27:
43:
175:, a new policy of greater racial integration was adopted in the remaining units of the old Army of Africa. Algerian tirailleur regiments were to be made up of roughly 50% "Frenchmen of North African stock" (i.e. Arab and Berber Muslims) and an equivalent number of French volunteers and conscripts, largely drawn from the European settler community. At the same time, additional Muslim soldiers were to be incorporated into previously mostly European units such as the zouaves, until they made up to 25% of the total. Growing tensions within mixed units as the war continued, plus the threat of rebel
1649:
1810:
230:
335:
55:
160:
obtained by this method, out of approximately 45,000 possible candidates and Muslim enlistment remained predominately voluntary in peacetime. Even during World War I the majority (89,000 out of 170,000) of Muslim soldiers who served were volunteers. As in France itself, military service was an obligation of citizenship and all physically fit male settlers of French origin were required to undertake two years of compulsory service (three years from 1913).
860:
807:(French settler) conscripts and reservists of the zouaves and chasseurs d'Afrique; and the career regulars and conscripts of the remaining Muslim units recruited in Algeria. In contrast to the war in Indo-China, the Algerian War of 1954â62 was fought largely by conscripts and reservists from France itself.
151:
rank and file of the spahis and tirailleurs, while Arab volunteers might appear amongst the ranks of the zouaves. Prior to World War I, one battalion of each of the four zouave regiments then in existence, was recruited in France. These battalions' bases were thereby providing a framework that could
798:
continued to provide a substantial portion of the French Army between 1945 and 1962. The
Foreign Legion and volunteers from the Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian tirailleur regiments served in the Indochina War between 1946 and 1954, along with nine tabors of the Moroccan Goumiers. Four regiments of
257:
made up of convicted military criminals from all branches of the French Army, who had finished their sentences in military prisons but still had time to serve before their terms of engagement were completed. The preference was not to return them to their original units where they might undermine
159:
In May 1913 a limited form of selective conscription was applied to the Muslim population of
Algeria. In theory, from this date, all young Muslim males were called to undertake three years of compulsory military service upon reaching the age of 18. However only about 2,000 conscripts a year were
867:
The uniforms of the various branches making up the Army of Africa ranged from the spectacular "tenue orientale" of the spahis, tirailleurs and zouaves to the ordinary French military dress of the chasseurs d'Afrique, Foreign Legion, Artillerie d'Afrique and
Infanterie LĂ©gĂšre d'Afrique. Even the
155:
In addition to the corps listed above, the Army of Africa included technical and support branches - notably artillery, engineers and train. Stationed permanently in North Africa these comprised a mixture of French and indigenous personnel that varied according to recruitment availability.
284:
Officers of the
African Light Infantry were seconded from other regiments as were some non-commissioned officers. Many NCOs were however former "Joyeux" who chose to remain with these unusual units and exercise authority, after they had completed their original terms of service.
163:
Officers of all branches of the Army of Africa were predominantly French
Europeans, though a certain number of commissioned positions up to and including the rank of captain were reserved for Muslim personnel in the spahis and tirailleurs. In 1932 the proportion of
802:
With
Moroccan and Tunisian independence in 1956, the Muslim personnel of the tirailleur and spahi units recruited in both countries were incorporated into their new national armies. This reduced the Army of Africa to the all professional Foreign Legion; the
358:
and nine of zouaves were on active service, along with elements of the
Foreign Legion and the African Light Infantry. Large numbers of these troops were sent immediately to serve in France, mainly drawn from the peacetime garrisons of Algeria and Tunisia.
893:; comprising white turbans, light blue zouave style jackets braided in yellow, red sashes and wide light blue or white Moorish trousers (see colour photograph above). The adoption of khaki uniforms, unlike the rest of the army who wore
1294:"Au total, à l'automne de 1944, la France finira par disposer d'une armée effective de 250 000 hommes composée pour moitié d'éléments indigÚnes, Maghrébins, Africains et pour moitié d'Européens d'Afrique du Nord", Philippe Masson,
880:
which made them stand out from the remainder of the French Army. Some of these features have survived as parade dress to the present day; notably the white cloaks and red sashes worn by the 1st Spahis, and the white kepis, fringed
269:(the "merry ones") these units were generally used for road and other construction work under harsh discipline. They were however used for combat service when circumstances demanded in Africa, Indochina and in France itself during
1456:. Trousers for footsoldiers. â In khaki cloth. In accordance with the pattern as stipulated in the descriptive notice sent on 5 October 1914, No. 2501 5/5. 2° OFFICERS ... Tunic. â In the same pattern as used by the
366:
and other units of the Army of Africa. In the course of the war a further 137,000 enlisted either as volunteers (57,000) or as wartime conscripts (80,000). Of the total of 170,000, 36,000 were killed.
