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Cohesion is no longer ensured by mutual observation." Nor did Ardant du Picq neglect the decisive importance of modern firepower, noting that it was necessary for the attacker to "employ fire up till the last possible moment; otherwise, given modern rates of fire, no attack will reach its objective." Despite these words, much of his work was later used to help justify the doctrine of the
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His principal interest was in the moral and psychological aspects of battle; as he himself wrote of the battlefields of his day: "The soldier is unknown often to his closest companions. He loses them in the disorienting smoke and confusion of a battle which he is fighting, so to speak, on his own.
310:. This work was published in part in 1880 posthumously, and the complete text did not appear until 1902. The difficulties surrounding reform of the French military and its organization were widely discussed and his work referenced, and it was a very popular work among the army during World War I.
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Although comparatively little is known of his life, Ardant du Picq's small corpus of writings has earned him a place in the ranks of great military theorists. Before du Picq began his famous manuscripts, the French military relied heavily upon the writings of former Chief of Staff
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In sum, Ardant du Picq was a talented analyst and, had he lived, would have gained a fine reputation as a military historian. His analyses stressed the vital importance, especially in contemporary warfare, of discipline and
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on 15 July 1870 and took command of his regiment, the Tenth
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Sevastopol in September 1855. He was released in December 1855 and returned to active duty. As a major with the 16th Chasseur Battalion, Ardant du Picq served in
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theorist of the mid-nineteenth century whose writings, as they were later interpreted by other theorists, had a great effect on French military theory and doctrine.
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made no such distinction, making the offensive victorious no matter how it is employed. This stark difference from du Picq's theory was put forward principally by
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was responsible for supporting him in his calculating and objective view of military operations. Bugeaud's experiences with
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aspect of warfare that du Picq encouraged was propagated later by the writings of
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from August 1860 to June 1861 during the French intervention to restore order during
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The Franco-Prussian War : the German conquest of France in 1870-1871
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when it came to warfare. Before his death, du Picq had already published
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on 19 October 1821. On 1 October 1844, upon graduation from the
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Like virtually all his peers, he also saw extensive service in
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