989:). Active controls typically require much higher energy use. Energy use increases with specificity - e.g. in will require more energy to maintain a quantity of air to a narrow temperature range (20-22 °C) than to a broad range (18-25 °C). In the past, conservation recommendations have often called for very tight, inflexible temperature and relative humidity set points. In other cases, conservators have recommended strict environmental conditions for buildings that could not reasonably be expected to achieve them, due to the quality of build, local environmental conditions (e.g. recommending temperate conditions for a building located in the tropics) or the financial circumstances of the organisation. This has been an area of particular debate for cultural heritage organisations who lend and borrow cultural items to each other - often, the lender will specify strict environmental conditions as part of the loan agreement, which may be very expensive for the borrowing organisation to achieve, or impossible.
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the object. Interventive actions are carried out for a variety of reasons, including aesthetic choices, stabilization needs for structural integrity, or cultural requirements for intangible continuity. Examples of interventive treatments include the removal of discolored varnish from a painting, the application of wax to a sculpture, and the washing and rebinding of a book. Ethical standards within the field require that the conservator fully justify interventive actions and carry out documentation before, during, and after the treatment.
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343:). He not only developed a scientific approach to the care of objects in the collections, but disseminated this approach by publishing a Handbook of Conservation in 1898. The early development of conservation of cultural heritage in any area of the world is usually linked to the creation of positions for chemists within museums. In British archaeology, key research and technical experimentation in conservation was undertaken by women such as
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391:. The creation of this department moved the focus for the development of conservation theory and practice from Germany to Britain, and made the latter a prime force in this fledgling field. In 1956 Plenderleith wrote a significant handbook called The Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art, which supplanted Rathgen's earlier tome and set new standards for the development of art and
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intervention. Although this concept remains a guiding principle of the profession, it has been widely critiqued within the conservation profession and is now considered by many to be "a fuzzy concept." Another important principle of conservation is that all alterations should be well documented and should be clearly distinguishable from the original object.
1275:, whereby an apprentice slowly developed the necessary skills to undertake their job. For some specializations within conservation this is still the case. However, it is more common in the field of conservation today that the training required to become a practicing conservator comes from a recognized university course in conservation of cultural heritage.
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402:, and Edward Waldo Forbes, its director from 1909 to 1944. He encouraged technical investigation, and was Chairman of the Advisory Committee for the first technical journal, Technical Studies in the Field of the Fine Arts, published by the Fogg from 1932 to 1942. Importantly he also brought onto the museum staff chemists.
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Another dilemma is that many conservation-grade materials are chosen because they do not biodegrade. For example, when selecting a plastic with which to make storage enclosures, conservators prefer to use relatively long-lived plastics because they have better ageing properties - they are less likely
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Conservators and restorers use a wide variety of materials - in conservation treatments, and those used to safely transport, display and store cultural heritage items. These materials can include solvents, papers and boards, fabrics, adhesives and consolidants, plastics and foams, wood products, and
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It is of major concern to us that the only part of this section which makes any acknowledgement of the need for greater resourcing is the part which refers to acquisitions. The original consultation paper made quite extensive reference to the importance of collections, the role of new technologies,
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was established in 1991 by 14 European
Conservator-Restorers' Organisations. Currently representing close to 6.000 professionals within 23 countries and 26 members organisations, including one international body (IADA), E.C.C.O. embodies the field of preservation of cultural heritage, both movable
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film, which can deteriorate beyond use within decades at ambient conditions. Digital storage costs are rising for both born-digital cultural heritage (photographs, audiovisual, time-based media) and to store digital preservation and access copies of cultural heritage. Digital storage capacity is a
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A principal aim of a cultural conservator is to reduce the rate of deterioration of an object. Both non-interventive and interventive methodologies may be employed in pursuit of this goal. Interventive conservation refers to any direct interaction between the conservator and the material fabric of
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Keeping up with the international contemporary scenario, recent concerns with sustainability in conservation have emerged. The common understanding that "the care of an artifact should not come at the undue expense of the environment" is generally well accepted within the community and is already
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in London; it was here that he established a set of guidelines or environmental controls for the best conditions in which objects could be stored and displayed within the museum environment. Although his exact guidelines are no longer rigidly followed, they did inspire this field of conservation.
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The care of cultural heritage has a long history, one that was primarily aimed at fixing and mending objects for their continued use and aesthetic enjoyment. Until the early 20th century, artists were normally the ones called upon to repair damaged artworks. During the 19th century, however, the
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Stoner, Joyce Hill. "Changing
Approaches in Art Conservation: 1925 to the present". The publication exists in two editions. The earlier one is "Scientific Examination of Art: Modern Techniques on Conservation and Analysis" and was published by the National Academy of Sciences in 2003. The later
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The scope has widened from art conservation, involving protection and care of artwork and architecture, to conservation of cultural heritage, also including protection and care of a broad set of other cultural and historical works. Conservation of cultural heritage can be described as a type of
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Collections care is an important element of museum policy. It is an essential responsibility of members of the museum profession to create and maintain a protective environment for the collections in their care, whether in store, on display, or in transit. A museum should carefully monitor the
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was incorporated under
British law in 1950 as "a permanent organization to co-ordinate and improve the knowledge, methods, and working standards needed to protect and preserve precious materials of all kinds." The rapid growth of conservation professional organizations, publications, journals,
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When asked by the
Commons Culture Media and Sport elect Committee CMS committee what he would like to see as a priority in the DCMS document arising from the 'Understanding the Future' consultation, Mr MacGregor responded 'I would like to see added there the need to conserve and research the
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Conservation OnLine provides resources on ethical issues in conservation, including examples of codes of ethics and guidelines for professional conduct in conservation and allied fields; and charters and treaties pertaining to ethical issues involving the preservation of cultural property.
1246:, in which they argue for integrating the public directly into efforts to conserve material culture, particularly that which is in the public, their argument, as stated on page 16, demonstrates their belief that society can benefit from conservation as a paradigm as well as a profession:
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One of the guiding principles of conservation of cultural heritage has traditionally been the idea of reversibility, that all interventions with the object should be fully reversible and that the object should be able to be returned to the state in which it was prior to the conservator's
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in the UK, although there had been craftsmen in many museums and in the commercial art world for generations. This department was created by the museum to address the deteriorating condition of objects in the collection, damages which were a result of their being stored in the
410:, the founder and first editor of Technical Studies. Gettens and Stout co-authored Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopaedia in 1942, reprinted in 1966. This compendium is still cited regularly. Only a few dates and descriptions in Gettens' and Stout's book are now outdated.
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paintings in 1920s; he filed a patent for the table in 1937. Taylor's prototype table, which he designed and constructed, is still in operation. Oliver
Brothers is believed to be the first and the oldest continuously operating art restoration company in the United States.
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The university can rarely provide all the necessary training in first hand experience that an apprenticeship can, and therefore in addition to graduate level training the profession also tends towards encouraging conservation students to spend time as an
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Often there are compromises between preserving appearance, maintaining original design and material properties, and ability to reverse changes. Reversibility is now emphasized so as to reduce problems with future treatment, investigation, and use.