209:(19e Corps d'Armée). It was one of 21 army corps of the Metropolitan Army formed in 1870. It was the only corps whose military district did not cover mainland France. As such it was separate from the
652:
2636:
179:
reprisals against Muslim volunteers, largely nullified this attempted reform. Towards the end of the period of French rule in 1959 the personnel breakdown of a typical regiment of
205:
was formally part of the French metropolitan army comprising a separate army corps. It is noted that in 1873 the term Armée d'Afrique was used with reference to the troops of the
2631:
722:. During the French and German campaigns of 1944â45 the Army of Africa was expanded to 260,000 men (including 50% Indigenes and 50% white French settlers in North Africa,
2288:
2283:
2136:
664:
As had been the case in 1914, substantial numbers of the Army of Africa were moved to mainland France on the outbreak of World War II. In May 1940 14 regiments of
2177:
2243:
2385:
2590:
2352:
2293:
314:
In addition to the above, units or individuals from the mainland French Army were sometimes posted to service in North Africa, as were detachments of the
2238:
782:
406:
1615:
2569:
1637:
628:
2508:
1921:
2626:
1437:"Notice descriptive des nouveaux uniformes. (Décision ministérielle du 9 décembre 1914 mise à jour avec le modificatif du 28 janvier 1915)"
1228:
Jacques Sicard, pages 46â47 "Les
Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832â1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
1707:
1219:
Jacques Sicard, page 46 "Les
Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832â1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
719:
1766:
152:
be expanded in the event of general mobilisation, and which were physically located closer to the geographical threat of
Germany.
147:). The divisions were not absolute and (for example) volunteers or conscripts from mainland France might choose to serve with the
1911:
975:
1901:
926:
829:
until that Territory became independent in 1977. However, one regiment each of Chasseurs d'Afrique, Tirailleurs and artillery (
244:
235:
502:
2534:
1581:
1503:
1484:
1420:
1333:
399:
1986:
640:
307:. The Foreign Legion provided mule mounted detachments for service in southern Algeria and, from 1940 to 1962, four of the
833:) have been re-established to maintain the traditions of their respective branches. In addition some units of engineers (
176:
2034:
2488:
1630:
938:
342:
At the outbreak of war in August 1914, the Army of Africa in Algeria and Tunisia comprised nine regiments of Algerian
1916:
1600:
1541:
1522:
1395:
1370:
1312:
1283:
1267:
1247:
1133:
1108:
1083:
1058:
1003:
2521:
1684:
1679:
1645:
1868:
392:
1674:
2478:
1742:
1669:
727:
715:
679:
Following the fall of France, the Army of Africa was reduced to a level of 120,000 under Axis direction. General
2621:
2434:
2340:
1787:
1782:
1777:
739:
731:
2493:
1756:
1737:
1623:
2585:
2580:
2551:
2439:
2330:
1750:
2141:
1970:
1873:
592:
449:
1906:
1799:
851:. These appear however to be arbitrary linkages which do not reflect any real regimental continuity.
604:
495:
373:
on the Western Front was directed against the French 45th Division, consisting of zouaves, Algerian
2600:
2375:
1772:
587:
206:
26:
921:
213:
which came under the Ministry of Marine and comprised both French and indigenous units serving in
144:
42:
2483:
2263:
2156:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1194:
1168:
738:
and Foreign Legion), the 2nd and 4th Moroccan Infantry Divisions (Moroccan Tirailleurs), and the
735:
563:
507:
863:
A zouave in 1888, wearing "tenue orientale" with white summer trousers instead of the usual red.
