1492:, and Abu Sabrah bin Abi Rahm. In this rescue operation, Arfajah advising Utbah a strategy to send the forces of Abu Sabrah alone to the coastal area, in order to bait the Sassanid forces while hiding their main forces beyond the sight of the enemy and even the isolated Muslim forces that they intend to rescue. Then as Sassanid army saw Abu Sabrah came with only few soldiers, they immediately gave chase as they though it is the whole Muslim reinforcement soldiers. At this certain moment, Utbah commence Arfajah final plan to commit his main forces to flank the unexpected Sassanid force, causing heavy casualties on them and routing them, thus this operation of relieving al Ala Hadrami mariners which had been posed to the danger of being isolated in the Persian soil succeeded.
1606:
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1431:
699:, where the rebel leader placing his men's families behind their lines in order to encourage them to fight harder. However, the Medinan army prevailed following the arrival of reinforcements, the Beni Abdul Kais and Beni Najia tribes who had formed part of the Caliph's army but who had been delayed during the long journey from Medina. After the rebellion of Laqit were put down, Hudhayfah ibn Muhsin stayed in the area to consolidate the place, while Ikrimah commence mop up operations against remnants of rebels left in Mahra, while Arfajah tasked to escort the spoils of war brought to Caliphate citadel, Medina.
1449:(garrison city) which named as Basra, where the military encampment in the location gradually supported with further permanent structures and growing into large settlement, as Arfajah instructed his soldiers to construct seven tribal complexes which can fit the 700 garrison troops. Then Arfajah instructed to build houses of mud bricks, plaster and mud to replace the camps. As the buildings stands, Arfajah and other army leaders such as
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846:
1886:, Arfajah even need to place his Azd tribesmens among the Bajalis settlement to keep them in check, as the Bajalis often quarrelled and inciting problems. It is appeared that the Bajilas at first has followed Arfajah from Omani at certain point during the early phase of the Conquest of Persia, Before Arfajah abandon them after the conquest of Ubulla, and relinquish the leadership of Bajalis to
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1231:. Ibn Balkhi wrote that Arfajah write his progress to al Ala, who in turn inform to 'Umar. This satisfy 'Umar, who in turn instructed al Ala to further resupply Arfajah who still continued fighting off coast, which Arfajah responds continued the naval campaigns the mainland of Fars. The coastal incursions commenced by Arfajah spans from
766:, boarded the ships and marched for the conquest in the Sea of Oman. However, Jawdat mistook as he though this campaign occurred during Umar caliphate, while in reality it is occurred during caliphate of Abu Bakr. Tabari narrated that as caliph Abu Bakar learned Arfajah acted without his consent, he immediately dismissed Arfajah.
758:, pointed that Arfajah did not have trouble to raise an army and ships which needed to mount this naval invasion without the support of central caliphate, due to his notably wealthiness and powerful influence of followers from within his clan. Ahmed Jawdat further narrated that the background of Arfajah naval expedition from
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1406:, Harthama, at the command of Umar, constructed a fort, few churches, a mosque and a locality for the Jewish population. He used it as his headquarters for the northern military operations. Utba consolidated his position in Tikrit and later advanced to Bajurmi and Shahrazour where his troops settled there. At
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In 17 AH, al Ala commencing a naval operation towards Fars without permission from the caliph. However, the three forces sent by al Ala were beaten badly by the
Sassanids and stranded overseas as their ships and boats were burned by the Sassanids. Some of the ships managed to arrive into mainlands of
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to conquer Ubulla. Shortly, 'Umar instructed to dismiss
Arfajah from his command and reassign al-Ala ibn Hadrami as his replacement. although, Donnes said in his version that al-Ala died before he could assume the position. Nevertheless, the caliph then later instructed Arfajah to bring 700 soldiers
1747:
viewed that
Arfajah were underrated hero who only gained small attention in history, despite the fact he was the first Muslim Arab leader who lead the battle on the sea. however, his contribution for Islamic naval history were doubtless, as Mahmoud further remarked that naval warfare before Arfajah
1613:
Arfajah showing his energy after he was appointed for the second time as governor of Mosul, as he built four new districts of Arab Muslim soldiers and their families in both in Mosul, In addition, Arfajah arranged fortifications in frontiers delegated soldiers and men to them to protect the borders
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reported in Ali Ibn Athir book, al Kamal, that the conquest of Ubulla by
Arfajah and Utbah were bloodless, as the Sassanid garrison somehow terrified by the besiegers so they gave up fighting and leave Ubulla undefended, allowing Utbah and Arfajah to capture it. Then after they take Ubulla and used
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following the orders of Abu Bakr, then sent
Ikrimah to march and join Arfajah, As Arfaja had not yet arrived, Ikrimah, instead of waiting for him, tackled the local rebels on his own. At Jairut, Ikrimah met two rebel armies preparing for battle. Here, he persuaded the weaker to embrace Islam and
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with a man from the
Byzantine called Al-Antiqa. Sa'd then wrote to Umar regarding the issue of the people of Mosul who had gathered in Tikrit with Al-Antiqa. The caliph ordered him to take initiative, then Sa'd appoint Abdullah ibn Al-Mu'tam as the commander of the operation. Abdullah ibn Mu'tam
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to exterminate the feeling apostate rebels who flee from mainland of
Arabian peninsula toward that island. the Muslim armies began attacking the capital of Darin and killing the rebels there, pacified the eastern Arab coasts. Then, on their own initiative, Arfajah, under instruction from al Ala,
817:
for reinforcement. although there is some minor quarrel between Jarir and
Arfajah, in the end they are agree to joint their forces under Muthanna to fight the Persians. then Arfajah and Muthanna, have been replenished by Bajila host of Jarir, marched toward Buwaib, where they fought the Sassanid
1912:
The
Kharijites sects, believed by most scholars of Islam started by Hurqus, were one of the most radical splinter sect in Islam that does not have qualm to slaughter and seize the wealth of other Muslims whom they view were not adherent enough to Islamic teaching, while accusing the incumbent
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which bordering Basra. Before his natural death, Utbah send an army which commanded by
Arfajah, Hudhaifah bin Muhsin, Mujaza bin Thawr, Husayn ibn Al Qa'qa, Ashim ibn Amr, and Salma ibn Al Qain, who lead in 700 soldiers each. These Basra contingents were further reinforced by garrison of
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Hurqus were known to protested against Muhammad policy during Hunayn, and being prophesied by the latter that he will revolting against Caliphate later. During the reign of Uthman, long time after Arfajah died, Hurqus was one of the ringleaders from Basra that conspired to assassinate
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who giving a reconcilliary explanation that Arfajah were indeed the first conqueror of Mosul, while Mosul rebelled sometimes later, which then recaptured for the second time now by Iyad ibn Ghanm. However, Baladhuri admit that his version were narrated through unreliable chains.
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to reach the Oman peninsula. Meeting up with the Madinan army, the forces of the Julanda were bolstered by tribes from the region who deserted Laqit. Then the Omanite and Azd allied army in turn attacked the Sasanian governor Maskan and defeated Maskan's forces at Damsetjerd in
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According to Ahmad Jawdat Pasha who quoted Waqidi, Arfajah grew up in wealthy family, and was known as a gifted orator. Arfajah also has powerful martial prowess as he is said to be skilled in sword fighting and equestrian methods, while also possessed good social skills.
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then joined up with them to defeat their opponents, Then the event following was Arfajah and the caliphate armies continued their march to fight the remnants of Mahranite rebels in violent battles against the Mahranite rebels until they pacified the entire Mahra region.
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Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law, Volume 68, Issue 2 Volume 68, Issue 2 of Columbia Studies in the Social Sciences , Columbia University. Faculty of Political Science Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law , Columbia University. Faculty of Political
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were still uncommon concept for majority of Arabs. Mahmoud also spots another underrated attention toward Arfajah for his part for the overall conquest of Persia, where he gained small attention, despite Arfajah, by any means, has marked huge contributions for it.