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1109:, a governmental department, authored a document: "Understanding the Future: Priorities for England's Museums". This document was based on several years of consultation aimed to lay out the government's priorities for museums in the 21st century.
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involves protection and restoration using "any methods that prove effective in keeping that property in as close to its original condition as possible for as long as possible." Conservation of cultural heritage is often associated with
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many others. Stability and longevity are two important factors conservators consider when selecting materials; sustainability is becoming an increasingly important third. Examples of sustainable material choices and practices include:
4075:"Morphology and characterization of Dematiaceous fungi on a cellulose paper substrate using synchrotron X-ray microtomography, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy in the context of cultural heritage"
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This involves upholding professional standards, promoting research and publications, providing educational opportunities, and fostering the exchange of knowledge among cultural conservators, allied professionals, and the public.
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Within the various schools that teach conservation of cultural heritage, the approach differs according to the educational and vocational system within the country, and the focus of the school itself. This is acknowledged by the
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Today, professional conservators join and take part in the activities of numerous conservation associations and professional organizations with the wider field, and within their area of specialization. In Europe,
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have also played a significant role in developing conservation science theory. In recent years ethical concerns have been at the forefront of developments in conservation. Most significantly has been the idea of
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who advise "Specific admission requirements differ and potential candidates are encouraged to contact the programs directly for details on prerequisites, application procedures, and program curriculum".
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carried out scientific analysis on paint as well. However, perhaps the first organized attempt to apply a theoretical framework to the conservation of cultural heritage came with the founding in the
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edition of the publication is "Arthur M. Sackler
Colloquia: Scientific Examination of Art: Modern Techniques in Conservation and Analysis". It was published by the National Academies Press in 2005.
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No sector can look with confidence to the future if its key asset is worked harder and harder across an ever broadening range of objectives while the inputs required to sustain it are neglected.
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newsletters, both internationally and in localities, has spearheaded the development of the conservation profession, both practically and theoretically. Art historians and theorists such as
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conservators provide a paradigm not just for fixing things when they are broken, but for a wider social ethos of care, where we individually and collectively take responsibility and action.
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water filters in laboratories reduces waste associated with purchasing bottled products, but increases energy consumption. Similarly, locally-made papers and boards may reduce inherent
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apply both to work within cultural institutions (e.g. museums, art galleries, archives, libraries, research centres and historic sites) as well as to businesses and private studios.
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or harmful solvents. A number of research projects, working groups, and other initiatives have explored how conservation can become a more environmentally sustainable profession.
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Bartoletti, Angelica; Ferreira, Joana Lia (2020). "Sustainable strategies using supercritical carbon dioxide for the conservation of plastics: insight from the PlasCO2 project".
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A commitment to examine the potential for using Museum
Accreditation as a more effective driver for improving recruitment, diversity, and career development across the sector.
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864:' instead of more toxic alternatives, or treatment strategies that use much smaller amounts of solvents - for example, semi-rigid aqueous gels, emulsions or nano materials;
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Conservators routinely use chemical and scientific analysis for the examination and treatment of cultural works. The modern conservation laboratory uses equipment such as
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In order for conservators to decide upon an appropriate conservation strategy and apply their professional expertise accordingly, they must take into account views of the
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Siège social: rue
Coudenberg 70, BE-1000 Bruxelles, Belgique, Entreprise N° 0447.118.530 E.C.C.O. European Confederation of Conservator-Restorers' Organisations A.I.S.B.L
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regime instruments to better understand objects and their components. The data thus collected helps in deciding the conservation treatments to be provided to the object.
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materials. Changes in temperature will also bring about changes in relative humidity. Therefore, the conservation profession has placed great importance on controlling
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The focus of conservation development then accelerated in
Britain and America, and it was in Britain that the first International Conservation Organisations developed.
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Individuals at all levels of government and in the private sector must assume responsibility for providing the support that will allow these collections to survive.
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DCMS to take full account of the eventual findings of the current
Commons Select Committee enquiry into Care of Collections in the final version of this document
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HR consultants to be brought in from the commercial sector to review recruitment, career development and working practices in the national and regional museums.
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moment in which the work of art is appreciated in its material form and in its historical and aesthetic duality, with a view to transmitting it to the future".
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A review of survey results and prioritisation of the various intrinsic, instrumental and institutional values to provide a clear basis for a 10-year strategy
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Societies devoted to the care of cultural heritage have been in existence around the world for many years. One early example is the founding in 1877 of the
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The sector needs to work with partners in academia and beyond to create an intellectual framework supporting museums' capacity to tackle issues of identity.
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Improving the energy performance of cultural buildings by installing insulation, sealing gaps, reducing the number of windows and installing double-glazing:
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at 10 °C instead of 21 °C is estimated to increase its usable life by over 100 years. Controlling the relative humidity of air helps to reduce
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Many conservators and cultural organisations have sought to reduce the energy costs associated with controlling indoor storage and display environments (
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Observing recommended disposal protocols for chemicals, recyclable materials and compostable materials, particularly to avoid contamination of waterways;
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and involves collection care and management through tracking, examination, documentation, exhibition, storage, preventive conservation, and restoration.
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Museums' international roles will be strengthened to improve museum programmes in this country and Britain's image, reputation and relationships abroad.
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Government and the sector will find new ways to encourage museums to collect actively and strategically, especially the record of contemporary society.
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623:. These works must be protected in controlled environments where such variables are maintained within a range of damage-limiting levels. For example,
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work to preserve their cultural heritage with organizations including the Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts and an international network of eight
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The value of museums' collections as a research resource will be well understood and better links built between the academic community and museums.
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As well as standards of practice conservators deal with wider ethical concerns, such as the debates as to whether all art is worth preserving.
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3286:"Sustainability in Conservation: Saving Our Heritage and Our Planet | International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works"
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in 1889 as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, was the United States' first statewide historic preservation group.
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Exhibition lighting - e.g. using lower-energy LED lighting systems and light sensors that switch lights on only when visitors are present;
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A national survey to find out what the public want from museums, what motivates them to visit them and what makes for a rewarding visit.
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2791:(2nd ed.). London: Butterworths, in association with the International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
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Museums will embrace their role in fostering, exploring, celebrating and questioning the identities of diverse communities (pp 11–14).
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In the United Kingdom, pioneering research into painting materials and conservation, ceramics, and stone conservation was conducted by
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A consistent evidence base of the contribution of all kinds of museums to the full range of public service agendas will be developed.
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collections, so that the collections can really play the role across the whole of the United Kingdom that they should.' So would we.
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to house small groups of climate-sensitive objects instead of seeking to control the environmental conditions of the whole building.
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Copies of this volume are available for free pdf download from the Smithsonian's digital library by clicking on the included link.
2921:"Environmental Guidelines – IIC and ICOM-CC Declaration | International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works"
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Understanding of the effectiveness of museum education will be improved further and best practice built into education programmes.
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Interamerican Seminar on the Conservation and Restoration of the Architectural Heritage of the Colonial and Republican Periods –
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and Sara Carroll (eds). 1999. Reversibility – Does it Exist? British Museum Occasional Paper Number 135. London: British Museum.
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condition of collections to determine when an artifact requires conservation work and the services of a qualified conservator.