815:
With the exception of a reduced Foreign Legion and one regiment of Spahis, all regiments of the
683:
was however able to maintain and train a further 60,000 men in French North Africa disguised as
2575:
2539:
2309:
2146:
2090:
1896:
1761:
1717:
970:
916:
546:
522:
322:
218:
210:
140:
20:
2514:
2498:
1664:
965:
673:
2172:
2058:
754:
served as independent units while artillery, engineer, commando, reconnaissance (mechanised
512:
2449:
2229:
2208:
2203:
1931:
1853:
1653:
1534:
Zouaves et Tirailleurs: les régiments de marche et les régiments mixtes (1914-1918), Vol II
461:
2015:
1515:
Zouaves et Tirailleurs: les régiments de marche et les régiments mixtes (1914-1918), Vol I
770:
The Oran, Algiers and Constantine Divisions existed as divisions until at least 1955â57;
616:
277:
to work on fortifications, were rearmed in April 1940 and saw active service prior to the
8:
2503:
2473:
2347:
2273:
2268:
2253:
2248:
2198:
2116:
1157:
Anthony Clayton, 'France, Soldiers, and Africa', Brassey's Defence Publishers, 1988, p.66
759:
568:
534:
84:
2151:
821:
were disbanded or lost their former identity between 1960 and 1965. A small unit of the
2556:
2126:
2111:
2106:
2074:
1843:
778:
707:
580:
527:
214:
31:
2278:
889:(regimental band) of the 1st Regiment of Tirailleurs still wears the full traditional
229:
2545:
2319:
2314:
2258:
2053:
2010:
1858:
1838:
1828:
1794:
1712:
1596:
1577:
1556:
1537:
1518:
1499:
1480:
1416:
1391:
1366:
1329:
1308:
1279:
1263:
1243:
1129:
1104:
1079:
1054:
999:
826:
703:
621:
575:
556:
551:
478:
183:
had stabilised at about 60% Muslim and European volunteers, enlisted under contract (
2428:
2404:
2370:
2324:
2218:
2213:
1878:
1863:
785:
in 1955â57, also being assistant commander of the 10th Military Region. During the
699:
684:
541:
490:
456:
1809:
758:
and tank destroyer units were drawn from the French and indigenous populations of
2182:
2121:
2005:
1951:
1452:. 1° OTHER RANKS ... Tunic. â In khaki cloth. In the same pattern as used by the
1436:
774:
745:
471:
444:
439:
434:
75:
67:
1573:
2396:
2131:
2045:
2026:
1997:
1962:
1943:
1460:. Trousers. â In khaki cloth. In the same pattern as used by the other ranks...
680:
278:
2444:
2224:
2615:
2380:
1560:
799:
Moroccan and Algerian spahis fought as infantry or halftrack armoured units.
599:
517:
466:
334:
116:
710:. North African units subsequently played a major role in the liberation of
2410:
2335:
1848:
894:
786:
695:
370:
274:
172:
100:
1278:
Ian Sumner & Francois Vauillier, page 13 The French Army 1939â45 (2),
1262:
Ian Sumner & Francois Vauillier, page 11 The French Army 1939â45 (1),
2595:
2528:
1833:
1648:
669:
416:
316:
270:
128:
80:
54:
35:
676:
and 13 battalions of African Light Infantry were serving on all fronts.
384:
688:
254:
694:
From the end of 1942, the Army of Africa was headed by French general
362:
In 1914 33,000 Muslim Algerians were already serving with the spahis,
1195:"[Map of] Régions militaires et Corps d'Armée le 2 août 1914"
1160:
953:
882:
723:
303:(desert infantry and later mechanised troops) were maintained in the
295:
132:
79:) was an unofficial but commonly used term for those portions of the
47:
168:
was fixed at nine out of a total of 67 in each of these regiments.
50:
wearing the historic uniform of this branch of the Army of Africa.