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666:, where he rested his men and awaited further developments. Until further instruction arrived for Arfaja and his Azd army to assist the Al Azdi Ruler, Abd Al-Juland and his brother Jayfar, who ruled the interior of the Oman peninsula who travelled to
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1691:. Then, as those soldiers returned to Mosul after the conquest, Arfajah host these soldiers his jurisdiction cities of Mosul and Haditha, while sent them to commence routine raids against remaining Sassanid elements, while maintain
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Mahmoud Sheet Khattab, an Iraqi minister, military commander, historian and writer (1919 - 1998), noted that Arfajah was fine example of the rare Arab courage, that even after the devastating defeat in the Battle of Bridge, caliph
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arranged the formation in manner that he appoint Rabi'i bin Al-Afkal as vanguard, Al-Harith ibn Hassan on the right wing, Furat ibn Hayyan on the left wing, while Hani ibn Qais, and Arfajah bin Harthama on the cavalry. The
1313:, whose company in total were about 1,500-1,800 soldiers. As the Muslims has emerged victorious from the hard battle in Qadisiyah, they immediately marched towards the Sassanid capital, which are nicknamed by the Arabs as
1983:
1917:(excommunication from Islam). The Kharijites were collectively called as Haruriyya/Haruri, as their first open rebellion against the authority in history occurred during their gathering in a village named al-Haruri.
1942:, as Mahmoud remarked his strong will and mentality that keep his work ethic, despite suffered setback once in the Battle of the Bridge, while also praising his innovation of naval warfare among Muslim Arabs.
1949:, the first governor of Basra, to rely on his counsel. and indeed, Utbah known to depends heavily on Arfajah skill for the matters of both military and administration during his tenure in Iraq. 20th century
1309:. Arfajah marched from Basra to Join Sa'd before the battle, while also brought 400 to 700 Azd cavalry under him, which he brought earlier in the conquest of Ubulla. Arfajah then placed under the banner of
1358:
and Mosul, before the news about Byzantine under Antiqa defeat in Tikrit spreading wide. then both Arfajah and Ibn al Mu'ta'm succeeded to force surrender from both city and subject both to Jizya tribute.
1539:, governed by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, before the battle against Hormuzan. Before they engage Hormuzan, Arfajah and the Muslim armies marches to the vicinity of the area, to subdue several places including
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Aside from his military skills, Utbah were also praised for his civil administrations for his founding of city of Basra, and his administration of Mosul after the conquest, as President of
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In the end of the year 13 AH, al Ala ibn Hadrami commanded Arfajah started sending ships and boats for further maritime expedition, as they areordered by caliph Umar to detach himself from
1390:, and was appointed Wali (governor) there, particularly managing the revenue. The area of Mosul was very sparsely populated when it was conquered by the Muslims. During the reign of
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and merged their forces to face Hormuzan. Then they later defeated Hormuzan, who led the Sassanid resistance before in Ahvaz. Hormuzan then flee from Ramhormoz and escape towards
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After a short tenure of his governance, Arfajah instructed by caliph Umar to march with his 700 Azd soldiers to march towards the location which will be known in the future as
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1402:. The new buildings were constructed from mud bricks, instead of reeds, a material that was popular in the region and other already populated areas were greatly expanded. At
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feature, that accommodated the settlements of Muslim soldiers in the annexed territories permanently and also setting up the public facilities and Mosques in said Amsar.
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fled and the capital fallen to the Muslims. Sa'd and his army, including Arfajah stay for while in the conquered capital of Sassanid and manage to establish base there.
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For the rest of Arfajah tenure in Mosul, Mosul became one of the most important city in Iraq that were immediately filled by immigrant Arab soldiers, and non-Arab
1737:
1543:, to cut off supply route and reinforcements for the Sassanids in Ahvaz. Arfajah managed to defeat the Hormuzan in this battle and the latter sued for peace.
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However, this time caliph 'Umar disliked Arfajah unnecessarily dragged sea adventures, as the naval forces of Arfajah were originally dispatched to support
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Jagrāfiyā-yi Ḥāfiẓ-i Abrū. Volume 2 : Mushtamil bar jaghrāfiyā-yi tārīkhi-yi Midītirana, Armanistān, Firingistān, Jazīra, ʿIrāq, Khūzistān wa Fārs
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Arfajah is remembered as a gifted administrator, with building and urbanization expertise. He played a major part in the founding of the cities of
1706:, who also poured into the city in large numbers, as the settlements within Arfajah jurisdictions was growing and extended between the borders of
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830:. After the battle, Arfajah march to Hirah, and recapture the city, which has been fallen to the Sassanid before after the Battle of the Bridge.
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in the year 16 A.H., the supreme commander of eastern theater, Sa'd ibn abi Waqqas, was informed that the people of Mosul had gathered in
682:. A natural rival to the Julanda kings, he forced them into retreat before the army from Medina completed its arduous journey through the
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to build a new garrison city, which later known as city of Haditha Mosul(new Mosul), that in the future will be simply known as city of
1835:, Hurqus participation recorded particularly when he was sent by Rashidun army superiors to defeat Hormuzan in 638 at Ahvaz (known as
1855:. Despite being suppressed by Ali, remnants of Hurqus hosts of Kharijites survived and would later influenced the splinter sects of
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of 17 AH, Umar wrote to Utbah to mobilize army forces to assist Al-Ala Al-Hadrami to the province of Persia and set sail by sea.
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evacuated the country. The allied forces of Arfajah and Julandi sibling fought the rebels under Laqit in the final engagement of
545:
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1247:. Poursharianti recorded this second Arfajah naval adventure were ended with the annexation of Kharg, in month of Safar, 14 AH.
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Later, in the year 12 AH, Bahrain were suffered from constant naval raids by Persians. Arfajah, who just conquered the town of
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as "day of tenth" (Yawm al-Ashir), due to the intensity of the battle where each one of Muslim soldiers managed to kill ten of
474:)), with full Nisba: Ibn Uday Ibn Haritha Ibn Amr Mazikiee Ibn Aamr bin Haritha Algtarif bin Imru al-Qais Thailb bin Mazen Ibn
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1558:, Majza' bin Thawr, and reinforcements from Kufah led by Abu Sabrah ibn Abi Rahm, until they rendezvous with the forces from
1394:, the Muslim army found it a suitable place to construct a base. Later, when the area was settled and a mosque was erected,
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attested that Arfajah had met Muhammad at least once and professed Islam during the Muhammad's lifetime. Arfajah narrated a
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After the Muslims landed in Basra in Dhul-Hijjah in the year 16 AH, the Islamic army was subjected to Persian raids led by
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in his biography remarks the charismatic leadership of Arfajah as his presence can raise the morale of his soldiers.
1675:. Thus to assist their conquest, Arfajah sent out settler contingents numbered 4,000 soldiers came from the tribe of
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Arfajah then designed seven dams of adobe in Basra, two in the settlement of Al-Khuraybah, one in az-Zabuqah, two in
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municipality announced on 18 February 2019 that reconstruction of the mosque was resumed, albeit damages caused by
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in the south. Thus, it became one of the fastest growing urban, administrative and economic centers in Caliphate.
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Age justice from the biography of the Commander of the Faithful Omar Ibn Al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him)
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in the instruction of Caliph Umar, who then further instructed the Bajalis to move toward Kufa. From this tribe,
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Contributions of Kurdish Scholars in Building Islamic Civilization during the Seventh and Eighth Hijri Centuries
1221:"...Arfaja sent to the coast of Persia, destroying many(enemy) ships, and conquered the island and build mosque"
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1629:. These garrison cities under Arfajah became main headquarters and supply route for the army that were sent to
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Arabia and informed al Ala, who in turn asking for assistance from the caliph. 'Umar responded in the month of
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798:, where they suffered heavy losses. responded to this calamity, caliph Umar reacted to send the contingent of
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1414:, constructed a fort, few churches, a mosque and a locality for the Jewish population. Until this moment,
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which led by Arfajah were the first to arrive in Tikrit, where they facing the Byzantine army allied with
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1672:
1119:
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Another troublesome Kharijite embryos that also came to Iraq under Arfajah were the ones that hail from
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inhabitants in the city, by facilitating dialogues with them, started to build a Mosque and tasking the
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Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
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1630:
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434:, (later known as the Umayyad Mosque). Arfajah was the first of the Rashidun caliphate who implemented
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tribe. After they finished with Tikrit, Ibn al-Mu'ta'm sent Rabi'i ibn al-Afkal and Arfajah to subdue
990:
2849:. United Arab Emirates. Office of the President of the State. Documentation and Research Center. 2010
2782:. United Arab Emirates. Office of the President of the State. Documentation and Research Center. 2010
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1445:, while delegate the governance of Mosul to al Harith ibn Hassan. Arfajah and Utbah then founded the
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Arfaja b. Harthama b. Abd-al-Uzza b. Zuhayr b. Thailbh b. Amr b. Sa`d b. Thailbh b. Kinanah al-Bariqi
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to be promoted in the city. While also setting up armed forces in this area to control security and
4910:(in Arabic). Translated by Anis Abdel Khaleq Mahmoud. Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies.