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Waste and Materials; Collections Care: Packing, Storage & Transport; A Step-By-Step Guide for Sustainable Action; Volume 1
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are visible to the public through floor-to-ceiling glass walls that allow visitors to see firsthand all the techniques that
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There will be deeper and longer lasting partnerships between the national museums and a broader range of regional partners.
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Every collecting institution must develop an emergency plan to protect its collections and train staff to carry it out.
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are also gaining more attention. Cold storage is a very effective strategy to preserve at-risk collections such as
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An example of a highly publicized interventive conservation effort would be the conservation work conducted on the
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The sector will develop new collaborative approaches to sharing and developing collections and related expertise.
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3955:"Pesticide Mitigation in Museum Collections: Science in Conservation (Proceedings from the MCI Workshop Series)"
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The museum sector must continue to develop improved practical techniques for engaging communities of all sorts.
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Pye, E, 2001. Caring for the Past: Issues in Conservation for Archaeology and Museums. London: James and James
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Conservation of cultural heritage as a distinct field of study initially developed in Germany, where in 1888
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Furniture conservation – Re-glueing loose element of solid nut marriage chest (probably Italy, 19th century)
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with Alexander Scott in the recently created Research Laboratory, although he was actually employed by the
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Koestler, Robert J.; Koestler, Victoria H.; Charola, A. Elena; Nieto-Fernandez, Fernando E., eds. (2003).
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These organizations exist to "support the conservation professionals who preserve our cultural heritage".
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The built heritage was at the forefront of the growth of member based organizations in the United States.
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Some consider the tradition of conservation of cultural heritage in Europe to have begun in 1565 with the
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300:. During the same period, a French movement with similar aims was being developed under the direction of
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Plastics in Peril: Focus on Conservation of Polymeric Materials in Cultural Heritage,16-19 November 2020
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Choosing protective work wear that can be washed or cleaned and reused, rather than disposable options;
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Recognising that conservation practices should not harm the environment, harm people, or contribute to
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3365:"How Green Possibilities Can Help in a Future Sustainable Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Europe"
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2453:"The Preservation and Conservation of Aboriginal and Pacific Cultural Material in Australian Museums"
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1185:(ICON) published their response under the title "A Failure of Vision". It had the following to say:
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Institutions must give priority to providing safe conditions for the collections they hold in trust.
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in the early years. Plenderleith's appointment may be said to have given birth to the conservation
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and cultural property issues, but this appears to have been whittled away in the present document.
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to become yellow, leach plasticisers, or lose structural integrity and crumble (examples include
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Every institution must assign responsibility for caring for collections to members of its staff.
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In the United States, the development of conservation of cultural heritage can be traced to the
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The conservation profession response to this report was on the whole less than favourable, the
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Tracking stock quantities to avoid over-buying, especially for materials with expiration dates;
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A Public Trust at Risk: The Heritage Health Index Report on the State of America's Collections
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Further to this the ICON website summary report lists the following specific recommendations:
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A Public Trust at Risk: The Heritage Health Index Report on the State of America's Collections
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Removal of adherent surface deposits by physical chemical means (by cotton swab) at Church of
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Museums' governing bodies and workforce will be representative of the communities they serve.
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was the first of such in the US to be permanently employed by an art museum. He worked with
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Stoner, Joyce Hill (2005). "Changing Approaches in Art Conservation: 1925 to the Present".
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Museums will work more closely with each other and partners outside the sector (pp 23–26).
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First archaeological search in the 19th-century layer by French archaeologist and restorer
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in Britain to protect the built heritage, this society continues to be active today. The
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Bacchus after restoration with colors closer to original and details better visible again.
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Other areas where energy use can be reduced within conservation and restoration include:
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use to examine, treat and preserve artworks within a functioning conservation Laboratory.
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3433:"The Contribution of Conservators to Sustainability at the National Maritime Museum, UK"
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Association of North American Graduate Programs in the Conservation of Cultural Property
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Museums will be embedded into the delivery of education in every school in the country.
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3026:
2865:
2792:
2615:
2571:
2503:
2160:
1810:
1303:
1287:
1001:
962:
920:
768:
328:
182:
121:
61:
3902:"Chartes et autres textes doctrinaux - International Council on Monuments and Sites"
3083:"Balancing Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Development – The Case of Bordeaux"
900:
Reusing packaging materials such as cardboard boxes, plastic wrap and wooden crates;
5965:
5767:
5762:
5752:
5551:
5421:
5159:
5069:
4751:
4389:
4086:
4028:
3962:
3444:
3386:
3376:
3327:
3139:
3102:
3018:
2674:
2607:
2464:
2109:
1836:
1682:
1468:
1093:
986:
978:
916:
671:
A teaching programme of interventive conservation was established in the UK at the
646:. The work consists of filling the cracks to prevent the fragmentation of the wall.
5224:
3022:
2833:
2064:
1152:
Museums' workforce will be dynamic, highly skilled and representative (pp 17–22).
264:
A temporary windowed partition along restoration work area in the cloister of the
6123:
5933:
5901:
5795:
5772:
5487:
5219:
5129:
5104:
5094:
5089:
4685:
4600:
4572:
4344:
3876:
3831:
3332:
3315:
2774:
1959:
1727:
1503:
1475:
1372:
1271:
Training in conservation of cultural heritage for many years took the form of an
993:
912:
861:
642:
Work of preventive conservation in a rock wall with prehistoric paintings at the
427:
The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (IIC)
407:
399:
388:
273:
5332:
3230:
1227:
The adoption of those recommendations of the recent House of Lords inquiry into
1027:
Installation of green energy capture systems in cultural organisations, such as
304:, an architect and theorist, famous for his restorations of medieval buildings.
272:
fields of science and art became increasingly intertwined as scientists such as
5787:
5777:
5674:
5556:
5391:
5204:
5189:
5124:
5074:
4695:
4610:
4384:
4229:
2359:
1581:
1514:
1376:
1330:
In France, training for heritage conservation is taught by four schools :
1272:
997:
908:
897:
Using locally produced products whenever possible, to reduce carbon footprints;
829:
504:
371:
347:
both in the field and in archaeological collections, particularly those of the
289:
281:
3448:
2468:
503:
The conservator's work is guided by ethical standards. These take the form of
6148:
5926:
5815:
5805:
5727:
5566:
5561:
5460:
5134:
5064:
4630:
4484:
4394:
4098:
3945:
3555:
3341:
3116:
3030:
3009:
Pye, Elizabeth; Brommelle, Norman (January 1977). "A Tribute to Ione Gedye".
2869:
2603:
Scientific Examination of Art: Modern Techniques in Conservation and Analysis
2367:
1897:
1587:
II International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments
931:
440:
431:
277:
192:
3967:
879:
Using durable materials for packing that may be washed and re-used, such as
5810:
5492:
5416:
5144:
5099:
4675:
4635:
2085:
2034:
Carta della conservazione e del restauro degli oggetti d'arte e di cultura
1315:
1046:
1010:
973:
reactions and minimises cracking, distortion and other physical changes in
927:
800:
488:
316:
253:
An early video showing some activities in a conservation laboratory at the
3786:
3202:
The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Work
1444:
International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments
698:
Example of an archaeological discovery and restoration of a mural painting
543:
6133:
5921:
5800:
5722:
5686:
5669:
5659:
5624:
5502:
5475:
5470:
5431:
5426:
5363:
5079:
4715:
4660:
4605:
4552:
4512:
4369:
4219:
3391:
1380:
1311:
1307:
1158:
Find more varied ways for a broader range of skills to come into museums.