1173:
Chimiste â mon site consacrĂ© aux parcours de rĂ©giments en 1914â18
948:
751:
711:
354:
and two of the Foreign Legion. In Morocco nineteen battalions of
136:
124:
96:
92:
88:
1593:
The French Army in the First World War Volume I - to battle 1914
265:
were raised in 1832 for service in Algeria. Ironically known as
1439:(in French). Paris: MinistĂšre de la Guerre. 1915. pp. 9â10
1199:
Grande Guerre : territoriaux bretons et normands du 87 DIT
911:
877:
665:
351:
304:
148:
1101:
1er Regiment de Tirailleurs. Tirailleurs de l'Armee d'Afrique
943:
859:
755:
120:
873:
869:
868:
latter units were however distinguished by details such as
112:
2637:
Military units and formations disestablished in the 1960s
338:
Early colour photograph of the French 3rd Zouaves in 1912
103:
in 1962, including units made up of indigenous recruits.
1413:
L'Armee d'Afrique. De 1830 a l'independence de l'Algerie
742:(Algerian and Tunisian Tirailleurs). In addition three
1076:
The French Army in the First World War â to battle 1914
1051:
The French Army in the First World War â to battle 1914
996:
The French Army in the First World War â to battle 1914
16:
Term for portions of French Army in French North Africa
1012:
273:. Three battalions sent to France at the outbreak of
1187:
845:) have been accorded ties of tradition with the old
2632:
Army units and formations of France in World War II
1342:
1296:
L'homme en guerre, 1901â2001: de la Marne Ă Sarajev
897:was decided upon early during the First World War.
1496:Histoire de l'Armée française en Afrique 1830-1962
1429:
668:, 42 regiments of Algerian, Tunisian and Moroccan
46:Soldiers of the modern 1st Tirailleur regiment of
1323:
2613:
187:); plus 20% European and 20% Muslim conscripts (
30:Soldiers of the Army of Africa and the separate
765:
258:discipline or brutalise their fellow soldiers.
1446:– via BibliothĂšque Nationale de France.
135:French settlers doing their military service (
1631:
1536:. Livet, Normandie: Editions des Argonautes.
1517:. Livet, Normandie: Editions des Argonautes.
400:
1326:Dictionnaire des Compagnons de la Libération
846:
816:
793:
200:
1307:page 393 L'Armee d" Afrique 1830â1962 (1),
885:and blue sashes of the Foreign Legion. The
1638:
1624:
1612:, Historama, hors-série No. 10, 1970
407:
393:
58:Algerian spahis of the Army of Africa 1886
1166:
414:
369:On 22 April 1915 the first German use of
224:
858:
672:, 12 regiments and demi-brigades of the
333:
228:
53:
41:
25:
1912:French Committee of National Liberation
1590:
1567:
1531:
1512:
1493:
1474:
1348:
1018:
976:List of French possessions and colonies
111:The Army of Africa included indigenous
2614:
1902:French Civil and Military High Command
245:Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa
1619:
388:
74:
1987:Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1550:
1410:
1317:
810:
789:they were upgraded to corps status.
2627:Army units and formations of France
1385:
1360:
1167:Chtimiste, Didier (1 August 2007).
1123:
1073:
1048:
993:
932:
831:68e RĂ©giment d'Artillerie d'Afrique
714:(September â October 1943) and the
13:
1808:
1553:L'Armée d'Afrique : 1830-1962
1498:(in French). Paris: Albin Michel.
1237:
1148:Militaria no 463, Avril 2024, p.64
1098:
1039:Militaria no 463, Avril 2024, p.64
1030:Militaria no 463, Avril 2024, p.65
730:(Zouaves and Foreign Legion), the
14:
2648:
1917:Provisional Consultative Assembly
905:
233:An illustration of troops of the
99:) from 1830 until the end of the
1647:
1363:The French Indochina War 1946â54
1298:, Editions du Rocher, 1997, p.23
288:
261:The first two battalions of the
239:storming a fortification in 1833
194:
131:); regiments largely made up of
1404:
1379:
1354:
1301:
1288:
1272:
1256:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1151:
876:covers and (for the chasseurs)
728:1st Motorized Infantry Division
702:before its merger with General
380:
1142:
1117:
1092:
1067:
1042:
1033:
1024:
987:
740:3rd Algerian Infantry Division
329:
253:(African Light Infantry) were
171:In 1956, in the course of the
143:); and non-French volunteers (
106:
1:
2591:Mediterranean and Middle East
2494:End of World War II in Europe
1757:French Forces of the Interior
1555:. Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle.
