987:, as the support circuitry is very similar to that which is used in CRT televisions and computer monitors, and is typically easy to adjust for color and brightness. On the other hand, vector monitors can be challenging or very costly to service, and some can no longer be repaired due to certain parts having been discontinued years ago. Even finding a drop-in replacement for a vector monitor is a challenge today, as few were produced after their heyday in the early 1980s. CRT replacement is possible, but the process of transferring the deflection yoke and other parts from one tube neck to the other also means a long process of positioning and adjusting the parts on the CRT for proper performance, a job that may prove too challenging for the typical amateur arcade collector. On the other hand, it may be possible to retrofit other monitor technologies to emulate vector graphics.
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easily fit in a home environment or be used by children. The older form of mini or cabaret cabinets were marketed for commercial use and are no longer made. They were often thinner as well as shorter, lacked side art, and had smaller marquees and monitors. This reduced their cost, reduced their weight, made them better suited to locations with less space, and also made them less conspicuous in darker environments. In place of side art they were often clad in faux wood grain vinyl instead.
646:). These cabinets typically have equipment resembling the controls of a vehicle (though some of them are merely large cabinets with fair features such as a great screen or chairs). Driving games may have a bucket seat, foot pedals, a stick shift, and even an ignition, while flight simulators may have a flight yoke or joystick, and motorcycle games handlebars, and a seat shaped like a full-size bike. Often, these cabinets are arranged side-by-side, to allow players to compete together.
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331:(CRT) display, the game controllers, and the computer logic areas. Atari also had placed the controls at a height suitable for most adult players to use, but close enough to the console's base to also allow children to play. Further, the cabinets were more compact than traditional electro-mechanical games and did not use flashing lights or other means to attract players. The side panels of Atari's
122:
183:, raster being most common. Standard resolution is between 262.5 and 315 vertical lines, depending on the refresh rate (usually between 50 and 60 Hz). Slower refresh rates allow for better vertical resolution. Monitors may be oriented horizontally or vertically, depending on the game. Some games use more than one monitor. Some newer cabinets have monitors that can display
621:
369:, used a one-sided mirror and included an illuminated background behind the mirror, so that the on-screen characters would appear to the players as if they were on that background. With the advent of color CRT displays, the need for the mirror was eliminated. The CRT was subsequently positioned at an angle permitting a typical adult player to look directly at the screen.
532:, but have since lost popularity. Their main advantage over upright cabinets was their smaller size, making them seem less obtrusive, although requiring more floor space (more so by having players seated at each end). The top of the table was covered with a piece of tempered glass, making it convenient to set drinks on (hence the name), and they were often seen in
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safe operation of the monitor and power supplies. Because of the capacity and voltage ratings of these parts, it can be dangerous if not done properly, and should only be attempted by experienced hobbyists or professionals. If a monitor is broken, it may be easier to just source a drop-in replacement through coin-op machine distributors or parts suppliers.
587:
variant of this, often referred to as "versus-style" cabinets are designed to look like two cabinets facing each other, with two monitors and separate controls allowing two players to fight each other without having to share the same monitor and control area. Some newer cabinets can emulate these "versus-style" cabinets through networking.
578:", by both arcade enthusiasts and by people in the industry. They are also generally easier to clean and move than upright cabinets, but usually just as heavy as most have 29" screens, as opposed to 20"–25". They are positioned so that the player can sit down on a chair or stool and play for extended periods.