1028:
981:. Temperature and humidity can be controlled through passive means (e.g.
947:
907:
These decisions are not always straightforward - for example, installing
713:
655:
620:
608:
526:
contemplated in guidelines of diverse institutions related to the field.
297:
293:
254:
233:
200:
138:
73:
4120:
BCIN, the Bibliographic Database of the Conservation Information Network
4074:
3456:
3432:
961:
In general, lowering the temperature reduces the rate at which damaging
903:
Using standard sizes of packaging and package designs that reduce waste;
276:
began to study the damaging effects of the environment to works of art.
88:, research, treatment, and education. This field is closely allied with
5960:
5855:
5710:
5698:
5664:
5619:
5609:
5512:
5507:
5139:
5119:
4650:
4517:
4507:
4459:
4264:
4090:
3888:
3676:
Understanding the Future: Priorities for England's Museums October 2006
3381:
3364:
2885:"Responsible Stewardship: Exploring Sustainability within Conservation"
2686:
1236:
1032:
974:
970:
955:
890:
Repurposing consumables such as blotting paper, non-woven fabrics, and
676:
484:
344:
4033:
3976:
3620:
3407:
2326:
1400:
E.C.C.O. European Confederation of Conservator-Restorers Organisations
1141:
Museums' collections will be more dynamic and better used (pp 15–18).
1005:
major factor in the complexity of preserving digital heritage such as
867:
Preparing smaller amounts of material (e.g. adhesives) to avoid waste;
607:
Many cultural works are sensitive to environmental conditions such as
5629:
5519:
5436:
5367:
5149:
4502:
4129:
2663:"Friedrich Rathgen: The Father of Modern Archaeological Conservation"
1295:
1291:
1116:
Museums will fulfil their potential as learning resources (pp 7–10).
1112:
The document listed the following as priorities for the next decade:
1036:
935:
891:
320:
159:
Conservation of cultural property applies simple ethical guidelines:
4001:
3487:"Simple sustainability practices in Conservation – What can you do?"
2678:
5860:
5757:
5497:
5482:
5453:
5406:
5154:
5114:
5109:
4655:
4479:
4130:
Conservation OnLine (CoOL) Resources for Conservation Professionals
2611:
2565:
2236:
951:
833:
612:
42:
3953:
Charola, A. Elena; Koestler, Robert J., eds. (11 September 2019).
2353:
667:
Antique conservation – Re-painting of the frame by museum employee
5614:
5524:
5401:
5386:
4542:
4224:
4135:
DOCAM — Documentation and Conservation of the Media Arts Heritage
4073:
Szczepanowska, H. M.; Jha, D.; Mathia, Th G. (25 February 2015).
2860:
1299:
749:
628:
534:
332:
93:
4139:
3981:
Art, biology, and conservation: biodeterioration of works of art
3493:. Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material
2499:
Conservation of cultural heritage: key principles and approaches
938:). These plastics will also take longer to degrade in landfill.
857:
products or those with less environmental impact where possible;
467:
The Lunder Conservation Center. Conservation staff for both the
315:
wraps some of the valuable statues on its campus, such as this "
5582:
5534:
5529:
5448:
4434:
4424:
4183:
4003:
La nascita del restauro : dall'antichitĂ all'alto Medioevo
2432:. International Council of Museums - Committee for Conservation
2311:
2216:
2212:
2191:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2100:
2080:
2055:
2019:
1974:
1922:
1902:
1852:
1698:
1677:
1656:
1611:
1566:
1541:
1280:
817:
Rear-Admiral Richard Kempenfelt by Tilly Kettle, after cleaning
417:(Est. 1850 in New York City) invented the vacuum hot table for
336:
130:
77:
3844:
2949:
Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material
1356:
837:
5443:
4469:
4374:
3622:
Energy, A Step-By-Step Guide for Sustainable Action, Volume 1
1014:
884:
880:
627:
usually require shielding from sunlight to prevent fading of
616:
562:
553:
492:
3577:
Museum lighting : a guide for conservators and curators
2777:, March 16, 1937. Patft1.uspto.gov. Retrieved on 2012-06-29.
2606:. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. p. 41.
1413:
894:
film when they are no longer fit for their original purpose;
650:
224:
List of dates in the history of conservation and restoration
4250:
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
4234:
4024:
Cultural heritage ethics : between theory and practice
1947:
1743:
679:, which is still teaching interventive conservators today.
584:
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
450:, first published in 1978. Thomson was associated with the
415:
Oliver Brothers Art Restoration and Art Conservation-Boston
154:
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
3930:"Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past"
2752:
2750:
2408:"Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past"
1832:
International Seminar on Contemporary Tourism and Humanism
439:. This concept is based in part on the pioneering work by
4255:
Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
4125:
CAMEO: Conservation and Art Materials Encyclopedia OnLine
580:
Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
296:, both of whom were deeply influenced by the writings of
149:
Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
4641:
Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment
4124:
3087:
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
1363:
Conservation associations and professional organizations
1343:
L'École supérieure des Beaux-Arts Tours, Angers, Le Mans
5289:
Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
4134:
4119:
3869:
3060:. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 185.
2747:
729:
Painting of the 15th century cleared before restoration
4072:
3544:"The Fate of Video Game Preservation Is in Your Hands"
2974:"E.C.C.O. Professional Guidelines (II) Code of Ethics"
3934:
The John Marshall Review of Intellectual Property Law
3517:
National Film and Sound Archive Preservation Handbook
3363:
Di Turo, Francesca; Medeghini, Laura (January 2021).
2412:
The John Marshall Review of Intellectual Property Law
189:
of the work, and the physical needs of the material.
4006:(Primaizione italiana ed.). Milano: Jaca book.
2349:
3399:
3159:"Working group on sustainability mandate 2020–2022"
2491:
2489:
4055:Historical perspectives on preventive conservation
3999:
3137:
2858:Weil, Stephen E. (October 1989). "Too much Art?".
2667:Journal of the American Institute for Conservation
2563:
1244:It's a material world: caring for the public realm
992:The energy costs associated with cold storage and
6155:Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage
5362:
5294:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
4430:Mold control and prevention (library and archive)
4245:Conservation and restoration of cultural property
4140:ICOMOS Open Archive: EPrints on Cultural Heritage
3741:It's a material world caring for the public realm
3614:
3612:
3610:
3313:
1492:Consiglio Superiore Per Le AntichitĂ e Belle Arti
58:conservation and restoration of cultural property
6146:
5317:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies
5307:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence
5271:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's
3959:Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation
3362:
2486:
767:, the painting originating from the Workshop of
376:Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
232:, but more ancient examples include the work of
5840:Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America
5312:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative
5284:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
3952:
3891:. Conservation-us.org. Retrieved on 2012-06-29.
3781:
3779:
3652:. Washington, DC: Heritage Health Index. 2005.