1479:. Washington: Brassey's Inc.
981:
839:41e régiment de transmissions
1595:. Vienna: Verlag Militaria.
1532:Larcade, Jean-Louis (2001).
1513:Larcade, Jean-Louis (2000).
1201:(in French). 18 October 2012
766:Indo-China and Algerian Wars
377:and African Light Infantry.
7:
1751:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
1568:Lormier, Dominique (2006).
1477:France, Soldiers and Africa
1169:"RĂ©gions militaire en 1914"
959:
927:Infanterie LĂ©gĂšre d'Afrique
854:
823:Infanterie LĂ©gĂšre d'Afrique
263:Infanterie Legere d'Afrique
251:Infanterie LĂ©gĂšre d'Afrique
236:Infanterie LĂ©gĂšre d'Afrique
10:
2653:
2142:Oradour-sur-Glane massacre
1874:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
1767:French Expeditionary Corps
1551:Huré, Robert, ed. (1977).
1468:
1324:Vladimir Trouplin (2010).
720:French Expeditionary Corps
346:, four of zouaves, six of
242:
18:
2565:
2535:1946 legislative election
2464:
2421:
2394:
2361:
2302:
2191:
2165:
2099:
2083:
2067:
2043:
2024:
1995:
1979:
1960:
1941:
1930:
1907:French National Committee
1887:
1819:
1806:
1800:French Forces of the West
1693:
1660:
1591:Mirouze, Laurent (2007).
1494:Clayton, Anthony (1994).
1475:Clayton, Anthony (1988).
691:" and "unarmed workers".
641:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
425:
2552:Trial of Philippe PĂ©tain
2479:1945 municipal elections
2376:Liberation of Strasbourg
1570:C'est nous les Africains
1388:The Algerian War 1954â62
1126:The Algerian War 1954â62
900:
38:French propaganda poster
19:Not to be confused with
2269:Liberation of Marseille
1458:troupes métropolitaines
1454:troupes métropolitaines
2509:Provisional Government
2173:Liberation of Saint-LĂŽ
2147:Maquis de Saint-Marcel
2127:Liberation of Limousin
2091:Battle of Mont Mouchet
2075:Liberation of Limousin
1971:SyriaâLebanon campaign
1922:Provisional Government
1897:Empire Defense Council
1813:
1762:French Liberation Army
971:French Colonial Empire
864:
847:
843:511e régiment du train
817:
794:
429:Africa and Middle East
339:
323:Tirailleurs Senegalais
309:Compagnies Sahariennes
301:Compagnies Sahariennes
240:
225:African Light Infantry
219:French colonial empire
211:French Colonial Forces
201:
71:
59:
51:
39:
21:Army of Africa (Spain)
2499:Victory in Europe Day
2178:Battle of Mont Gargan
2035:Liberation of Corsica
1812:
1788:4th Moroccan Mountain
1783:3rd Algerian Infantry
1778:2nd Moroccan Infantry
966:French colonial flags
862:
835:31e régiment du génie
732:1st Armoured Division
611:Indian Ocean and Asia
337:
232:
217:and elsewhere in the
76:[aÊmedâżafÊik]
57:
45:
29:
2484:Advance to the Rhine
2289:Battle of Montélimar
2284:Liberation of Guéret
2264:Liberation of Toulon
2137:Liberation of Guéret
1854:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1654:Liberation of France
1415:. pp. 431â432.
736:Chasseurs d' Afrique
181:tirailleurs Algerien
2489:Invasion of Germany
2353:Battle of Meximieux
2348:Battle of Arracourt
2310:Liberation of Nancy
2274:Liberation of Paris
2254:Battle of La Ciotat
2249:Battle of Port Cros
2214:Liberation of Brest
2199:Battle for Brittany
2117:Battle of Cherbourg
1240:The First World War
917:Chasseurs d'Afrique
772:General de division
760:French North Africa
348:chasseurs d'Afrique
166:officiers indigenes
141:chasseurs d'Afrique
85:French North Africa
2557:Klaus Barbie trial
2294:Liberation of Nice
2112:Battle of Carentan
2107:Operation Overlord
1844:Bernard Montgomery
1814:
1411:Montagon, Pierre.