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Book of contention and strife concerning the relations between the Banū Umayya and the Banū Hāshim
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has remarked the rivalry between Arfajah with Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali over leadership of the
1259:
and brillant strategist, so if he comes to you, ask his consultation and keep him near (to you)".
822:, where they even succeeded slaying the Sassanid general, Mihran. which also called by Tabari and
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2010:
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1823:, more famously known as Dhu al-Khuwaysirah at-Tamimi, a Tamim tribe chieftain, first generation
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In the year 29 AH the next wave of Arab Muslim settlers arrived in Iraq under the leadership of
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Dar al Ifta Missriyyah Fatwa on Terrorism and Suicide Bombings by Dr. Muhammad Tahir al- Qadri
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it as headquarters, Utbah and Arfajah commence operation in south-eastern Iraq, and capturing
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1958:
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4271:. Translated by Khalid Yahya Blankinship. State University of New York Press. p. 2014.
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762:'s book that Arfajah were filled by impetuous Jihad spirit And he disregarded the advice of
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The Arab Conquest of Persia: The Khūzistān Province before and after the Muslims Triumph
2938:"دراسة في قبيلة الأزد - حسين نصار - الصفحة 813 - مجلة العرب، السنة الخامسة، سبتمبر 1970"
2376:"عرفجة بن هرثمة - الطنطاوي - الصفحة 108 - مجلة الوعي الإسلامي العدد (281)، يناير 1988 م"
1978:, and persuade the Arabs to reside in conquered lands, especially the one like Mosul..."
336:
Arfajah was one of the commanders of the eleven corps of army sent by the first caliph,
4539:الجامع ، جامع شمل اعلام المهاجرين المنتسبين إلى اليمن وقبائلهم – محمد عبد القادر بامطرف
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Conquest of Arabia-Alt10: The Conquest of Arabia: The Riddah Wars A.D. 632-633/A.H. 11
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continue to trust him. Mahmoud also praised Arfajah as one of the best warriors under
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The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 11 The Challenge to the Empires A.D. 633-635/A.H. 12-13
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immediately goes to Bahrain to reinforce his superior in Bahrain, al-Ala al Hadrami.
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Then as Utbah marched his army to return to Basra, he himself died while performing
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city, and together they besiege Ubulla until they managed to capture the port city.
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1285:. Arfajah manage to rendezvous with Utbah later in the location that will become a
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3678:كتاب الاكتفاء بما تضمنه من مغازي رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - والثلاثة الخلفاء
2846:ليوا: مجلة شهرية تصدر عن مركز الوثائق والبحوث، ديوان رئيس الدولة, المجلد 2،العدد 3
2779:ليوا: مجلة شهرية تصدر عن مركز الوثائق والبحوث، ديوان رئيس الدولة, المجلد 2،العدد 3
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Manhal al-awliyāʼ wa-mashrab al-aṣfiyāʼ min sādāt al-Mawṣil al-ḥudabāʼ , Volume 1
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al-Dhahabi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad; Al Arna'ut, Shuaib; Al-Arqsoussi, Muhammad Naim.
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The Places Where Men Pray Together: Cities in Islamic Lands, Seventh Through ...
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Zarrinkub, Abd al-Husain (1975). "The Arab conquest of Iran and its aftermath".
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Constructing Al-Azd: Tribal Identity and Society in the Early Islamic Centuriesد
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tribe, Arfajah had many problems in his rule with this tribe, that according to
1374:, as Jazira were adjacent to Mosul. The alternative explanation were offered by
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Planning of New Arab Islamic Cities in the Rashidun Era (13-40 AH / 634-661 AD)
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Constructing Al-Azd Tribal Identity and Society in the Early Islamic Centuries
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The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In
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The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
3738:
3736:
3340:
5164:
4711:
Economic life in Persia : during the period from 232-334 AH / 846-945 AD
4306:"The Kharijites of the past & QSIS of today: two faces of the same coin?"
3046:تخطيط المدن العربية الإسلامية الجديدة في العصر الراشدي (13-40 هـ / 634-661 م)
2104:
2102:
1957:, in his book praised Arfajah for his decisiveness in crucial moments. While
1945:
Caliph Umar praise Arfajah as military strategy expert at one time and urged
1883:
1680:
1500:
1371:
1322:
1314:
1208:
1196:
467:
357:
91:
73:
4645:
4442:
854:
3733:
2275:
1971:
1808:
1759:
1751:
1458:
1375:
1347:
1244:
1240:
1224:
849:
747:
731:
439:
4627:
From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates : a society in transition
4527:
2568:أطلس حروب الردة: في عهد الخليفة الراشد أبي بكر الصديق- المغلوث - الصفحة 56
2099:
1867:
radical sects that will plagued the entire history of Rashidun Caliphate,
706:, in the aftermath of this conflict Arfajah found and brought a boy named
674:, who received him with pleasure. The leader of the apostates of Oman was
4481:
An Early Islamic Family from Oman Al-'Awtabī's Account of the Muhallabids
3615:
3465:
2448:
2305:
2303:
1998:
1906:
1804:
1725:
1590:
1415:
1382:
Due to instruction from caliph Umar, Arfaja Al-Bariqi set up a garrison (
1290:
1227:
secured the water ways for Muslims army and paving the way for the later
1204:
340:, to quell a rebellion after Muhammad died. Arfajah was one of the first
4778:
3591:
3202:"History of Khalifa bin Khayat - Khalifa bin Khayat Al Asfari - page 97"
2671:
1970:"...(Arfajah) Al-Barqi was a person who has a passion for organization,
379:, as he participated in the major battles against the Sassanids such as
4681:
3558:
3224:
3222:
2251:
The Army and the Weapon , Volume 4/Volume 4 of al-Jaysh wa-al-silāḥ The
2197:
1824:
1478:
1465:
1310:
1256:
1216:
739:
711:
562:
526:
4606:
3526:
3440:
3081:
3079:
3077:
2300:
1457:, started to fill the complex with tribes of Azd, Tamim, and tribe of
5130:
5113:
4484:. Vol. 1. Translated by Martin Hinds. University of Manchester.
4259:
3842:
Ibn-ʻAbd-al-Ḥakam, Abu-ʼl-Qāsim ʻAbd-ar-Raḥmān Ibn-ʻAbdallāh (1975).
3643:
2890:
2888:
1551:
1515:
1503:. Arfajah now acted as the administrator of Basra as Utbah had died.
1282:
759:
755:
746:
invasions in history, and conquered a large number of islands in the
483:
185:
87:
4587:
3647:
3619:
3219:
3009:
2759:
2742:
2279:
2001:
judgement, as he was the one who recognized the talent of the young
1831:
participated among the Arab settler hosts brought by Arfajah during
1281:
from Bahrain to immediately reinforce Utbah who is marching towards
794:. However the Muthanna and Arfaja experienced major drawback in the
4036:
4034:
3676:
3654:
The Book of Nations Experiences and the Succession of Determination
3347:
IBN KHALDOUN, ABDULRAHMAN IBN MOHAMMED (2016). TOUQAN, RAMI (ed.).
3074:
1703:
1699:
1570:, which then chased by the Muslim armies that ended in the lengthy
1567:
1527:
1519:
1223:. It is said by historians this Arfajah operations in the coast of
1200:
1180:
727:
671:
647:
451:
361:
337:
322:
5020:
Arabs in the Early Islamic Empire Exploring Al-Azd Tribal Identity
4935:
Tārīkh al-Dawlah al-ʻArabīyyah: Khilāfat al-Rashīdin w-al-Umuwiyīn
3971:(Illustrated ed.). University of Chicago Press. p. 104.