3314:de Silva, Megan; Henderson, Jane (2011-03-01).
1791:Congress on the European Architectural Heritage
1369:Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings
1063:Heritage Preservation, in partnership with the
362:from 1900. Laurie's interests were fostered by
286:Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings
5248:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
4405:Integrated pest management (cultural property)
3812:"Formation initiale - Ministère de la Culture"
3607:
3405:
2660:
1806:European Charter of the Architectural Heritage
1290:field as conservators have backgrounds in the
750:Examples of the restoration of an oil painting
62:cultural property (tangible cultural heritage)
5348:
4169:
4058:. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute.
2567:Cassiodoro alle origini dell'idea di restauro
2495:
2373:Conservation and restoration of rail vehicles
965:occur within materials. For example, storing
166:Appropriate materials and reversible methods;
4000:Pergoli Campanelli, Alessandro, ed. (2015).
3985:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3776:
3709:"The Future of Museums: A Failure of Vision"
3008:
1306:), and closely related disciplines, such as
1161:Improve continuing professional development.
919:but they may be made with pulp sourced from
458:
3737:
3430:
3055:
2450:
1357:Associations and professional organizations
1242:published an influential pamphlet entitled
823:
5355:
5341:
4813:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
4176:
4162:
4051:
3599:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3131:
1053:
588:
556:before (2001) and after (2009) restoration
514:Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Practice
230:restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
169:Full documentation of all work undertaken.
4360:Disaster preparedness (cultural property)
4079:Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
4032:
3966:
3618:
3390:
3380:
3331:
3316:"Sustainability in conservation practice"
3106:
3080:
3074:
2882:
2876:
2810:
2808:
2553:. Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.
2388:International Day For Monuments and Sites
1414:International cultural property documents
1231:which might affect the future of museums.
651:Interventive conservation and restoration
4260:Conservation science (cultural property)
3927:
3668:
3666:
3574:
3568:
3320:Journal of the Institute of Conservation
2712:"Brief biography of Professor AP Laurie"
2405:
1994:World Conference on Cultural Policies –
1286:Conservation of cultural heritage is an
1092:
1065:Institute of Museum and Library Services
662:
654:
637:
561:
462:
306:
259:
243:
213:Conservation science (cultural property)
107:
41:
29:
4027:. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers.
3637:
3406:Kraczon, Kim; Wuebold, Justine (2021).
3195:"Climate Change and museum collections"
2786:
2564:Pergoli Campanelli, Alessandro (2013).
1107:Department for Culture, Media and Sport
27:Process of protecting cultural property
14:
6147:
4020:
3928:Sullivan, Ann Marie (1 January 2016).
2805:
2768:U.S. "Art of Oil Painting Restoration"
2599:
2548:
2383:Knowledge:WikiProject Collections Care
1347:L'Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
843:
206:
5336:
4157:
3672:
3663:
3153:
3151:
1261:Conservation and restoration training
38:, burial chamber, in Suceava, Romania
3879:. Apva.org. Retrieved on 2012-06-29.
3738:Jones, Samuel; Holden, John (2008).
3484:
3081:Appendino, Federica (October 2017).
2857:
985:, building design) or active means (
358:, academic chemist and Principal of
288:in 1877. The society was founded by
3791:American Institute for Conservation
3541:
3058:Contemporary theory of conservation
1324:American Institute for Conservation
799:Rear-Admiral Richard Kempenfelt by
595:Risk management (cultural property)
512:American Institute for Conservation
54:
24:
5939:Index of painting-related articles
4445:Preservation (library and archive)
3921:
3307:
3248:
3148:
2937:
2570:. Milano: Jaca book. p. 140.
2281:Declaration of Cartagena de Indias
1464:Conferenza Internazionale di Atene
838:Sustainable conservation practices
603:Preservation (library and archive)
339:, the Koniglichen Museen, Berlin (
80:. Conservation activities include
60:focuses on protection and care of
25:
6186:
4113:
4021:Sandis, Constantine, ed. (2014).
3719:from the original on 6 March 2012
1088:
112:Revision and conservation of the
5299:Conservation-restoration of the
5175:Indigenous intellectual property
3851:. Central Tibetan Administration
3659:from the original on 2022-10-09.
3166:International Council of Museums
2834:"Ethical issues in conservation"
2496:Szczepanowska, Hanna M. (2013).
2352:
1332:École supérieure d'art d'Avignon
1058:
809:
791:
777:
756:
735:
721:
704:
566:Preserved historical quarter in
542:
533:
239:
199:, describes restoration as "the
144:It may broadly be divided into:
4410:Inventory (library and archive)
4310:Cultural property documentation
4052:Staniforth, Sarah, ed. (2013).
3894:
3882:
3863:
3837:
3818:
3804:
3764:from the original on 2022-10-09
3731:
3701:
3689:from the original on 2022-10-09
3535:
3505:
3485:Fox, Jefferey; Ronai, Lucilla.
3478:
3424:
3356:
3278:
3223:
3211:from the original on 2022-10-09
3187:
3175:from the original on 2022-10-09
3049:
3037:
3002:
2990:from the original on 2022-10-09
2966:
2955:from the original on 2021-01-20
2913:
2901:from the original on 2022-10-09
2851:
2826:
2780:
2760:
2722:
2704:
2654:
2628:
1430:Text (English where available)
1351:Institut national du patrimoine
1235:In November 2008, the UK-based
1097:Conservation in Progress note,
771:, seen here before restoration.
644:Serra da Capivara National Park
469:Smithsonian American Art Museum
6175:Cultural heritage conservation
4808:Bone, horn, and antler objects
4350:Digital photograph restoration
3292:. 29 June 2019. Archived from
3260:Sustainability in Conservation
3235:Sustainability in Conservation
3108:10.1088/1757-899x/245/6/062002
3056:Muñoz Viñas, Salvador (2005).
2593:
2584:
2557:
2542:
2528:South Florida Art Conservation
2516:
2444:
2422:
2399:
114:Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc
13:
1:
4993:South Asian household shrines
4691:Reconstruction (architecture)
4621:Cultural property radiography
4578:Registrar (cultural property)
4330:Cultural resources management
4290:Collections management system
3023:10.1080/01400096.1977.9635631
2883:Hernandez, Christian (2013).
2393:
941:
266:Church of St. Trophime, Arles
103:
5878:Museum collection management
5801:Art history (academic study)
5680:alternative exhibition space
5262:Conservation-restoration of
5253:Conservation-restoration of
4626:Detachment of wall paintings
4400:Intangible cultural heritage
4315:Cultural property exhibition
4300:Cultural heritage management
4149:Getty Conservation Institute
4145:Publications & Resources
3333:10.1080/19455224.2011.566013
2430:"Definition of a Profession"
2406:Sullivan, Ann Marie (2016).
217:
7:
6039:Colossal sculptures in situ
5743:Artist-in-residence program
4706:Transfer of panel paintings
3619:Southwick, Caitlin (2021).
2524:"What is Art Conservation?"
2345:
1826:Charter on Cultural Tourism
1714:Carta Italiana del Restauro
1487:Carta Italiana del restauro
1254:
573:
10:
6191:
6049:Contemporary art galleries
5944:Outline of the visual arts
5170:Heritage language learning
4440:Optical media preservation
3961:. Washington, D.C.: 1–72.