1390:. pp. 17â20.
1365:. pp. 14â16.
865:
825:was maintained in
779:fr:Raymond Delange
708:Free French Forces
698:and fought in the
340:
249:The battalions of
241:
215:Sub-Saharan Africa
60:
52:
40:
2609:
2608:
2546:Trente Glorieuses
2522:Ăpuration sauvage
2460:
2459:
2320:Operation Undergo
2315:Operation Astonia
2259:Provence landings
2059:Battle of GliĂšres
2054:Battle of Vercors
2016:Battle of RĂ©union
2011:Tunisian campaign
1859:Raymond O. Barton
1839:Winston Churchill
1829:Charles de Gaulle
1583:978-2-70-213649-2
1505:978-2-28-600869-7
1486:978-0-08-034748-6
1450:Troupes d'Afrique
1422:978-2-7564-0574-2
1386:Windrow, Martin.
1361:Windrow, Martin.
1335:978-2-35639-033-2
1124:Windrow, Martin.
1074:Mirouze, Lauent.
1049:Mirouze, Lauent.
994:Mirouze, Lauent.
841:) and transport (
827:French Somaliland
811:Post-Algerian War
726:), including the
718:(1943â44) in the
704:Charles de Gaulle
661:
660:
653:Wallis and Futuna
2644:
2515:Ăpuration lĂ©gale
2467:
2429:Atlantic pockets
2405:Atlantic pockets
2371:Battle of Alsace
2325:Atlantic pockets
2219:Atlantic pockets
2157:Battle of Ushant
2152:Maquis de Saffré
1939:
1938:
1890:
1879:Philippe Kieffer
1869:Philippe Leclerc
1864:George S. Patton
1822:
1708:Commando Kieffer
1696:
1652:
1651:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1587:
1564:
1547:
1528:
1509:
1490:
1463:
1462:
1445:
1444:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1321:
1315:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1276:
1270:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1099:Dufour, Pierre.
1096:
1090:
1089:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1009:
991:
933:Indigenous units
922:LĂ©gion Ă©trangĂšre
850:
820:
797:
783:Algiers Division
781:) commanded the
716:Italian Campaign
700:Tunisia Campaign
685:auxiliary police
420:
409:
402:
395:
386:
385:
204:
145:LĂ©gion Ă©trangĂšre
78:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2622:Armée d'Afrique
2612:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2561:
2540:Fourth Republic
2465:
2456:
2417:
2390:
2363:
2357:
2298:
2279:Maillé massacre
2187:
2183:Operation Cobra
2161:
2122:Battle for Caen
2095:
2079:
2063:
2039:
2020:
2006:Operation Torch
1991:
1975:
1956:
1952:Battle of Gabon
1933:
1926:
1888:
1883:
1820:
1815:
1804:
1773:1st Free French
1694:
1689:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1603:
1584:
1544:
1525:
1506:
1487:
1471:
1466:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1322:
1318:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1277:
1273:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1242:. p. 214.
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1078:. p. 186.
1072:
1068:
1061:
1053:. p. 186.
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1006:
998:. p. 186.
992:
988:
984:
962:
935:
908:
903:
891:tenue orientale
857:
848:ArmĂ©e dâAfrique
818:ArmĂ©e dâAfrique
813:
795:ArmĂ©e dâAfrique
775:Raymond Delange
768:
687:, "provisional
662:
657:
421:
415:
413:
383:
332:
291:
247:
227:
207:19th Army Corps
202:ArmĂ©e dâAfrique
197:
109:
72:ArmĂ©e dâAfrique
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2650:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2570:WW II theatres
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2399:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2132:Tulle massacre
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1889:Administration
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1723:3rd Army Corps
1720:
1710:
1705:
1703:Army of Africa
1699:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1588:
1582:
1565:
1548:
1542:
1529:
1523:
1510:
1504:
1491:
1485:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1428:
1421:
1403:
1396:
1378:
1371:
1353:
1341:
1334:
1316:
1300:
1287:
1271:
1255:
1248:
1238:Keegan, John.
1230:
1221:
1212:
1186:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1134:
1128:. p. 20.
1116:
1109:
1103:. p. 79.
1091:
1084:
1066:
1059:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1021:, p. 157.
