades or detachments from Major General

2167:. Sheridan planned to occupy Five Forks the next day. That night, under orders from General Robert E. Lee, Confederate Major General Fitzhugh Lee led his cavalry division from Sutherland Station to Five Forks to defend against an anticipated Union drive to the 2355:

George Armstrong Custer's divisions. They attacked from mostly positions sheltered by woods just outside the Confederate breastworks. This fire pinned down the Confederates while the massed V Corps of infantry organized to attack the Confederate left flank.

3435:

At about 2 p.m. on April 7, the advance of the Union II Corps encountered Confederate forces entrenched on high ground near Cumberland Church. The Union forces attacked twice but were repulsed, and darkness halted the conflict. Union Brigadier General

2256:

By the time Pickett pushed back Gibbs's, Gregg's and Smith's brigades from the junction of Adams Road and Brooks Road, Sheridan had called up two of the brigades of Brigadier General (Brevet Major General) George Armstrong Custer's division under Colonels

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afternoon that the army would likely evacuate Petersburg that night, ending any possibility of a further counterattack on Parke's position. In accordance with Lee's evacuation timetable, Gordon began to remove his men from the trenches at 9:00 p.m.

1960:

On March 30, Union cavalry patrols from Brigadier General Thomas Devin's division approached the Confederate line along White Oak Road at Five Forks and skirmished with Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry division. As they approached Five Forks, a patrol of the

3567:

Lee with a supply of food rations for his starving army; Lee said it would have a very happy effect among the men and do much toward reconciling the country. The terms of the surrender were recorded in a document hand written by Grant's adjutant

3083:, spurred his horse over a hastily thrown up barricade of the still deploying Confederate cavalry and captured 3 Confederate officers and 11 enlisted men, as well as the battle flag of the 2nd North Carolina Cavalry, for which he received the 788:

of the Confederate line. After the Confederate defeats at Fort Stedman and Jones's Farm, Lee knew that Grant would soon move against the only remaining Confederate supply lines to Petersburg, the Southside Railroad and the Boydton Plank Road.

995:

were headed toward Dinwiddie Court House. With his trenches ending at the Claiborne Road-White Oak intersection, Lee had to send Pickett 4 miles (6.4 km) past the end of the Confederate line of defenses in order to defend Five Forks.

628:

offensive was the extension of the Union line 4 miles (6.4 km) to the west from Fort Sampson to the Vaughan Road crossing of Hatcher's Run and captured two key road crossings of Hatcher's Run near Armstrong's Mill. The action of the

9834: 799:. Sheridan's force of about 10,000 troopers was minus a brigade detached to guard prisoners and nearly 3,000 men who were detached because of a lack of replacement horses for those which died or became disabled or unserviceable in the 2488:'s brigade, dispersed MacRae's North Carolina brigade. Keifer's regiments quickly drove off the 28th North Carolina Infantry Regiment, captured 10 pieces of artillery, a large number of prisoners, three battle flags and Major General 2771: 4003:

Hess, 2009, p. 276 puts the Confederate casualties at 56 dead and 250 taken prisoner at Fort Gregg with 70 more taken prisoner at Fort Whitworth. Calkins, 2002, p. 50 gives the number of killed as 57, with 129 wounded and 30 taken

1640:

was composed of about 56,000 men and was organized into four infantry corps and a cavalry corps. Also under Lee's command in this campaign was the Department of Richmond, and the Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia.

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Warren's V Corps, followed by Humphrey's II Corps, and further to the south, Sheridan's cavalry corps, moved south and west early on March 29, 1865. Their mission was to occupy Dinwiddie Court House, cut the Boydton Plank Road,

2997:

President Lincoln visited Richmond escorted by Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter, 3 officers and 10 sailors. Jubilant African-Americans surrounded him on his walk. Lincoln conferred with Major General Weitzel, talked with former

2234:

Union units fought a series of delaying actions throughout the day. After the Confederate infantry and cavalry had crossed Danse's ford and later the cavalry had crossed Fitzgerald's Ford, Munford's division drove back Colonel

1994:, Longstreet thought that he still confronted Ord's entire Army of the James almost three days after Ord had gone with the XXIV Corps, a division of the XXV Corps and Mackenzie's cavalry to the Union lines south of Petersburg. 2269:

Confederates also were taken prisoner. Sheridan suffered 40 killed, 254 wounded, 60 missing, total 354. Pickett lost Brigadier General William R. Terry to a disabling injury. Terry was replaced as brigade commander by Colonel

3810:

states that the Confederate line was extended 3 miles (4.8 km) to 37 miles (60 km), "exclusive of recurrent jogs and doublings", and that his strength was reduced to 46,398 men "present for duty." Foote, 1974, p.

2253:

advancing infantry threatened to cut them off from other Union units. Davies, Fitzhugh and Stagg brought their men back to Dinwiddie Court House about dark by a circuitous route cross country and by the Boydton Plank Road.

3670:(Esposito, 1959), the siege of Petersburg ends with the Union assault and breakthrough of April 2. The remainder of the war in Virginia is classified as "Grant's Pursuit of Lee to Appomattox Court House (3–9 April 1865)". 640:

After the Battle of Hatcher's Run, Lee knew his army lacked the number of men needed to continue extension of his line and he realized Grant would continue to press them to do just that. On February 22, 1865, Lee advised

2171:

in order to cut use of that important final Confederate railroad supply line to Petersburg. Fitzhugh Lee arrived at Five Forks with his division early on the morning of March 30 and headed toward Dinwiddie Court House.

1848:

to turn back the Union advance. Chamberlain was wounded and almost captured during the ensuing back-and-forth battle. Chamberlain's brigade, reinforced by a four-gun artillery battery and regiments from the brigades of

2219:

the infantry to begin their attack, Lee's troopers attacked Fitzgerald's Ford, the southern ford, and got some troops across. They were driven back by dismounted Union troopers of Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General)

2621:

Brigadier General Lane and Major General Wilcox then stationed the Mississippi Brigade and some of Lane's and Thomas's men in Fort Gregg and Fort Whitworth along the Boydton Plank Road Line. Two hundred men of the

2358:

With Sheridan fretting about the amount of remaining daylight and his cavalry possibly running out of ammunition, the Union infantry forces attacked about 4:15 p.m. Pickett and Fitzhugh Lee were having a late

3132:

On the morning of April 4, Union Brigadier General Ranald Mackenzie's command crossed Deep Creek and reached the Five Forks of Amelia County, only about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Amelia Court House, where his

2728:

Georgia Brigade held their ground east of the Jerusalem Plank Road, but Potter's soldiers widened the Union foothold west of Jerusalem Plank Road by attacking Fort Mahone. Union Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General)

762:

After Gordon's surprise attack on Fort Stedman in the pre-dawn hours of March 25, 1865, captured the fort, three adjacent batteries and over 500 men while killing and wounding about 500 more, Union forces of the

10045: 3339:(now Rice, Virginia) on the South Side Railroad. As Longstreet's corps was the first to reach Rice's Station after Lee moved his army west from Amelia Springs, Virginia, they awaited the remainder of the army. 2850:

After the VI Corps' morning breakthrough, Lee advised the Confederate government to abandon the cities of Petersburg and Richmond. His plan at this point was to move his forces from the two cities to cross the

2753:

Fascine Trench Breastworks, Petersburg, Va. – NARA – 524792. Although identified as Confederate Trenches this is actually Union Fort Sedgwick aka "Fort Hell" which was opposite Fort Mahone aka "Fort Damnation"

2908:

during the early afternoon at about the same time as the Battle for Fort Gregg during the Third Battle of Petersburg. At 6:00 a.m. on April 2, Major General Andrew A. Humphreys ordered Brigadier General

4147:. p. 63 gives Lee's strength at the beginning of the Appomattox Campaign as 55,000–58,000 effectives, which would include the defenders of Richmond and Pickett's task force of 10,600 men sent to Five Forks. 3075:

at Willicomack Creek and Namozine Church. Unlike most of the Confederate forces that started their movements to the west north of the Appomattox River, these units were moving on roads south of that river.

2240:

rest of the Union force by a cross country move by Pickett to block the road to the south. As the three brigades were being pressed back to J. Boisseau's farm, Devin's third brigade under Brigadier General

1898:

entered Dinwiddie Court House. Sheridan posted guards at the roads entering the town for protection from Confederate patrols. Sheridan's Third Division commanded by Brigadier General (Brevet Major General)

10126: 9782: 1903:

was 7 miles (11 km) behind Sheridan's main force protecting the bogged down wagon trains. The First and Third Divisions were still under the direct command of Brigadier General (Brevet Major General)

3867:

Grant again privately assured Sheridan that he did not intend for Sheridan to go North Carolina but only to give him discretion in the event the planned offensive was unsuccessful. Bearss, 2014, p. 316.

2614:

Mississippi Brigade which had moved 400 yards (370 m) in front of the forts retreated toward Forts Gregg and Whitworth when Gibbon's XXIV Corps advanced. Union Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General)

3063:

Confederate forces headed for a rendezvous point at Amelia Court House with Union forces pursuing, mostly on parallel routes. On April 3, 1865, advance units under Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General)

4115: 4099: 4072:. The references by Kennedy and Salmon also use this classification. The Calkins reference uses it for the Appomattox campaign. Other references typically do not explicitly establish precise dates. 3220:

teamsters. He also captured 400 animals and 11 flags while destroying about 200 wagons. Confederate casualties were unreported but two Confederate captains are known to have been mortally wounded.

2759: 2179:'s division to seize Five Forks, key junction for reaching the South Side Railroad. Devin's force unexpectedly found and skirmished with units of Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry division. A patrol of the 3820:

Lee met with Confederate President Jefferson Davis on March 4, 1865, to urge him to negotiate peace with the Union government. Davis declined, noting the failure of a recent peace effort at the

3781:

Historian Earl J. Hess considers the Union Army offensive at the end of March and beginning of April 1865, which brought success with the crushing of the extended Confederate right flank at the

2569:

moving 15,000 men in a line facing northeast, with Ord on the right and Wright on the left as they advanced on the city with the idea of attempting to break the western defenses of Petersburg.

2159:

About 5:00 p.m. on March 29, 1865, Major General Philip Sheridan led two of his three divisions of Union cavalry, totalling about 9,000 men counting the trailing division, unopposed into

3543: 3213: 2220: 3193:

Davies began to return to Jetersville after burning many of Confederate wagons including headquarters wagons, capturing horses, mules and some artillery pieces, and taking 630 prisoners, at

2112:

Union casualties (killed, wounded, missing – presumably mostly captured) were 1,407 from the Fifth Corps and 461 from the Second Corps and Confederate casualties have been estimated at 800.

1965:

under Major Robert M. Morris encountered Fitzhugh Lee's troopers and lost 3 officers and 20 men in the encounter. The Confederates also suffered some casualties, including Brigadier General

2215:'s division were sent to guard two fords of a swampy stream just to the west, Chamberlain's Bed, in order to protect the Union left flank from surprise attack and to guard the major roads. 885:

noted that the mobile infantry was to push the Confederates into their lines and prevent them from opposing Sheridan, which was at odds with Grant's priority to defeat the enemy in battle.

2427:

Forming for mass attack just behind the Union picket line, Wright's entire corps was placed in a wedge formation about 1 mile (1.6 km) wide. Brigadier General (Brevet Major General)

659:, in preparation for the army to move west. Lee wanted to move when local roads became passable as spring rains decreased and before Union reinforcements from Sheridan's cavalry from the 14138: 2036:

at the forward positions. Union casualties for the March 30 actions at the White Oak Road Line were 1 killed, 7 wounded and 15 missing; the number of Confederate casualties is unknown.

2447:

Carolina brigade manning the picket line. The Confederate picket line was overwhelmed quickly by the Union attackers. The first Union soldier over the Confederate defenses was Captain

14143: 4157: 4128: 2536:'s headquarters near the front line. Hill demanded their surrender, but the Union soldiers took aim, fired and killed him. Tucker escaped and rode back to Lee to report Hill's death. 3067:

of the Union cavalry division commanded by Brigadier General (Brevet Major General) George Armstrong Custer fought with rear guard Confederate cavalry commanded by Brigadier General

1799:

and to outflank the Confederates on their western (right) flank at the end of their White Oak Road line southwest of Petersburg. Under revised orders, Warren sent Brigadier General (

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On Lane's left was Brigadier General Edward L. Thomas's Georgia brigade and part of Brigadier General William MacRae's North Carolina brigade was on his right. Hess, 2009, p. 272.

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His only remaining option was to move west on a long march, without food, to Lynchburg. But the Confederate Commissary General promised Lee that he would send 80,000 rations to

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The Appomattox campaign was an example of masterful, relentless pursuit and maneuver by Grant and Sheridan, skills that had been in short supply by previous generals, such as

2084:, which had to carry their four guns forward through the mud, finally stopped the Confederate advance short of crossing Gravelly Run. Adjacent to the V Corps in the line, the 13490: 2717:'s division, was to the east on the right of Fort Sedgwick. Parke's attackers moved forward into a mist at about 4:00 a.m. Thomas P. Beals, with three companies of the 9768: 2793:, April 3, 1865. Although prints of this picture list it as being taken at Ft Mahone, historians at the "Petersburg Project" believe it was taken at Confederate Battery 25 718:

to support Sheridan, mainly by outflanking the Confederates to prevent them from interfering with Sheridan's mission. Grant also initially ordered Warren's corps to seize

13833: 13495: 3406:

Longstreet's Confederate forces held off the Union Army advance near Farmville, crossed the Appomattox River and continued their retreat on the north side of the river.

3982:

of the 100th New York Infantry was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in the attack by posting the national flag on the wall of Fort Gregg. Fox, III, John J.

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Sheridan's cavalry and the V Corps did little more than occupy the vacated works along White Oak Road after both the Confederates and the II Corps left the area.

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under fire. Four Confederate brigades, only three of which saw any real action against V Corps divisions, had thrown back two Union divisions of over 5,000 men.

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With the Union Army nearby after the disastrous Confederate defeat at Sailor's Creek, under General Lee's order, Longstreet withdrew during the night towards

12033: 2009:'s brigade of Pickett's division joined Anderson and Bushrod Johnson along the White Oak Road Line near the junction with the Claiborne Road. Major General 13269: 12794: 12683: 12668: 10512: 3234:

A skirmish took place at Flat Creek, near Amelia Springs, on April 6 as the armies began to engage in fighting leading up to the Battle of Sailor's Creek.

1917:

at Five Forks on the night of March 30, Fitzhugh Lee took overall command of the cavalry and put Colonel Thomas T. Munford in command of his own division.

889:

Richmond–Petersburg defenses. Lee only had about 6,000 cavalrymen about 18 miles (29 km) south of Petersburg at Stony Creek Station and Major General

2183:

under Major Robert M. Morris lost 3 officers and 20 men in the encounter with Fitzhugh Lee's troopers. Confederates casualties included Brigadier General

12460: 12380: 10908: 1807:'s First Division north on the Quaker Road toward the intersection with the Boydton Plank Road and the end of the White Oak Road Line. Brigadier General 2351:(Ford's Road to the north) at Five Forks. Because of its strategic importance, General Robert E. Lee ordered Pickett to hold Five Forks at all hazards. 1933:

on the Claiborne Road to White Oak Road and Burgess Mill near the end of the Confederate line where he picked up the two brigades of Brigadier Generals

14148: 10642: 3655:

Military historians do not agree on precise boundaries between the campaigns of this era. This article uses the classification maintained by the U.S.

98: 12488: 10235: 10105: 10030: 9876: 9799: 3959:

Gould and Color-Bearer Sergeant Jackson Sargent who planted the state colors on the parapet later received the Medal of Honor. Greene, 2008, pp. 220.

3724: 3714: 2868:, in charge of the city's defenses, was ordered to destroy anything of military value. Civilians rioted and great conflagrations engulfed the city. 2244:

moved quickly up from Dinwiddie Court House to hold the junction of Adams Road and Brooks Road. Sheridan ordered Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General)

10903: 9891: 4049:

Davis, Burke, 1981, p. 387; Calkins, 1997, p. 175, states Lee and Marshall left the McLean House "some time after 3:00 in the afternoon."; Eicher,

3923:

In 1883, the Warren Court of Inquiry decided that Sheridan had the authority to relieve Warren but should not have done so under the circumstances.

2431:'s Second Division was in the middle front and in advance of the other two brigades for the assault while Brigadier General (Brevet Major General) 3205:

assaulted the Union cavalry on their return, starting a running fight from north of Amelia Springs to within 1 mile (1.6 km) of Jetersville.

935:

On the night of March 25, Major General Edward Ord quietly moved units from the Union Army of the James, including two divisions of Major General

13247: 12678: 12653: 12455: 12363: 10913: 10647: 3484: 3383: 1493: 783:

In response to the Confederate attack on Fort Stedman, on the afternoon of March 25, at the Battle of Jones's Farm, Union forces of II Corps and

92: 4031:

Calkins, 1997, p. 88 gives the Union casualties as 30 killed and 150 wounded but gives the lower number in the text in his appendix on page 202.

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The defenders from Lane's and Thomas's brigades in the newly formed line and four regiments of 400 veterans of newly arrived Brigadier General

2163:, about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the end of the Confederate lines and about 6 miles (9.7 km) south of the important road junction at 2668:

When the VI Corps advanced to Gibbon's left at the start of the attack on Fort Gregg, only Confederate artillery fire from Lieutenant Colonel

2557:

brigade of Turner's division captured a section of the Confederate line southwest of Wright's breakthrough after the defenders had evacuated.

13326: 13032: 12390: 12143: 12138: 11564: 9979: 3265:

As it developed, the Battle of Sailor's Creek was actually three engagements fought in close proximity at about the same time. Major General

360: 2864:

troops from Petersburg and Richmond. The city of Richmond was evacuated that night, and the Confederate government fled. Lieutenant General

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Sheridan supported his argument by the false statement that his men had already reached White Oak Road at Five Forks. Bearss, 2014, p. 358.

2258: 2660:'s division of Longstreet's corps, two brigades from Gordon's corps and some of General Wilcox's men to occupy the Dimmock Line defenses. 2054:

On the morning of March 31, General Lee inspected his White Oak Road Line and learned that the Union left flank held by Brigadier General

13170: 12953: 12483: 11532: 11291: 4022:

Greene, 2008, p. 331 does point out that Colonel George W. Scott's brigade had not been committed to the battle and was relatively fresh.

811:

The Confederate attack on Fort Stedman did not deter Grant from continuing with his plan of March 24 for an offensive to begin March 29.

9424: 4743: 4065: 13219: 13132: 13047: 12910: 12895: 11326: 10942: 9626: 3911: 13798: 13725: 13620: 12900: 12663: 12633: 12271: 12200: 10898: 10893: 9927: 9791: 9361:

The Cavalry at Appomattox: A Tactical Study of Mounted Operations During the Civil War's Climactic Campaign, March 27 – April 9, 1865

4590:

The Cavalry at Appomattox: A Tactical Study of Mounted Operations During the Civil War's Climactic Campaign, March 27 – April 9, 1865

3824:. He also did not want to abandon Richmond. This meeting confirmed to Lee that the Confederate Army must fight. Wyrick, 2014, p. 245. 3116:, on the Richmond and Danville Railroad, 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Amelia Court House and 10 miles (16 km) northeast of 1028: 583: 32: 13966: 2532:

and an aide, Sergeant George W. Tucker, as they rode through woods parallel to the Boydton Plank Road trying to reach Major General

13823: 13713: 13698: 13445: 13435: 12814: 12749: 11451: 11426: 10662: 10637: 10587: 10567: 7637: 2737:'s Independent Brigade then attacked to stabilize the situation for the Union troops and to reoccupy the line east of Fort Mahone. 1725: 353: 2950:

Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) John Ramsey's brigade. The Union attackers captured 600 prisoners, two guns and a battle flag.

1865:, drove the Confederates back to the White Oak Road Line. The Union force suffered 381 casualties; the Confederates suffered 371. 726:, to quietly move units from the Army of the James to fill in the portion of the Petersburg line that the II Corps then occupied. 14113: 13865: 13640: 13242: 13151: 13017: 12992: 12708: 12405: 12301: 12153: 11486: 11366: 10577: 3699: 3134: 1711: 1667: 722:, where they also could capture a segment of the Boydton Plank Road, a task later given to Sheridan. Grant ordered Major General 11376: 2842:

The Union forces lost 3,936 men on April 2, 1865. Confederate casualties were at least 5,000, most of whom were taken prisoner.

13440: 13237: 12958: 12703: 11446: 11441: 11116: 9487: 4250: 2718: 2164: 1920:

Early in the day on March 29, Lee sent Major General George Pickett with three of his brigades commanded by Brigadier Generals

1689: 1645: 1565: 1522: 1063: 983: 11286: 13818: 13743: 12530: 11522: 11517: 11381: 11281: 10532: 9897: 9703: 9685: 9652: 9564: 9549: 9532: 9517: 9502: 9457: 9442: 9415: 9398: 9383: 9368: 9338: 9323: 9308: 9293: 9278: 9263: 9248: 9233: 9194: 9175: 9158: 9141: 9126: 9111: 9096: 9013: 8974: 8803: 8778: 8746: 8722: 8698: 8433: 8412: 8135: 8109: 8083: 8037: 6462: 5141: 5081: 4955: 4780: 4659: 4597: 4525: 4481: 4451: 4376: 4343: 4313: 4292: 4271: 4229: 4206: 4185: 4144: 3991: 3898: 1929: 10424: 2231:

brigade South toward the sound of gunfire presumably to help Smith's brigade, which in fact continued to hold the position.