3870:APVA Preservation Virginia
3834:. Retrieved on 2012-06-29.
3673:Lammy, David, ed. (2006).
3431:O'Dwyer, Dervilla (2010).
3144:. University of Cambridge.
2945:"Environmental Guidelines"
2838:Conservation OnLine (CoOL)
2187:Declaration of San Antonio
1360:
1264:
1258:
1099:Victoria and Albert Museum
1013:, messaging services, and
743:Painting after restoration
592:
577:
221:
210:
6119:
5979:
5848:
5786:
5650:
5575:
5374:
5238:
5210:Oral history preservation
5051:
4780:
4724:
4591:
4493:
4325:Cultural property storage
4320:Cultural property imaging
4195:
3449:10.1179/sic.2010.55.3.155
2469:10.1179/iccm.1978.4.4.002
1183:Institute of Conservation
498:
473:National Portrait Gallery
459:Conservation laboratories
6103:Most expensive paintings
5890:Conservation-restoration
5692:Contemporary art gallery
5257:by ElĂas GarcĂa MartĂnez
4475:Sustainable preservation
3575:Saunders, David (2020).
2820:www.culturalheritage.org
1786:Declaration of Amsterdam
1759:Santo Domingo Resolution
1536:New Delhi Recommendation
824:Sustainable conservation
673:Institute of Archaeology
349:Institute of Archaeology
116:(Czech Republic) in 2006
6111:works by living artists
5873:Classificatory disputes
5215:Preservation of meaning
5200:Language revitalization
4868:Illuminated manuscripts
4646:Historic paint analysis
4538:Conservation technician
4340:Deaccessioning (museum)
4280:Collections maintenance
4205:Agents of deterioration
3968:10.5479/si.19492359.1.1
3682:. ABC 5 Public report.
3437:Studies in Conservation
3099:2017MS&E..245f2002A
2787:Thomson, Garry (1986).
2661:Gilberg, Mark. (1987).
2549:Brandi, Cesare (1963).
2156:European Recommendation
1054:Country by country look
599:Collections maintenance
589:Preventive conservation
568:Beirut Central District
437:preventive conservation
404:Rutherford John Gettens
341:Royal Museums of Berlin
82:preventive conservation
5225:Tradition preservation
4878:Iron and steel objects
4767:Outdoor bronze objects
4711:UVC-based preservation
4568:Photograph conservator
4533:Conservation scientist
4285:Collections management
4215:Archaeological science
3787:"Become a Conservator"
3513:"Cold Storage of Film"
3290:www.iiconservation.org
3231:"Sustainable Practice"
2925:www.iiconservation.org
2789:The museum environment
2232:Carta de Mar del Plata
2165:Committee of Ministers
1847:Nairobi Recommendation
1294:, sciences (including
1252:
1206:
1197:
1191:
1102:
967:cellulose acetate film
668:
660:
647:
570:
480:
366:. In 1924 the chemist
360:Heriot-Watt University
324:
268:
257:
117:
51:
39:
5748:Artist-run initiative
5635:Visual arts education
5230:Traditional knowledge
5195:Language preservation
4803:Ancient Greek pottery
4701:Textile stabilization
4563:Paintings conservator
4450:Preservation metadata
4335:Database preservation
4189:historic preservation
3443:(3 (2010)): 155–158.
2502:. London: Routledge.
1761:, Dominican Republic
1739:Stockholm Declaration
1388:Preservation Virginia
1248:
1201:
1192:
1187:
1105:In October 2006, the
1096:
1031:photovoltaic plates,
666:
658:
641:
625:watercolour paintings
621:ultraviolet radiation
565:
466:
413:George T. Oliver, of
370:began to work at the
356:Arthur Pillans Laurie
310:
302:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
263:
252:
197:Theory of Restoration
163:Minimal intervention;
111:
45:
33:
6044:Contemporary artists
5907:Destination painting
5704:Single-artist museum
5593:Conservator-restorer
5018:Time-based media art
4828:Copper-based objects
4742:Archaeological sites
4671:Mass deacidification
4616:Cradling (paintings)
4528:Conservator-restorer
4355:Digital preservation
3889:About AIC – Overview
2816:"Our Code of Ethics"
2451:Walston, S. (1978).
2306:Paris Recommendation
2207:Declaration of Sofia
2075:Paris Recommendation
1970:Tlaxcala Declaration
1868:Machu Picchu Charter
1693:Paris Recommendation
1651:Paris Recommendation
1606:Paris Recommendation
1561:Paris Recommendation
1229:Science and Heritage
393:conservation science
335:to be employed by a
90:conservation science
48:Horses of Saint Mark
46:Conservation of the
6034:Art reference books
5828:History of painting
5412:Fine-art photograph
5322:World Heritage Site
5185:Indigenous language
5085:Endangered language
4983:Shipwreck artifacts
4963:Photographic plates
4913:Musical instruments
4666:Lining of paintings
4583:Textile conservator
4558:Objects conservator
4548:Exhibition designer
4455:Preservation survey
4380:Found in collection
4270:Collection (museum)
4240:Calendar (archives)
4210:Archival processing
3825:History of the SPAB
3542:Bunting, Geoffrey.
3523:on 17 November 2022
3266:on 10 November 2021
2822:. AIC. August 1994.
2551:Teoria del restauro
2015:Declaration of Rome
1943:Nairobi Declaration
1925:: Historic Gardens
979:indoor environments
921:old growth forests.
844:Choice of materials
387:tunnels during the
368:Harold Plenderleith
364:William Holman Hunt
207:History and science
185:, artist's intent,
6129:Visual arts portal
6059:National galleries
5912:Eclecticism in art
5867:Catalogue raisonné
5738:Artist cooperative
5180:Indigenous culture
4523:Collection manager
4420:Media preservation
4415:Inventory (museum)
4275:Collection catalog
4091:10.1039/C4JA00337C
3875:2008-06-13 at the
3830:2008-05-16 at the
3382:10.3390/su13073609
2773:2016-01-24 at the
2766:Patent# 2,073,802
2734:The British Museum
2530:. 28 February 2014
2378:The Georgian Group
2051:Washington Charter
1990:MĂ©xico Declaration
1958:2009-02-18 at the
1726:2009-05-23 at the
1502:2009-05-23 at the
1474:2009-05-23 at the
1103:
963:chemical reactions
669:
661:
648:
571:
481:
448:Museum Environment
385:London Underground
325:
313:Harvard University
269:
258:
118:
78:museum collections
52:
40:
36:Sucevița Monastery
6170:Cultural heritage
6142:
6141:
5733:Artist collective
5547:Site-specific art
5397:Cultural artifact
5330:
5329:
5279:Pompeian frescoes
5165:Heritage language
5055:cultural heritage
4843:Flags and banners
4788:cultural property
4752:Heritage railways
4732:cultural property
4681:Paleo-inspiration
4365:Film preservation
4305:Cultural property
4295:Cultural heritage
4185:Cultural heritage
4065:978-1-60606-142-8
4044:978-1-78374-067-3
4034:10.11647/obp.0047
3754:978-1-906693-07-7
3747:. London: DEMOS.