1011:
1004:
985:
983:
980:
979:
978:
973:
968:
961:
958:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
934:
931:
930:
929:
924:
919:
914:
907:
906:European units
904:
902:
899:
856:
853:
812:
809:
767:
764:
681:Maxime Weygand
674:Foreign Legion
659:
658:
656:
655:
649:
648:
644:
643:
637:
636:
632:
631:
626:
619:
613:
612:
608:
607:
602:
597:
590:
585:
584:
583:
573:
572:
571:
566:
554:
549:
544:
539:
538:
537:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
493:
487:
486:
482:
481:
476:
469:
464:
459:
454:
447:
442:
437:
431:
430:
426:
423:
422:
412:
411:
404:
397:
389:
382:
379:
331:
328:
293:Camel mounted
290:
287:
279:Fall of France
243:Main article:
226:
223:
196:
193:
108:
105:
64:Army of Africa
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2649:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2601:Sino Japanese
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Eastern Front
2584:
2582:
2581:Western Front
2579:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2451:
2450:Saint-Nazaire
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:Colmar Pocket
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2230:Saint-Nazaire
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:32nd Infantry
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1718:Cavalry Corps
1716:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1611:
1610:Les Africains
1608:
1604:
1602:2-9515171-0-6
1598:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1543:2-95-151711-4
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1524:2-95-151710-6
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1438:
1432:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1397:1-85532-658-2
1393:
1389:
1382:
1374:
1372:1-85532-789-9
1368:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1313:1-85532-666-3
1310:
1304:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1284:1-85532-707-4
1281:
1275:
1269:
1268:1-85532-666-3
1265:
1259:
1251:
1249:0-09-180178-8
1245:
1241:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1137:
1135:1-85532-658-2
1131:
1127:
1120:
1112:
1110:2-7025-0439-6
1106:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1085:2-9515171-0-6
1081:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1060:2-9515171-0-6
1056:
1052:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1005:2-9515171-0-6
1001:
997:
990:
986:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
898:
896:
892:
888:
887:fanfare-nouba
884:
879:
875:
871:
861:
852:
849:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
808:
806:
800:
796:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
747:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
654:
651:
650:
646:
645:
642:
639:
638:
635:North America
634:
633:
630:
627:
625:
624:
620:
618:
615:
614:
610:
609:
606:
603:
601:
600:Colmar Pocket
598:
596:
595:
591:
589:
586:
582:
579:
578:
577:
574:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
560:
559:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
536:
533:
532:
531:
530:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
508:Monte Cassino
506:
504:
501:
499:
498:
494:
492:
491:Eastern Front
489:
488:
484:
483:
480:
477:
475:
474:
470:
468:
467:Run for Tunis
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
452:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
428:
427:
424:
418:
410:
405:
403:
398:
396:
391:
390:
387:
378:
376:
372:
367:
365:
360:
357:
353:
349:
345:
336:
327:
325:
324:
319:
318:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:
289:Desert troops
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
256:
252:
246:
238:
237:
231:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
195:Formal status
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:volunteers; (
118:
114:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:stationed in
82:
77:
73:
69:
65:
56:
49:
44:
37:
33:
32:Colonial Army
28:
22:
2544:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2474:End of Vichy
1849:Henri Giraud
1749:
1702:
1609:
1592:
1574:Calmann-LĂ©vy
1569:
1552:
1533:
1514:
1495:
1476:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1441:. Retrieved
1431:
1412:
1406:
1387:
1381:
1362:
1356:
1349:Clayton 1988
1344:
1325:
1319:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1274:
1258:
1239:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1172:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1125:
1119:
1100:
1094:
1075:
1069:
1050:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1019:Larcade 2000
1014:
995:
989:
895:horizon blue
890:
886:
866:
842:
838:
837:), signals (
834:
830:
822:
814:
804:
801:
791:
787:Algerian War
771:
769:
743:
696:Henri Giraud
693:
678:
663:
622:
593:
557:
547:Saint-Marcel
528:
523:Mont Mouchet
496:
472:
450:
381:World War II
374:
371:chlorine gas
368:
363:
361:
355:
347:
343:
341:
321:
315:
313:
308:
300:
294:
292:
283:
275:World War II
266:
262:
260:
250:
248:
234:
198:
188:
184:
180:
173:Algerian War
170:
165:
162:
158:
154:
110:
101:Algerian War
63:
61:
2529:Tripartisme
2504:Victory Day
2440:La Rochelle
2331:La Rochelle
1834:Jean Moulin
1795:Second Army
1769:Divisions:
1738:1st Armored
1680:Netherlands
1205:25 November
1179:25 November
1175:(in French)
939:Tirailleurs
744:groupes de
670:tirailleurs
417:Free French
375:tirailleurs
364:tirailleurs
356:tirailleurs
344:Tirailleurs
330:World War I
317:Gendarmerie
271:World War I
255:penal units
129:tirailleurs
107:Composition
81:French Army
36:World War I
2616:Categories
2364:March 1945
2362:Nov 1944 -
2209:Saint-Malo
2068:March 1944
1713:First Army
1675:Luxembourg
1443:2021-07-30
1328:. Elytis.