2190:

That night Confederate Major General George Pickett reached Five Forks with about 6,000 infantrymen in five brigades (under

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The XXIV Corps commanded by Major General John Gibbon from Major General Edward O. C. Ord's Army of the James had occupied

1099: 592:, on June 15–18, 1864, two Union Army corps failed to seize Petersburg from a small force of Confederate defenders at the 14054: 13708: 13693: 13581: 13573: 13430: 12779: 12769: 12420: 12128: 11491: 11456: 11351: 10929: 9808: 2472: 642: 11406: 3772:

The Richmond–Petersburg campaign was not a "siege" as usually defined because the Confederate Army was never surrounded.

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another night, but Army of the Potomac commander Major General George Meade thought that they would. Meade ordered the

2631: 2627: 2623: 527: 513: 13756: 14072: 13803: 13786: 13349: 13042: 12925: 12915: 12643: 12239: 12133: 12010: 11507: 11471: 11391: 11331: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11256: 10687: 10679: 10557: 10501: 10132: 10120: 9670: 9611: 9592: 9472: 8310: 3834: 3182:'s cavalry brigade and another wagon train with excess artillery from Amelia Court House approaching from the south. 2877: 2828: 2065:

Soon after 10:00 a.m., having seen Ayres's division and a brigade from Brigadier General (Brevet Major General)

1949:

Dinwiddie Court House with the objective of driving Sheridan's force further away from the Confederate supply lines.

416: 2904:

The Battle of Sutherland's Station was fought about 19 miles (31 km) west of Petersburg along Cox Road and the

1982:

vacated defenses. McGowan's and MacRae's brigades did not give Johnson enough men to extend his line to Five Forks.

877:. The meeting was mainly social with Lincoln also asking Sherman to tell him about his march through the Carolinas. 710:

forces block a Confederate retreat to the west. Grant ordered the Army of the Potomac's V Corps under Major General

697:

On March 24, 1865, Grant issued orders for an offensive to begin on March 29, 1865. Grant planned for Major General

13733: 13662: 13210: 11436: 11401: 11341: 11296: 10459: 10303: 9921: 9073: 3694: 3480: 3174:

brigade of Major General George Crook's division to scout for Confederate movements beyond Amelia Court House near

1548: 830:, 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Richmond. Sheridan went ahead of his men to meet Grant at his headquarters at 456: 337: 7658: 2639:

field of deadly fire, many of the attackers ran into the ditch only to be mired in water and mud. Soldiers of the

1510: 1189: 1081: 13850: 13838: 13314: 13309: 13294: 13002: 12987: 12869: 12829: 12728: 12713: 12698: 12693: 12525: 12430: 11461: 11356: 11316: 11037: 10873: 2160: 2121: 401: 13586: 13229: 13154: 13125: 13027: 12346: 12110: 11466: 11431: 11336: 11042: 10572: 10351: 3663: 3440:

was mortally wounded nearby (the last Union general killed in the war), and Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General)

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while most of the VI Corps troops turned to the left. West of the Boydton Plank Road, two stragglers from the

2484:

On the left of the Sixth Corps' formation, Major General Truman Seymour's division, led by Lieutenant Colonel

545:, as an alternative capital. Lee planned to resupply his army at one of those cities and march southwest into 13936: 13400: 12385: 12306: 12123: 11589: 11047: 10855: 10403: 10398: 10362: 10250: 9984: 3945:

of Major General Truman Seymour's Division stated in a report six weeks after the breakthrough that Sergeant

2905: 2168: 1841: 1792: 1715: 1573: 1045: 702: 664: 186: 88: 3216:

provided reinforcements, allowing Davies's force to reach Jetersville with their prisoners, guns and teams.

2789:

Confederate artilleryman killed during the final Union assault against the trenches at Petersburg. Photo by

1825:

North on Quaker Road, across Rowanty Creek at the Lewis Farm, Chamberlain's men encountered the brigades of

14108: 12658: 12400: 12190: 12165: 11877: 10952: 10657: 10597: 10273: 10221: 10196: 10144: 10057: 9147: 4648: 4139:

Calkins, Chris. The Appomattox Campaign, March 29 – April 9, 1865. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, 1997.

3453: 3282: 3197:

or Paine's Cross Roads. Major General Fitzhugh Lee with the Confederate cavalry divisions of Major General

2856: 1752: 1453: 1373: 1245: 1153: 922: 911: 509: 451: 294: 4040:

General Humphreys titled a subsection in his book: The Battles of Sailor's Creek. Humphreys, 1883, p. 381.

648:

that he expected Grant to "draw out his left, with the intent of enveloping me." He told Breckinridge and

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on April 6, 1865. In the early morning of April 6, Lieutenant General James Longstreet's command reached

3332: 3326: 3243: 3144:

An advance party of Major General George Crook's division reached the important railroad intersection of

2528:

Regiment, Corporal John W. Mauk and Private Daniel Wolford, stumbled upon Confederate Lieutenant General

2525: 1890:

At about 5 p.m., on March 29, two of Sheridan's divisions, the First commanded by Brigadier General

593: 554: 446: 436: 431: 2203:

arrived at Five Forks late that night. Fitzhugh Lee took overall command of the cavalry and put Colonel

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Miles was convinced he could defeat Heth's force, which was now under the command of Brigadier General

2394: 2200: 2142: 1460: 1353: 987: 614: 558: 535: 411: 135: 4114:

Confederate forces organization during the campaign (Official Records, Series I, Volume XLVI, Part 1,

1582: 14118: 14030: 14002: 13808: 13751: 13510: 13450: 13370: 13118: 13099: 13012: 12968: 12774: 12556: 12358: 12331: 12311: 12212: 12018: 11923: 11221: 11136: 11052: 10702: 10627: 10371: 10063: 10006: 9989: 9974: 9819: 3682: 3036: 2443:

who suffered a severe head wound and had to relinquish command to Lieutenant Colonel Amasa S. Tracy.

1785: 1637: 982:'s cavalry divisions to defend the western end of the line, including the important road junction of 493: 421: 391: 307: 146: 1599: 13652: 13554: 12975: 12859: 12784: 12759: 12754: 12718: 12638: 12336: 12321: 11902: 11186: 11151: 11086: 11027: 11022: 10752: 10161: 10016: 9862: 9742: 3821: 3615: 3374: 3165: 2961:

Skirmishing also occurred on April 2 at Gravelly Ford on Hatcher's Run and at Scott's Cross Roads.

2284:

recognized from the sound of battle that Sheridan was being pushed back and sent Brigadier General

2059: 2049: 1953: 838:. Grant told Sheridan that Sheridan would continue to report directly to him, not to Major General 827: 826:

On the same date, Sheridan's cavalry crossed the James River on a pontoon bridge at Deep Bottom in

800: 660: 649: 426: 396: 4013:

Greene 2008, p 339 states that Hartranft lost 594 men, Harriman lost 184 and Potter (Griffin) 722.

3208:

Reaching as far as Amelia Springs, the other brigades of Crook's division under Brigadier General

1207: 1117: 13874: 13522: 13505: 13175: 12963: 12583: 12551: 12546: 12244: 12217: 11609: 11106: 11096: 10868: 10863: 10717: 9944: 9647:. U.S. Army War College Guides to Civil War Battles. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2014. 8618: 3459: 3391: 3064: 3003: 2946: 2504:

took about 3,000 prisoners, which historian A. Wilson Greene states is "probably not far wrong."

2477: 2377:

The Union Army held Five Forks and the road to the South Side Railroad at the end of the battle.

2224: 2191: 2131: 1900: 1850: 1826: 1401: 991: 940: 868: 483: 9527:, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. 9465:

The Union Cavalry in the Civil War: The War in the East from Gettysburg to Appomattox, 1863–1865

9333:, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. 8407:, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. 8303:

The Union Cavalry in the Civil War: The War in the East from Gettysburg to Appomattox, 1863–1865

8078:, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. 4098:

Union forces organization during the campaign (Official Records, Series I, Volume XLVI, Part 1,

2964: 2460:'s brigade overcame the defenders in their front, putting half of Lane's brigade out of action. 1368:, and Charles H. Smith (The other two divisions of the cavalry corps had been detached from the 881:

in North Carolina despite some effort by Sherman to persuade him to take that course of action.

13843: 13527: 13457: 12948: 12648: 12222: 11812: 11649: 11624: 11156: 11057: 10972: 10712: 10621: 10283: 10201: 9999: 9949: 3855: 3789:

or Breakthrough at Petersburg on April 2, 1865, as Grant's ninth offensive. Hess, 2009, p. 264.

3331:

The Battle of Rice's Station was a minor engagement in that was fought at the same time as the

3011: 2981: 2910: 2175:

On March 30, 1865, in driving rain, Sheridan sent Union cavalry patrols from Brigadier General

1991: 1616: 1423: 1276: 1135: 948: 777: 735: 3798:

Lee had to use two of his three reserve units to hold the extended line. Bearss, 2014, p. 239.

13898: 13657: 13425: 13375: 12864: 12764: 12578: 12227: 12180: 12090: 12058: 11765: 11755: 11201: 11191: 11176: 11126: 11081: 10737: 10722: 10615: 10278: 10216: 10176: 9954: 9857: 9421: 4740: 4062: 3685:

should be considered "the first battle of what should be viewed as the Five Forks Campaign."

3656: 3362: 3310: 3258: 3250: 3138: 3113: 3007: 2942: 2725: 2697: 2546: 2236: 2085: 2081: 1938: 1925: 1833: 1409: 1330: 1308: 1264: 784: 773: 764: 740: 629: 441: 9760: 9467:. Volume 2. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007. Originally published 1981. 8305:. Volume 2. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007. Originally published 1981. 2705:

cancelled since the element of surprise had been lost, but his request remained unanswered.

1531: 1171: 13948: 13930: 13924: 13906: 13774: 13766: 13761: 13380: 13190: 13022: 12874: 12847: 12316: 12095: 12078: 11735: 11231: 11216: 11211: 11181: 11166: 11146: 10764: 10668: 10552: 10288: 10191: 10171: 10091: 3785:

on April 1, 1865, as the eighth offensive. Hess, 2009, pp. 260–263. Hess characterizes the

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but his appointment was never confirmed), who was also mortally wounded in the encounter.

1941:

from Major General Bushrod Johnson's division, along with a six-gun battery under Colonel

689:

where the armies' lines were only about 200 yards apart. Lee approved the planned attack.

8: 13988: 13960: 13813: 13779: 13385: 13205: 13200: 13007: 12799: 12688: 12562: 12207: 12160: 11907: 11867: 11852: 11745: 11594: 11266: 11226: 11101: 11032: 10987: 10947: 10547: 10537: 10341: 9964: 8610: 5891:

The Virginia Campaign of 1864 and 1865: The Army of the Potomac and the Army of the James

3719: 3630: 3600: 3437: 3429: 3350: 3306: 3270: 3228: 3185: 3171: 2701: 2696:

On the night of April 1, 1865, at 11:00 p.m., Parke sent men from Brigadier General

2673: 2611: 2554: 2440: 2412: 2228: 2184: 2089: 2014: 1998: 1986:

largely due to demonstrations and deceptions by the remaining divisions of Major General

1966: 1480: 1442: 1369: 1361: 1268: 1257: 1229: 1108: 952: 792: 719: 715: 678: 624: 575: 542: 523: 501: 274: 212: 2512: 2456:

Soon thereafter Colonel Thomas W. Hyde's brigade and Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General)

791:

Meanwhile, on the night of March 25, Major General Philip Sheridan's cavalry arrived at

290: 280: 270: 235: 226: 217: 208: 199: 13882: 13630: 13478: 13395: 13274: 13185: 12853: 12723: 12249: 12234: 12115: 12073: 12045: 11882: 11847: 11694: 11654: 11171: 11141: 11131: 11007: 11002: 10982: 10977: 10957: 10707: 10610: 10527: 10475: 10011: 9994: 9959: 9903: 9618: 9404: 8026: 3946: 3610: 3604: 3583: 2999: 2831:, while Mott's and Hays's divisions were engaged in futile marches and countermarches. 2777:

Union Army 9th Corps attacking Fort Mahone aka "Fort Damanation" sketch by Alfred Ward.

2714: 2640: 2600: 2468: 2467:'s brigade, captured a sector of the line next to Warner's brigade. Lieutenant Colonel 2285: 2270: 2066: 1908:

as an unofficial cavalry corps commander of the still existing Army of the Shenandoah.

1819: 1808: 1417: 1388: 1338: 1302: 1249: 1090: 925: 698: 667: 550: 475: 76: 11827: 9733: 2618:

recaptured the temporarily lost section of line and two cannons without loss of life.

13635: 13195: 13095: 12351: 11953: 11887: 11822: 11725: 11644: 11604: 11206: 11012: 10967: 10582: 10429: 10419: 10336: 9699: 9681: 9666: 9648: 9607: 9588: 9560: 9545: 9528: 9513: 9498: 9483: 9468: 9453: 9438: 9411: 9394: 9379: 9364: 9349: 9334: 9319: 9304: 9289: 9274: 9259: 9244: 9229: 9205: 9190: 9171: 9154: 9137: 9122: 9107: 9092: 9009: 8970: 8799: 8774: 8742: 8718: 8694: 8429: 8408: 8306: 8131: 8105: 8079: 8033: 6458: 5900: 5137: 5077: 4951: 4930: 4776: 4655: 4593: 4521: 4477: 4447: 4372: 4339: 4309: 4288: 4267: 4246: 4225: 4202: 4181: 4140: 3987: 3894: 3840:

reported 33 wounded and 26 captured at McIlwaine's Hill while the brigade of Colonel

3639: 3298: 3286: 3202: 2930: 2898: 2710: 2669: 2656:

Gregg took about two hours but bought some valuable time which allowed Major General

2562: 2204: 2153: 2017:

brigade which had to fill in part of the line formerly occupied by Scales's Brigade.

1858: 1800: 1737: 1661: 1653: 1380: 1346: 1237: 1144: 819:

On March 26, 1865, Lee held a council of war at which Lee decided that Major General

745: 681: 589: 579: 505: 284: 9241:

The Final Battles of the Petersburg Campaign: Breaking the Backbone of the Rebellion

4518:

The Final Battles of the Petersburg Campaign: Breaking the Backbone of the Rebellion

2765:

Confederate defenses at Petersburg, Virginia, 1865 showing the site of "Fort Mahone"

2713:'s division, covered by three regiments of Brigadier General (Brevet Major General) 2040:

to the west so that Warren would have his whole force available to reinforce Ayres.

16:

Series of battles in the American Civil War ending with Confederate surrender (1865)

13912: 13855: 13625: 13559: 13532: 13517: 13180: 13141: 11963: 11832: 11802: 11797: 11730: 11669: 11664: 11619: 11121: 11111: 11017: 10997: 10992: 10742: 10732: 10692: 10346: 9755: 9678:

To the Bitter End: Appomattox, Bennett Place, and the Surrenders of the Confederacy

9579: 8128:

Lee's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of Northern Virginia.

3942: 3619: 3505: 3441: 3278: 3209: 3198: 3006:

and sat at Jefferson Davis's desk at his former home, the Confederate White House.

2865: 2852: 2657: 2615: 2485: 2448: 2245: 2196: 2002: 1921: 1894:

and, the Second, detached from the Army of the Potomac, commanded by Major General

1854: 1748: 1741: 1683: 1657: 1649: 1607: 1518: 1472: 1342: 1241: 1072: 1011: 979: 956: 831: 820: 686: 652: 516: 203: 45: 9376:

Lee's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of Northern Virginia

2302: 254: 14042: 13792: 13674: 13645: 13405: 13037: 12326: 12175: 12068: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11928: 11897: 11807: 11750: 11740: 11699: 10727: 10697: 10517: 9598: 9538: 9525:

Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History

9428: 9331:

Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History

9182: 9164: 8791: 8767: 8405:

Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History

8098: 8076:

Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History

5889: 4747: 4218: 4069: 3845:

no report, which does not mean they suffered no casualties. Greene, 2008, p. 149.

3743: 3623: 3592: 3464: 3367: 3088: 3072: 3046: 2985: 2938: 2887: 2790: 2500: 2457: 2428: 2365: 2307: 2093: 2077: 2055: 2029: 1987: 1845: 1804: 1719: 1679: 1468: 1446: 1431: 1427: 1320: 1298: 1294: 1272: 1198: 1054: 944: 906: 847: 839: 239: 221: 9410:. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. 8032:. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. 990:. Fitzhugh Lee started that day, leaving Longstreet with only Brigadier General 13981: 13339: 12105: 12053: 11892: 11857: 11817: 11709: 11689: 11684: 11639: 10918: 10759: 10747: 9102:

Beringer, Richard E., Herman Hattaway, Archer Jones, and William N. Still, Jr.

4283:

Beringer, Richard E., Herman Hattaway, Archer Jones, and William N. Still, Jr.

3841: 3837: 3679:

The Petersburg Campaign: The Western Front Battles, September 1864 – April 1865

3336: 3294: 3290: 3266: 3084: 3017: 2730: 2690: 2550: 2464: 2436: 2417: 2318: 2262: 2080:'s division and the V Corps artillery under Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) 1942: 1913: 1905: 1862: 1733: 1697: 1671: 1539: 1464: 1435: 1413: 1396: 1392: 1324: 1312: 1216: 890: 546: 336:~25,000; Army of Northern Virginia disbanded following Gen. Lee's surrender at 303: 245: 9422:

National Park Service Civil War Battle Summaries by Campaign (Eastern Theater)

4741:

National Park Service Civil War Battle Summaries by Campaign (Eastern Theater)

3463:

sent a letter to Lee offering generous surrender terms, as urged by President

1228:

Grant's Union forces totaled approximately 114,000 men. They consisted of the

14102: 13954: 13544: 12373: 11973: 11968: 11958: 11933: 11842: 11837: 11679: 11674: 11659: 11629: 11599: 10937: 10562: 10326: 9510:

In the Hands of Providence: Joshua L. Chamberlain and the American Civil War.

5074:

In the Hands of Providence: Joshua L. Chamberlain and the American Civil War.

4053:, 2001, p. 819, states "the surrender interview lasted until about 3:45 p.m." 3746:

states that Lee was defending over 37 mi (60 km) of line after the

3635: 3572: 3568: 3527: 3494: 3387: 3080: 3057: 2965:

Union occupation of Richmond and Petersburg; Davis reaches Danville (April 3)

2582: 2432: 1829: 1814: 1759: 1705: 1624: 1365: 1334: 1316: 1162: 1015: 893:

division of about 5,000 effective infantrymen available to extend his lines.

768: 756: 549:

where he could unite his army with the Confederate army commanded by General

489: 486: 249: 173: 113: 100: 49: 9286:

In the Trenches at Petersburg: Field Fortifications & Confederate Defeat

4199:

In the Trenches at Petersburg: Field Fortifications & Confederate Defeat

3984:

The Confederate Alamo: Bloodbath at Petersburg's Fort Gregg on April 2, 1865

3471:

Walker's artillery first, then Gordon's infantry, and the rest of the army.

3273:'s II Corps engaged Major General John B. Gordon's corps at Lockett's Farm. 959:'s cavalry division from the Army of the James joined Sheridan on March 28. 867:

Grant and Sherman began a two-day meeting with President Lincoln aboard the

13942: 12842: 12819: 12809: 12804: 12341: 12283: 12195: 12170: 12083: 12063: 11862: 11760: 9658: 9215: 4463: 3901:. p. 417. gives the casualties as Union 1,781 and Confederate as 900–1,235. 3807: 3511: 3087:. Barringer's Confederate cavalry had bought enough time for Major General 2816: 2604: 2340: 2241: 2212: 2176: 2010: 1895: 1891: 1729: 1675: 1590: 1476: 1357: 1280: 1233: 971: 751: 670:'s armies already operating in North Carolina, could arrive at Petersburg. 3910:

Bearss, 2014, p. 404 states the Union loss was about 450 according to the

2553:'s division of the XXIV Corps to follow Wright's corps. Brigadier General 13918: 13483: 11614: 10652: 10632: 9353: 9329:

Kinzer, Charles E. "Amelia Court House/Jetersville (3–5 April 1865)." In

8403:

Kinzer, Charles E. "Amelia Court House/Jetersville (3–5 April 1865)." In

5904: 4934: 3302: 3179: 2969: 2798: 2593: 2006: 1405: 1180: 936: 796: 9601: 9582: 9209: 4170:

The Confederate Attack and Union Defense of Fort Stedman: March 25, 1865

3533: 2882: 13549: 12997: 11872: 11634: 10835: 10830: 9722:

Official website of the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park

2808: 2533: 2529: 2489: 2335: 1701: 975: 901: 723: 497: 230: 14089: 9680:. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2015. 3424: 3277:

officers were captured, including eight generals – Lieutenant General

2403:

Grant's assault on the Petersburg line and the start of Lee's retreat.

1771: 345: 13500: 12261: 10444: 9080: 7661:

on location of Many of the Roche photographs at Petersburg April 1865

4364: 4173: 3674: 2565:

brigade mostly intact, were withdrawing toward Sutherland's Station.

2517: 1758:

Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia, under Brig. Gen.

1693: 1556: 9721: 9696:

Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War

3522: 2803: 1952:

Skirmishing with and reacting to feints from Union patrols from the

1014:, USA, at Cold Harbor, photographed by Edgar Guy Fawx in 1864; Gen. 663:, recent new recruits for Grant's force, and possibly even men from 13252: 13110: 12266: 3914:. Longacre, 2003, p. 75 says Sheridan took "nearly 500" casualties. 3386:

was killed, possibly in a pistol shootout with Confederate Colonel

3098: 2577: 2360: 479: 3231:, 23 mi (37 km) to the west on the South Side Railroad. 3041: 2399: 3458:

The cavalry division of Brigadier General (Brevet Major General)

2313: 619:

On February 5, 1865, Grant sent a large force of cavalry and the

9544:. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2000. 9151:

An Honorable Defeat: The Last Days of the Confederate Government

4652:

An Honorable Defeat: The Last Days of the Confederate Government

4224:. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2000. 2148: 1775:

Actions at Petersburg before and during the Battle of Five Forks

701:'s cavalry to cut the remaining open Confederate railroads, the 13064:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

10123:(May–Oct): Lynchburg, Early's B&O raid, Sheridan's campaign 3489: 3052: 780:

to have been the concluding battle of the siege of Petersburg.