3586:978-1-60606-637-9
2798:978-0-7506-2041-3
2636:"Art Under Wraps"
2621:978-0-309-09625-6
2577:978-88-16-41207-1
2343:
2342:
2327:Delhi Declaration
2161:Council of Europe
1811:Council of Europe
1515:Charter of Athens
1304:materials science
1288:interdisciplinary
1002:cellulose acetate
998:cellulose nitrate
952:relative humidity
803:, before cleaning
769:Leonardo da Vinci
331:became the first
329:Friedrich Rathgen
250:
122:cultural property
16:(Redirected from
6182:
6098:Stolen paintings
5966:Sociology of art
5917:Economics of art
5768:Sculpture garden
5753:Artist-run space
5552:Social sculpture
5422:Installation art
5357:
5350:
5343:
5334:
5333:
5266:by Thomas Eakins
5264:The Gross Clinic
5160:Folklore studies
5070:Applied folklore
5043:Wooden furniture
5038:Wooden artifacts
5033:Woodblock prints
5013:Tibetan thangkas
4873:Insect specimens
4762:Outdoor artworks
4757:Historic gardens
4390:Heritage science
4178:
4171:
4164:
4155:
4154:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4069:
4048:
4036:
4017:
3996:
3972:
3970:
3949:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3841:
3835:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3746:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3681:
3670:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3651:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3616:
3605:
3604:
3598:
3590:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3519:. Archived from
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3384:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3335:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3262:. Archived from
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3199:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3163:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3110:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2978:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2900:
2889:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2784:
2778:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2714:. Archived from
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2689:. Archived from
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2640:Harvard Magazine
2632:
2626:
2625:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2471:. Archived from
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2403:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2096:Lausanne Charter
1918:Florence Charter
1672:Paris Convention
1418:
1417:
1340:
987:air conditioning
813:
795:
781:
760:
739:
725:
708:
615:and exposure to
546:
537:
452:National Gallery
251:
120:Conservation of
56:
21:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6124:Painting portal
6115:
6022:sculpture parks
5975:
5934:Elements of art
5902:Cultural policy
5844:
5796:Timeline of art
5782:
5773:Sculpture trail
5652:
5646:
5571:
5488:Performance art
5370:
5361:
5331:
5326:
5273:The Last Supper
5240:
5234:
5220:Primitive music
5130:Folk instrument
5105:Family folklore
5095:Ethnomusicology
5090:Ethnochoreology
5057:
5054:
5047:
4968:Plastic objects
4953:Performance art
4938:Panel paintings
4933:Painting frames
4898:Leather objects
4818:Ceramic objects
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:and restoration
4783:
4776:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4728:and restoration
4727:
4720:
4686:Paper splitting
4601:Aging (artwork)
4593:
4587:
4573:Preservationist
4495:
4489:
4345:Digital library
4197:
4191:
4182:
4116:
4103:
4101:
4066:
4045:
4014:
3993:
3924:
3922:Further reading
3919:
3910:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3887:
3883:
3877:Wayback Machine
3868:
3864:
3854:
3852:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3832:Wayback Machine
3823:
3819:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3744:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3720:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3679:
3671:
3664:
3656:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3617:
3608:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3579:. Los Angeles.
3573:
3569:
3560:
3558:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3524:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3483:
3479:
3469:
3467:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3404:
3400:
3361:
3357:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3297:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3136:
3132:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3054:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3011:The Conservator
3007:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2956:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2929:
2927:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2887:
2881:
2877:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2785:
2781:
2775:Wayback Machine
2765:
2761:
2755:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2696:
2694:
2679:10.2307/3179459
2659:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2562:
2558:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2494:
2487:
2478:
2476:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2287:Conselho Andino
2264:Cracow Charter
1960:Wayback Machine
1728:Wayback Machine
1504:Wayback Machine
1476:Wayback Machine
1416:
1403:and immovable.
1373:14th Dalai Lama
1365:
1359:
1334:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1091:
1061:
1056:
994:digital storage
944:
846:
826:
819:
818:
814:
805:
804:
796:
787:
786:
782:
773:
772:
761:
752:
745:
744:
740:
731:
730:
726:
717:
716:
709:
700:
653:
605:
593:Main articles:
591:
586:
578:Main articles:
576:
560:
559:
558:
557:
552:Castle gate of
549:
548:
547:
539:
538:
501:
461:
446:, and his book
408:George L. Stout
400:Fogg Art Museum
389:First World War
274:Michael Faraday
244:
242:
226:
220:
215:
209:
127:art collections
106:
84:, examination,
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6188:
6178:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6100:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6083:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6074:by nationality
6071:
6061:
6056:
6054:Modern artists
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6004:
5999:
5997:Art techniques
5994:
5989:
5983:
5981:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5883:deaccessioning
5875:
5870:
5863:
5858:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5825:
5824:
5823:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5792:
5790:
5788:History of art
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5778:Virtual museum
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5675:Art exhibition
5672:
5667:
5662:
5656:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5590:
5585:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5557:Soft sculpture
5554:
5549:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5392:Conceptual art
5389:
5384:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5371:
5360:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5337:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5268:
5259:
5250:
5244:
5242:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5205:Living history
5202:
5197:
5192:
5190:Language death
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5125:Folk etymology
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5075:Dance notation
5072:
5067:
5061:
5059:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4988:Silver objects
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4794:
4792:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4772:Outdoor murals
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4738:
4736:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4696:Rissverklebung
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4611:Arrested decay
4608:
4603:
4597:
4595:
4594:and techniques
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4385:Heritage asset
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4230:Bioarchaeology
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4201:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4181:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4115:
4114:External links
4112:
4111:
4110:
4085:(3): 651–657.
4070:
4064:
4049:
4043:
4018:
4012:
3997:
3992:978-1588391070
3991:
3974:
3950:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3906:www.icomos.org
3893:
3881:
3862:
3836:
3817:
3803:
3775:
3753:
3730:
3700:
3662:
3636:
3606:
3585:
3567:
3534:
3504:
3477:
3423:
3398:
3369:Sustainability
3355:
3306:
3277:
3247:
3222:
3186:
3147:
3130:
3073:
3067:978-0750662246
3066:
3048:
3036:
3001:
2965:
2936:
2912:
2892:Annual Meeting
2875:
2850:
2825:
2804:
2797:
2779:
2759:
2746:
2721:
2718:on 2012-07-14.
2703:
2673:(2): 105–120.