3432:
3150:العدالة العمرية من سيرة أمير المؤمنين عمر بن الخطاب (رضي الله عنه)
2885:
1511:
1317:. Sa'd lead the Muslim army to cross the river and engaged in the
5147:
5053:
4252:
3516:
3514:
3193:
1856:
1626:
1618:
1540:
1484:
In response, Utbah sent an army of 12,000 fighters, which led by
1355:
1351:
1183:. This time, Arfajah, under al Ala, were attacking the island of
662:
Having re-established Islam in Mahra, Ikrimah moved his corps to
427:
285:
5055:
Early Islamic Oman (ca - 622/280-893) : a political history
4031:
3140:
2270:
2268:
2108:
1909:
sect, that even survived up to 20th century modern era in Oman.
845:
691:, killing Maskan. Leaving behind all their silver and gold, the
3718:الاكتفا بما تضمنه من مغازي رسول الله (ص) والثلاثة الخلفا 1-2 ج2
2908:]. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. p. 441.
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2089:
2087:
1914:
1879:
1864:
1844:
1800:
1657:
1622:
1419:
1338:
799:
779:
667:
514:
495:
479:
475:
416:
266:
244:
229:
167:
4706:الحياة الاقتصادية في فارس: خلال الفترة من 232-334 هـ/846-945 م
3749:. Cultural House for Publishing and Distribution. p. 68.
3511:
4051:]. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. p. 381
3869:
3867:
3551:
3458:
2265:
1860:
1839:
in modern era), and forced the city to pay jizya (poll-tax).
1836:
1755:
1730:
1692:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1531:
1446:
1442:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1387:
1383:
1334:
1286:
834:
688:
663:
530:
491:
487:
463:
435:
423:
408:
365:
330:
279:
272:
234:
217:
179:
173:
50:
34:
4713:]. King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies.
2873:
2818:
2084:
1255:
I have provided you with Arfajah ibn Harthamah, and he is a
4349:
4240:
4167:
2861:
1927:
1778:
1711:
1684:
1559:
1536:
1496:
1411:
1395:
1391:
1362:
However, regarding Mosul there is conflicting reports that
763:
743:
510:
471:
369:
349:
83:
4049:
Brief History of Iraq (Ancient History of Iraq) 1-6 Part 4
3892:
3864:
3775:
3773:
3486:
3255:
Nováček, Karel; Melčák, Miroslav; Starková, Lenka (2017).
2982:
2980:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
375:
An energetic military general, Arfajah contributed to the
4659:. the University of Michigan: Darwin Press. p. 202.
4082:
4080:
4078:
3353:. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. p. 41.
3183:
3181:
3157:] (in Arabic). Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah. p. 160.
3106:
2952:
1848:
1676:
430:. His architectural achievements include building of the
326:
221:
4605:
Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd (2018).
4106:
3821:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–57.
3583:
2929:
2626:
2590:
2588:
2274:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
352:. as he was entrusted to lead the Azd naval forces from
16:
7th-century companion of Muhammad and military commander
4324:
4155:
3770:
2977:
2605:
2603:
2454:
2329:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
4374:
4075:
3835:
3693:
3420:
3408:
3178:
2734:
2722:
2391:
2389:
2198:
Ibn Kathir, Abu al-Fiḍā 'Imād Ad-Din Ismā'īl ibn 'Umar
2192:
2190:
2188:
1581:, Arfajah continued to press deeper of Khuzestan with
1471:
1219:
regarding Arfaja naval campaign during this occasion:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4228:
4100:"محافظة نينوى : البدء بإعمار جامع الموصل الكبير"
4063:
4041:
Shuhailat, Ali; al-Hamdani, Abdul Aziz Ilyas (2011).
3644:
Ibn Miskawayh, Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb
3254:
3231:"Fotouh Al-Buldan - Al-Baladhuri - Part 1 - page 210"
2585:
2485:
2370:
2368:
2166:
2132:
2130:
3536:
Islamic History - Part 3: The Rightly-Guided Caliphs
3258:
Medieval Urban Landscape in Northeastern Mesopotamia
2806:
2600:
2544:
The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Supplement, المجلدات 1-5
2497:
2473:
2062:
1773:
during the era of Umayyad Caliphate. In modern era,
1765:
Arfajah also known being the first architect of the
1717:
Arfajah ruled Mosul until his death in 34 AH/654 AD
782:, Arfajah marched to rendezvous with the army under
4386:
4040:
3796:
3784:
2520:[Al Ansab- Ibn Hajar - part 7 - page 185].
2386:
2239:
2237:
2224:
2222:
2185:
1617:In year 25 AH, Arfajah choose a small village near
1434:View of Basra in circa 1695, by Dutch cartographer
1199:. This continued until Arfajah reached the port of
364:coastal incursions. He later served as Governor of
4292:
3608:
3374:
2710:
2688:
2651:
2636:The History of the Apostles and Kings - Part Three
2365:
2127:
4118:
3841:
3616:Ibn Khaldun, Abū Zayd 'Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad
3539:(in Arabic). Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah. p. 163
3261:. Archaeological Publishing Limited. p. 68.
2142:
1574:, which is where Hormuzan finally taken captive.
1398:ordered the resettlement of the 4000 settlers to
5162:
4006:
2234:
2219:
1982:Regarding his social intelligence, according to
1814:
1195:started to send ships towards Sassanid coast in
4044:مختصر تاريخ العراق (تاريخ العراق القديم) 1-6 ج4
3917:
3674:
3668:
2253:]. University of Michigan. 1988. p. 52
1851:, Hurqus were among those who fight him in the
734:that Arfajah conquered from the coast of Oman.
4954:Encyclopedia of Persian Gulf History: Part One
4785:Leaders of the Conquest of Iraq and Al-Jazeera
4128:Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites
4013:ʻUmarī, Muḥammad Amīn ibn Khayr Allāh (1967).
2740:
2673:المفصل في تاريخ النجف الأشرف - حسن عيسى الحكيم
2615:
2288:] (First ed.). Beirut: 'Alam al-Kitab
1769:, which later further expanded and rebuilt by
1468:, and the last two in al-Azd tribe settlement
1366:recorded the one who subdue Mosul was instead
478:Ibn Al-Ghoth Ibn Nabit Ibn Malik bin Zaid Ibn
438:, an Islamic permanent garrison fortress with
4125:Timani, Hussam S. (2008). Lang, Peter (ed.).
3955:
3642:
2894:
2770:
1640:Later, in year 26 AH, as the caliphate under
884:
870:
546:
4903:
4855:
3934:]. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah. p. 45.
3346:
2879:
2867:
2765:
2276:ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadani, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad
1266:Caliph Umar praise Arfajah in his letter to
344:commanders, as Abu Bakr dispatched him with
4414:
3802:
3790:
3614:
3312:
2467:
2033:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
1754:said that Arfajah were the first who built
4827:
4734:
4680:
4589:Mu'jam al Buldan (Dictionary of Countries)
4561:. Princeton University Press. p. 40.
4330:
4161:
3742:
3656:]. al Maktaba al Shamilat. p. 371
3380:
3316:Omar the Great, the Second Caliph of Islam
3112:
2812:
2794:
2196:
2079:
1803:historian, consider Arfajah as pioneer of
1781:, with a 50 million dollar grant from the
1600:
877:
863:
769:
717:
553:
539:
4623:
4582:
4512:. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 48.
4477:
4380:
4355:
4303:
4216:
3899:Miṣrī, Jamīl ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad (1988).
3873:
3814:
3808:
3636:
3589:
3492:
3146:
3085:
3015:
2997:]. Dar Al-Turath Library. p. 580
2958:
2747:(First ed.). Baghdad: Dar Al-Rasheed
2491:
2228:
1328:
333:clan that inhabited Southwestern Arabia.
5051:
4856:al Maghlouth, Sami ibn Abdullah (2015).
4803:Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook
4604:
4535:
4246:
4204:
4112:
3961:
3923:
3779:
3715:bin Musa, abi al Rabie sulayman (2000).
3714:
3464:
3441:"al Buldan(countries) Part: 1 Page: 229"
3319:. the University of Michigan. p. 43
3090:[al Kamal fi Tarikh; page 546].