982:References
954:Meharistes
883:epaulettes
689:conscripts
588:Strasbourg
569:Marseilles
462:Bir Hakeim
350:, four of
296:Meharistes
267:les Joyeux
2466:Aftermath
2303:Sept 1944
2166:July 1944
1572:. Paris:
1561:757208988
748:marocains
724:Pied-Noir
629:Indochina
419:campaigns
133:pied-noir
2576:Atlantic
2422:May 1945
2244:Ăgletons
2192:Aug 1944
2100:Jun 1944
2084:May 1944
1980:Dec 1941
1934:campaign
960:See also
949:Goumiers
872:, white
855:Uniforms
752:Goumiers
594:Nordwind
581:Dompaire
576:Lorraine
529:Overlord
451:Exporter
320:and the
125:Goumiers
2596:Pacific
2445:Lorient
2435:Dunkirk
2341:Dunkirk
2225:Lorient
1821:Leaders
1665:Belgium
1469:Sources
912:Zouaves
712:Corsica
666:zouaves
647:Oceania
623:Crimson
617:RĂ©union
558:Dragoon
552:Vercors
513:GliĂšres
503:Corsica
479:Tunisia
189:appeles
185:engages
137:zouaves
97:Tunisia
93:Algeria
89:Morocco
2386:Bitche
2239:Lioran
2204:Rennes
1932:French
1695:Forces
1685:Norway
1599:
1580:
1559:
1540:
1521:
1502:
1483:
1448:II. â
1419:
1394:
1369:
1332:
1311:
1282:
1266:
1246:
1132:
1107:
1082:
1057:
1002:
944:Spahis
878:fezzes
870:sashes
756:Spahis
746:tabors
564:Toulon
485:Europe
352:spahis
305:Sahara
149:Muslim
121:spahis
117:Berber
68:French
48:Ăpinal
2411:Royan
2336:Royan
2025:Sept
1670:Italy
901:Units
805:colon
535:Paris
497:Husky
473:Torch
457:Kufra
445:Keren
440:Gabon
435:Dakar
299:plus
2397:1945
2395:Apr
2046:1944
2044:Jan
2027:1943
1998:1942
1996:Nov
1963:1941
1961:Jun
1944:1940
1942:Nov
1597:ISBN
1578:ISBN
1557:OCLC
1538:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1500:ISBN
1481:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1309:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1207:2020
1181:2020
1130:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1055:ISBN
1000:ISBN
874:kepi
792:The
605:Alps
542:Elba
199:The
139:and
127:and
113:Arab
95:and
62:The
34:. A
1733:5th
1728:4th
750:of
706:'s
518:Ist
191:).
177:FLN
115:or
2618::
2431::
2407::
2327::
2221::
1576:.
1197:.
1171:.
762:.
326:.
311:.
281:.
221:.
123:,
91:,
70::
2572::
1639:e
1632:t
1625:v
1605:.
1586:.
1563:.
1546:.
1527:.
1508:.
1489:.
1425:.
1400:.
1375:.
1351:.
1338:.
1252:.
1209:.
1183:.
1138:.
1113:.
1088:.
1063:.
1008:.
777:(
734:(
408:e
401:t
394:v
87:(
66:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