954:
directly on the cabinets. Others used large decals for the side art. Some manufacturers produce replication artwork for popular classic games—each varying in quality. This side art can be applied over the new paint after it has dried. These appliques can be very large and must be carefully applied to
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kit, also known as a software kit, is special equipment that can be installed into an arcade machine that changes the current game it plays into another one. For example, a conversion kit can be used to reconfigure an arcade machine designed to play one game so that it would play its sequel or update
942:
Often game cabinets were used to host a variety of games. Often after the cabinet's initial game was removed and replaced with another, the cabinet's side art was painted over (usually black) so that the cabinet would not misrepresent the game contained within. The side art was also painted over to
861:
cabinets are similar forms of arcade cabinet but are intended for different markets. Modern mini cabinets are sold directly to consumers and are not intended for commercial operation. They are styled just like a standard upright cabinet, often with full art and marquees, but are scaled down to more
351:
and other early arcade games, the CRT was mounted 90 degrees from the ground, facing directly outward. Arcade game manufacturers began incorporating design principles from older electro-mechanical games by using CRTs mounted at a 45-degree angle, facing upward and away from the player but towards a
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dry out over time, and if a classic arcade cabinet is still using its original components, it may be near the end of its service life. A common step in refurbishing vintage electronics (of all types) is "recapping": replacing certain capacitors (and other parts) to restore, or ensure the continued
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cabinets in this configuration, though most arcade games made in Japan that only use a joystick and buttons will come in a sit-down cabinet variety. In
Japanese arcades, this type of cabinet is generally more prevalent than the upright kind, and they are usually lined up in uniform-looking rows. A
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attached to the front of the machine, via durable cables. Some arcade machines had the monitor placed at the bottom of the cabinet with a mirror mounted at around 45 degrees above the screen facing the player. This was done to save space, as a large CRT monitor would otherwise poke out the back of
339:
Arcade cabinets today are usually made of wood and metal, about six feet or two meters tall, with the control panel set perpendicular to the monitor at slightly above waist level. The monitor is housed inside the cabinet, at approximately eye level. The marquee is above it, and often overhangs it.
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If the controls are worn and need replacing, if the game is popular, they can be easily obtained. Rarer game controls are harder to come by, but some shops stock replacement controls for classic arcade games. Some shops manufacture controls that are more robust than originals and fit a variety of
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Usually found in Japan, these machines have multiple screens interconnected to one system, sometimes with one big screen in the middle. These also often feature the dispensation of different types of cards, either a smartcard in order to save stats and progress or trading cards used in the game.
503:
Cocktail cabinets are shaped like low, rectangular tables, with the controls usually set at either of the broad ends, or, though not as common, at the narrow ends, and the monitor inside the table, the screen facing upward. Two-player games housed in cocktails were usually alternant, each player
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Of course, hobbyists prefer cabinets with original artwork in the best possible condition. Since machines with good quality art are hard to find, one of the first tasks is stripping any old artwork or paint from the cabinet. This is done with conventional chemical paint strippers or by sanding
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cabinets are usually only large enough to house their monitors and control panels. They are often used for trivia and gambling-type games and are usually found installed on bars or tables in pubs and restaurants. These cabinets often have touchscreen controls instead of traditional push-button
947:(preferences vary). Normally artwork cannot be preserved that has been painted over and is removed with any covering paint. New paint can be applied in any manner preferred (roller, brush, spray). Paint used is often just conventional paint with a finish matching the cabinet's original paint.
971:(the same is true for side art). As with side art, some replication art shops also produce replication artwork for these pieces that is indistinguishable from the original. Some even surpass the originals in quality. Once these pieces are acquired, they usually snap right into place.
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had a simple wood veneer finish, making it easier to market to non-arcade venues, such as hotels, country clubs, and cocktail bars. In the face of growing competition, Atari started to include cabinet art and attraction panels around 1973–1974, which soon became a standard practice.
264:. They are usually below the control panel. Very often, translucent red plastic buttons are placed in between the coin return and the coin slot. When they are pressed, a coin or token that has become jammed in the coin mechanism is returned to the player. See
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are sometimes used instead of joysticks, especially in games from the early 1980s. Spinners (knobs for turning, also called "paddle controls") are used to control game elements that move strictly horizontally or vertically, such as the paddles in
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taking turns. The monitor reverses its orientation (game software controlled) for each player, so the game display is properly oriented for each player. This requires special programming of the cocktail versions of the game (usually set by
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Many cabinets are converted to be used to host a game other than the original. In these cases, if both games conform to the JAMMA standard, the process is simple. Other conversions can be more difficult, but some manufacturers such as
246:, a level surface near the monitor, upon which the game's controls are arranged. Control panels sometimes have playing instructions. Players often pile their coins or tokens on the control panels of upright and cocktail cabinets.