3042:
3020:[al Kamal fi Tarikh; page 546].
2986:
2669:
2503:
2419:
2335:
2057:The Great Arab Conquests by Hugh Kennedy
2013:dismissed the boy due to his young age.
1984:Salama ibn Muslim ibn Ibrāhīm al-ʿAwtabī
1905:has rise in the era of Ali, to form the
1724:
1604:
1510:
1506:
1429:
844:
840:
726:
678:, known as 'the one with the crown', or
5211:People of the Muslim conquest of Persia
5081:
5004:. the University of Wisconsin - Madison
4799:
4776:
4748:
4536:Bamatraf, Muhammad Abdul Qadir (1981).
4419:United Arab Emirates: a new perspective
4086:
3699:
3571:] (in Arabic). ktab Inc. p. 77
3557:
3426:
3414:
3199:
3187:
2728:
2621:
2515:
2395:
2341:
2179:
1215:and al-Arqsoussi recorded the words of
722:
5163:
5016:
4997:
4978:
4950:
4554:
4505:
4478:al-Awtabi, Salamah ibn Muslim (1991).
4415:Abed, Ibrahim; Hellyer, Peter (2001).
4392:
4258:
4234:
4222:
4210:
4173:
4124:
4069:
4012:
3924:Barzanji, Tarifa Ahmad Uthman (2010).
3721:. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah. p. 535
3520:
2831:
2632:
2609:
2594:
2518:"الإصابة - ابن حجر - ج ٧ - الصفحة ١٨٥"
2479:
2286:The book of Countries(Kitab al Buldan)
2148:
411:. He also engaged briefly against the
4652:
3898:
3532:
3438:
3228:
2697:"Tarikh Ahmed Jawdat Pasha, page 139"
2547:. Brill. August 22, 2008. p. 194
2423:فرسان النهار من الصحابة الأخيار - ج 4
2093:
1593:, until Arfajah arrived in the great
1243:Then continued to until they reached
858:
742:, Arfajah led the first Arab-Islamic
534:
348:corps to fight opponents of Islam in
4931:
4883:
4834:. Casemate Publishers. p. 112.
4702:
4449:
2800:
2716:
2657:
2136:
1913:authority with most extreme form of
5201:Governors of the Rashidun Caliphate
5091:التاريخ الإسلامي دون تشويه أو تزوير
4979:Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (2021).
4000:Usd al-ghabah fi marifat al-Saḥabah
3852:]. Library of Cairo. p. 70
3113:al Mawsili, Sulaiman Sayid (2013).
3016:Ibn Athir, Ali (10 November 2018).
2633:Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (2018).
1758:, or Islamic fortess garrison with
1472:Assisting al Ala al Hadrami in Fars
650:dispatched Arfaja bin Harthama and
310:
13:
5196:Generals of the Rashidun Caliphate
5181:Admirals of the Rashidun Caliphate
4985:. Shia Online Library. p. 646
4423:. London: Trident Press. pp.
4304:al- Qadri, Muhammad Tahir (2021).
3877:كتاب فتوح البلدان(Futuh al Buldan)
3496:كتاب فتوح البلدان(Futuh al Buldan)
3381:al Ghulami, Abd al Mun'im (1965).
3053:]. Dar az Zahran. p. 60.
2962:كتاب فتوح البلدان(Futuh al Buldan)
2694:
1648:, Arfajah handled the affair with
1301:Later, Arfajah also witnessed the
1235:to an Island, which identified by
14:
5232:
5052:al-Rawas, Isam Ali Ahmad (1990).
4703:Jabr, Hessa Abdel Rahman (2004).
4630:. London: Motivate. p. 128.
4102:. Awajel Press. 18 February 2019.
3902:الموالي: موقف الدولة الأموية منهم
3466:Ibn Sa'd, Abū 'Abd Allāh Muḥammad
3086:Ibn Athir, Ali (2 October 2018).
2995:Qadisiyah and the battles of Iraq
2987:Bashamil, Muhammad Ahmad (1985).
2935:
1695:military patrols on the borders.
1425:
415:during the conquest of Mosul and
4656:Studies in early Islamic history
3596:. دار الكتب العلمية. p. 539
3350:THE INTRODUCTION OF IBN KHALDOUN
3147:al-Hijazi, Ali Sa'd Ali (2009).
2161:Studies in early Islamic history
1550:, as they then marching towards
1546:In 18 AH, Arfajah began to the
1453:, and Arfajah fellow tribesmen,
1249:
754:, who narrated from the text of
407:, where he captured the city of
4904:Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2021).
4092:
3992:
3675:al Lakika'i, Abu Rabi' (2018).
3564:سير أعلام النبلاء - الجزء الأول
3439:Ibn Faqih, Ahmad ibn Muhammad.
3331:
3294:
3282:
2837:
2663:
2571:. العبيكان للنشر. 9 July 2015.
2559:
2535:
2509:
2438:
2413:
2401:
2038:
1785:. Completion date was not set.
5206:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
5023:. Edinburgh University Press.
4777:Khattab, Mahmud Sheet (2010).
4611:. ar-lib-eshia-ir. p. 367
3289:Iraq After The Muslim Conquest
2670:al-Hakim, Hassan Issa (2018).
2154:
2050:
1790:Mahmud Abdul Qadir al-Bamatraf
1729:Great mosque (Masjid Jami) of
802:tribe under the leadership of
670:in 632 to swear fealty to the
560:
303:Arfajah ibn Harthama al-Bariqi
1:
5148:Caliphate governor of Haditha
3649:كتاب تجارب الأمم وتعاقب الهمم
3387:. Shafiq Press. p. 104.
2278:(1996). Yusuf al Hadi (ed.).
2043:
1815:Hurqus & Iraqi Kharijites
1767:great Umayyad mosque of Mosul
1635:Muslim conquest of Azerbaijan
1499:in 17 AH during the month of
520:
4932:Rawi, Thabit Ismail (1970).
4359:جوامع الموسل في مختلف العصور
3743:al Hussein, Suhaila (2007).
3229:Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya.
3116:The history of Mosul 1-2 c 1
2741:Ibn Ja'far, Qudamah (1981).
1968:, Sa'id Al-Diwaji remarked:
1920:
1903:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi
1888:Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali
1614:of the caliphate territory.
1451:Mujaz'ah ibn Thawr as-Sadusi
804:Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali
445:
405:Muslim conquest of Khuzestan
196:Muslim conquest of Khuzestan
153:Conquest of Maysan governate
7:
5131:Caliphate governor of Mosul
5114:Caliphate governor of Mosul
4998:Ulrich, Brian John (2008).
4982:History of al-Tabari part 2
4891:. Columbia University Press
4806:. Oxford University Press.
4558:The Early Islamic Conquests
3850:Studies of Ibn Abd al Hakam
3621:Tarikh Ibn Khaldun; c 2 s 2
3119:. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah.
2016:
1673:Muslim conquest of Khorasan
368:during the reign of Caliph
10:
5237:
4831:Fārs-nāma of Ibnu l-Balkhī
4735:Jalalipour, Saeid (2014).
4624:Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005).
4402:
4260:Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir
4177:The Secret History of Iran
4115:, p. Chapter 3; p. 32
3905:. Dar Umm Qura. p. 41
2202:"page 83 البداية والنهاية"
1847:. During the Caliphate of
1821:Hurqus ibn Zuhayr as-Sa'di
1733:which designed by Arfajah.
1631:Muslim conquest of Armenia
1554:. Arfajah marched on with
615:Al-Aswad al-Ansi rebellion
524:
462:, which then claimed that
284:Founder & Governor of
241:Harthamah ibn Abd al-Uzza
96:Amir al-Bahr(commander of
5191:Companions of the Prophet
5154:
5145:
5142:
5137:
5128:
5125:
5120:
5111:
5108:
5060:Theses, Durham University
4800:Kurzman, Charles (2002).
4356:al Diwaji, Sa'id (1963).
4134:. Peter Lang. p. 9.
3874:Baladhuri, Ahmad (1866).
3681:. Al Maktaba. p. 549
3624:. al Maktaba. p. 110
3559:adh-Dhahabi, Shams ad Din
3533:al-Hijazi, Ali Sa'd Ali.