9542:

A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861–1865

9495:

The Last Citadel: Petersburg, Virginia, June 1864 – April 1865

8907: 8905: 4306:

The Last Citadel: Petersburg, Virginia, June 1864 – April 1865

4222:

A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861–1865

2588: 2463:

Wheaton's division, led by Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General)

2435:'s First Division was on the right rear and Brigadier General 1003: 40: 14048: 9790: 9631:. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. 853: 10786: 7735: 7733: 3557:

Grant offered the same terms he had offered the day before:

2937:

Miles first ordered only Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General)

8902: 6455:

Out of the Storm: The End of the Civil War, April–June 1865

5271: 5269: 3170:

On the morning of April 5, Sheridan sent Brigadier General

2324: 14139:

Campaigns of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War

5101: 5099: 2893: 2137: 2126: 14144:

Military operations of the American Civil War in Virginia

9698:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. 9393:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. 9288:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009. 8717:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. 8554: 8552: 7730: 4775:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. 4201:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009. 3705:

Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps

3159: 2549:

division and most of two brigades from Brigadier General

1445:, including the brigades of Col. Robert P. West and Col. 970:

Anticipating the Union moves, Lee ordered Major Generals

9606:. 2 vols. New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1888. 8155: 8153: 6341: 6339: 5266: 3854:

This should not be confused with Hancock Station on the

635: 9512:

Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.

9497:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991. 8102:

The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War.

5243: 5241: 5096: 5076:

Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.

5023: 5021: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4308:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991. 2388: 1881: 9482:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 9271:

How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War

9168:

The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War

9089:

The Western Front Battles, September 1864 – April 1865

8771:

The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War

8549: 4264:

How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War

4245:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 3673:

Bryce A. Suderow, in his introduction to Chapter 5 of

3410:

asking about the surrender terms Grant might propose.

2799:

Humphreys's attack on White Oak Road; lost opportunity

2572: 14014: 9587:. 2 vols. Charles L. Webster & Company, 1885–86. 8150: 6457:. Boston, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1994. 6336: 5222: 5220: 5238: 5018: 4795: 4540: 2992: 2724:

Colonel Edwin A. Nash's troops of Brigadier General

2700:

brigade of Brigadier General (Brevet Major General)