508:). The monitor's orientation is usually in player two's favor only in two-player games when it is player two's turn and in player one's favor all other times. Simultaneous, 4 player games that are built as a cocktail include
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that reflected the display to the player. Additional transparent overlays could be added between the mirror and the player's view to include additional images and colorize the black-and-white CRT output, as is the case in
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avoid bubbles or wrinkles from developing. Spraying the surface with a slightly soapy water solution allows the artwork to be quickly repositioned if wrinkles or bubbles develop like in
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A cockpit or environmental cabinet is a type of deluxe cabinet where the player sits inside the cabinet itself. It also typically has an enclosure. Examples of this can be seen on the
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Since arcade games are becoming increasingly popular as collectibles, an entire niche industry has sprung up focused on arcade cabinet restoration. There are many
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is particularly known for these kinds of cabinets, with various types of sit-down and cockpit motion cabinets that Sega have been manufacturing since the 1980s.
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Cocktail cabinet versions were usually released alongside the upright version of the same game. They were relatively common in the 1980s, especially during the
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the cabinet. To correct for the mirrored image, some games had an option to flip the video output using a dip switch setting. Other genres of games such as
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which move the player according to the action on screen. In Japan, they are known as "taikan" games, with "taikan" meaning "body sensation" in
Japanese.
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The sides of the arcade cabinet are usually decorated with brightly colored stickers or paint, representing the gameplay of their particular game.
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Deluxe cabinets (also known as DX cabinets in Japan) are most commonly used for games involving gambling, long stints of gaming (such as
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Because arcade cabinets vary according to the games they were built for or contain, they may not possess all of the parts listed below:
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have produced kits to ease the conversion process (Nintendo manufactured kits to convert a cabinet from
Classic wiring to VS. wiring).
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268:. In some arcades, the coin slot is replaced with a card reader that reads data from a game card bought from the arcade operator.
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have had hydraulic motion simulator sit-down cabinets, while hydraulic motion simulator cockpit cabinets have been used for
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Acquiring these pieces is harder than installing them. Many hobbyists trade these items via newsgroups or sites such as
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outer fiberglass cabinet did not carry forward, both games did establish separating parts of the arcade machine for the
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There are many types of arcade cabinets, some being custom-made for a particular game; however, the most common are the
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to provide DC power to the arcade system boards and low voltage lighting for the coin slots and lighted buttons.
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machines. Installing them takes some experimentation for novices, but are usually not too difficult to place.
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devoted to arcade cabinet restoration. They are full of tips and advice on restoring games to mint condition.
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and throttle pedal instead of a joystick and buttons. If the upright is housing a shooting game, it may have
570:. Many candy cabinets have CRT screens that can be physically switched between portrait and landscape modes.
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57:
1189:
Gains, Raiford (November 2015). "Beyond the Bezel: Coin-Op Arcade Video Game
Cabinets as Design History".
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212:, the actual hardware upon which the game runs. Hidden within the cabinet. Some systems, such as the SNK
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controls. They are also fairly popular with home use, as they can be placed upon a table or countertop.
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157:(JAMMA) wiring standard. Some include additional connectors for features not included in the standard.
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Some electronic components are stressed by the hot, cramped conditions inside a cabinet. Electrolytic
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from the 1970s to the early 1980s have the cocktail versions prefixed by "T.T" in their titles (eg.
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have had the player sit on and move a motorbike replica to control the in-game actions (like a
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Upright cabinets are the most common in North
America, with their design heavily influenced by
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A cocktail or table cabinet. This style is sometimes referred to as
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Upright cabinet shape designs vary from the simplest symmetric perpendicular boxes as with
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While both use the same basic type of tube, raster monitors are easier to service than
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use double joysticks instead of action buttons. Some versions of the original
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Owing to the resemblance of plastic to hard candy, they are often known as "
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1218:"Amarcord senza tempo, i 5 videogiochi cabinati più celebri degli anni '80"
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and "player" buttons which serve the same purpose as the start button on
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cabinet is a type of deluxe cabinet that is very elaborate, including
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is one of the biggest manufacturers of these kinds of cabinets, while
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If a cabinet needs rewiring, some wiring kits are available over the
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An audio output for sound effects and music, usually produced from a
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842:. One of the most sophisticated motion simulator cabinets is Sega's
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Games are typically for one or two players; however, games such as
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resides. Most cabinets designed since the mid-1980s conform to the
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Housing within which an arcade game's electronic hardware resides
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was another major manufacturer of motion simulator cabinets.