3493:Baladhuri, Ahmad (1866).
2959:Baladhuri, Ahmad (1866).
2581:– via Google Books.
2315:Google Arts & Culture
2112:Siyar a'lam Nubala part I
2003:Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra
1875:with endemic rebellions.
1720:
1669:Muslim conquest of Sistan
1410:Arfaja at the command of
896:
818:again, in the victorious
708:Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra
570:
377:Muslim conquest of Persia
325:. He was a member of the
255:
209:
103:
79:
67:
56:
44:
28:
21:
4828:Le Strange, Guy (2014).
4555:Donner, Fred M. (2014).
4331:al-Tantawi, Ali (1988).
4312:. Dar al Ifta Missriyyah
4183:. Lulu.com. p. 44.
4019:. Maṭbaʻat al-Jumhūrīyah
3880:. E.J BRILL. p. 235
3499:. E.J BRILL. p. 341
3313:Nu'mani, Shibli (1962).
2989:
2965:. E.J BRILL. p. 331
2639:(in Arabic). p. 471
2516:al Asqalani, Ibn Hajar.
2281:كتاب البلدان لابن الفقيه
1488:, Arfajah bin Harthama,
517:directly from Muhammad.
397:Siege of Ctesiphon (637)
162:Siege of Ctesiphon (637)
4951:Shakir, Mahmud (2005).
4859:أطلس الفتوحات الإسلامية
4608:جمهرة أنساب العرب Vol 1
4506:Hawley, Donald (1970).
3845:دراسات عن إبن عبد الحكم
3590:Ibn Athir, Ali (1987).
3043:al-Hawla, 'Ali (2011).
2990:القادسية و معارك العراق
2896:al Kandahlawi, Muhammad
2468:Abed & Hellyer 2001
2420:Abd al Latif, Hussein.
2246:الجيش والسلاح, المجلد 4
2011:Abdur Rahman ibn Samura
1936:Battle of al-Qadisiyyah
1621:in the eastern bank of
1601:Second Mosul governance
1333:Later, at the month of
1303:Battle of al-Qadisiyyah
1229:Muslim conquest of Pars
1177:Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha
784:al-Muthanna ibn Haritha
770:Campaign under Muthanna
718:Conquest against Persia
710:, a future famous anti-
676:Laqit bin Malik Al-Azdi
509:, as he met Muhammad.
505:Arfajah is accounted a
393:Battle of al-Qadisiyyah
321:of the Islamic prophet
124:Muslim conquest of Pars
5017:Ulrich, Brian (2019).
4884:Muir, William (1924).
4780:دة فتح العراق والجزيرة
4749:Kennedy, Hugh (2010).
4653:Hinds, Martin (1996).
4456:. BRILL. p. 102.
4174:Subani, Hamad (2013).
3200:Ibn Khayyat, Khalifa.
2901:Biography of Companion
2311:"Mosul's First Mosque"
1734:
1610:
1609:Grand mosque of Mosul.
1523:
1486:Asim ibn Amr al-Tamimi
1438:
1329:First Mosul governance
1311:al Mughira ibn Shu'bah
1261:
852:
735:
381:Naval conquest of Pars
311:عرفجة بن هرثمة البارقي
4334:Arfajah ibn Harthamah
4213:, p. 196,197,342
3337:Nadvi (2000), pg. 418
2744:الخراج وصناعة الكتابة
1997:, Arfajah has a good
1959:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
1833:Conquest of Khuzestan
1738:Mahmoud Sheet Khattab
1728:
1710:in the north towards
1608:
1548:conquest of Khuzestan
1514:
1507:Conquest of Khuzestan
1433:
1253:
1203:, where according to
848:
841:Second naval campaign
730:
507:companion of Muhammad
4938:. Maṭbaʻat al-Irshād
4450:Abru, Hafiz (2019).
2684:– via Top4Top.
2028:Islamization of Iran
2023:Early Caliphate navy
1783:United Arab Emirates
1587:Al-Nu'man ibn Muqrin
1564:Al-Nu'man ibn Muqrin
1522:, Abbasid geographer
1455:Hudhayfah ibn Muhsin
1364:Khalifah ibn Khayyat
796:Battle of the Bridge
723:First naval campaign
714:general, to Medina.
385:Battle of the Bridge
346:Hudaifa bin Mihsan's
263:First chain Narrator
157:Battle of Qadisiyyah
139:Battle of the Bridge
3235:Shia Online Library
3206:Shia Online Library
3088:"الكامل في التاريخ"
3018:"الكامل في التاريخ"
2522:Shia Online library
1932:Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
1827:and veteran of the
1775:Nineveh Governorate
1771:Marwan ibn Muhammad
1642:Uthman ibn al-Affan
1583:Abu Musa al-Ash'ari
1319:besiege the capital
1307:Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
1211:ships in a battle,
776:Khalid ibn al-Walid
652:Hudhayfah al-Bariqi
511:Umar ibn al Khattab
466:were descendant of
290:first architect of
23:Arfaja bin Harthama
5216:Governors of Mosul
5155:Succeeded by
5138:Succeeded by
5121:Succeeded by
4682:Ibn Kathir, Ismail
4509:The Trucial States
4249:, pp. 80–248.
3593:at-Tarikh; Part: 2
3569:Siyar A'lam Nubala
2200:(2 October 2018).
1940:Siege of Ctesiphon
1853:Battle of Nahrawan
1735:
1611:
1595:Battle of Nahavand
1556:Al-Bara' ibn Malik
1524:
1439:
1296:Maysan Governorate
1207:Arfajah sunk many
1179:while they are in
853:
752:Ahmed Jawdat Pasha
736:
490:) Ibn Yashjub Ibn
432:Mosul Grand Mosque
401:Battle of Nahavand
292:Mosul Grand Mosque
201:Battle of Nahāvand
61:Rashidun Caliphate
5159:
5158:
5143:Preceded by
5126:Preceded by
5109:Preceded by
3828:978-0-521-20093-6
2880:Pourshariati 2021
2868:Pourshariati 2021
2766:al Maghlouth 2015
1947:Utbah ibn Ghazwan
1665:Abdallah ibn Amir
1644:annexed the city
1579:Siege of Shushtar
1572:Siege of Shushtar
1530:from the city of
1459:Sadus ibn Shayban
1352:Taghlib ibn Wa'il
1278:Utbah ibn Ghazwan
1274:
1273:
1268:Utbah ibn Ghazwan
1213:Shuaib Al Arna'ut
1172:
1171:
1148:Other geographies
788:Battle of Namaraq
643:
642:
498:Ibn Hud (Eber)).
360:in order to stop
315:Arfajah al-Bariqi
313:) (also known as
300:
299:
275:(642–654) (twice)
248:
238:
226:
191:Siege of Shushtar
129:Battle of Namaraq
5228:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5013:
5011:
5009:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4745:
4743:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4687:البداية والنهاية
4677:
4675:
4673:
4649:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4584:al-Hamawi, Yaqut
4579:
4577:
4575:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4542:. Dar ar Rasheed
4531:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4446:
4422:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4301:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4270:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4182:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4133:
4122:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4038:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3871:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3812:
3806:
3803:Ibn Khaldun 2018
3800:
3794:
3791:Ibn Khaldun 2018
3788:
3782:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3712:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3471:Tabaqat al Kubra
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3226:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3083:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2936:Nazar, Hussein.
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2892:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2774:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2630:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2598:
2592:
2583:
2582:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2452:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2378:. Archived from
2372:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2317:. Al-Ghadd Radio
2307:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2241:
2232:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2194:
2183:
2177:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2106:
2097:
2091:
2082:
2077:
2060:
2054:
2009:leader, despite
2005:, future famous
1996:
1966:Mosul University
1900:
1837:Hormizd-Ardashir
1829:Battle of Hunayn
1819:It is said that
1798:
1746:
1708:Euphrates Region
1344:Rashidun cavalry
1250:
1193:
891:
887:Muslim conquest
879:
872:
865:
856:
855:
828:Sassanid soldier
824:Ali ibn al-Athir
820:Battle of Buwaib
816:
792:Battle of Kaskar
610:Dawmat al-Jandal
565:
555:
548:
541:
532:
531:
389:Battle of Buwaib
312:
242:
232:
224:
144:Battle of Buwaib
134:Battle of Kaskar
69:
19:
18:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5161:
5160:
5151:
5134:
5117:
5104:
5095:
5093:
5083:Sergani, Ragheb
5065:
5063:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5007:
5005:
4988:
4986:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4941:
4939:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4894:
4892:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4790:
4788:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4755:. Hachette UK.