8436:. First published New York: Rinehart, 1959. p. 190. 8122: 8120: 8118: 3750:. Lee had the interior line. Weigley, 2000, p. 432. 3474: 3002:Justice and Confederate Assistant Secretary of War 2115: 9523:Urwin, Gregory J. "Battle of Namozine Church." In 9243:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2008. 8074:Urwin, Gregory J. "Battle of Namozine Church." In 5217: 4520:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2008. 4369:The Petersburg Campaign: The Western Front Battles 4178:The Petersburg Campaign: The Western Front Battles 3021:Lee's retreat and Grant's pursuit, April 2–9, 1865 2672:'s Battery, directed by Confederate staff officer 9480:The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War 9435:The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide 9119:The Appomattox Campaign, March 29 – April 9, 1865 8739:The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide 8691:The Appomattox Campaign, March 29 – April 9, 1865 5134:The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide 4444:The Appomattox Campaign, March 29 – April 9, 1865 4243:The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War 4156:Official Records, Series I, Volume XLVI, Part 1, 4127:Official Records, Series I, Volume XLVI, Part 1, 3725:Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1865 3715:List of costliest American Civil War land battles 2871: 2663: 914:, 1868, depicts the historic 1865 meeting on the 692: 14100: 12750:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 9665:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company, 1953. 9346:The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. 8630: 8628: 8626: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8115: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7400: 7398: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7095: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6120: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5913: 4927:The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. 3099:Beaver Pond Creek or Tabernacle Church (April 4) 2683: 2630:under Lieutenant Colonel James H. Duncan of the 2062:and Eppa Hunton, attack the exposed Union line. 1779: 1416:, and an independent division of Bvt. Maj. Gen. 52:, opposing commanders in the Appomattox campaign 9303:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing, 1999. 9301:The Petersburg Campaign: June 1864 – April 1865 9008:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing, 1999. 9006:The Petersburg Campaign: June 1864 – April 1865 6375: 3662:An alternative classification is maintained by 3537:Union soldiers at the courthouse in April 1865. 3485:Appomattox Court House National Historical Park 3447: 3127: 2815:lines, Humphreys ordered Nelson A. Miles's and 1494:Appomattox Campaign Confederate order of battle 12574:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 9643:Bowery, Charles R., Jr., and Ethan S. Rafuse. 9572: 9318:. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 9273:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983. 8859: 8857: 8685: 8683: 8681: 8679: 8669: 8667: 8596: 8594: 7478: 7476: 6140: 6138: 5571: 5569: 5386: 5384: 4266:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983. 3413: 3014:, was among those who reported on the events. 1475:(The 2nd Division of the Cavalry Corps, under 541:The Confederates marched west, heading toward 13126: 10460: 9776: 9136:New York: Eastern Acorn Press reprint, 1981. 9106:. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986. 8733: 8731: 8623: 8575: 8573: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8501: 8499: 8473: 8448: 8428:New York: Eastern Acorn Press reprint, 1981. 8267: 8265: 8263: 8231: 8229: 8219: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8199: 8197: 8094: 8092: 8070: 8068: 8066: 8064: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7866: 7859: 7857: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7714: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7675: 7671:Dead Artilleryman comments Petersburg Project 7606: 7604: 7521: 7448: 7446: 7395: 7372: 7370: 7351: 7349: 7289: 7287: 7264: 7257: 7255: 7236: 7234: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7198: 7196: 7177: 7175: 7165: 7163: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7092: 7031: 7029: 7010: 7008: 7006: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6979: 6977: 6958: 6956: 6858: 6856: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6724: 6708: 6706: 6694: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6608: 6606: 6291: 6275: 6273: 6252: 6243: 6227: 6225: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6117: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6047: 6045: 6008: 6006: 5953: 5935: 5910: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5758: 5756: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5665: 5663: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5489: 5487: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5434: 5432: 5374: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5304: 4718: 4626: 4624: 4287:. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986. 3575:tribe, and completed around 4 p.m., April 9. 2984:of the Army of the James under Major General 2539: 1387:Defenses of Bermuda Hundred, under Maj. Gen. 1337:, including the divisions of Bvt. Maj. Gens. 1315:, including the divisions of Bvt. Maj. Gens. 1293:, including the divisions of Bvt. Maj. Gens. 361: 9437:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. 9391:Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox 9378:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002. 9363:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003. 8715:Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox 8709: 8707: 8381: 8379: 8351: 8349: 8339: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8288: 8286: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8243: 8241: 8169: 8167: 8165: 6937: 6935: 6933: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5179: 5177: 5136:, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. 5002: 5000: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4773:Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4679: 4677: 4592:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003. 4512: 4510: 4508: 4371:. Savas Beattie: El Dorado Hills, CA, 2014. 4180:. Savas Beattie: El Dorado Hills, CA, 2014. 3912:Official Records of the War of the Rebellion 3659:'s American Battlefield Protection Program. 3650: 3554:and their orderly, Private Joshua O. Johns. 3030: 2043: 1430:, including the divisions of Bvt. Maj. Gen. 1271:, including the divisions of Bvt. Maj. Gen. 478:battles fought March 29 – April 9, 1865, in 9189:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. 9144:. First published New York: Rinehart, 1959. 9091:. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2014. 8875: 8854: 8798:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. 8676: 8664: 8591: 8013: 8011: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7576: 7574: 7572: 7562: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7473: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7312: 7310: 7308: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6327: 6179: 6135: 6108: 6063: 5985: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5566: 5420: 5381: 4767: 4765: 4256: 3986:. Winchester VA: Angle Valley Press, 2010. 3467:, and proposing a meeting to discuss them. 3320: 3237: 2407: 2021:pontoons on Hatcher's Run were swept away. 1391:, including the division of Bvt. Maj. Gen. 1360:, including the brigades of Bvt. Maj. Gen. 1018:, CSA, photographed by Mathew Brady in 1865 13133: 13119: 10467: 10453: 9783: 9769: 9450:Richmond Redeemed: The Siege at Petersburg 9121:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, 1997. 8728: 8693:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, 1997. 8582: 8570: 8561: 8517: 8496: 8260: 8226: 8206: 8194: 8130:Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002. 8089: 8061: 7976: 7953: 7935: 7926: 7917: 7908: 7894: 7854: 7775: 7700: 7691: 7613: 7601: 7592: 7443: 7407: 7367: 7346: 7319: 7296: 7284: 7252: 7243: 7223: 7214: 7193: 7172: 7160: 7151: 7142: 7133: 7124: 7110: 7083: 7074: 7065: 7056: 7047: 7038: 7026: 7017: 6995: 6986: 6974: 6965: 6953: 6944: 6901: 6892: 6883: 6853: 6830: 6821: 6812: 6803: 6794: 6785: 6703: 6633: 6603: 6318: 6282: 6270: 6261: 6222: 6197: 6170: 6156: 6147: 6090: 6081: 6054: 6042: 6033: 6003: 5994: 5976: 5944: 5815: 5801: 5753: 5744: 5726: 5717: 5681: 5660: 5642: 5619: 5596: 5557: 5539: 5514: 5505: 5496: 5484: 5450: 5429: 5369: 5353: 5333: 5317: 5301: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5117: 4621: 4446:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, 1997. 4336:Richmond Redeemed: The Siege at Petersburg 3356: 1840:which had been sent by Lieutenant General 854:March 27, 1865: Action at McIlwaine's Hill 608: 368: 354: 14149:Union victories of the American Civil War 9792:Eastern theater of the American Civil War 9645:Guide to the Richmond–Petersburg Campaign 9557:April 1865: The Month That Saved America. 8980: 8967:April 1865: The Month That Saved America. 8959: 8704: 8487: 8418: 8397: 8376: 8358: 8346: 8330: 8316: 8283: 8238: 8185: 8162: 6685: 5250: 5174: 5039: 4997: 4988: 4892: 4867: 4815: 4695: 4674: 4633: 4505: 4298: 3950:Honor in 1908. Greene, 2008, pp. 249–250. 3763:should be considered the first offensive. 2130:Brigadier General (Brevet Major General) 2076:Brigadier General (Brevet Major General) 2013:'s division reinforced Brigadier General 1408:, including the divisions of Brig. Gens. 1029:Appomattox Campaign Union order of battle 729: 584:Eastern Theater of the American Civil War 33:eastern theater of the American Civil War 13446:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act 13436:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871 10663:Treatment of slaves in the United States 9408:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era 9204:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. 9170:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 8773:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 8030:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era 8008: 7994: 7809: 7795: 7751: 7569: 7553: 7539: 7494: 7485: 7379: 7305: 7205: 6910: 6769: 6753: 6615: 5873: 5695: 5633: 4762: 4328: 3629: 3609: 3582: 3532: 3521: 3510: 3499: 3488: 3423: 3366: 3184: 3051: 3040: 3016: 2968: 2892: 2881: 2859:, where they could be resupplied at the 2802: 2587: 2576: 2511: 2411: 2398: 2334: 2323: 2312: 2301: 2195:The cavalry divisions of Major Generals 2147: 2136: 2125: 1813: 1770: 1696:, including the divisions of Maj. Gens. 1652:, including the divisions of Maj. Gens. 1395:and a separate brigade under Brig. Gen. 1002: 900: 750: 739: 519:, marking the effective end of the war. 12406:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 10578:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 5287: 5195: 5165: 3893:, 2nd ed., Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998, 3700:Commemoration of the American Civil War 3212:and Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) 2845: 2291: 1857:and Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) 1751:, including a division under Maj. Gen. 1747:Department of Richmond, under Lt. Gen. 1674:, including the divisions of Maj. Gen. 1467:, including the divisions of Brig. Gen 921:Grant, Sherman, and Lincoln, joined by 375: 14101: 12391:Modern display of the Confederate flag 10474: 9258:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2004. 8104:New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 4958:. p. 197. Retrieved February 10, 2015. 4950:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2004. 3401: 3160:Paineville; Amelia Springs (April 5–6) 3025: 1976: 1718:, including the division of Maj. Gen. 14134:Battles commanded by Ulysses S. Grant 13114: 12609: 11998: 11562: 10785: 10588:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 10486: 10448: 9764: 9752:Works by or about Appomattox Campaign 9134:To Appomattox: Nine April Days, 1865. 8426:To Appomattox: Nine April Days, 1865. 3941:Brigade commander Lieutenant Colonel 3010:, African-American correspondent for 1873:now feel like ending the matter...." 655:that supplies should be collected at 636:Lee plans to withdraw from Petersburg 569: 482:that concluded with the surrender of 349: 14055: 13604:Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant 13355:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo 13140: 9452:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981. 9269:Hattaway, Herman, and Archer Jones. 4338:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981. 4262:Hattaway, Herman, and Archer Jones. 4091: 4089: 4087: 3710:Conclusion of the American Civil War 2652:defenders remaining to be captured. 2599:Confederates from Brigadier General 2389:Breakthrough at Petersburg (April 2) 1882:Dinwiddie Court House and Five Forks 677:After discussing the situation with 12745:Committee on the Conduct of the War 12421:United Daughters of the Confederacy 9629:of the Union and Confederate Armies 8977:. First published 2001. pp. 186–87. 6444:Bearss, 2014, pp. 469–470; 485–486. 2573:Battle of Forts Gregg and Whitworth 2507: 2473:2nd Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry 806: 643:Confederate States Secretary of War 599: 13: 12815:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 12610: 12154:impeachment managers investigation 10533:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 9636: 9603:Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan 9348:Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971. 9153:. New York: Harcourt, Inc., 2001. 5907:. Retrieved March 5, 2015. p. 330. 4929:Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971. 4654:. New York: Harcourt, Inc., 2001. 3587:Appomattox Centennial, 1965 issue. 3079:Custer's younger brother, Captain 2632:19th Mississippi Infantry Regiment 2628:16th Mississippi Infantry Regiment 2624:12th Mississippi Infantry Regiment 2181:6th United States Cavalry Regiment 1963:6th United States Cavalry Regiment 1811:'s First Brigade led the advance. 1766: 1732:, including the divisions of Col. 998: 834:, the Richard Eppes plantation at 801:Shenandoah Valley campaign of 1864 14: 14160: 13787:Grant Cottage State Historic Site 13511:Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 12240:Reconstruction military districts 10688:Abolitionism in the United States 10643:Plantations in the American South 10558:Origins of the American Civil War 9710: 9202:West Point Atlas of American Wars 8824:Marvel, 2002, pp. 75–78; 121–123. 4084: 3759:Some historians suggest that the 3444:was captured north of Farmville. 2993:Lincoln visits Richmond (April 4) 1876: 896: 862: 814: 776:and some historians consider the 714:and II Corps under Major General 75:Along the evacuation routes from 14081: 14064: 14036: 14024: 13998: 13997: 13171:Grant and the American Civil War 13094: 13085: 13084: 12223:Enforcement Act of February 1871 12196:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 10361: 10325: 9228:. New York: Random House, 1974. 9104:Why the South Lost the Civil War 9074:Bibliography of Ulysses S. Grant 9055: 9046: 9037: 9028: 9019: 8998: 8989: 8950: 8941: 8932: 8923: 8914: 8893: 8884: 8866: 8845: 8836: 8827: 8818: 8809: 8784: 8761: 8752: 8655: 8646: 8637: 8603: 8540: 8531: 8508: 8464: 8439: 8388: 8367: 8295: 8274: 8176: 8141: 8052: 8043: 8020: 7985: 7967: 7944: 7845: 7836: 7827: 7818: 7742: 7664: 7651: 7642: 7631: 7622: 7583: 7512: 7503: 7464: 7455: 7434: 7425: 7416: 7358: 7337: 7328: 7184: 6874: 6865: 6844: 6744: 6715: 6676: 6667: 6658: 6649: 6624: 6594: 6585: 6576: 6567: 6558: 6549: 6540: 6531: 6522: 6513: 6504: 6495: 6486: 6477: 6468: 6447: 6438: 6429: 6420: 6411: 6402: 6393: 6384: 6366: 6357: 6348: 6309: 6300: 6234: 6213: 6188: 6072: 6024: 6015: 5967: 5926: 5882: 5864: 5855: 5846: 5837: 5792: 5783: 5774: 5765: 5735: 5672: 5610: 5587: 5578: 5548: 5530: 5475: 5466: 5441: 5411: 5402: 5393: 4476:. New York: Random House, 1974. 4285:Why the South Lost the Civil War 4056: 4043: 4034: 4025: 4016: 4007: 3997: 3972: 3962: 3953: 3935: 3926: 3917: 3904: 3879: 3870: 3695:Armies in the American Civil War 3677:'s 2014 edition of Volume II of 3481:Battle of Appomattox Court House 3475:Appomattox Court House (April 9) 2782: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2207:in command of his own division. 2116:Dinwiddie Court House (March 31) 1615: 1598: 1581: 1564: 1547: 1530: 1509: 1206: 1188: 1170: 1152: 1134: 1116: 1098: 1080: 1062: 1044: 850:on a cruise up the James River. 302: 289: 279: 269: 253: 244: 234: 225: 216: 207: 198: 179: 166: 39: 13008:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 12870:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 12431:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 9840:Potomac blockade (Oct–Jan 1862) 9584:Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant 9559:New York: HarperCollins, 2006. 9316:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 9067: 8969:New York: HarperCollins, 2006. 6474:Bearss, 2014, pp. 471, 500–501. 5278: 5229: 5186: 5156: 5147: 5126: 5108: 5087: 5066: 5057: 5048: 5030: 5009: 4979: 4970: 4961: 4940: 4919: 4910: 4901: 4883: 4858: 4849: 4840: 4831: 4786: 4753: 4734: 4725: 4686: 4665: 4642: 4612: 4603: 4582: 4573: 4564: 4531: 4496: 4487: 4457: 4436: 4427: 4418: 4409: 4400: 4391: 4382: 4358: 4349: 4319: 4277: 4235: 4212: 3891:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 3861: 3848: 3827: 3814: 3801: 3792: 3775: 3766: 3189:Davies captures the wagon train 2259:Alexander C. M. Pennington, Jr. 2161:Dinwiddie Court House, Virginia 2122:Battle of Dinwiddie Court House 1500: 1035: 512:) under the overall command of 14114:1865 in the American Civil War 13155:President of the United States 12111:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 9980:Garnett's & Golding's Farm 5235:Longacre, 2003, pp. 17, 52–53. 4191: 4162: 4150: 4133: 4121: 4105: 3753: 3736: 3353:, where rations were waiting. 2878:Battle of Sutherland's Station 2872:Sutherland's Station (April 2) 2861:Richmond and Danville Railroad 2829:Battle of Sutherland's Station 2664:VI Corps drives back artillery 2092:sent two of Brigadier General 1797:Richmond and Danville Railroad 1487: 943:, a division of Major General 707:Richmond and Danville Railroad 693:March 24, 1865: Grant's orders 85:Richmond and Danville Railroad 83:, following the routes of the 1: 13401:Specie Payment Resumption Act 12526:Ladies' Memorial Associations 12228:Enforcement Act of April 1871 12124:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 11999: 9831:Carolina coast blockade (Aug) 9816:Chesapeake blockade (May–Jun) 7973:Humphreys, 1883, pp. 368–369. 7748:Humphreys, 1883, pp. 367–369. 7148:Calkins, 1997, pp. 45, 59–61. 6721:Humphreys, 1883, pp. 363–364. 6546:Humphreys, 1883, pp. 349–350. 6510:Humphreys, 1883, pp. 347–349. 6390:Humphreys, 1883, pp. 342–343. 6315:Humphreys, 1883, pp. 336–341. 6219:Humphreys, 1883, pp. 335–336. 6030:Humphreys, 1883, pp. 334–335. 4078: 3889:in Kennedy, Frances H., ed., 3344:Burkeville Junction, Virginia 3146:Burkeville Junction, Virginia 3118:Burkeville Junction, Virginia 2837: 2684:Parke's attack on Fort Mahone 1780:Lewis's Farm (March 29, 1865) 564: 66:(1 week and 4 days) 13275:State of the Union addresses 12659:Confederate revolving cannon 12401:Sons of Confederate Veterans 12272:South Carolina riots of 1876 12250:Indian Council at Fort Smith 12201:South Carolina riots of 1876 12166:Knights of the White Camelia 10658:Slavery in the United States 8537:Longacre, 2003, pp. 126–127. 4537:Hattaway, 1983, pp. 669–671. 3578: 3454:Battle of Appomattox Station 3448:Appomattox Station (April 8) 3283:George Washington Custis Lee 3128:Amelia Court House (April 4) 2857:Amelia Court House, Virginia 2719:31st Maine Infantry Regiment 1997:Lee moved Brigadier General 1861:, who was later awarded the 912:George Peter Alexander Healy 803:and the return to Richmond. 576:Richmond–Petersburg campaign 524:Richmond–Petersburg campaign 7: 13844:1922 Grant Memorial coinage 13013:New York City riots of 1863 12838:Battle Hymn of the Republic 12589:United Confederate Veterans 12426:Children of the Confederacy 12416:United Confederate Veterans 12411:Southern Historical Society 11563: 11043:Price's Missouri Expedition 10513:Timeline leading to the War 10487: 10127:Operations against Plymouth 9573:Memoirs and primary sources 8947:Weigley, 2000, pp. 439–442. 8938:Davis, Burke, 1959, p. 350. 8920:Calkins, 1997, pp. 162–163. 8911:Calkins, 1997, pp. 164–165. 8842:Calkins, 1997, pp. 131–138. 8815:Calkins, 1997, pp. 123–131. 8643:Calkins, 1997, pp. 111–112. 8615:37th Massachusetts Infantry 7833:Weigley, 2000, pp. 436–437. 7422:Greene, 2008, pp. 282, 307. 6600:Trulock, 1992, pp. 281–282. 6537:Trulock, 1992, pp. 272–274. 6435:Bearss, 2014, pp. 481, 485. 5554:Greene, 2008, pp. 163, 165. 5481:Greene, 2009, pp. 160, 169. 5408:Trulock, 1992, pp. 242–244. 5123:Trulock, 1992, pp. 231–238. 4630:Trudeau, 1991, pp. 337–352. 4502:Trudeau, 1991, pp. 324–325. 3688: 3571:, a Native American of the 3420:Battle of Cumberland Church 3414:Cumberland Church (April 7) 3135:1st Maryland Cavalry (U.S.) 2526:138th Pennsylvania Infantry 2001:brigade from Major General 1853:(Brevet Brigadier General) 1501:Key Confederate commanders 1479:, remained attached to the 594:Second Battle of Petersburg 10: 14165: 13540:Naturalization Act of 1870 13431:U.S. Department of Justice 13391:General Mining Act of 1872 12981:Confederate Secret Service 12569:Grand Army of the Republic 12461:Grand Army of the Republic 12279:Southern Claims Commission 10425:Gettysburg-Newark Lowlands 9747:American Battlefield Trust 9221:The Civil War: A Narrative 9071: 8851:Marvel, 2002, pp. 127–133. 8661:Calkins, 1997, pp. 97–115. 7851:Greene, 2008, pp. 323–332. 7589:Greene, 2008, pp. 336–338. 7509:Greene, 2008, pp. 333–334. 7470:Greene, 2008, pp. 318–319. 7440:Greene, 2008, pp. 313–314. 7343:Greene, 2008, pp. 299–300. 7334:Greene, 2008, pp. 298–299. 6971:Greene, 2008, pp. 231–232. 6962:Greene, 2008, pp. 229–230. 6880:Greene, 2008, pp. 220–223. 6850:Bearss, 2014, pp. 534–535. 6750:Bearss, 2014, pp. 518–519. 6573:Bearss, 2014, pp. 502–506. 6555:Bearss, 2014, pp. 497–500. 6528:Bearss, 2014, pp. 492–496. 6519:Bearss, 2014, pp. 486–490. 6417:Bearss, 2014, pp. 473–475. 6408:Bearss, 2014, pp. 474–476. 6399:Bearss, 2014, pp. 462–463. 6354:Bearss, 2014, pp. 462–514. 6306:Bearss, 2014, pp. 455–457. 6240:Bearss, 2014, pp. 403–404. 6078:Bearss, 2014, pp. 392–394. 6021:Longacre, 2003, pp. 68–69. 5973:Bearss, 2014, pp. 382–383. 5861:Bearss, 2014, pp. 434–435. 5798:Greene, 2009, pp. 173–174. 5780:Greene, 2009, pp. 172–173. 5771:Bearss, 2014, pp. 426–427. 5741:Bearss, 2014, pp. 424–425. 5536:Bearss, 2014, pp. 367–368. 5284:Bearss, 2014, pp. 336–337. 5063:Greene, 2009, pp. 155–158. 4976:Harris, 2004, pp. 197–198. 4916:Greene, 2008, pp. 148–149. 4907:Greene, 2008, pp. 146–148. 4731:Greene, 2008, pp. 114–115. 4570:Calkins, 1997, pp. 14, 16. 