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1116:"Arcade Machines of the highest quality - Bespoke Arcades"
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175:, on which the game is displayed. They may display either
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If an upright is housing a driving game, it may have a
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had pressure-sensitive rubber pads instead of buttons.
1080:"Arcade Videogame Technology and the JAMMA Standard"
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feature controllers resembling musical instruments.
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for as many players as the game allows, plus action
155:
Japanese
Amusement Machine Manufacturers Association
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1246:"Sega's Wonderful Simulation Games Over The Years"
1274:The Sega Arcade Revolution: A History in 62 Games
881:
2066:
1184:
1182:
1165:"Game on again for coin-operated arcade titles"
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260:, which allow for the exchange of money or
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660:, in which the player sits in a full-size
464:feature as many as four sets of controls.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1303:"The Disappearance of Yu Suzuki: Part 1"
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489:Another example of a cocktail cabinet (
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1098:"Emulating Arcade Monitor Resolutions"
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616:dashboard arrangement for the controls
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517:In Japan, many games manufactured by
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
930:(both commercial and hobbyist) and
909:Street Fighter II: Champion Edition
748:, as covered in the section below.
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13:
1163:Hurley, Oliver (7 February 2008).
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1311:. 2010. p. 2. Archived from
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668:Cockpit or environmental cabinets
558:A candy cabinet (Sega Astro City)
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455:to complicated asymmetric forms.
145:, is the housing within which an
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963:Control panels, bezels, marquees
950:Many games had artwork that was
550:List of Japanese arcade cabinets
23:
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943:hide damaged or faded artwork.
566:Candy cabinets at an arcade in
320:. While the futuristic look of
34:needs additional citations for
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882:Large-scale satellite machines
788:). Driving games since Sega's
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1271:Horowitz, Ken (6 July 2018).
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372:Controls are most commonly a
125:People playing an arcade game
1216:Ercole, Marco (2024-03-29).
1138:"Choose your arcade machine"
1078:Nolan, Kieran (March 2015).
7:
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10:
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1798:Personal digital assistant
1140:. GameTime. Archived from
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778:racing games since Sega's
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530:Golden Age of Arcade Games
468:Sit-down or table cabinets
161:Parts of an arcade cabinet
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1191:Journal of Design History
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752:Motion simulator cabinets
674:Killer List of Videogames
624:An older deluxe cabinet (
850:Mini or cabaret cabinets
828:combat flight simulators
638:), or vehicles (such as
2035:Wireless sensor network
1279:McFarland & Company
915:Street Fighter II Turbo
2085:Video game terminology
1808:Portable data terminal
906:instead, such as from
657:Ridge Racer Full Scale
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609:Ridge Racer Full Scale
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199:Printed circuit boards
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1991:Information appliance
1813:Portable media player
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548:Further information:
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185:high-definition video
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1766:Mobile data terminal
1746:Electronic organizer
1418:Intelligent terminal
495:, known in Japan as
363:. Other games, like
209:arcade system boards
43:improve this article
2080:Commercial machines
1144:on 20 December 2013
1049:Arcade system board
866:Countertop cabinets
497:T.T. Space Invaders
151:electronic hardware
133:, also known as an
2023:Computer-on-module
1881:Digital wristwatch
1683:Mobile workstation
1453:Video game console
1413:Internet appliance
1203:10.1093/jdh/epv036
796:space combat games
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523:T.T Space Invaders
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2011:Rugged smartphone
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1597:Small form factor
1423:Interactive kiosk
1288:978-1-4766-3196-7
1281:. pp. 96–9.
1118:. Bespoke Arcades
1029:Arcade controller
903:arcade conversion
897:Arcade conversion
839:G-LOC: Air Battle
786:motion controller
746:motion simulation
640:flight simulators
473:Cocktail cabinets
276:Types of cabinets
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404:. Games such as
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1508:Personal super
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1403:Arcade cabinet
1399:
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1367:Computer sizes
1363:
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1333:
1332:External links
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1024:
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980:
977:
964:
961:
959:applications.