4741:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4693:
4691:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4638:
4614:
4612:
4595:
4593:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4545:
4543:
4520:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4435:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4391:
4387:
4379:
4375:
4365:
4363:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4329:
4325:
4315:
4313:
4302:
4293:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4268:
4257:
4253:
4245:
4241:
4233:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4180:
4172:
4168:
4162:Jalalipour 2014
4160:
4156:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4111:
4107:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4085:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4052:
4039:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4011:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3960:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3922:
3918:
3908:
3906:
3897:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3872:
3865:
3855:
3853:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3741:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3713:
3706:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3673:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3641:
3637:
3627:
3625:
3613:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3437:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3379:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3322:
3320:
3311:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3227:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3094:. al Islamiyyah
3084:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3024:. al Islamiyyah
3014:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2991:
2985:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2893:
2886:
2878:
2874:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2830:
2819:
2813:Le Strange 2014
2811:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2739:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2695:Jawdat, Ahmad.
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2668:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2608:
2601:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2455:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2387:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2273:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2195:
2186:
2178:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2085:
2080:Ibn Kathir 2003
2078:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2019:
1986:
1923:
1890:
1817:
1792:
1740:
1723:
1603:
1509:
1474:
1428:
1331:
1237:Ahmad ibn Mājid
1233:Jazireh-ye Shif
1187:
1173:
1168:
1154:Northern Persia
892:
888:
885:
883:
843:
806:
778:transferred to
772:
738:In the year 12
725:
720:
704:Yaqut al-Hamawi
697:Battle of Dibba
672:Caliph Abu Bakr
644:
639:
635:Yemen rebellion
620:Mahra rebellion
566:
561:
559:
529:
523:
448:
342:caliphate naval
296:
256:Other work
251:
205:
149:Siege of Ubulla
119:Battle of Darin
114:Battle of Dibba
110:Battle of Mahra
95:
49:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5234:
5224:
5223:
5221:Yemeni Muslims
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5136:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5110:
5103:
5102:
5073:
5072:
5043:
5042:
5029:
5014:
4995:
4976:
4963:
4957:. p. 83.
4948:
4929:
4917:978-6144453704
4916:
4901:
4881:
4868:
4853:
4840:
4825:
4812:
4797:
4774:
4762:978-0297865599
4761:
4746:
4732:
4719:
4700:
4678:
4665:
4650:
4636:
4621:
4602:
4580:
4567:
4552:
4532:
4518:
4503:
4490:
4475:
4463:978-9004402348
4462:
4447:
4433:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4385:
4381:al-Awtabi 1991
4373:
4362:. Shafiq Press
4348:
4323:
4291:
4277:
4251:
4239:
4227:
4215:
4203:
4189:
4166:
4154:
4140:
4117:
4105:
4091:
4089:, p. 325.
4074:
4072:, p. 225.
4062:
4030:
4005:
3991:
3977:
3963:Wheatley, Paul
3954:
3941:978-2745166234
3940:
3916:
3891:
3863:
3834:
3827:
3807:
3795:
3783:
3769:
3756:978-9773392062
3755:
3732:
3704:
3702:, p. 359.
3692:
3667:
3635:
3607:
3582:
3550:
3525:
3510:
3485:
3457:
3445:Library E-Shia
3431:
3429:, p. 332.
3419:
3417:, p. 327.
3407:
3393:
3384:الأنساب والأسر
3373:
3359:
3339:
3330:
3305:
3293:
3281:
3267:
3247:
3218:
3192:
3190:, p. 358.
3177:
3164:978-2745162380
3163:
3139:
3126:978-2745179449
3125:
3105:
3073:
3059:
3035:
3008:
2976:
2951:
2928:
2914:
2884:
2872:
2860:
2836:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2769:
2758:
2733:
2731:, p. 124.
2721:
2709:
2687:
2662:
2650:
2625:
2614:
2599:
2597:, p. 646.
2584:
2577:
2558:
2534:
2508:
2496:
2492:Heard-Bey 2005
2484:
2472:
2453:
2437:
2412:
2400:
2385:
2382:on 2019-12-21.
2364:
2340:
2338:, p. 367.
2328:
2299:
2264:
2233:
2229:al-Hamawi 1995
2218:
2184:
2182:, p. 361.
2165:
2153:
2141:
2139:, p. 127.
2126:
2098:
2083:
2061:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2015:
1976:urban planning
1955:Ali Al-Tantawi
1922:
1919:
1816:
1813:
1722:
1719:
1602:
1599:
1508:
1505:
1490:Ahnaf ibn Qais
1473:
1470:
1436:Isaak de Graaf
1427:
1426:Founding Basra
1424:
1370:, governor of
1368:Iyad ibn Ghanm
1330:
1327:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1041:Central Persia
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
897:
894:
893:
882:
881:
874:
867:
859:
842:
839:
771:
768:
724:
721:
719:
716:
702:It is said by
641:
640:
638:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
571:
568:
567:
558:
557:
550:
543:
535:
522:
519:
458:line-age were
447:
444:
329:branch of the
298:
297:
295:
294:
288:
282:
278:co-founder of
276:
269:
259:
257:
253:
252:
250:
249:
239:
227:
213:
211:
207:
206:
204:
203:
198:
193:
188:
182:
176:
170:
164:
159:
154:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
107:
105:
101:
100:
81:
77:
76:
71:
65:
64:
58:
54:
53:
46:
42:
41:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5233:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5176:Arab generals
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5150:
5149:
5141:
5133:
5132:
5124:
5116:
5115:
5107:
5092:
5088:
5087:"موقعة الجسر"
5084:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5032:
5030:9781474436823
5026:
5022:
5021:
5015:
5003:
5002:
4996:
4984:
4983:
4977:
4966:
4964:9796500011394
4960:
4956:
4955:
4949:
4937:
4936:
4930:
4919:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4902:
4890:
4889:
4882:
4871:
4869:9789960548517
4865:
4861:
4860:
4854:
4843:
4841:9781909724679
4837:
4833:
4832:
4826:
4815:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4798:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4775:
4764:
4758:
4754:
4753:
4747:
4740:
4739:
4733:
4722:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4701:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4679:
4668:
4666:9780878501090
4662:
4658:
4657:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4622:
4610:
4609:
4603:
4592:. Dar as Sadr
4591:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4570:
4568:9781400847877
4564:
4560:
4559:
4553:
4541:
4540:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4519:9780049530058
4515:
4511:
4510:
4504:
4493:
4491:9780951612408
4487:
4483:
4482:
4476:
4465:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4420:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4394:
4389:
4382:
4377:
4361:
4360:
4352:
4337:. p. 110
4336:
4335:
4327:
4311:
4307:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4280:
4278:9780791496848
4274:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4248:
4247:al-Rawas 1990
4243:
4237:, p. 97.
4236:
4231:
4225:, p. 381
4224:
4219:
4212:
4207:
4192:
4190:9781304082893
4186:
4179:
4178:
4170:
4163:
4158:
4143:
4141:9780820497013
4137:
4130:
4129:
4121:
4114:
4113:Bamatraf 1981
4109:
4101:
4095:
4088:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4071:
4066:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4035:
4018:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3980:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3958:
3943:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3920:
3904:
3903:
3895:
3879:
3878:
3870:
3868:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3811:
3805:, p. 113
3804:
3799:
3793:, p. 112
3792:
3787:
3781:
3780:Bamatraf 1981
3776:
3774:
3758:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3739:
3737:
3720:
3719:
3711:
3709:
3701:
3696:
3680:
3679:
3671:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3595:
3594:
3586:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3538:
3537:
3529:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3498:
3497:
3489:
3474:. p. 730
3473:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3446:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3423:
3416:
3411:
3396:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3377:
3362:
3360:9782745183958
3356:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3334:
3318:
3317:
3309:
3302:
3297:
3290:
3285:
3270:
3268:9781784915193
3264:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3223:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3166:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3143:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3109:
3093:
3092:Al-Islamiyyah
3089:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3062:
3060:9796500011547
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3039:
3023:
3022:Al-Islamiyyah
3019:
3012:
2996:
2992:
2983:
2981:
2964:
2963:
2955:
2939:
2932:
2917:
2915:9782745147615
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2882:, p. 270
2881:
2876:
2870:, p. 354
2869:
2864:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2815:, p. 112
2814:
2809:
2803:, p. 102
2802:
2797:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2767:
2762:
2746:
2745:
2737:
2730:
2725:
2719:, p. 66.