4469:The Civil War: A Narrative 3978:Corporal and Color-Bearer 3787:Third Battle of Petersburg 3761:First Battle of Petersburg 3478: 3451: 3417: 3360: 3324: 3241: 3163: 3034: 2875: 2540:VI Corps, XXIV Corps moves 2499:Union Army Chief Engineer 2395:Third Battle of Petersburg 2392: 2295: 2225:Spencer repeating carbines 2119: 2047: 1783: 1491: 1026: 733: 612: 573: 536:Third Battle of Petersburg 534:on April 1, 1865, and the 13976: 13897: 13864: 13742: 13724: 13683: 13613: 13595: 13572: 13471: 13451:Yellowstone National Park 13414: 13371:Public Credit Act of 1869 13363: 13325: 13228: 13163: 13148: 13080: 13056: 12969:Confederate States dollar 12941: 12883: 12828: 12780:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 12775:Emancipation Proclamation 12737: 12669:Medal of Honor recipients 12626: 12622: 12605: 12557:Confederate Memorial Hall 12539: 12518: 12476: 12448: 12439: 12359:Confederate Memorial Hall 12332:Confederate History Month 12312:Civil War Discovery Trail 12292: 12213:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 12044: 12019:Reconstruction Amendments 12009: 12005: 11994: 11916: 11785: 11778: 11718: 11582: 11575: 11571: 11558: 11500: 11247: 11240: 11071: 10927: 10886: 10854: 10821: 10814: 10810: 10781: 10678: 10628:Emancipation Proclamation 10596: 10497: 10493: 10482: 10412: 10391: 10384: 10360: 10323: 10316: 10266: 10243: 10234: 10154: 10113: 10104: 10079: 10038: 10029: 9937: 9884: 9875: 9847: 9807: 9798: 9663:A Stillness at Appomattox 9314:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. 9083:, with Bryce A. Suderow. 8741:, Stackpole Books, 2001, 8617:or Pvt. Harris Hawthorn, 8546:Calkins, 1997, pp. 87–91. 8514:Calkins, 1997, pp. 88–89. 8280:Calkins, 1997, pp. 76–77. 8147:Calkins, 1997, pp. 69–74. 7950:Calkins, 2002, pp. 47–48. 7824:Calkins, 1997, pp. 43–53. 7739:Calkins, 2002, pp. 45–46. 7461:Calkins, 1997, pp. 51–52. 6591:Bearss, 2014, pp. 510–512 6564:Trudeau, 1994, pp. 42–43. 6363:Calkins, 1997, pp. 27–37. 6194:Longacre, 2003, pp. 74–75 5843:Calkins, 1997, pp. 25–26. 5275:Calkins, 1997, pp. 18–19. 5114:Calkins, 1997, pp. 20–21. 3651:Classifying the campaigns 3289:, and Brigadier Generals 3037:Battle of Namozine Church 3031:Namozine Church (April 3) 2603:Brigade of Major General 2545:all of Brigadier General 2364:thick, damp woods and an 2044:White Oak Road (March 31) 1945:to deploy to Five Forks. 1638:Army of Northern Virginia 795:on the north bank of the 530:. Union victories at the 494:Army of Northern Virginia 387: 327: 314: 308:Army of Northern Virginia 261: 192: 159: 147:Army of Northern Virginia 56: 38: 30: 25: 13653:Ulysses S. Grant Cottage 13555:Civil Rights Act of 1875 13463:Electoral Commission Act 13441:Civil Service Commission 13043:U.S. Sanitary Commission 12954:Battlefield preservation 12860:Marching Through Georgia 12785:Hampton Roads Conference 12760:Confiscation Act of 1862 12755:Confiscation Act of 1861 12531:U.S. national cemeteries 12337:Confederate Memorial Day 12322:Civil War Trails Program 12191:New Orleans riot of 1866 10167:Spotsylvania Court House 9892:Burnside's NC Expedition 9620:The War of the Rebellion 9187:Civil War High Commands. 8796:Civil War High Commands. 8634:Humphreys, 1883, p. 384. 8484:Humphreys, 1883, p. 377. 8470:Marvel, 2002, pp. 55–56. 8461:Humphreys, 1883, p. 376. 8445:Marvel, 2002, pp. 50–51. 8049:McPherson, 1988, p. 847. 7891:Humphreys, 1883, p. 368. 7727:Humphreys, 2009, p. 367. 7688:Humphreys, 1883, p. 362. 7628:Hess, 2009, pp. 270–271. 7536:Humphreys, 1883, p. 366. 7482:Hess, 2009, pp. 265–266. 7404:Humphreys, 1883, p. 370. 7364:Hess, 2009, pp. 275–276. 7281:Humphreys, 1883, p. 369. 7190:Hess, 2009, pp. 273–274. 7107:Humphreys, 1883, p. 365. 6871:Hess, 2009, pp. 272–273. 6741:Humphreys, 1883, p. 364. 6700:Humphreys, 1883, p. 363. 6582:Trudeau, 1994, pp. 43–45 6501:Marvel, 2002, pp. 15–16. 6297:Humphreys, 1883, p. 342. 6258:Humphreys, 1883, p. 336. 6249:Humphreys, 1883, p. 343. 6132:Humphreys, 1883, p. 335. 5964:Humphreys, 1883, p. 334. 5941:Humphreys, 1883, p. 326. 5932:Humphreys, 1883, p. 327. 5923:Humphreys, 1883, p. 328. 5105:Hess, 2009, pp. 255–260. 5015:Hess, 2009, pp. 254–255. 4967:Long, 1971, pp. 658–679. 4837:Calkins, 1997, pp. 12–13 4493:Calkins,1997, pp. 11–12. 4397:Hess, 2009, pp. 231–232. 4253:. pp. 367, 372–373, 384. 3822:Hampton Roads Conference 3730: 3337:Rice's Station, Virginia 3333:Battle of Sailor's Creek 3327:Battle of Rice's Station 3321:Rice's Station (April 6) 3244:Battle of Sailor's Creek 3238:Sailor's Creek (April 6) 3166:Battle of Amelia Springs 2408:Sixth Corps breakthrough 2280:commander Major General 2276:Early that night, Union 2050:Battle of White Oak Road 1954:6th Pennsylvania Cavalry 1022: 828:Henrico County, Virginia 555:Battle of Sailor's Creek 64:March 29 – April 9, 1865 13523:Enforcement Act of 1870 12964:Confederate war finance 12584:Southern Cross of Honor 12552:1938 Gettysburg reunion 12547:1913 Gettysburg reunion 12245:Reconstruction Treaties 12218:Enforcement Act of 1870 12101:Freedman's Savings Bank 10718:Lane Debates on Slavery 10543:Lincoln–Douglas debates 9567:. First published 2001. 9226:Red River to Appomattox 9085:The Petersburg Campaign 8619:121st New York Infantry 5897:Charles Scribner's Sons 4474:Red River to Appomattox 3833:The Vermont brigade of 3748:Battle of Hatcher's Run 3460:George Armstrong Custer 3390:(often identified as a 3357:High Bridge (April 6–7) 3224:infantry would arrive. 2976:at Petersburg, Virginia 2132:George Armstrong Custer 1901:George Armstrong Custer 1364:, and Bvt. Brig. Gens. 615:Battle of Hatcher's Run 609:Battle of Hatcher's Run 13814:Ohio Statehouse statue 13528:Second Enforcement Act 13491:Native American policy 13220:Commanding generalship 13023:Richmond riots of 1863 12949:Baltimore riot of 1861 12729:U.S. Military Railroad 12649:Confederate Home Guard 12381:Historiographic issues 12347:Historical reenactment 10846:Revenue Cutter Service 10713:William Lloyd Garrison 10622:Dred Scott v. Sandford 10304:Appomattox Court House 9835:McClellan's operations 9508:Trulock, Alice Rains. 9427:April 9, 2005, at the 9052:Esposito, maps 138–44. 8956:Calkins, 1997, p. 170. 8929:Calkins, 1997, p. 160. 8899:Calkins, 1997, p. 162. 8881:Calkins, 1997, p. 161. 8872:Weigley, 2000, p. 439. 8863:Calkins, 1997, p. 154. 8758:Calkins, 1997, p. 116. 8673:Trudeau, 1994, p. 114. 8652:Calkins, 1997, p. 109. 8600:Calkins, 1997, p. 114. 8558:Weigley, 2000, p. 438. 6372:Weigley, 2000, p, 436. 6333:Longacre, 1997, p. 80. 6185:Longacre, 2003, p. 71. 6144:Longacre, 2003, p. 72. 6114:Longacre, 2003, p. 70. 6069:Longacre, 2003, p. 69. 5991:Longacre, 2003, p. 66. 5888:Humphreys, Andrew A., 5575:Calkins, 1997, p. 201. 5426:Trulock, 1992, p. 245. 5417:Trulock, 1992, p. 244. 5390:Trulock, 1992, p. 242. 5072:Trulock, Alice Rains. 4792:Trudeau, 1991, p. 366. 4746:April 9, 2005, at the 4692:Weigley, 2000, p. 435. 4433:Weigley, 2000, p. 433. 4355:Weigley, 2000, p. 432. 4325:Hess, 2009, pp. 18–37. 4068:April 9, 2005, at the 3856:Gettysburg Battlefield 3683:Battle of Lewis's Farm 3668:Atlas of American Wars 3643: 3627: 3588: 3564: 3538: 3530: 3519: 3508: 3497: 3432: 3378: 3190: 3071:and Brigadier General 3060: 3049: 3022: 3012:The Philadelphia Press 2977: 2901: 2890: 2811: 2596: 2585: 2520: 2420: 2404: 2343: 2332: 2321: 2310: 2156: 2145: 2134: 1822: 1786:Battle of Lewis's Farm 1776: 1454:Army of the Shenandoah 1374:Army of the Shenandoah 1246:Army of the Shenandoah 1019: 951:and Brigadier General 918: 778:Battle of Fort Stedman 759: 748: 736:Battle of Fort Stedman 730:Battle of Fort Stedman 705:to Petersburg and the 559:Appomattox Court House 510:Army of the Shenandoah 457:Appomattox Court House 338:Appomattox Court House 295:Army of the Shenandoah 193:Commanders and leaders 93:Appomattox Court House 13989:Rutherford B. Hayes → 13426:Judiciary Act of 1869 13376:Copyright Act of 1870 13270:Judicial appointments 12988:Great Revival of 1863 12865:Maryland, My Maryland 12654:Confederate railroads 12317:Civil War Roundtables 12186:Meridian riot of 1871 12181:Memphis riots of 1866 10738:George Luther Stearns 10723:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 10616:Crittenden Compromise 9737:Encyclopedia Virginia 9625:a Compilation of the 9617:U.S. War Department, 9493:Trudeau, Noah Andre. 9256:Lincoln's Last Months 9200:Esposito, Vincent J. 9181:Eicher, John H., and 9072:Further information: 9061:Bearss, 2014, p. 313. 8890:Salmon, 2001, p. 490. 8790:Eicher, John H., and 8588:Calkins, 1997, p. 99. 8579:Calkins, 1997, p. 93. 8567:Salmon, 2001, p. 476. 8528:Calkins, 1997, p. 91. 8505:Calkins, 1997, p. 87. 8373:Trudeau, 1994, p. 92. 8271:Calkins, 1997, p. 76. 8235:Calkins, 1997, p. 78. 8223:Calkins, 1997, p. 77. 8203:Calkins, 1997, p. 75. 8182:Calkins, 1997, p. 67. 8159:Calkins, 1997, p. 69. 8058:Salmon, 2001, p. 473. 7982:Greene, 2008, p. 331. 7964:Greene, 2008, p. 330. 7941:Greene, 2008, p. 329. 7932:Greene, 2008, p. 327. 7923:Greene, 2008, p. 325. 7914:Calkins, 2002, p. 47. 7905:Greene, 2008, p. 324. 7863:Greene, 2008, p. 322. 7842:Calkins, 1997, p. 53. 7792:Greene, 2008, p. 323. 7711:Greene, 2008, p. 321. 7697:Bearss, 2014, p. 517. 7619:Greene, 2008, p. 340. 7610:Greene, 2009, p. 338. 7598:Greene, 2008, p. 335. 7518:Greene, 2008, p. 332. 7452:Greene, 2008, p. 316. 7431:Greene, 2008, p. 313. 7413:Greene, 2008, p. 306. 7376:Greene, 2008, p. 303. 7355:Greene, 2008, p. 300. 7325:Greene, 2008, p. 296. 7302:Greene, 2008, p. 291. 7293:Trudeau, 1994, p. 62. 7261:Greene, 2008, p. 283. 7249:Keifer, 1900, p. 196. 7240:Greene, 2008, p. 277. 7220:Greene, 2008, p. 276. 7202:Greene, 2008, p. 275. 7181:Greene, 2008, p. 261. 7169:Calkins, 1997, p. 60. 7157:Greene, 2008, p. 260. 7139:Greene, 2008, p. 258. 7130:Greene, 2008, p. 273. 7121:Greene, 2008, p. 348. 7089:Trudeau, 1994, p. 54. 7080:Greene, 2008, p. 244. 7071:Greene, 2008, p. 242. 7062:Greene, 2008, p. 240. 7053:Bearss, 2014, p. 545. 7044:Bearss, 2014, p. 544. 7035:Greene, 2008, p. 254. 7023:Bearss, 2014, p. 543. 7014:Calkins, 2002, p. 45. 6992:Greene, 2008, p. 235. 6983:Greene, 2008, p. 234. 6950:Bearss, 2014, p. 538. 6907:Greene, 2008, p. 227. 6898:Greene, 2008, p. 226. 6889:Greene, 2008, p. 222. 6862:Bearss, 2014, p. 536. 6841:Calkins, 2002, p. 43. 6827:Bearrs, 2014, p. 573. 6818:Bearss, 2014, p. 530. 6809:Bearss, 2014, p. 528. 6800:Bearss, 2014, p. 519. 6791:Calkins, 1997, p. 44. 6712:Bearss, 2014, p. 518. 6682:Trudeau, 1994, p. 46. 6655:Bearss, 2014, p. 511. 6646:Bearss, 2014, p. 516. 6630:Greene, 2008, p. 189. 6612:Bearss, 2014, p. 515. 6492:Bearss, 2014, p. 479. 6483:Greene, 2008, p. 184. 6453:Trudeau, Noah Andre. 6426:Bearss, 2014, p. 477. 6381:Greene, 2009, p. 183. 6345:Greene, 2008, p. 186. 6324:Bearss, 2014, p. 457. 6288:Greene, 2009, p. 182. 6267:Bearrs, 2014, p. 437. 6231:Greene, 2008, p. 179. 6210:Bearss, 2014, p. 403. 6176:Bearss, 2014, p. 400. 6167:Greene, 2008, p. 178. 6153:Bearss, 2014, p. 397. 6105:Bearss, 2014, p. 398. 6087:Bearss, 2014, p. 396. 6060:Bearss, 2014, p. 392. 6051:Bearss, 2014, p. 390. 6039:Bearss, 2014, p. 388. 6012:Bearss, 2014, p. 384. 6000:Bearss, 2014, p. 382. 5982:Greene, 2008, p. 175. 5950:Bearss, 2014, p. 381. 5870:Bearss, 2014, p. 434. 5852:Bearss, 2014, p. 433. 5834:Greene, 2009, p. 174. 5812:Bearss, 2014, p. 432. 5789:Bearss, 2014, p. 431. 5762:Calkins, 1997, p. 26. 5750:Bearss, 2014, p. 426. 5732:Bearss, 2014, p. 423. 5723:Bearss, 2014, p. 422. 5692:Calkins, 1997, p. 25. 5678:Bearss, 2014, p. 415. 5669:Bearss, 2014, p. 412. 5657:Greene, 2009, p. 172. 5630:Calkins, 1997, p. 24. 5616:Bearss, 2014, p. 411. 5607:Greene, 2008, p. 170. 5593:Greene, 2008, p. 168. 5584:Greene, 2008, p. 167. 5563:Bearss, 2014, p. 371. 5545:Bearss, 2014, p. 368. 5527:Bearss, 2014, p. 367. 5511:Bearss, 2014, p. 366. 5502:Bearss, 2014, p. 363. 5493:Bearss, 2014, p. 358. 5472:Bearss, 2014, p. 338. 5463:Greene, 2009, p. 169. 5447:Greene, 2009, p. 160. 5438:Bearss, 2014, p. 336. 5399:Greene, 2008, p. 163. 5378:Bearss, 2014, p. 357. 5366:Bearss, 2014, p. 354. 5350:Bearss, 2014, p. 353. 5330:Calkins, 1997, p. 20. 5314:Bearss, 2014, p. 351. 5263:Bearss, 2014, p. 356. 5247:Bearss, 2014, p. 337. 5192:Bearss, 2014, p. 348. 5183:Greene, 2008, p. 162. 5162:Calkins, 1997, p. 21. 5153:Greene, 2009, p. 162. 5093:Greene, 2009, p. 158. 5054:Calkins, 1997, p. 17. 5045:Greene, 2008, p. 157. 5027:Calkins, 1997, p. 15. 5006:Bearss, 2014, p. 310. 4994:Greene, 2008, p. 160. 4985:Harris, 2004, p. 198. 4948:Lincoln's Last Months 4898:Greene, 2008, p. 146. 4889:Greene, 2008, p. 145. 4880:Greene, 2008, p. 151. 4864:Greene, 2008, p. 150. 4855:Wyrick, 2014, p. 308. 4846:Greene, 2008, p. 144. 4828:Greene, 2008, p. 149. 4812:Calkins, 1997, p. 16. 4759:Calkins, 1997, p. 12. 4722:Greene, 2008, p. 152. 4683:Bearss, 2014, p. 312. 4671:Wyrick, 2014, p. 247. 4639:Greene, 2008, p. 108. 4609:Wyrick, 2014, p. 244. 4561:Greene, 2008, p. 154. 4406:Bearss, 2014, p. 232. 4388:Bearss, 2014, p. 174. 4304:Trudeau, Noah Andre. 3657:National Park Service 3633: 3613: 3586: 3559: 3536: 3525: 3514: 3503: 3492: 3479:Further information: 3452:Further information: 3427: 3418:Further information: 3375:Timothy H. O'Sullivan 3370: 3363:Battle of High Bridge 3361:Further information: 3325:Further information: 3311:Stapleton Crutchfield 3242:Further information: 3188: 3164:Further information: 3139:14th Virginia Cavalry 3114:Jetersville, Virginia 3055: 3044: 3035:Further information: 3020: 3008:Thomas Morris Chester 2972: 2896: 2885: 2876:Further information: 2806: 2591: 2580: 2515: 2415: 2402: 2393:Further information: 2338: 2327: 2316: 2305: 2296:Further information: 2237:Charles L. Fitzhugh's 2151: 2140: 2129: 2120:Further information: 2082:Charles S. Wainwright 2048:Further information: 1939:William Henry Wallace 1834:William Henry Wallace 1817: 1784:Further information: 1774: 1492:Further information: 1410:Robert Sanford Foster 1279:, and Bvt. Maj. Gen. 1036:Key Union commanders 1027:Further information: 1006: 976:W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee's 904: 843:Sheridan accompanied 774:National Park Service 754: 743: 734:Further information: 720:Dinwiddie Court House 625:Dinwiddie Court House 613:Further information: 574:Further information: 402:Dinwiddie Court House 328:Casualties and losses 114:37.37722°N 78.79722°W 13949:Ulysses S. Grant III 13931:Ulysses S. Grant Jr. 13925:Frederick Dent Grant 13907:Hannah Simpson Grant 13757:Presidential library 13582:Bid for a third term 13381:Currency Act of 1870 13335:Treaty of Washington 12875:Daar kom die Alibama 12790:National Union Party 12466:memorials to Lincoln 12386:Lost Cause mythology 12091:Eufaula riot of 1874 12079:Confederate refugees 11292:District of Columbia 10919:Union naval blockade 10765:Underground Railroad 10553:Nullification crisis 10046:Tidewater operations 9928:Goldsboro Expedition 9676:Dunkerly, Robert M. 9448:Sommers, Richard J. 9374:Longacre, Edward G. 9359:Longacre, Edward G. 9043:Calkins, pp. 201–02. 8995:Winik, 2006, p. 189. 8986:Winik, 2006, p. 188. 8493:Marvel, 2002, p. 58. 8394:Foote, 1974, p. 911. 8385:Marvel, 2002, p. 55. 8364:Marvel, 2002, p. 52. 8355:Marvel, 2002, p. 51. 8343:Marvel, 2002, p. 50. 8327:Marvel, 2002, p. 49. 8292:Marvel, 2002, p. 48. 8257:Marvel, 2002, p. 47. 8191:Marvel, 2002, p. 46. 8173:Marvel, 2002, p. 45. 8126:Longacre, Edward G. 7638:Civil War talk Forum 6691:Marvel, 2002, p. 16. 6673:Greene, 2008, p. 187 6279:Calkins, 1992, p. 27 4618:Calkins,1997, p. 11. 4588:Longacre, Edward G. 4367:with Bruce Suderow. 4334:Sommers, Richard J. 4176:with Bruce Suderow. 4112:Further information: 4096:Further information: 3783:Battle of Five Forks 3137:skirmished with the 3069:William Paul Roberts 2980:Union troops of the 2974:Thomas Wallace House 2846:Decision to withdraw 2735:Charles H. T. Collis 2689:after Major General 2453:5th Vermont Infantry 2330:Gouverneur K. Warren 2298:Battle of Five Forks 2292:Five Forks (April 1) 2282:Gouverneur K. Warren 2165:Five Forks, Virginia 2088:under Major General 1838:Young Marshall Moody 1471:and Bvt. Major Gen. 1291:Gouverneur K. Warren 1127:Gouverneur K. Warren 875:City Point, Virginia 836:City Point, Virginia 767:under Major General 712:Gouverneur K. Warren 657:Burkeville, Virginia 646:John C. Breckinridge 532:Battle of Five Forks 417:Sutherland's Station 81:Petersburg, Virginia 14109:Appomattox campaign 14051:Appomattox campaign 13961:Ulysses S. Grant IV 13937:Jesse Root Grant II 13866:Cultural depictions 13829:U.S. Postage stamps 13819:Philadelphia statue 13799:U.S. Capitol statue 13386:Funding Act of 1870 13243:Second inauguration 13201:Richmond–Petersburg 13033:Supreme Court cases 12800:Radical Republicans 12579:Old soldiers' homes 12563:Confederate Veteran 12489:artworks in Capitol 12208:Reconstruction acts 12069:Colfax riot of 1873 11033:Richmond-Petersburg 10638:Fugitive slave laws 10568:Popular sovereignty 10548:Missouri Compromise 10538:Kansas-Nebraska Act 9743:Appomattox Campaign 9734:Appomattox Campaign 9728:General information 9599:Sheridan, Philip H. 9539:Weigley, Russell F. 9405:McPherson, James M. 9254:Harris, William C. 9239:Greene, A. Wilson. 8833:Long, 1971, p. 668. 8027:McPherson, James M. 8017:Long, 1971, p. 666. 8005:Long, 1971, p. 665. 7991:Long, 1971, p. 663. 7815:Hess, 2009, p. 279. 7806:Hess, 2009, p. 278. 7772:Hess, 2009, p. 277. 7648:Frassanito, p. 360. 7580:Hess, 2009, p. 270. 7566:Hess, 2009, p. 269. 7550:Hess, 2009, p. 268. 7500:Hess, 2009, p. 267. 7491:Hess, 2009, p. 266. 7392:Hess, 2009, p. 276. 7316:Hess, 2009, p. 275. 7211:Hess, 2009, p. 274. 6941:Hess, 2009, p. 273. 6782:Hess, 2009, p. 272. 6766:Hess, 2009, p. 271. 6664:Hess, 2009, p. 263. 6621:Hess, 2009, p. 264. 5879:Hess, 2009, p. 255. 5714:Hess, 3009, p. 259. 5639:Hess, 2009, p. 258. 5298:Horn, 1999, p. 222. 5226:Horn, 1999, p. 221. 5214:Hess, 2009, p. 257. 5171:Hess, 2009, p. 256. 5036:Horn, 1999, p. 220. 4946:Harris, William C. 4579:Hess, 2009, p. 253. 4516:Greene, A. Wilson. 4424:Hess, 2009, p. 233. 4415:Hess, 2009, p. 234. 4219:Weigley, Russell F. 3720:Siege of Petersburg 3504:Lieutenant General 3430:Thomas Alfred Smyth 3402:Farmville (April 7) 3382:Brigadier General) 3351:Farmville, Virginia 3307:Montgomery D. Corse 3271:Andrew A. Humphreys 3026:Confederate retreat 2674:Giles Buckner Cooke 2516:Lieutenant General 2441:1st Vermont Brigade 2223:brigade armed with 2201:W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee 2185:William H. F. Payne 2169:South Side Railroad 2143:W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee 2090:Andrew A. Humphreys 1977:White Oak Road line 1967:William H. F. Payne 1842:Richard H. Anderson 1716:Richard H. Anderson 1574:Richard H. Anderson 1481:Army of the Potomac 1443:Ranald S. Mackenzie 1370:Army of the Potomac 1269:Andrew A. Humphreys 1258:Army of the Potomac 1230:Army of the Potomac 1109:Andrew A. Humphreys 1008:Opposing commanders 953:Ranald S. Mackenzie 928:, met again on the 891:George E. Pickett's 716:Andrew A. Humphreys 623:of infantry toward 543:Lynchburg, Virginia 502:Army of the Potomac 472:Appomattox campaign 379:Appomattox campaign 275:Army of the Potomac 119:37.37722; -78.79722 110: / 26:Appomattox campaign 14031:American Civil War 13878:(2002 documentary) 13824:San Francisco bust 13775:General Grant tree 13396:Timber Culture Act 13238:First inauguration 12854:A Lincoln Portrait 12795:Politicians killed 12719:U.S. Balloon Corps 12714:Union corps badges 12494:memorials to Davis 12364:Disenfranchisement 12235:Reconstruction era 12116:Timber Culture Act 12074:Compromise of 1877 11038:Franklin–Nashville 10708:Frederick Douglass 10611:Cornerstone Speech 10528:Compromise of 1850 10476:American Civil War 10222:Boydton Plank Road 9960:Seven Days Battles 9488:978-0-19-537-305-9 7659:Petersburg Project 4251:978-0-19-537-305-9 3947:John E. Buffington 3644: 3628: 3589: 3539: 3531: 3520: 3509: 3498: 3433: 3428:Brigadier General 3379: 3191: 3061: 3050: 3045:Brigadier General 3023: 3000:U.S. Supreme Court 2978: 2906:Southside Railroad 2902: 2897:Brigadier General 2891: 2886:Brigadier General 2812: 2715:Orlando B. Willcox 2702:Robert B. Potter's 2698:Simon G. Griffin's 2641:67th Ohio Infantry 2612:Nathaniel Harris's 2597: 2586: 2555:Thomas M. Harris's 2547:Robert S. Foster's 2521: 2469:Elisha Hunt Rhodes 2421: 2405: 2344: 2333: 2322: 2311: 2286:Joseph J. Bartlett 2221:Charles H. Smith's 2192:Brigadier Generals 2157: 2146: 2141:Brigadier General 2135: 2067:Samuel W. Crawford 2028:Brigadier General 2015:Edward L. Thomas's 1999:Alfred M. Scales's 1844:and Major General 1827:Brigadier Generals 1823: 1820:Joshua Chamberlain 1818:Brigadier General 1809:Joshua Chamberlain 1793:Southside Railroad 1777: 1728:, under Maj. Gen. 1678:, and Brig. Gens. 1670:, under Maj. Gen. 1636:Lee's Confederate 1463:, under Maj. Gen. 1426:, under Maj. Gen. 1418:John Wesley Turner 1404:, under Maj. Gen. 1389:George L. Hartsuff 1356:, under Maj. Gen. 1339:Orlando B. Willcox 1333:, under Maj. Gen. 1311:, under Maj. Gen. 1303:Samuel W. Crawford 1289:, under Maj. Gen. 1267:, under Maj. Gen. 1250:Philip H. Sheridan 1240:, under Maj. Gen. 1232:, under Maj. Gen. 1091:Philip H. Sheridan 1020: 926:David Dixon Porter 919: 793:Harrison's Landing 760: 749: 703:Southside Railroad 699:Philip H. Sheridan 668:William T. Sherman 650:Lieutenant General 570:Military situation 551:Joseph E. Johnston 528:Richmond, Virginia 514:Lieutenant General 476:American Civil War 452:Appomattox Station 187:Confederate States 89:Southside Railroad 77:Richmond, Virginia 14129:April 1865 events 14124:March 1865 events 14012: 14011: 13893: 13892: 13886:(2020 miniseries) 13851:Grant High School 13568: 13567: 13350:Korean Expedition 13108: 13107: 13076: 13075: 13072: 13071: 12906:Italian Americans 12891:African Americans 12848:John Brown's Body 12601: 12600: 12597: 12596: 12514: 12513: 12352:Robert E. Lee Day 12096:Freedmen's Bureau 12059:Brooks–Baxter War 11990: 11989: 11986: 11985: 11982: 11981: 11774: 11773: 11554: 11553: 11550: 11549: 11546: 11545: 10963:Northern Virginia 10909:Trans-Mississippi 10882: 10881: 10777: 10776: 10773: 10772: 10669:Uncle Tom's Cabin 10606:African Americans 10442: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10430:Shenandoah Valley 10420:Cumberland Valley 10380: 10379: 10372:Northern Virginia 10312: 10311: 10230: 10229: 10182:Trevilian Station 10100: 10099: 10025: 10024: 9910:Northern Virginia 9871: 9870: 9704:978-1-4696-4972-6 9694:Silkenat, David. 9686:978-1-61121-252-5 9653:978-0-7006-1960-3 9580:Grant, Ulysses S. 9565:978-0-06-089968-4 9550:978-0-253-33738-2 9533:978-0-393-04758-5 9518:978-0-8078-2020-9 9503:978-0-8071-1861-0 9458:978-0-385-15626-4 9443:978-0-8117-2868-3 9416:978-0-19-503863-7 9399:978-0-8078-5703-8 9389:Marvel, William. 9384:978-0-8117-0898-2 9369:978-0-8117-0051-1 9341:. pp. 36–37. 9339:978-0-393-04758-5 9324:978-0-395-74012-5 9309:978-0-938289-28-9 9294:978-0-8078-3282-0 9279:978-0-252-00918-1 9264:978-0-674-01199-1 9249:978-1-57233-610-0 9234:978-0-394-74622-7 9195:978-0-8047-3641-1 9176:978-0-684-84944-7 9159:978-0-15-100564-2 9148:Davis, William C. 9142:978-0-915992-17-1 9127:978-0-938289-54-8 9112:978-0-8203-0815-9 9097:978-1-61121-104-7 9014:978-0-938289-28-9 8975:978-0-06-089968-4 8804:978-0-8047-3641-1 8779:978-0-684-84944-7 8747:978-0-8117-2868-3 8737:Salmon, John S., 8723:978-0-8078-5703-8 8713:Marvel, William. 8699:978-0-938-28954-8 8434:978-0-915992-17-1 8413:978-0-393-04758-5 8136:978-0-8117-0898-2 8110:978-0-684-84944-7 8084:978-0-393-04758-5 8038:978-0-19-503863-7 6463:978-0-316-85328-6 5142:978-0-8117-2868-3 5132:Salmon, John S., 5082:978-0-8078-2020-9 4956:978-0-674-01199-1 4781:978-0-8078-5703-8 4771:Marvel, William. 