957:window tinting
939:
936:
923:
920:
892:
891:Conversion kit
889:
883:
880:
867:
864:
851:
848:
753:
750:
669:
666:
636:fighting games
592:
589:
576:candy cabinets
545:
544:Candy cabinets
542:
514:, and others.
492:Space Invaders
474:
471:
469:
466:
433:steering wheel
425:Street Fighter
407:Robotron: 2084
354:one-way mirror
345:Computer Space
322:Computer Space
314:Computer Space
301:
298:
277:
274:
270:
269:
247:
240:
233:
224:
217:
195:
188:
162:
159:
135:arcade machine
131:arcade cabinet
117:
116:
99:September 2007
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2097:
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2019:
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1454:
1451:
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1439:
1438:Smart speaker
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:Diskless node
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
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1376:
1372:
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1338:
1315:on 2016-06-02
1314:
1310:
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1304:
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1267:
1252:. 6 June 2013
1251:
1250:Arcade Heroes
1247:
1241:
1239:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1197:(4): epv036.
1196:
1192:
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1111:
1103:
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958:
953:
948:
944:
935:
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919:
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911:
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904:
898:
888:
879:
876:
872:
863:
860:
856:
847:
845:
841:
840:
835:
834:
829:
825:
824:
823:Thunder Blade
819:
818:
817:Space Harrier
813:
812:rail shooters
809:
808:
803:
802:
801:Space Tactics
797:
793:
792:
787:
783:
782:
777:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
749:
747:
743:
742:
741:Pole Position
737:
736:
731:
730:
725:
721:
720:
719:Discs of Tron
715:
714:
709:
708:
703:
702:
697:
696:
691:
690:
685:
684:
679:
678:shooter games
675:
665:
663:
659:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
629:
628:
622:
615:
611:
610:
605:
597:
588:
585:
581:
577:
569:
564:
556:
551:
541:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
515:
513:
512:
507:
498:
494:
493:
487:
479:
465:
463:
462:
456:
454:
453:
447:
445:
444:
443:Guitar Freaks
438:
434:
429:
427:
426:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
408:
403:
402:
397:
396:
390:
386:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
367:
362:
361:
355:
350:
346:
341:
337:
334:
330:
323:
319:
315:
306:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
273:
267:
266:coin acceptor
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
245:
244:control panel
241:
238:
234:
231:
230:
225:
222:
218:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
196:
193:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
173:
168:
167:
166:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2018:Single-board
1903:Smartglasses
1846:Programmable
1771:Mobile phone
1624:Blade server
1463:Microconsole
1458:Home console
1402:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:the original
1306:
1297:
1273:
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1249:
1226:. Retrieved
1224:(in Italian)
1221:
1211:
1194:
1190:
1169:. Retrieved
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1142:the original
1132:
1120:. Retrieved
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1073:
1044:Video arcade
1039:Slot machine
1013:
1002:
989:
982:
973:
966:
952:silkscreened
949:
945:
941:
925:
913:
907:
900:
885:
874:
870:
869:
858:
854:
853:
837:
833:After Burner
831:
821:
815:
807:Galaxy Force
805:
799:
789:
779:
774:
755:
739:
733:
727:
724:racing games
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
676:, including
671:
655:
644:racing games
633:
625:
607:
573:
527:
522:
516:
509:
506:dip switches
502:
496:
490:
459:
457:
450:
448:
441:
430:
423:
417:
411:
405:
399:
393:
371:
364:
358:
348:
344:
342:
338:
332:
321:
317:
313:
311:
293:
289:
285:
281:
279:
271:
257:
254:coin returns
253:
249:
243:
236:
227:
221:power supply
220:
207:
203:
197:
170:
164:
142:
138:
134:
130:
128:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1761:Handheld PC
1693:Subnotebook
1671:Convertible
1532:Workstation
1525:Home server
1448:Thin client
1428:Rich client
1034:Arcade game
922:Restoration
804:(1981) and
722:as well as
707:Astron Belt
584:Neo-Geo MVS
214:Neo-Geo MVS
147:arcade game
2069:Categories
1908:Smart ring
1896:Sportwatch
1891:Smartwatch
1874:Smart band
1851:Scientific
1833:Calculator
1793:Palmtop PC
1786:Smartphone
1723:Detachable
1548:All-in-one
1498:Industrial
1395:Appliances
1228:2024-04-26
1167:. Guardian
1065:References
992:capacitors
932:newsgroups
871:Countertop
762:hydraulics
664:road car.