2718:
2713:
2698:
2691:
2676:. p. 295
2675:
2674:
2666:
2660:, p. 49.
2659:
2654:
2638:
2637:
2629:
2623:
2618:
2612:, p. 91.
2611:
2606:
2604:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2580:
2578:9786035038249
2574:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2504:al-Rawas 1990
2500:
2493:
2488:
2482:, p. 48.
2481:
2476:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2425:
2424:
2416:
2409:
2404:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2336:Ibn Ḥazm 2018
2332:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2238:
2231:, p. 230
2230:
2225:
2223:
2207:
2206:Al-Islamiyyah
2203:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2114:
2113:
2105:
2103:
2096:, p. 202
2095:
2090:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1907:Ibāḍiyya Wahb
1904:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1884:Sayf ibn Umar
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1727:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1504:
1502:
1501:Dhu al-Hijjah
1498:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1323:Yazdegerd III
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:Tarout Island
1191:
1186:
1185:Darin (Qatif)
1182:
1178:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
991:al-Qādisiyyah
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
902:
901:
895:
890:
880:
875:
873:
868:
866:
861:
860:
857:
851:
847:
838:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
814:
810:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
733:
729:
715:
713:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
657:
653:
649:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
575:Dhu al-Qassah
573:
572:
569:
564:
556:
551:
549:
544:
542:
537:
536:
533:
528:
518:
516:
512:
508:
503:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:Hud (prophet)
465:
461:
457:
453:
450:According to
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:Fars Province
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
308:
304:
293:
289:
287:
283:
281:
277:
274:
270:
268:
264:
261:
260:
258:
254:
246:
240:
236:
231:
228:
223:
219:
215:
214:
212:
208:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
183:
181:
177:
175:
171:
169:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
109:
108:
106:
102:
99:
98:Rashidun navy
93:
92:Rashidun army
89:
85:
84:Amir al-Jaysh
82:
78:
75:
74:Rashidun army
72:
66:
62:
59:
55:
52:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
27:
20:
5146:
5129:
5112:
5094:. Retrieved
5090:
5075:
5074:
5064:. Retrieved
5059:
5054:
5045:
5044:
5034:. Retrieved
5019:
5006:. Retrieved
5000:
4987:. Retrieved
4981:
4968:. Retrieved
4953:
4940:. Retrieved
4934:
4921:. Retrieved
4906:
4893:. Retrieved
4886:
4873:. Retrieved
4862:. العبيكان.
4858:
4845:. Retrieved
4830:
4817:. Retrieved
4802:
4789:. Retrieved
4784:
4779:
4766:. Retrieved
4751:
4737:
4724:. Retrieved
4710:
4705:
4692:. Retrieved
4686:
4670:. Retrieved
4655:
4626:
4613:. Retrieved
4607:
4594:. Retrieved
4588:
4572:. Retrieved
4557:
4544:. Retrieved
4538:
4508:
4495:. Retrieved
4480:
4467:. Retrieved
4452:
4418:
4408:
4407:
4388:
4376:
4364:. Retrieved
4358:
4351:
4339:. Retrieved
4333:
4326:
4314:. Retrieved
4309:
4282:. Retrieved
4264:
4254:
4242:
4230:
4218:
4206:
4194:. Retrieved
4176:
4169:
4164:, p. 7.
4157:
4145:. Retrieved
4127:
4120:
4108:
4094:
4087:Khattab 2010
4065:
4053:. Retrieved
4048:
4043:
4021:. Retrieved
4015:
4008:
3999:
3994:
3982:. Retrieved
3967:
3957:
3945:. Retrieved
3931:
3926:
3919:
3907:. Retrieved
3901:
3894:
3882:. Retrieved
3876:
3854:. Retrieved
3849:
3844:
3837:
3817:
3810:
3798:
3786:
3760:. Retrieved
3746:معركة نهاوند
3745:
3723:. Retrieved
3717:
3700:Khattab 2010
3695:
3683:. Retrieved
3677:
3670:
3658:. Retrieved
3653:
3648:
3638:
3626:. Retrieved
3620:
3610:
3598:. Retrieved
3592:
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3568:
3563:
3553:
3541:. Retrieved
3535:
3528:
3523:, p. 83
3501:. Retrieved
3495:
3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3470:
3460:
3448:. Retrieved
3444:
3434:
3427:Khattab 2010
3422:
3415:Khattab 2010
3410:
3398:. Retrieved
3383:
3376:
3364:. Retrieved
3349:
3342:
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2426:. IslamKotob
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2396:Kurzman 2002
2380:the original
2355:. Retrieved
2353:. Islamkotob
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1981:
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4744:. Sasanika.
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4393:Ulrich 2019
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4235:Ulrich 2008
4223:Donner 2014
4211:Donner 2014
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4181:(Paperback)
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4070:Ulrich 2008
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3503:20 November
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2832:Donner 2014
2786:20 November
2751:23 November
2702:20 November
2680:19 November
2643:23 November
2610:Ulrich 2008
2595:Tabari 2021
2551:10 November
2527:20 November
2480:Hawley 1970
2449:Fred Donner
2430:20 November
2357:19 November
2321:23 November
2292:23 November
2257:22 November
2211:20 November
2149:Ulrich 2008
2119:19 November
1999:Physiognomy
1987: [
1934:during the
1891: [
1805:Arabization
1793: [
1741: [
1520:al-Istakhri
1416:Ibn Khaldun
1291:Abu Mikhnaf
1188: [
1030:Gundishapur
1001:2nd Babylon
966:1st Babylon
936:Ayn al-Tamr
900:Mesopotamia
807: [
454:, His full
5186:Banu Bariq
5171:654 deaths
5165:Categories
5062:(Doctoral)
4813:0199882509
4720:9960726568
4690:. Islamweb
4637:1860631673
4434:1900724472
3978:0226894282
3394:8987990397
2115:. ktab INC
2094:Hinds 1996
2044:References
1938:and after
1863:, and the
1825:Kharijites
1811:in Mosul.
1788:Moreover,
1689:Abdul Qays
1589:capturing
1577:After the
1466:Banu Tamim
1315:Al-Mada'in
1217:Al-Dhahabi
1127:Oxus River
1074:Azerbaijan
712:Kharijites
630:Hadhramaut
563:Ridda Wars
527:Ridda wars
525:See also:
521:Ridda wars
413:Byzantines
356:to invade
178:Battle of
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2801:Abru 2019
2717:Jabr 2004
2658:Rawi 1970
2137:Muir 1924
1921:Appraisal
1861:Sufriyyah
1660:revenue.
1552:Ramhormoz
1516:Khuzestan
1376:Baladhuri
1283:Al-Ubulla
1018:Khuzestan
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889:of Persia
760:Al-Waqidi
756:Al-Waqidi
693:Sasanians
680:Dhu'l Taj
446:Biography
319:companion
210:Relations
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184:Siege of
172:Siege of
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5135:646-654
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4646:64689681
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4443:47140175
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2898:(2013).
2350:الأشتقاق
2017:See also
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1704:Persians
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1568:Shushtar
1528:Hormuzan
1321:, until
1205:Ibn Sa'd
1201:Borazjan
1164:Sakastan
1132:Nishapur
1120:Khorasan
1108:Bishapur
1068:Caucasus
1057:Waj Rudh
1047:Nahavand
1025:Shushtar
946:Muzayyah
931:Al-Anbar
790:and the
764:Al-Faruq
648:Abu Bakr
646:In 633,
452:Ibn Hazm
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323:Muhammad
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