4660:978-0-15-100564-2 4649:Davis, William C. 4598:978-0-8117-0051-1 4526:978-1-57233-610-0 4482:978-0-394-74622-7 4452:978-0-938-28954-8 4377:978-1-61121-104-7 4365:Bearss, Edward C. 4344:978-0-385-15626-4 4314:978-0-8071-1861-0 4293:978-0-8203-0815-9 4272:978-0-252-00918-1 4230:978-0-253-33738-2 4207:978-0-8078-3282-0 4186:978-1-61121-104-7 4174:Bearss, Edward C. 4168:Wyrick, William. 4145:978-0-938-28954-8 4051:The Longest Night 3992:978-0-9711950-0-4 3899:978-0-395-74012-5 3835:Brigadier General 3392:brigadier general 3299:Dudley M. Du Bose 3287:Joseph B. Kershaw 3203:Thomas T. Munford 3172:Henry E. Davies's 2943:Clinton McDougall 2711:John F. Hartranft 2670:William T. Poague 2418:Horatio G. Wright 2369:reorganize them. 2229:Henry E. Davies's 2205:Thomas T. Munford 2187:who was wounded. 2154:Thomas T. Munford 1969:who was wounded. 1930:George H. Steuart 1859:Alfred L. Pearson 1738:William H. F. Lee 1736:, and Maj. Gens. 1714:, under Lt. Gen. 1692:, under Lt. Gen. 1662:Joseph B. Kershaw 1654:George E. Pickett 1648:, under Lt. Gen. 1634: 1633: 1381:Army of the James 1347:John F. Hartranft 1345:, and Brig. Gen. 1323:, and Brig. Gen. 1238:Army of the James 1226: 1225: 1145:Horatio G. Wright 661:Shenandoah Valley 590:Overland Campaign 580:Overland Campaign 506:Army of the James 496:to forces of the 465: 464: 447:Cumberland Church 344: 343: 285:Army of the James 155: 154: 14156: 14119:1865 in Virginia 14094: 14086: 14085: 14084: 14077: 14069: 14068: 14067: 14057: 14041: 14040: 14039: 14029: 14028: 14027: 14020: 14001: 14000: 13982:← Andrew Johnson 13967:Julia Dent Grant 13913:Jesse Root Grant 13875:Ulysses S. Grant 13856:U.S. Grant Hotel 13740: 13739: 13668:speeding arrests 13641:White Haven home 13560:Page Act of 1875 13533:Ku Klux Klan Act 13518:Enforcement Acts 13323: 13322: 13158: 13142:Ulysses S. Grant 13135: 13128: 13121: 13112: 13111: 13098: 13088: 13087: 12911:Native Americans 12896:German Americans 12689:Partisan rangers 12684:Official Records 12624: 12623: 12607: 12606: 12499:memorials to Lee 12446: 12445: 12007: 12006: 11996: 11995: 11783: 11782: 11580: 11579: 11573: 11572: 11560: 11559: 11533:Washington, D.C. 11327:Indian Territory 11287:Dakota Territory 11245: 11244: 11162:Chancellorsville 10953:Jackson's Valley 10943:Blockade runners 10819: 10818: 10812: 10811: 10783: 10782: 10743:Thaddeus Stevens 10733:Lysander Spooner 10693:Susan B. Anthony 10495: 10494: 10484: 10483: 10469: 10462: 10455: 10446: 10445: 10389: 10388: 10365: 10330: 10329: 10321: 10320: 10241: 10240: 10121:Valley campaigns 10111: 10110: 10087:Chancellorsville 10052:Chancellorsville 10036: 10035: 9985:Savage's Station 9970:Beaver Dam Creek 9898:Jackson's Valley 9882: 9881: 9820:Western Virginia 9805: 9804: 9785: 9778: 9771: 9762: 9761: 9756:Internet Archive 9627:Official Records 9478:Stoker, Donald. 9433:Salmon, John S. 9165:Eicher, David J. 9117:Calkins, Chris. 9081:Bearss, Edwin C. 9062: 9059: 9053: 9050: 9044: 9041: 9035: 9032: 9026: 9025:Calkins, p. 200. 9023: 9017: 9002: 8996: 8993: 8987: 8984: 8978: 8963: 8957: 8954: 8948: 8945: 8939: 8936: 8930: 8927: 8921: 8918: 8912: 8909: 8900: 8897: 8891: 8888: 8882: 8879: 8873: 8870: 8864: 8861: 8852: 8849: 8843: 8840: 8834: 8831: 8825: 8822: 8816: 8813: 8807: 8788: 8782: 8768:Eicher, David J. 8765: 8759: 8756: 8750: 8735: 8726: 8711: 8702: 8689:Calkins, Chris. 8687: 8674: 8671: 8662: 8659: 8653: 8650: 8644: 8641: 8635: 8632: 8621: 8607: 8601: 8598: 8589: 8586: 8580: 8577: 8568: 8565: 8559: 8556: 8547: 8544: 8538: 8535: 8529: 8526: 8515: 8512: 8506: 8503: 8494: 8491: 8485: 8482: 8471: 8468: 8462: 8459: 8446: 8443: 8437: 8422: 8416: 8401: 8395: 8392: 8386: 8383: 8374: 8371: 8365: 8362: 8356: 8353: 8344: 8341: 8328: 8325: 8314: 8299: 8293: 8290: 8281: 8278: 8272: 8269: 8258: 8255: 8236: 8233: 8224: 8221: 8204: 8201: 8192: 8189: 8183: 8180: 8174: 8171: 8160: 8157: 8148: 8145: 8139: 8124: 8113: 8099:Eicher, David J. 8096: 8087: 8072: 8059: 8056: 8050: 8047: 8041: 8024: 8018: 8015: 8006: 8003: 7992: 7989: 7983: 7980: 7974: 7971: 7965: 7962: 7951: 7948: 7942: 7939: 7933: 7930: 7924: 7921: 7915: 7912: 7906: 7903: 7892: 7889: 7864: 7861: 7852: 7849: 7843: 7840: 7834: 7831: 7825: 7822: 7816: 7813: 7807: 7804: 7793: 7790: 7773: 7770: 7749: 7746: 7740: 7737: 7728: 7725: 7712: 7709: 7698: 7695: 7689: 7686: 7673: 7668: 7662: 7655: 7649: 7646: 7640: 7635: 7629: 7626: 7620: 7617: 7611: 7608: 7599: 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5796: 5790: 5787: 5781: 5778: 5772: 5769: 5763: 5760: 5751: 5748: 5742: 5739: 5733: 5730: 5724: 5721: 5715: 5712: 5693: 5690: 5679: 5676: 5670: 5667: 5658: 5655: 5640: 5637: 5631: 5628: 5617: 5614: 5608: 5605: 5594: 5591: 5585: 5582: 5576: 5573: 5564: 5561: 5555: 5552: 5546: 5543: 5537: 5534: 5528: 5525: 5512: 5509: 5503: 5500: 5494: 5491: 5482: 5479: 5473: 5470: 5464: 5461: 5448: 5445: 5439: 5436: 5427: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5409: 5406: 5400: 5397: 5391: 5388: 5379: 5376: 5367: 5364: 5351: 5348: 5331: 5328: 5315: 5312: 5299: 5296: 5285: 5282: 5276: 5273: 5264: 5261: 5248: 5245: 5236: 5233: 5227: 5224: 5215: 5212: 5193: 5190: 5184: 5181: 5172: 5169: 5163: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5145: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5106: 5103: 5094: 5091: 5085: 5070: 5064: 5061: 5055: 5052: 5046: 5043: 5037: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5016: 5013: 5007: 5004: 4995: 4992: 4986: 4983: 4977: 4974: 4968: 4965: 4959: 4944: 4938: 4923: 4917: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4899: 4896: 4890: 4887: 4881: 4878: 4865: 4862: 4856: 4853: 4847: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4829: 4826: 4813: 4810: 4793: 4790: 4784: 4769: 4760: 4757: 4751: 4738: 4732: 4729: 4723: 4720: 4693: 4690: 4684: 4681: 4672: 4669: 4663: 4646: 4640: 4637: 4631: 4628: 4619: 4616: 4610: 4607: 4601: 4586: 4580: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4538: 4535: 4529: 4514: 4503: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4485: 4461: 4455: 4442:Calkins, Chris. 4440: 4434: 4431: 4425: 4422: 4416: 4413: 4407: 4404: 4398: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4380: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4347: 4332: 4326: 4323: 4317: 4302: 4296: 4281: 4275: 4260: 4254: 4241:Stoker, Donald. 4239: 4233: 4216: 4210: 4195: 4189: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4109: 4103: 4093: 4073: 4060: 4054: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4014: 4011: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3976: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3957: 3951: 3943:J. Warren Keifer 3939: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3915: 3908: 3902: 3883: 3877: 3874: 3868: 3865: 3859: 3852: 3846: 3831: 3825: 3818: 3812: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3790: 3779: 3773: 3770: 3764: 3757: 3751: 3740: 3552:Charles Marshall 3544:Charles H. Smith 3517:Charles Marshall 3506:Ulysses S. Grant 3442:John Irvin Gregg 3285:, Major General 3281:, Major General 3279:Richard S. Ewell 3214:Charles H. Smith 3199:Thomas L. Rosser 3004:John A. Campbell 2866:Richard S. Ewell 2853:Appomattox River 2786: 2774: 2762: 2750: 2658:Charles W. Field 2616:Thomas O. Osborn 2601:William R. Cox's 2508:A.P. Hill killed 2486:J. Warren Keifer 2478:Joseph Hamblin's 2449:Charles G. Gould 2197:Thomas L. Rosser 2003:Cadmus M. Wilcox 1926:Montgomery Corse 1922:William R. Terry 1855:Edgar M. Gregory 1753:George W. C. Lee 1749:Richard S. Ewell 1742:Thomas L. Rosser 1684:Clement A. Evans 1658:Charles W. Field 1650:James Longstreet 1619: 1608:Richard S. Ewell 1602: 1585: 1568: 1551: 1534: 1519:James Longstreet 1513: 1498: 1497: 1473:George A. Custer 1343:Robert B. Potter 1242:Edward O. C. Ord 1210: 1192: 1174: 1156: 1138: 1120: 1102: 1084: 1073:Edward O. C. Ord 1066: 1048: 1033: 1032: 1012:Ulysses S. Grant 988:Dinwiddie County 980:Thomas L. Rosser 957:Ranald Mackenzie 832:Appomattox Manor 821:Cadmus M. Wilcox 807:Campaign prelude 687:Appomattox River 653:James Longstreet 600:Grant's strategy 517:Ulysses S. Grant 474:was a series of 382: 380: 370: 363: 356: 347: 346: 306: 293: 283: 273: 257: 248: 238: 229: 220: 213:Thomas M. Harris 211: 204:Ulysses S. Grant 202: 185: 183: 182: 172: 170: 169: 149:on April 9, 1865 125: 124: 122: 121: 120: 115: 111: 108: 107: 106: 103: 58: 57: 46:Ulysses S. Grant 43: 23: 22: 14164: 14163: 14159: 14158: 14157: 14155: 14154: 14153: 14099: 14098: 14097: 14087: 14082: 14080: 14070: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14056:sister projects 14053:at Knowledge's 14047: 14037: 14035: 14025: 14023: 14015: 14013: 14008: 13972: 13969:(granddaughter) 13889: 13860: 13804:Brooklyn relief 13793:The Peacemakers 13738: 13720: 13679: 13609: 13591: 13574:Post-presidency 13564: 13506:Great Sioux War 13467: 13458:Post Office Act 13417: 13410: 13406:Desert Land Act 13364:Economic policy 13359: 13321: 13224: 13164:Military career 13159: 13150: 13144: 13139: 13109: 13104: 13068: 13052: 12937: 12901:Irish Americans 12879: 12824: 12733: 12724:U.S. Home Guard 12664:Field artillery 12618: 12617: 12593: 12535: 12510: 12472: 12441: 12435: 12327:Civil War Trust 12294: 12288: 12176:Ethnic violence 12161:Kirk–Holden war 12040: 12001: 11978: 11912: 11770: 11714: 11567: 11542: 11496: 11249: 11236: 11067: 11048:Sherman's March 11028:Bermuda Hundred 10923: 10878: 10850: 10806: 10805: 10769: 10728:J. Sella Martin 10698:James G. Birney 10674: 10592: 10518:Bleeding Kansas 10506: 10489: 10478: 10473: 10443: 10434: 10408: 10376: 10356: 10324: 10308: 10274:2nd Fort Fisher 10262: 10226: 10197:2nd Deep Bottom 10150: 10133:Bermuda Hundred 10096: 10075: 10021: 9990:White Oak Swamp 9933: 9867: 9843: 9794: 9789: 9713: 9691: 9639: 9637:Further reading 9634: 9575: 9570: 9463:Starr, Steven. 9429:Wayback Machine 9183:David J. Eicher 9076: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9056: 9051: 9047: 9042: 9038: 9033: 9029: 9024: 9020: 9003: 8999: 8994: 8990: 8985: 8981: 8964: 8960: 8955: 8951: 8946: 8942: 8937: 8933: 8928: 8924: 8919: 8915: 8910: 8903: 8898: 8894: 8889: 8885: 8880: 8876: 8871: 8867: 8862: 8855: 8850: 8846: 8841: 8837: 8832: 8828: 8823: 8819: 8814: 8810: 8792:David J. Eicher 8789: 8785: 8766: 8762: 8757: 8753: 8736: 8729: 8712: 8705: 8688: 8677: 8672: 8665: 8660: 8656: 8651: 8647: 8642: 8638: 8633: 8624: 8608: 8604: 8599: 8592: 8587: 8583: 8578: 8571: 8566: 8562: 8557: 8550: 8545: 8541: 8536: 8532: 8527: 8518: 8513: 8509: 8504: 8497: 8492: 8488: 8483: 8474: 8469: 8465: 8460: 8449: 8444: 8440: 8423: 8419: 8402: 8398: 8393: 8389: 8384: 8377: 8372: 8368: 8363: 8359: 8354: 8347: 8342: 8331: 8326: 8317: 8301:Starr, Steven. 8300: 8296: 8291: 8284: 8279: 8275: 8270: 8261: 8256: 8239: 8234: 8227: 8222: 8207: 8202: 8195: 8190: 8186: 8181: 8177: 8172: 8163: 8158: 8151: 8146: 8142: 8125: 8116: 8097: 8090: 8073: 8062: 8057: 8053: 8048: 8044: 8025: 8021: 8016: 8009: 8004: 7995: 7990: 7986: 7981: 7977: 7972: 7968: 7963: 7954: 7949: 7945: 7940: 7936: 7931: 7927: 7922: 7918: 7913: 7909: 7904: 7895: 7890: 7867: 7862: 7855: 7850: 7846: 7841: 7837: 7832: 7828: 7823: 7819: 7814: 7810: 7805: 7796: 7791: 7776: 7771: 7752: 7747: 7743: 7738: 7731: 7726: 7715: 7710: 7701: 7696: 7692: 7687: 7676: 7669: 7665: 7656: 7652: 7647: 7643: 7636: 7632: 7627: 7623: 7618: 7614: 7609: 7602: 7597: 7593: 7588: 7584: 7579: 7570: 7565: 7554: 7549: 7540: 7535: 7522: 7517: 7513: 7508: 7504: 7499: 7495: 7490: 7486: 7481: 7474: 7469: 7465: 7460: 7456: 7451: 7444: 7439: 7435: 7430: 7426: 7421: 7417: 7412: 7408: 7403: 7396: 7391: 7380: 7375: 7368: 7363: 7359: 7354: 7347: 7342: 7338: 7333: 7329: 7324: 7320: 7315: 7306: 7301: 7297: 7292: 7285: 7280: 7265: 7260: 7253: 7248: 7244: 7239: 7224: 7219: 7215: 7210: 7206: 7201: 7194: 7189: 7185: 7180: 7173: 7168: 7161: 7156: 7152: 7147: 7143: 7138: 7134: 7129: 7125: 7120: 7111: 7106: 7093: 7088: 7084: 7079: 7075: 7070: 7066: 7061: 7057: 7052: 7048: 7043: 7039: 7034: 7027: 7022: 7018: 7013: 6996: 6991: 6987: 6982: 6975: 6970: 6966: 6961: 6954: 6949: 6945: 6940: 6911: 6906: 6902: 6897: 6893: 6888: 6884: 6879: 6875: 6870: 6866: 6861: 6854: 6849: 6845: 6840: 6831: 6826: 6822: 6817: 6813: 6808: 6804: 6799: 6795: 6790: 6786: 6781: 6770: 6765: 6754: 6749: 6745: 6740: 6725: 6720: 6716: 6711: 6704: 6699: 6695: 6690: 6686: 6681: 6677: 6672: 6668: 6663: 6659: 6654: 6650: 6645: 6634: 6629: 6625: 6620: 6616: 6611: 6604: 6599: 6595: 6590: 6586: 6581: 6577: 6572: 6568: 6563: 6559: 6554: 6550: 6545: 6541: 6536: 6532: 6527: 6523: 6518: 6514: 6509: 6505: 6500: 6496: 6491: 6487: 6482: 6478: 6473: 6469: 6452: 6448: 6443: 6439: 6434: 6430: 6425: 6421: 6416: 6412: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6394: 6389: 6385: 6380: 6376: 6371: 6367: 6362: 6358: 6353: 6349: 6344: 6337: 6332: 6328: 6323: 6319: 6314: 6310: 6305: 6301: 6296: 6292: 6287: 6283: 6278: 6271: 6266: 6262: 6257: 6253: 6248: 6244: 6239: 6235: 6230: 6223: 6218: 6214: 6209: 6198: 6193: 6189: 6184: 6180: 6175: 6171: 6166: 6157: 6152: 6148: 6143: 6136: 6131: 6118: 6113: 6109: 6104: 6091: 6086: 6082: 6077: 6073: 6068: 6064: 6059: 6055: 6050: 6043: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6025: 6020: 6016: 6011: 6004: 5999: 5995: 5990: 5986: 5981: 5977: 5972: 5968: 5963: 5954: 5949: 5945: 5940: 5936: 5931: 5927: 5922: 5911: 5887: 5883: 5878: 5874: 5869: 5865: 5860: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5816: 5811: 5802: 5797: 5793: 5788: 5784: 5779: 5775: 5770: 5766: 5761: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5740: 5736: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5713: 5696: 5691: 5682: 5677: 5673: 5668: 5661: 5656: 5643: 5638: 5634: 5629: 5620: 5615: 5611: 5606: 5597: 5592: 5588: 5583: 5579: 5574: 5567: 5562: 5558: 5553: 5549: 5544: 5540: 5535: 5531: 5526: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5497: 5492: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5471: 5467: 5462: 5451: 5446: 5442: 5437: 5430: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5412: 5407: 5403: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5382: 5377: 5370: 5365: 5354: 5349: 5334: 5329: 5318: 5313: 5302: 5297: 5288: 5283: 5279: 5274: 5267: 5262: 5251: 5246: 5239: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5218: 5213: 5196: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5175: 5170: 5166: 5161: 5157: 5152: 5148: 5131: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5113: 5109: 5104: 5097: 5092: 5088: 5071: 5067: 5062: 5058: 5053: 5049: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5031: 5026: 5019: 5014: 5010: 5005: 4998: 4993: 4989: 4984: 4980: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4962: 4945: 4941: 4924: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4854: 4850: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4816: 4811: 4796: 4791: 4787: 4770: 4763: 4758: 4754: 4748:Wayback Machine 4739: 4735: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4682: 4675: 4670: 4666: 4647: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4622: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4604: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4515: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4462: 4458: 4441: 4437: 4432: 4428: 4423: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4396: 4392: 4387: 4383: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4350: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4303: 4299: 4282: 4278: 4261: 4257: 4240: 4236: 4217: 4213: 4196: 4192: 4188:. pp. 241, 245. 4172:. Chapter 4 in 4167: 4163: 4155: 4151: 4138: 4134: 4126: 4122: 4110: 4106: 4094: 4085: 4081: 4076: 4070:Wayback Machine 4061: 4057: 4048: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4002: 3998: 3977: 3973: 3967: 3963: 3958: 3954: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3909: 3905: 3885:Lowe, David W. 3884: 3880: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3862: 3853: 3849: 3832: 3828: 3819: 3815: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3767: 3758: 3754: 3744:Russell Weigley 3741: 3737: 3733: 3691: 3653: 3581: 3487: 3477: 3465:Abraham Lincoln 3456: 3450: 3438:Thomas A. Smyth 3422: 3416: 3404: 3372: 3365: 3359: 3329: 3323: 3246: 3240: 3168: 3162: 3130: 3101: 3089:Bushrod Johnson 3073:Rufus Barringer 3047:Rufus Barringer 3039: 3033: 3028: 2995: 2986:Godfrey Weitzel 2967: 2947:Robert Nugent's 2939:Henry J. Madill 2888:Nelson A. Miles 2880: 2874: 2855:and meet up at 2848: 2840: 2801: 2794: 2791:Thomas C. Roche 2787: 2778: 2775: 2766: 2763: 2754: 2751: 2686: 2666: 2575: 2563:John R. Cooke's 2542: 2510: 2501:John G. Barnard 2458:James M. Warner 2429:George W. Getty 2410: 2397: 2391: 2366:acoustic shadow 2308:Philip Sheridan 2300: 2294: 2246:John I. Gregg's 2124: 2118: 2078:Charles Griffin 2056:Romeyn B. Ayres 2052: 2046: 2030:Romeyn B. Ayres 1988:Godfrey Weitzel 1979: 1884: 1879: 1846:Bushrod Johnson 1805:Charles Griffin 1803:Major General) 1788: 1782: 1769: 1767:Union offensive 1720:Bushrod Johnson 1680:James A. Walker 1628: 1627: 1620: 1611: 1610: 1603: 1594: 1593: 1586: 1577: 1576: 1569: 1560: 1559: 1552: 1543: 1542: 1535: 1526: 1525: 1514: 1496: 1490: 1469:Thomas C. Devin 1447:Samuel P. Spear 1434:and Brig. Gen. 1432:August V. Kautz 1428:Godfrey Weitzel 1362:Henry E. Davies 1321:George W. Getty 1299:Romeyn B. Ayres 1295:Charles Griffin 1273:Nelson A. Miles 1220: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1202: 1201: 1199:Godfrey Weitzel 1197: 1193: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1166: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1076: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1058: 1057: 1055:George G. Meade 1053: 1049: 1031: 1025: 1001: 999:Opposing forces 945:Godfrey Weitzel 907:The Peacemakers 899: 865: 856: 840:George G. Meade 817: 809: 738: 732: 695: 638: 617: 611: 602: 586: 572: 567: 468: 467: 466: 461: 422:Namozine Church 383: 378: 376: 374: 240:Philip Sheridan 233: 224: 222:George G. Meade 215: 206: 180: 178: 167: 165: 118: 116: 112: 109: 104: 101: 99: 97: 96: 95: 65: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14162: 14152: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14096: 14095: 14078: 14049: 14046: 14045: 14033: 14010: 14009: 14007: 14006: 13993: 13992: 13985: 13977: 13974: 13973: 13971: 13970: 13964: 13958: 13952: 13946: 13940: 13934: 13928: 13922: 13916: 13910: 13903: 13901: 13895: 13894: 13891: 13890: 13888: 13887: 13879: 13870: 13868: 13862: 13861: 13859: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13847: 13846: 13841: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13809:Chicago statue 13806: 13801: 13796: 13789: 13784: 13783: 13782: 13772: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13752:Grant Memorial 13748: 13746: 13737: 13736: 13730: 13728: 13722: 13721: 13719: 13718: 13717: 13716: 13711: 13703: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13687: 13685: 13681: 13680: 13678: 13677: 13672: 13671: 13670: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13649: 13648: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13617: 13615: 13611: 13610: 13608: 13607: 13599: 13597: 13593: 13592: 13590: 13589: 13584: 13578: 13576: 13570: 13569: 13566: 13565: 13563: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13536: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13515: 13514: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13496:"Peace Policy" 13488: 13487: 13486: 13479:Reconstruction 13475: 13473: 13469: 13468: 13466: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13454: 13453: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13422: 13420: 13412: 13411: 13409: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13367: 13365: 13361: 13360: 13358: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13346: 13345: 13331: 13329: 13327:Foreign policy 13320: 13319: 13318: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13256: 13255: 13245: 13240: 13234: 13232: 13226: 13225: 13223: 13222: 13217: 13216: 13215: 13214: 13213: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13183: 13178: 13167: 13165: 13161: 13160: 13149: 13146: 13145: 13138: 13137: 13130: 13123: 13115: 13106: 13105: 13103: 13102: 13092: 13081: 13078: 13077: 13074: 13073: 13070: 13069: 13067: 13066: 13060: 13058: 13054: 13053: 13051: 13050: 13048:Women soldiers 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13003:Naming the war 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12984: 12983: 12973: 12972: 12971: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12945: 12943: 12939: 12938: 12936: 12935: 12934: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12908: 12903: 12898: 12893: 12887: 12885: 12881: 12880: 12878: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12834: 12832: 12826: 12825: 12823: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12741: 12739: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12639:Campaign Medal 12636: 12630: 12628: 12620: 12619: 12616: 12615: 12614:Related topics 12611: 12603: 12602: 12599: 12598: 12595: 12594: 12592: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12543: 12541: 12537: 12536: 12534: 12533: 12528: 12522: 12520: 12516: 12515: 12512: 12511: 12509: 12508: 12503: 12502: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12480: 12478: 12474: 12473: 12471: 12470: 12469: 12468: 12463: 12452: 12450: 12443: 12437: 12436: 12434: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12377: 12376: 12371: 12361: 12356: 12355: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12342:Decoration Day 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12298: 12296: 12295:Reconstruction 12290: 12289: 12287: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12275: 12274: 12264: 12259: 12254: 12253: 12252: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12231: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12205: 12204: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12183: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12157: 12156: 12151: 12149:second inquiry 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12121: 12120: 12119: 12113: 12106:Homestead Acts 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12087: 12086: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12054:Alabama Claims 12050: 12048: 12046:Reconstruction 12042: 12041: 12039: 12038: 12037: 12036: 12034:15th Amendment 12031: 12029:14th Amendment 12026: 12024:13th Amendment 12015: 12013: 12003: 12002: 11992: 11991: 11988: 11987: 11984: 11983: 11980: 11979: 11977: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11920: 11918: 11914: 11913: 11911: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11789: 11787: 11780: 11776: 11775: 11772: 11771: 11769: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11722: 11720: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11655:J. E. Johnston 11652: 11650:A. S. Johnston 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11590:R. H. Anderson 11586: 11584: 11577: 11569: 11568: 11556: 11555: 11552: 11551: 11548: 11547: 11544: 11543: 11541: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11504: 11502: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11452:South Carolina 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11427:North Carolina 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11253: 11251: 11242: 11238: 11237: 11235: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11152:Fredericksburg 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11092:Wilson's Creek 11089: 11084: 11078: 11076: 11069: 11068: 11066: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10934: 10932: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10904:Lower Seaboard 10901: 10896: 10890: 10888: 10884: 10883: 10880: 10879: 10877: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10860: 10858: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10827: 10825: 10816: 10808: 10807: 10804: 10803: 10800: 10797: 10794: 10791: 10787: 10779: 10778: 10775: 10774: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10767: 10762: 10760:Harriet Tubman 10757: 10756: 10755: 10748:Charles Sumner 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10684: 10682: 10676: 10675: 10673: 10672: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10602: 10600: 10594: 10593: 10591: 10590: 10585: 10583:States' rights 10580: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10509: 10507: 10505: 10504: 10498: 10491: 10490: 10480: 10479: 10472: 10471: 10464: 10457: 10449: 10440: 10439: 10436: 10435: 10433: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10416: 10414: 10410: 10409: 10407: 10406: 10401: 10395: 10393: 10386: 10382: 10381: 10378: 10377: 10375: 10374: 10368: 10366: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10333: 10331: 10318: 10314: 10313: 10310: 10309: 10307: 10306: 10301: 10299:Sailor's Creek 10296: 10294:3rd Petersburg 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10270: 10268: 10264: 10263: 10261: 10260: 10254: 10247: 10245: 10238: 10232: 10231: 10228: 10227: 10225: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10212:Chaffin's Farm 10209: 10207:3rd Winchester 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10187:2nd Petersburg 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10158: 10156: 10152: 10151: 10149: 10148: 10147:(Jun–Mar 1865) 10142: 10136: 10130: 10124: 10117: 10115: 10108: 10102: 10101: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10094: 10089: 10083: 10081: 10077: 10076: 10074: 10073: 10067: 10061: 10055: 10049: 10042: 10040: 10033: 10027: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10020: 10019: 10017:Fredericksburg 10014: 10009: 10004: 10003: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9941: 9939: 9935: 9934: 9932: 9931: 9925: 9922:Fredericksburg 9919: 9913: 9907: 9901: 9895: 9888: 9886: 9879: 9873: 9872: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9865: 9860: 9854: 9852: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9841: 9838: 9832: 9829: 9823: 9817: 9813: 9811: 9802: 9796: 9795: 9788: 9787: 9780: 9773: 9765: 9759: 9758: 9749: 9740: 9730: 9729: 9725: 9724: 9718: 9717: 9712: 9711:External links 9709: 9708: 9707: 9690: 9689: 9674: 9656: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9632: 9615: 9596: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9568: 9553: 9536: 9521: 9506: 9491: 9476: 9461: 9446: 9431: 9419: 9402: 9387: 9372: 9357: 9342: 9327: 9312: 9311:. p. 220. 