662:Mazda MX-5
614:Mazda MX-5
582:sold many
437:light guns
419:Battlezone
389:Trackballs
292:, and the
250:Coin slots
192:sound chip
169:A display
69:newspapers
2030:Smartdust
1965:Minisuper
1960:Mainframe
1939:Supermini
1703:Smartbook
1678:Cloudbook
1580:Pizza box
1474:Computers
1433:Simulator
1102:MAMEworld
776:Motorbike
729:Monaco GP
701:Star Wars
695:SubRoc-3D
683:Star Fire
654:released
568:Akihabara
452:Star Trek
360:Boot Hill
2054:Category
1926:Midrange
1861:Wearable
1841:Graphing
1818:Siftable
1751:E-reader
1738:Handheld
1688:Notebook
1629:Blade PC
1612:Stick PC
1592:Portable
1575:Deskside
1558:Tabletop
1503:Personal
1443:Smart TV
1319:22 April
1256:22 April
1222:zak-site
1084:Academia
1023:See also
1017:Nintendo
1005:Internet
979:Monitors
928:websites
830:such as
814:such as
726:such as
713:Sinistar
680:such as
511:Warlords
461:Gauntlet
413:Smash TV
395:Arkanoid
385:gamepads
374:joystick
294:sit-down
286:cocktail
258:coin box
256:and the
1781:Feature
1728:Phablet
1698:Netbook
1602:Mini PC
1570:Desktop
1563:Surface
1541:By size
1371:classes
1308:1Up.com
1171:12 July
1148:12 July
1122:12 July
938:Artwork
859:cabaret
791:Out Run
781:Hang-On
627:Out Run
382:console
378:buttons
366:Warrior
282:upright
229:marquee
83:scholar
2052:
2006:Rugged
1979:Others
1803:Pocket
1776:Camera
1715:Tablet
1666:2-in-1
1658:Laptop
1649:Mobile
1520:Server
1515:Public
1488:Gaming
1481:By use
1387:Static
1285:
999:Wiring
875:bartop
826:, and
325:'s
284:, the
262:tokens
177:raster
172:output
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1970:Super
1948:Large
1585:Tower
1553:Panel
1379:Micro
1054:JAMMA
770:Namco
735:Turbo
652:Namco
519:Taito
290:table
237:bezel
206:) or
137:or a
90:JSTOR
76:books
2001:Nano
1955:Grid
1934:Mini
1619:Rack
1607:Plug
1493:Home
1369:and
1321:2021
1283:ISBN
1258:2021
1173:2013
1150:2013
1124:2013
1059:MAME
969:eBay
855:Mini
844:R360
836:and
820:and
766:Sega
738:and
716:and
648:Sega
642:and
538:pubs
536:and
534:bars
525:).
416:and
401:Pong
398:and
349:Pong
333:Pong
318:Pong
316:and
62:news
1199:doi
912:to
901:An
873:or
857:or
580:SNK
343:In
288:or
204:PCB
179:or
149:'s
141:or
129:An
45:by
2071::
1305:.
1277:.
1248:.
1237:^
1220:.
1195:28
1193:.
1181:^
1100:.
1082:.
1011:.
918:.
810:,
756:A
732:,
710:,
704:,
698:,
692:,
686:,
540:.
410:,
387:.
347:,
296:.
252:,
242:A
235:A
226:A
219:A
1359:e
1352:t
1345:v
1323:.
1291:.
1260:.
1231:.
1205:.
1201::
1175:.
1152:.
1126:.
1104:.
1086:.
630:)
499:)
202:(
194:.
187:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