9297: 9284:Hess, Earl J. 9282: 9267: 9266:. p. 197. 9252: 9237: 9213: 9198: 9179: 9162: 9145: 9132:Davis, Burke. 9130: 9115: 9100: 9077: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9063: 9054: 9045: 9036: 9034:Marvel, p. xi. 9027: 9018: 8997: 8988: 8979: 8958: 8949: 8940: 8931: 8922: 8913: 8901: 8892: 8883: 8874: 8865: 8853: 8844: 8835: 8826: 8817: 8808: 8783: 8760: 8751: 8727: 8703: 8675: 8663: 8654: 8645: 8636: 8622: 8611:David D. White 8602: 8590: 8581: 8569: 8560: 8548: 8539: 8530: 8516: 8507: 8495: 8486: 8472: 8463: 8447: 8438: 8424:Davis, Burke. 8417: 8396: 8387: 8375: 8366: 8357: 8345: 8329: 8315: 8294: 8282: 8273: 8259: 8237: 8225: 8205: 8193: 8184: 8175: 8161: 8149: 8140: 8114: 8088: 8060: 8051: 8042: 8019: 8007: 7993: 7984: 7975: 7966: 7952: 7943: 7934: 7925: 7916: 7907: 7893: 7865: 7853: 7844: 7835: 7826: 7817: 7808: 7794: 7774: 7750: 7741: 7729: 7713: 7699: 7690: 7674: 7663: 7650: 7641: 7630: 7621: 7612: 7600: 7591: 7582: 7568: 7552: 7538: 7520: 7511: 7502: 7493: 7484: 7472: 7463: 7454: 7442: 7433: 7424: 7415: 7406: 7394: 7378: 7366: 7357: 7345: 7336: 7327: 7318: 7304: 7295: 7283: 7263: 7251: 7242: 7222: 7213: 7204: 7192: 7183: 7171: 7159: 7150: 7141: 7132: 7123: 7109: 7091: 7082: 7073: 7064: 7055: 7046: 7037: 7025: 7016: 6994: 6985: 6973: 6964: 6952: 6943: 6909: 6900: 6891: 6882: 6873: 6864: 6852: 6843: 6829: 6820: 6811: 6802: 6793: 6784: 6768: 6752: 6743: 6723: 6714: 6702: 6693: 6684: 6675: 6666: 6657: 6648: 6632: 6623: 6614: 6602: 6593: 6584: 6575: 6566: 6557: 6548: 6539: 6530: 6521: 6512: 6503: 6494: 6485: 6476: 6467: 6446: 6437: 6428: 6419: 6410: 6401: 6392: 6383: 6374: 6365: 6356: 6347: 6335: 6326: 6317: 6308: 6299: 6290: 6281: 6269: 6260: 6251: 6242: 6233: 6221: 6212: 6196: 6187: 6178: 6169: 6155: 6146: 6134: 6116: 6107: 6089: 6080: 6071: 6062: 6053: 6041: 6032: 6023: 6014: 6002: 5993: 5984: 5975: 5966: 5952: 5943: 5934: 5925: 5909: 5881: 5872: 5863: 5854: 5845: 5836: 5814: 5800: 5791: 5782: 5773: 5764: 5752: 5743: 5734: 5725: 5716: 5694: 5680: 5671: 5659: 5641: 5632: 5618: 5609: 5595: 5586: 5577: 5565: 5556: 5547: 5538: 5529: 5513: 5504: 5495: 5483: 5474: 5465: 5449: 5440: 5428: 5419: 5410: 5401: 5392: 5380: 5368: 5352: 5332: 5316: 5300: 5286: 5277: 5265: 5249: 5237: 5228: 5216: 5194: 5185: 5173: 5164: 5155: 5146: 5125: 5116: 5107: 5095: 5086: 5065: 5056: 5047: 5038: 5029: 5017: 5008: 4996: 4987: 4978: 4969: 4960: 4939: 4918: 4909: 4900: 4891: 4882: 4866: 4857: 4848: 4839: 4830: 4814: 4794: 4785: 4761: 4752: 4733: 4724: 4694: 4685: 4673: 4664: 4641: 4632: 4620: 4611: 4602: 4581: 4572: 4563: 4539: 4530: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4456: 4435: 4426: 4417: 4408: 4399: 4390: 4381: 4379:. pp. 166–167. 4357: 4348: 4327: 4318: 4297: 4295:. pp. 331–332. 4276: 4255: 4234: 4211: 4197:Hess, Earl J. 4190: 4161: 4149: 4132: 4120: 4104: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4074: 4055: 4042: 4033: 4024: 4015: 4006: 3996: 3971: 3961: 3952: 3934: 3925: 3916: 3903: 3887:White Oak Road 3878: 3869: 3860: 3847: 3842:Thomas W. Hyde 3838:Lewis A. Grant 3826: 3813: 3800: 3791: 3774: 3765: 3752: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3690: 3687: 3652: 3649: 3580: 3577: 3476: 3473: 3449: 3446: 3415: 3412: 3403: 3400: 3358: 3355: 3322: 3319: 3295:James P. Simms 3291:Seth M. Barton 3267:Horatio Wright 3239: 3236: 3210:J. Irvin Gregg 3161: 3158: 3129: 3126: 3100: 3097: 3085:Medal of Honor 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 2994: 2991: 2966: 2963: 2873: 2870: 2847: 2844: 2839: 2836: 2807:Major General 2800: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2788: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2745: 2731:John I. Curtin 2691:William Mahone 2685: 2682: 2665: 2662: 2592:Major General 2581:Major General 2574: 2571: 2551:John W. Turner 2541: 2538: 2509: 2506: 2465:Oliver Edwards 2437:Truman Seymour 2416:Major General 2409: 2406: 2390: 2387: 2339:Major General 2328:Major General 2319:George Pickett 2317:Major General 2306:Major General 2293: 2290: 2271:Robert M. Mayo 2263:Henry Capehart 2117: 2114: 2094:Nelson Miles's 2060:Samuel McGowan 2045: 2042: 1978: 1975: 1943:William Pegram 1914:Nottoway River 1906:Wesley Merritt 1883: 1880: 1878: 1877:March 30, 1865 1875: 1863:Medal of Honor 1781: 1778: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1756: 1745: 1734:Thomas Munford 1723: 1709: 1698:William Mahone 1687: 1672:John B. Gordon 1665: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1622: 1621: 1614: 1612: 1605: 1604: 1597: 1595: 1588: 1587: 1580: 1578: 1571: 1570: 1563: 1561: 1554: 1553: 1546: 1544: 1540:John B. Gordon 1537: 1536: 1529: 1527: 1516: 1515: 1508: 1503: 1502: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1465:Wesley Merritt 1458: 1450: 1441:Cavalry under 1439: 1436:William Birney 1421: 1414:Charles Devens 1399: 1397:Joseph B. Carr 1393:Edward Ferrero 1385: 1377: 1352:2nd Division, 1350: 1328: 1325:Truman Seymour 1313:Horatio Wright 1306: 1284: 1262: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1217:Wesley Merritt 1213: 1212: 1205: 1203: 1195: 1194: 1187: 1185: 1177: 1176: 1169: 1167: 1159: 1158: 1151: 1149: 1141: 1140: 1133: 1131: 1123: 1122: 1115: 1113: 1105: 1104: 1097: 1095: 1087: 1086: 1079: 1077: 1069: 1068: 1061: 1059: 1051: 1050: 1043: 1038: 1037: 1024: 1021: 1000: 997: 898: 897:March 28, 1865 895: 864: 863:March 27, 1865 861: 855: 852: 816: 815:March 26, 1865 813: 808: 805: 755:Major General 746:John B. Gordon 744:Major General 731: 728: 694: 691: 682:John B. Gordon 637: 634: 610: 607: 601: 598: 571: 568: 566: 563: 547:North Carolina 463: 462: 460: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 437:Sailor's Creek 434: 432:Rice's Station 429: 427:Amelia Springs 424: 419: 414: 412:3rd Petersburg 409: 404: 399: 397:White Oak Road 394: 388: 385: 384: 373: 372: 365: 358: 350: 342: 341: 334: 330: 329: 325: 324: 321: 317: 316: 312: 311: 310: 299: 298: 297: 287: 277: 264: 263: 262:Units involved 259: 258: 242: 195: 194: 190: 189: 176: 162: 161: 157: 156: 153: 152: 151: 150: 131: 127: 126: 74: 72: 68: 67: 62: 54: 53: 36: 35: 28: 27: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14161: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14093:from Wikidata 14092: 14091: 14079: 14075: 14074: 14062: 14061: 14058: 14052: 14044: 14034: 14032: 14022: 14021: 14018: 14005: 14004: 13995: 13994: 13991: 13990: 13986: 13984: 13983: 13979: 13978: 13975: 13968: 13965: 13962: 13959: 13956: 13955:Chapman Grant 13953: 13950: 13947: 13944: 13941: 13938: 13935: 13932: 13929: 13926: 13923: 13920: 13917: 13914: 13911: 13908: 13905: 13904: 13902: 13900: 13896: 13885: 13884: 13880: 13877: 13876: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13867: 13863: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13836: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13794: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13781: 13778: 13777: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13769: 13768:General Grant 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13749: 13747: 13745: 13741: 13735: 13732: 13731: 13729: 13727: 13723: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13706: 13704: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13691: 13689: 13688: 13686: 13682: 13676: 13673: 13669: 13666: 13665: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13618: 13616: 13612: 13606: 13605: 13601: 13600: 13598: 13594: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13579: 13577: 13575: 13571: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13520: 13519: 13516: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13493: 13492: 13489: 13485: 13482: 13481: 13480: 13477: 13476: 13474: 13472:Social policy 13470: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13452: 13449: 13448: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13423: 13421: 13419: 13413: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13368: 13366: 13362: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13344: 13342: 13338: 13337: 13336: 13333: 13332: 13330: 13328: 13324: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13277: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13254: 13251: 13250: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13235: 13233: 13231: 13227: 13221: 13218: 13212: 13209: 13208: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13192: 13189: 13187: 13184: 13182: 13179: 13177: 13176:Fort Donelson 13174: 13173: 13172: 13169: 13168: 13166: 13162: 13156: 13153: 13147: 13143: 13136: 13131: 13129: 13124: 13122: 13117: 13116: 13113: 13101: 13097: 13093: 13091: 13083: 13082: 13079: 13065: 13062: 13061: 13059: 13055: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13018:Photographers 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12993:Gender issues 12991: 12989: 12986: 12982: 12979: 12978: 12977: 12974: 12970: 12967: 12966: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12946: 12944: 12940: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12913: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12897: 12894: 12892: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12882: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12855: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12835: 12833: 12831: 12827: 12821: 12820:War Democrats 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12810:Union Leagues 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12736: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12709:Turning point 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12679:Naval battles 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12631: 12629: 12625: 12621: 12613: 12612: 12608: 12604: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12564: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12544: 12542: 12538: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12523: 12521: 12517: 12507: 12504: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12486: 12485: 12482: 12481: 12479: 12475: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12458: 12457: 12454: 12453: 12451: 12447: 12444: 12442:and memorials 12438: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12366: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12304: 12303: 12302:Commemoration 12300: 12299: 12297: 12291: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12273: 12270: 12269: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12251: 12248: 12247: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12210: 12209: 12206: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12178: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12144:first inquiry 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12126: 12125: 12122: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12108: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12085: 12082: 12081: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12064:Carpetbaggers 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12051: 12049: 12047: 12043: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12021: 12020: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12012: 12008: 12004: 11997: 11993: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11915: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11784: 11781: 11777: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11723: 11721: 11717: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11587: 11585: 11581: 11578: 11574: 11570: 11566: 11561: 11557: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11505: 11503: 11499: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11487:West Virginia 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11407:New Hampshire 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11367:Massachusetts 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11254: 11252: 11246: 11243: 11239: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11107:Hampton Roads 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11097:Fort Donelson 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11079: 11077: 11075: 11070: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10993:Morgan's Raid 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10938:Anaconda Plan 10936: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10926: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10914:Pacific Coast 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10891: 10889: 10885: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10857: 10853: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10828: 10826: 10824: 10820: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10801: 10798: 10795: 10792: 10789: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10754: 10751: 10750: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10681: 10677: 10671: 10670: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10648:Positive good 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10623: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10603: 10601: 10599: 10595: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10563:Panic of 1857 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10523:Border states 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10503: 10500: 10499: 10496: 10492: 10485: 10481: 10477: 10470: 10465: 10463: 10458: 10456: 10451: 10450: 10447: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10417: 10415: 10411: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10390: 10387: 10383: 10373: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10359: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10328: 10322: 10319: 10315: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10271: 10269: 10267:Major battles 10265: 10258: 10255: 10252: 10249: 10248: 10246: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10233: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10155:Major battles 10153: 10146: 10143: 10140: 10137: 10134: 10131: 10128: 10125: 10122: 10119: 10118: 10116: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10103: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10084: 10082: 10080:Major battles 10078: 10071: 10068: 10065: 10062: 10059: 10056: 10053: 10050: 10047: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10028: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9962: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9945:Hampton Roads 9943: 9942: 9940: 9938:Major battles 9936: 9929: 9926: 9923: 9920: 9917: 9914: 9911: 9908: 9905: 9902: 9899: 9896: 9893: 9890: 9889: 9887: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9874: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9846: 9839: 9836: 9833: 9830: 9827: 9824: 9821: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9786: 9781: 9779: 9774: 9772: 9767: 9766: 9763: 9757: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9744: 9741: 9738: 9735: 9732: 9731: 9727: 9726: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9715: 9714: 9705: 9701: 9697: 9693: 9692: 9687: 9683: 9679: 9675: 9672: 9671:0-385-04451-8 9668: 9664: 9660: 9659:Catton, Bruce 9657: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9641: 9630: 9628: 9622: 9621: 9616: 9613: 9612:1-58218-185-3 9609: 9605: 9604: 9600: 9597: 9594: 9593:0-914427-67-9 9590: 9586: 9585: 9581: 9578: 9577: 9566: 9562: 9558: 9554: 9551: 9547: 9543: 9540: 9537: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9504: 9500: 9496: 9492: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9474: 9473:9780807132920 9470: 9466: 9462: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9444: 9440: 9436: 9432: 9430: 9426: 9423: 9420: 9417: 9413: 9409: 9406: 9403: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9355: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9325: 9321: 9317: 9313: 9310: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9265: 9261: 9257: 9253: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9222: 9217: 9216:Foote, Shelby 9214: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9180: 9177: 9173: 9169: 9166: 9163: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9149: 9146: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9075: 9058: 9049: 9040: 9031: 9022: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9001: 8992: 8983: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8962: 8953: 8944: 8935: 8926: 8917: 8908: 8906: 8896: 8887: 8878: 8869: 8860: 8858: 8848: 8839: 8830: 8821: 8812: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8793: 8787: 8780: 8776: 8772: 8769: 8764: 8755: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8734: 8732: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8710: 8708: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8680: 8670: 8668: 8658: 8649: 8640: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8606: 8597: 8595: 8585: 8576: 8574: 8564: 8555: 8553: 8543: 8534: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8511: 8502: 8500: 8490: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8467: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8442: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8421: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8400: 8391: 8382: 8380: 8370: 8361: 8352: 8350: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8312: 8311:9780807132920 8308: 8304: 8298: 8289: 8287: 8277: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8254: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8244: 8242: 8232: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8200: 8198: 8188: 8179: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8156: 8154: 8144: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8100: 8095: 8093: 8085: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8065: 8055: 8046: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8028: 8023: 8014: 8012: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7988: 7979: 7970: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7947: 7938: 7929: 7920: 7911: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7860: 7858: 7848: 7839: 7830: 7821: 7812: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7745: 7736: 7734: 7724: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7694: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7672: 7667: 7660: 7654: 7645: 7639: 7634: 7625: 7616: 7607: 7605: 7595: 7586: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7515: 7506: 7497: 7488: 7479: 7477: 7467: 7458: 7449: 7447: 7437: 7428: 7419: 7410: 7401: 7399: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7383: 7373: 7371: 7361: 7352: 7350: 7340: 7331: 7322: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7299: 7290: 7288: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7258: 7256: 7246: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7217: 7208: 7199: 7197: 7187: 7178: 7176: 7166: 7164: 7154: 7145: 7136: 7127: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7086: 7077: 7068: 7059: 7050: 7041: 7032: 7030: 7020: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6989: 6980: 6978: 6968: 6959: 6957: 6947: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6904: 6895: 6886: 6877: 6868: 6859: 6857: 6847: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6824: 6815: 6806: 6797: 6788: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6773: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6747: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6718: 6709: 6707: 6697: 6688: 6679: 6670: 6661: 6652: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6627: 6618: 6609: 6607: 6597: 6588: 6579: 6570: 6561: 6552: 6543: 6534: 6525: 6516: 6507: 6498: 6489: 6480: 6471: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6450: 6441: 6432: 6423: 6414: 6405: 6396: 6387: 6378: 6369: 6360: 6351: 6342: 6340: 6330: 6321: 6312: 6303: 6294: 6285: 6276: 6274: 6264: 6255: 6246: 6237: 6228: 6226: 6216: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6191: 6182: 6173: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6150: 6141: 6139: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6111: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6084: 6075: 6066: 6057: 6048: 6046: 6036: 6027: 6018: 6009: 6007: 5997: 5988: 5979: 5970: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5947: 5938: 5929: 5920: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5892: 5885: 5876: 5867: 5858: 5849: 5840: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5795: 5786: 5777: 5768: 5759: 5757: 5747: 5738: 5729: 5720: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5675: 5666: 5664: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5636: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5613: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5590: 5581: 5572: 5570: 5560: 5551: 5542: 5533: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5508: 5499: 5490: 5488: 5478: 5469: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5444: 5435: 5433: 5423: 5414: 5405: 5396: 5387: 5385: 5375: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5281: 5272: 5270: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5232: 5223: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5189: 5180: 5178: 5168: 5159: 5150: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5120: 5111: 5102: 5100: 5090: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5060: 5051: 5042: 5033: 5024: 5022: 5012: 5003: 5001: 4991: 4982: 4973: 4964: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4943: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4922: 4913: 4904: 4895: 4886: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4861: 4852: 4843: 4834: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4789: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4768: 4766: 4756: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4737: 4728: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4689: 4680: 4678: 4668: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4645: 4636: 4627: 4625: 4615: 4606: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4576: 4567: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4534: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4499: 4490: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4464:Foote, Shelby 4460: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4430: 4421: 4412: 4403: 4394: 4385: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4361: 4352: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4331: 4322: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4259: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4220: 4215: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4117: 4116:pp. 1267–1276 4113: 4108: 4101: 4097: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4083: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4063:NPS campaigns 4059: 4052: 4046: 4037: 4028: 4019: 4010: 4000: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3965: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3938: 3929: 3920: 3913: 3907: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3873: 3864: 3857: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3830: 3823: 3817: 3809: 3804: 3795: 3788: 3784: 3778: 3769: 3762: 3756: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3735: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3658: 3648: 3642:, 1937 Issue. 3641: 3637: 3632: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3585: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3569:Ely S. Parker 3563: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3547: 3545: 3535: 3529: 3528:Robert E. Lee 3524: 3518: 3513: 3507: 3502: 3496: 3495:Ely S. Parker 3491: 3486: 3482: 3472: 3468: 3466: 3461: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3388:James Dearing 3385: 3384:Theodore Read 3376: 3369: 3364: 3354: 3352: 3347: 3345: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3318: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3245: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3187: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3147: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3125: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3105: 3096: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3065:William Wells 3059: 3058:Thomas Custer 3054: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3019: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2975: 2971: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2932: 2931:John R. Cooke 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2907: 2900: 2899:John R. Cooke 2895: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2843: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2824: 2820: 2818: 2810: 2805: 2792: 2785: 2780: 2773: 2768: 2761: 2756: 2749: 2744: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2726:Philip Cook's 2722: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2681: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2595: 2590: 2584: 2583:Cadmus Wilcox 2579: 2570: 2566: 2564: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2519: 2514: 2505: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2433:Frank Wheaton 2430: 2425: 2419: 2414: 2401: 2396: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2362: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2342: 2337: 2331: 2326: 2320: 2315: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2272: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2254: 2250: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2216: 2214: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2155: 2150: 2144: 2139: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2070: 2068: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1983: 1974: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1915: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1830:Henry A. Wise 1828: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1773: 1761: 1760:Henry A. Wise 1757: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1726:Cavalry Corps 1724: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1706:Cadmus Wilcox 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1626: 1625:Henry A. Wise 1618: 1613: 1609: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1584: 1579: 1575: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1512: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1461:Cavalry Corps 1459: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366:John I. Gregg 1363: 1359: 1355: 1354:Cavalry Corps 1351: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1335:John G. Parke 1332: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1317:Frank Wheaton 1314: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1275:, Brig. Gen. 1274: 1270: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1218: 1209: 1204: 1200: 1191: 1186: 1182: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1163:John G. Parke 1155: 1150: 1146: 1137: 1132: 1128: 1119: 1114: 1110: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1083: 1078: 1074: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1047: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1017: 1016:Robert E. Lee 1013: 1009: 1005: 996: 993: 992:Martin Gary's 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 964: 960: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 933: 931: 927: 924: 917: 913: 909: 908: 903: 894: 892: 886: 882: 878: 876: 872: 871: 860: 851: 849: 846: 841: 837: 833: 829: 824: 822: 812: 804: 802: 798: 794: 789: 786: 781: 779: 775: 770: 769:John G. Parke 766: 758: 757:John G. Parke 753: 747: 742: 737: 727: 725: 721: 717: 713: 708: 704: 700: 690: 688: 683: 680: 679:Major General 675: 671: 669: 666: 665:Major General 662: 658: 654: 651: 647: 644: 633: 631: 626: 622: 616: 606: 597: 595: 591: 585: 581: 577: 562: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 520: 518: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 490:Robert E. Lee 488: 485: 481: 477: 473: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 389: 386: 381: 371: 366: 364: 359: 357: 352: 351: 348: 339: 335: 332: 331: 326: 322: 319: 318: 313: 309: 305: 301: 300: 296: 292: 288: 286: 282: 278: 276: 272: 268: 267: 266: 265: 260: 256: 251: 250:Robert E. Lee 247: 243: 241: 237: 232: 228: 223: 219: 214: 210: 205: 201: 197: 196: 191: 188: 177: 175: 174:United States 164: 163: 158: 148: 144: 141: 140: 139: 137: 132: 129: 128: 123: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 73: 70: 69: 63: 60: 59: 55: 51: 50:Robert E. Lee 47: 42: 37: 34: 29: 24: 19: 14088: 14076:from Commons 14071: 14050: 13996: 13987: 13980: 13943:Nellie Grant 13881: 13873: 13791: 13767: 13734:Bibliography 13675:Grant's Tomb 13663:Horsemanship 13631:Boyhood home 13602: 13545:Comstock Act 13340: 12959:Bibliography 12942:Other topics 12884:By ethnicity 12852: 12805:Trent Affair 12704:Signal Corps 12561: 12284:White League 12171:Ku Klux Klan 12084:Confederados 12011:Constitution 11883:D. D. Porter 11736:Breckinridge 11447:Rhode Island 11442:Pennsylvania 11197:Spotsylvania 11157:Stones River 11137:2nd Bull Run 11087:1st Bull Run 11062: 10973:Stones River 10874:Marine Corps 10841:Marine Corps 10680:Abolitionism 10667: 10620: 10284:Fort Stedman 10256: 10202:Globe Tavern 10007:2nd Bull Run 10000:Malvern Hill 9975:Gaines' Mill 9950:Williamsburg 9863:1st Bull Run 9736: 9695: 9677: 9662: 9644: 9624: 9619: 9602: 9583: 9556: 9555:Winik, Jay. 9541: 9524: 9509: 9494: 9479: 9464: 9449: 9434: 9407: 9390: 9375: 9360: 9345: 9344:Long, E. B. 9330: 9315: 9300: 9299:Horn, John. 9285: 9270: 9255: 9240: 9225: 9219: 9201: 9186: 9167: 9150: 9133: 9118: 9103: 9088: 9084: 9068:Bibliography 9057: 9048: 9039: 9030: 9021: 9005: 9004:Horn, John. 9000: 8991: 8982: 8966: 8965:Winik, Jay. 8961: 8952: 8943: 8934: 8925: 8916: 8895: 8886: 8877: 8868: 8847: 8838: 8829: 8820: 8811: 8795: 8786: 8770: 8763: 8754: 8738: 8714: 8690: 8657: 8648: 8639: 8605: 8584: 8563: 8542: 8533: 8510: 8489: 8466: 8441: 8425: 8420: 8415:. pp. 36–37. 8404: 8399: 8390: 8369: 8360: 8302: 8297: 8276: 8187: 8178: 8143: 8127: 8101: 8075: 8054: 8045: 8029: 8022: 7987: 7978: 7969: 7946: 7937: 7928: 7919: 7910: 7847: 7838: 7829: 7820: 7811: 7744: 7693: 7666: 7657:See website 7653: 7644: 7633: 7624: 7615: 7594: 7585: 7514: 7505: 7496: 7487: 7466: 7457: 7436: 7427: 7418: 7409: 7360: 7339: 7330: 7321: 7298: 7245: 7216: 7207: 7186: 7153: 7144: 7135: 7126: 7085: 7076: 7067: 7058: 7049: 7040: 7019: 6988: 6967: 6946: 6903: 6894: 6885: 6876: 6867: 6846: 6823: 6814: 6805: 6796: 6787: 6746: 6717: 6696: 6687: 6678: 6669: 6660: 6651: 6626: 6617: 6596: 6587: 6578: 6569: 6560: 6551: 6542: 6533: 6524: 6515: 6506: 6497: 6488: 6479: 6470: 6465:. pp. 39–41. 6454: 6449: 6440: 6431: 6422: 6413: 6404: 6395: 6386: 6377: 6368: 6359: 6350: 6329: 6320: 6311: 6302: 6293: 6284: 6263: 6254: 6245: 6236: 6215: 6190: 6181: 6172: 6149: 6110: 6083: 6074: 6065: 6056: 6035: 6026: 6017: 5996: 5987: 5978: 5969: 5946: 5937: 5928: 5890: 5884: 5875: 5866: 5857: 5848: 5839: 5794: 5785: 5776: 5767: 5746: 5737: 5728: 5719: 5674: 5635: 5612: 5589: 5580: 5559: 5550: 5541: 5532: 5507: 5498: 5477: 5468: 5443: 5422: 5413: 5404: 5395: 5280: 5231: 5188: 5167: 5158: 5149: 5133: 5128: 5119: 5110: 5089: 5073: 5068: 5059: 5050: 5041: 5032: 5011: 4990: 4981: 4972: 4963: 4947: 4942: 4926: 4925:Long, E. B. 4921: 4912: 4903: 4894: 4885: 4860: 4851: 4842: 4833: 4788: 4772: 4755: 4736: 4727: 4688: 4667: 4651: 4644: 4635: 4614: 4605: 4589: 4584: 4575: 4566: 4533: 4517: 4498: 4489: 4473: 4467: 4459: 4443: 4438: 4429: 4420: 4411: 4402: 4393: 4384: 4368: 4360: 4351: 4335: 4330: 4321: 4305: 4300: 4284: 4279: 4263: 4258: 4242: 4237: 4221: 4214: 4209:. pp. 18–37. 4198: 4193: 4177: 4169: 4164: 4152: 4135: 4123: 4111: 4107: 4095: 4058: 4050: 4045: 4036: 4027: 4018: 4009: 3999: 3983: 3974: 3964: 3955: 3937: 3928: 3919: 3906: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3872: 3863: 3850: 3829: 3816: 3808:Shelby Foote 3803: 3794: 3777: 3768: 3755: 3738: 3678: 3672: 3667: 3661: 3654: 3645: 3626:, 1937 Issue 3590: 3565: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3540: 3469: 3457: 3434: 3408: 3405: 3396: 3380: 3348: 3341: 3330: 3315: 3275: 3264: 3247: 3233: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3207: 3201:and Colonel 3192: 3169: 3154: 3150: 3143: 3131: 3122: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3093: 3078: 3062: 2996: 2979: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2945:and Colonel 2936: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2911:William Hays 2903: 2849: 2841: 2833: 2825: 2821: 2817:Gershom Mott 2813: 2739: 2723: 2707: 2695: 2687: 2678: 2667: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2637: 2620: 2609: 2605:Bryan Grimes 2598: 2567: 2559: 2543: 2522: 2498: 2494: 2483: 2462: 2445: 2426: 2422: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341:Fitzhugh Lee 2275: 2267: 2255: 2251: 2242:Alfred Gibbs 2233: 2217: 2213:George Crook 2209: 2189: 2177:Thomas Devin 2174: 2158: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2075: 2071: 2064: 2053: 2038: 2034: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2011:Bryan Grimes 1996: 1984: 1980: 1971: 1959: 1951: 1947: 1919: 1910: 1896:George Crook 1892:Thomas Devin 1889: 1885: 1871: 1867: 1824: 1789: 1730:Fitzhugh Lee 1712:Fourth Corps 1676:Bryan Grimes 1668:Second Corps 1635: 1591:Fitzhugh Lee 1477:George Crook 1452: 1379: 1372:to form the 1358:George Crook 1281:Gershom Mott 1277:William Hays 1256: 1234:George Meade 1227: 1007: 972:Fitzhugh Lee 969: 965: 961: 934: 929: 923:Rear Admiral 920: 915: 905: 887: 883: 879: 869: 866: 857: 825: 818: 810: 790: 782: 761: 696: 676: 672: 639: 618: 603: 587: 561:, Virginia. 540: 521: 471: 469: 392:Lewis's Farm 377: 160:Belligerents 133: 31:Part of the 18: 13919:Julia Grant 13658:Galena home 13636:Schoolhouse 13484:Amnesty Act 13211:Court House 13191:Chattanooga 13157:(1869–1877) 12765:Copperheads 12477:Confederate 12369:Black Codes 11695:E. K. Smith 11576:Confederate 11523:New Orleans 11518:Chattanooga 11382:Mississippi 11282:Connecticut 11250:territories 11241:Involvement 11202:Cold Harbor 11192:Fort Pillow 11182:Chattanooga 11177:Chickamauga 11127:Seven Pines 11117:New Orleans 11082:Fort Sumter 11023:Valley 1864 10856:Confederacy 10653:Slave Power 10633:Fire-Eaters 10404:Susquehanna 10399:Monongahela 10392:Departments 10279:Bentonville 10217:Cedar Creek 10177:Cold Harbor 10058:Gettysburg 9955:Seven Pines 9858:Fort Sumter 4100:pp. 564–580 3681:, says the 3666:; in their 3373:Picture by 3371:High Bridge 3303:Eppa Hunton 3180:Martin Gary 2594:John Gibbon 2007:Eppa Hunton 1935:Matt Ransom 1690:Third Corps 1646:First Corps 1623:Brig. Gen. 1523:First Corps 1488:Confederate 1406:John Gibbon 1181:John Gibbon 1010:: Lt. Gen. 937:John Gibbon 930:River Queen 916:River Queen 870:River Queen 797:James River 484:Confederate 442:High Bridge 117: / 14103:Categories 13963:(grandson) 13957:(grandson) 13951:(grandson) 13945:(daughter) 13762:Grant Park 13709:convention 13694:convention 13626:Birthplace 13621:Early life 13587:World tour 13550:Poland Act 13416:Government 13230:Presidency 13206:Appomattox 12998:Juneteenth 12519:Cemeteries 12396:Red Shirts 12307:Centennial 12257:Red Shirts 11665:Longstreet 11595:Beauregard 11538:Winchester 11513:Charleston 11482:Washington 11417:New Mexico 11412:New Jersey 11272:California 11248:States and 11232:Five Forks 11217:Mobile Bay 11187:Wilderness 11167:Gettysburg 11147:Perryville 11132:Seven Days 11063:Appomattox 10988:Gettysburg 10948:New Mexico 10815:Combatants 10790:Combatants 10703:John Brown 10352:Shenandoah 10289:Five Forks 10257:Appomattox 10251:Wilmington 10172:North Anna 10162:Wilderness 10145:Petersburg 10092:Gettysburg 9716:Government 9224:. Vol. 3, 9087:. Vol. 2, 8086:. p. 1383. 5895:New York: 4472:. Vol. 3, 4079:References 3742:Historian 3664:West Point 3597:Gettysburg 3309:. Colonel 3195:Paineville 3176:Paineville 3081:Tom Custer 2838:Casualties 2809:Henry Heth 2534:Henry Heth 2530:A. P. Hill 2490:Henry Heth 1702:Henry Heth 1589:Maj. Gen. 1538:Maj. Gen. 1402:XXIV Corps 1244:, and the 984:Five Forks 941:XXIV Corps 724:Edward Ord 588:After the 565:Background 498:Union Army 407:Five Forks 340:(April 9). 231:Edward Ord 105:78°47′50″W 102:37°22′38″N 13839:$ 50 bill 13744:Memorials 13684:Elections 13501:Modoc War 13186:Vicksburg 12976:Espionage 12770:Diplomacy 12738:Political 12694:POW camps 12440:Monuments 12267:Scalawags 12262:Redeemers 12000:Aftermath 11949:Pinkerton 11888:Rosecrans 11853:McClellan 11756:Memminger 11492:Wisconsin 11457:Tennessee 11377:Minnesota 11352:Louisiana 11227:Nashville 11172:Vicksburg 11102:Pea Ridge 11053:Carolinas 11008:Red River 11003:Knoxville 10983:Tullahoma 10978:Vicksburg 10958:Peninsula 10930:campaigns 10796:Campaigns 10573:Secession 10413:Landforms 10385:Geography 10259:(Mar–Apr) 10253:(Dec–Feb) 10244:Campaigns 10141:(May–Jun) 10129:(Apr–May) 10114:Campaigns 10072:(Nov–Dec) 10066:(Oct–Nov) 10060:(Jun–Jul) 10054:(Apr–May) 10048:(Mar–Apr) 10039:Campaigns 9965:Oak Grove 9924:(Nov–Dec) 9912:(Jul-Sep) 9906:(Mar–Jul) 9904:Peninsula 9900:(Mar–Jun) 9894:(Feb–Jun) 9885:Campaigns 9837:(Oct–Dec) 9822:(Jun–Dec) 9809:Campaigns 9745:from the 9016:. p. 247. 8806:. p. 593. 8781:. p. 817. 8749:. p. 490. 8701:. p. 115. 8313:. p. 462. 8138:. p. 330. 8112:. p. 813. 8040:. p. 846. 5144:. p. 459. 5084:. p. 230. 4937:. p. 658. 4484:. p. 785. 4274:. p. 593. 4232:. p. 336. 4004:prisoner. 3994:. p. 122. 3980:John Kane 3675:Ed Bearss 3634:Generals 3614:Generals 3601:McClellan 3579:Aftermath 3229:Farmville 2982:XXV Corps 2518:A.P. Hill 1992:XXV Corps 1694:A.P. Hill 1606:Lt. Gen. 1572:Lt. Gen. 1557:A.P. Hill 1555:Lt. Gen. 1517:Lt. Gen. 1424:XXV Corps 1214:Maj. Gen. 1196:Maj. Gen. 1178:Maj. Gen. 1160:Maj. Gen. 1142:Maj. Gen. 1124:Maj. Gen. 1106:Maj. Gen. 1088:Maj. Gen. 1070:Maj. Gen. 1052:Maj. Gen. 949:XXV Corps 845:President 143:Surrender 138:victory: 134:Decisive 14043:Virginia 14003:Category 13915:(father) 13909:(mother) 13834:Currency 13714:election 13699:election 13253:Grantism 13248:Scandals 13196:Overland 13090:Category 12931:Seminole 12921:Cherokee 12674:Medicine 12627:Military 12540:Veterans 12374:Jim Crow 12139:timeline 11934:Ericsson 11917:Civilian 11898:Sheridan 11858:McDowell 11818:Farragut 11803:Burnside 11793:Anderson 11786:Military 11766:Stephens 11726:Benjamin 11719:Civilian 11605:Buchanan 11583:Military 11528:Richmond 11477:Virginia 11422:New York 11397:Nebraska 11387:Missouri 11372:Michigan 11362:Maryland 11347:Kentucky 11322:Illinois 11297:Delaware 11277:Colorado 11262:Arkansas 11222:Franklin 11142:Antietam 11013:Overland 10968:Maryland 10887:Theaters 10793:Theaters 10347:Virginia 10139:Overland 10070:Mine Run 10012:Antietam 9995:Glendale 9916:Maryland 9826:Manassas 9425:Archived 9354:68283123 8725:. p. 88. 8609:by Pvt. 5905:38203003 5899:, 1883. 4935:68283123 4783:. p. 11. 4744:Archived 4662:. p. 49. 4600:. p. 39. 4528:. p. 111 4316:. p. 18. 4066:Archived 3689:See also 3624:Sheridan 3605:Antietam 3526:General 3515:Colonel 3493:Colonel 3259:VI Corps 3251:II Corps 3056:Captain 2471:led his 2152:Colonel 2086:II Corps 1331:IX Corps 1309:VI Corps 1265:II Corps 1248:, under 785:VI Corps 765:IX Corps 630:II Corps 480:Virginia 315:Strength 91:west to 87:and the 71:Location 14017:Portals 13418:reforms 13341:Alabama 13265:Cabinet 13260:Pardons 13057:Related 12926:Choctaw 12916:Catawba 12699:Rations 12644:Cavalry 12506:Removal 12134:efforts 12118:of 1873 11964:Stevens 11959:Stanton 11944:Lincoln 11903:Sherman 11838:Halleck 11828:Frémont 11813:Du Pont 11751:Mallory 11710:Wheeler 11645:Jackson 11625:Forrest 11565:Leaders 11508:Atlanta 11472:Vermont 11392:Montana 11332:Indiana 11307:Georgia 11302:Florida 11267:Arizona 11257:Alabama 11207:Atlanta 11122:Corinth 11074:battles 11018:Atlanta 10998:Bristoe 10899:Western 10894:Eastern 10799:Battles 10598:Slavery 10502:Origins 10488:Origins 10342:Potomac 10064:Bristoe 9850:battles 9754:at the 9210:5890637 4454:. p. 10 4346:. p. 2. 3640:Jackson 3616:Sherman 3255:V Corps 2451:of the 2278:V Corps 1851:Colonel 1287:V Corps 848:Lincoln 621:V Corps 522:As the 487:General 320:114,335 145:of the 13921:(wife) 13899:Family 13726:Legacy 13343:Claims 13181:Shiloh 13100:Portal 13038:Tokens 11974:Welles 11954:Seward 11939:Hamlin 11908:Thomas 11843:Hooker 11808:Butler 11761:Seddon 11746:Hunter 11731:Bocock 11705:Taylor 11700:Stuart 11690:Semmes 11670:Morgan 11630:Gorgas 11610:Cooper 11501:Cities 11437:Oregon 11402:Nevada 11342:Kansas 11312:Hawaii 11212:Crater 11112:Shiloh 11072:Major 11058:Mobile 10928:Major 10802:States 10753:Caning 10317:Armies 10192:Crater 9848:Major 9702: 9684: 9669: 9651: 9610: 9591: 9563: 9548: 9531: 9516: 9501: 9486: 9471: 9456: 9441: 9414: 9397: 9382: 9367: 9352: 9337: 9322: 9307: 9292: 9277: 9262: 9247: 9232: 9208: 9193: 9174: 9157: 9140: 9125: 9110: 9095: 9012: 8973: 8802: 8777: 8745: 8721: 8697: 8432: 8411: 8309: 8134: 8108: 8082: 8036: 6461: 5903: 5140: 5080: 4954: 4933: 4779: 4658: 4596: 4524: 4480: 4450: 4375: 4342: 4312: 4291: 4270: 4249: 4228: 4205: 4184: 4158:p. 597 4143: 3990: 3897: 3603:after 3595:after 3573:Seneca 3377:, 1865 3305:, and 1801:Brevet 1704:, and 1660:, and 1301:, and 1236:, the 582:, and 333:10,780 323:56,000 252: 184: 171: 130:Result 79:, and 14073:Media 13939:(son) 13933:(son) 13927:(son) 13883:Grant 13780:grove 13705:1872 13690:1868 13596:Books 12843:Dixie 12830:Music 12449:Union 12293:Post- 12129:trial 11929:Chase 11924:Adams 11893:Scott 11868:Meigs 11863:Meade 11833:Grant 11823:Foote 11798:Buell 11779:Union 11741:Davis 11685:Price 11675:Mosby 11620:Ewell 11615:Early 11600:Bragg 11462:Texas 11357:Maine 11317:Idaho 10823:Union 10337:James 10135:(May) 9930:(Dec) 9918:(Sep) 9828:(Jul) 9739:entry 4129:p. 62 3969:Road. 3731:Notes 3620:Grant 3593:Meade 1023:Union 136:Union 14090:Data 13770:ship 13646:farm 13614:Life 13315:1876 13310:1875 13305:1874 13300:1873 13295:1872 13290:1871 13285:1870 13280:1869 13152:18th 13028:Salt 12634:Arms 12484:List 12456:List 11969:Wade 11878:Pope 11848:Hunt 11680:Polk 11640:Hood 11635:Hill 11467:Utah 11432:Ohio 11337:Iowa 10869:Navy 10864:Army 10836:Navy 10831:Army 10236:1865 10106:1864 10031:1863 9877:1862 9800:1861 9700:ISBN 9682:ISBN 9667:ISBN 9649:ISBN 9608:ISBN 9589:ISBN 9561:ISBN 9546:ISBN 9529:ISBN 9514:ISBN 9499:ISBN 9484:ISBN 9469:ISBN 9454:ISBN 9439:ISBN 9412:ISBN 9395:ISBN 9380:ISBN 9365:ISBN 9350:OCLC 9335:ISBN 9320:ISBN 9305:ISBN 9290:ISBN 9275:ISBN 9260:ISBN 9245:ISBN 9230:ISBN 9206:OCLC 9191:ISBN 9172:ISBN 9155:ISBN 9138:ISBN 9123:ISBN 9108:ISBN 9093:ISBN 9010:ISBN 8971:ISBN 8800:ISBN 8775:ISBN 8743:ISBN 8719:ISBN 8695:ISBN 8430:ISBN 8409:ISBN 8307:ISBN 8132:ISBN 8106:ISBN 8080:ISBN 8034:ISBN 6459:ISBN 5901:OCLC 5138:ISBN 5078:ISBN 4952:ISBN 4931:OCLC 4777:ISBN 4656:ISBN 4594:ISBN 4522:ISBN 4478:ISBN 4448:ISBN 4373:ISBN 4340:ISBN 4310:ISBN 4289:ISBN 4268:ISBN 4247:ISBN 4226:ISBN 4203:ISBN 4182:ISBN 4141:ISBN 3988:ISBN 3895:ISBN 3811:785. 3638:and 3622:and 3599:and 3483:and 3257:and 2626:and 2361:shad 2261:and 2199:and 1937:and 1928:and 1836:and 1795:and 1740:and 1682:and 1412:and 978:and 974:'s, 508:and 470:The 61:Date 48:and 11873:Ord 11660:Lee 3636:Lee 1990:'s 986:in 947:'s 939:'s 910:by 873:at 492:'s 14105:: 9661:. 9623:: 9218:. 9185:, 8904:^ 8856:^ 8794:, 8730:^ 8706:^ 8678:^ 8666:^ 8625:^ 8613:, 8593:^ 8572:^ 8551:^ 8519:^ 8498:^ 8475:^ 8450:^ 8378:^ 8348:^ 8332:^ 8318:^ 8285:^ 8262:^ 8240:^ 8228:^ 8208:^ 8196:^ 8164:^ 8152:^ 8117:^ 8091:^ 8063:^ 8010:^ 7996:^ 7955:^ 7896:^ 7868:^ 7856:^ 7797:^ 7777:^ 7753:^ 7732:^ 7716:^ 7702:^ 7677:^ 7603:^ 7571:^ 7555:^ 7541:^ 7523:^ 7475:^ 7445:^ 7397:^ 7381:^ 7369:^ 7348:^ 7307:^ 7286:^ 7266:^ 7254:^ 7225:^ 7195:^ 7174:^ 7162:^ 7112:^ 7094:^ 7028:^ 6997:^ 6976:^ 6955:^ 6912:^ 6855:^ 6832:^ 6771:^ 6755:^ 6726:^ 6705:^ 6635:^ 6605:^ 6338:^ 6272:^ 6224:^ 6199:^ 6158:^ 6137:^ 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Index