2653:
2642:. 1 March 2000
2627:
2620:
2612:10.17226/11413
2592:
2583:
2576:
2556:
2541:
2515:
2509:978-0415674744
2508:
2485:
2443:
2421:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2360:Society portal
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2284:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2248:(Portuguese),
2244:(Portuguese),
2239:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2167:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2139:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2007:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1881:(Portuguese),
1877:(Portuguese),
1872:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1773:(Portuguese),
1768:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1634:
1629:
1627:Norms of Quito
1624:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1589:
1584:
1582:Venice Charter
1579:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1544:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1466:
1461:
1459:Carta Di Atene
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1439:Athens Charter
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1377:Tibetan people
1361:Main article:
1358:
1355:
1273:apprenticeship
1259:Main article:
1256:
1253:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1090:
1089:United Kingdom
1087:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1025:
956:air filtration
943:
940:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
888:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:green solvents
858:
845:
842:
830:global warming
825:
822:
821:
820:
816:
815:
808:
806:
798:
797:
790:
788:
784:
783:
776:
774:
763:
762:
755:
751:
748:
747:
746:
742:
741:
734:
732:
728:
727:
720:
718:
711:
710:
703:
699:
696:
692:Sistine Chapel
652:
649:
590:
587:
575:
572:
551:
550:
541:
540:
532:
531:
530:
529:
528:
516:
515:
505:applied ethics
500:
497:
491:, and various
460:
457:
372:British Museum
290:William Morris
282:United Kingdom
241:
238:
222:Main article:
219:
216:
211:Main article:
208:
205:
201:methodological
171:
170:
167:
164:
157:
156:
151:
105:
102:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6187:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6081:Photographers
6079:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6028:
6027:single artist
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6002:Art movements
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5987:Art magazines
5985:
5984:
5982:
5978:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5928:
5927:art valuation
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5841:
5838:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5826:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5811:Art movements
5809:
5807:
5806:Art manifesto
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5785:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:Arts festival
5726:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5649:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5567:Artwork title
5565:
5563:
5562:Stained glass
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5461:New media art
5459:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5382:Appropriation
5380:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5358:
5353:
5351:
5346:
5344:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5135:Folk medicine
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5065:Ancient music
5063:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4998:Stained glass
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4978:Road vehicles
4976:
4974:
4973:Rail vehicles
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4923:New media art
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4883:Ivory objects
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4863:Human remains
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4853:Glass objects
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4730:of immovable
4723:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4631:Desmet method
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:and expertise
4492:
4486:
4485:Web archiving
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4395:Inherent vice
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4179:
4174:
4172:
4167:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4013:9788816412996
4009:
4005:
4004:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3925:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3890:
3885:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3813:
3807:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3780:
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3756:
3750:
3743:
3742:
3734:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3685:
3678:
3677:
3669:
3667:
3655:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3624:
3623:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3602:
3596:
3588:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3427:
3411:
3410:
3402:
3393:
3392:11573/1621413
3388:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3296:on 2022-11-17
3295:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3207:
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3196:
3190:
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3167:
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3154:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3093:(6): 062002.
3092:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3069:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3005:
2986:
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2969:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2940:
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2922:
2916:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2871:
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2839:
2835:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2800:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2735:
2731:
2730:"Departments"
2725:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2693:on 2011-10-08
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2596:
2587:
2579:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2545:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2490:
2475:on 2016-03-23
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2457:ICCM Bulletin
2454:
2447:
2431:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2398:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:Art discovery
2366:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2350:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
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2313:
2309:
2307:
2304:
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2210:
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2202:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2172:(Rec(95)3E),
2171:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Nara Document
2122:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Burra Charter
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
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1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1800:
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489:spectrometers
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441:Garry Thomson
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432:Cesare Brandi
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317:Chinese stele
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278:Louis Pasteur
275:
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240:Brief history
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193:Cesare Brandi
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5865:
5493:Plastic arts
5417:Found object
5300:
5272:
5263:
5254:
5145:Folk process
5100:Ethnopoetics
5058:preservation
4918:Neon objects
4791:by item type
4782:Conservation
4735:by item type
4726:Conservation
4676:Overpainting
4636:Display case
4465:Repatriation
4244:
4102:. Retrieved
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1381:Tibet Houses
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1316:anthropology
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1199:Concluding:
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1068:
1062:
1019:
1011:social media
991:
960:
945:
928:polyethylene
924:
917:carbon miles
906:
847:
827:
801:Tilly Kettle
689:
685:
681:
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521:
517:
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482:
477:conservators
447:
424:
412:
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379:
353:
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311:Since 1998,
270:
227:
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191:
176:
172:
158:
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135:
119:
70:architecture
64:, including
57:
53:
18:Art restorer
6160:Art history
6134:Arts portal
6007:Art museums
5922:art finance
5723:Arts centre
5687:Art gallery
5670:Art commune
5660:Art auction
5503:Printmaking
5432:Mixed media
5427:Kinetic art
5364:Visual arts
5301:H.L. Hunley
5080:Early music
5028:Vinyl discs
5023:Totem poles
4958:Photographs
4903:Lighthouses
4893:Lacquerware
4848:Fur objects
4786:of movable
4716:VisualAudio
4661:Leafcasting
4606:Anastylosis
4553:Mount maker
4513:Art handler
4370:Finding aid
4220:Archaeology
3713:Icon.org.uk
3629:10 November
3527:17 November
3497:10 November
3470:10 November
3416:10 November
3375:(7): 3609.
3326:(1): 5–15.
3044:Andrew Oddy
2283:, ColĂ´mbia
2252:(Spanish),
1885:(Spanish),
1828:, Brussels
1639:(Spanish),
1335: [
1312:archaeology
1308:art history
1033:wind energy
1007:video games
975:hygroscopic
948:temperature
714:Yves Morvan
609:temperature
485:microscopes
298:John Ruskin
294:Philip Webb
255:Rijksmuseum
234:Cassiodorus
179:stakeholder
139:stewardship
74:archaeology
6149:Categories
6107:sculptures
5961:Provenance
5856:Art market
5763:Commission
5711:Art school
5699:Art museum
5665:Art colony
5653:and events
5513:street art
5508:Public art
5140:Folk music
5120:Folk dance
5053:Intangible
4651:Inpainting
4518:Auctioneer
4508:Art dealer
4460:Provenance
4265:Collecting
4198:and issues
3911:2022-11-17
3849:tibet.net/
3723:10 October
3561:2022-11-17
3300:2022-11-17
3256:"Webinars"
3017:(1): 3–4.
2959:2021-11-12
2930:2021-11-12
2697:2010-05-25
2479:2012-06-29
2394:References
2339:(English)
2272:(Italian)
2256:(Spanish)
2042:(Italian)
1996:MONDIACULT
1889:(Spanish)
1730:(Italian)
1506:(Italian)
1478:(Italian)
1265:See also:
1237:think tank
1037:heat pumps
983:insulation
971:hydrolysis
942:Energy use
677:Ione Gedye
380:profession
351:, London.
345:Ione Gedye
104:Definition
98:registrars
6165:Museology
6086:Sculptors
5992:Art media
5954:sculpture
5895:paintings
5816:Criticism
5598:paintings
5588:Collector
5520:Sculpture
5437:bricolage
5368:art world
5255:Ecce Homo
5150:Folk play
5003:Taxidermy
4948:Parchment
4928:Paintings
4503:Archivist
4099:1364-5544
3946:1930-8140
3595:cite book
3556:1059-1028
3465:194057860
3350:191612605
3342:1945-5224
3125:133496562
3117:1757-8981
3031:0140-0096
2870:0004-3273
2436:18 August
1424:Document
1296:chemistry
1292:fine arts
936:polyester
913:distilled
909:deionised
892:polyester
321:acid rain
218:Key dates
6064:Painters
5949:painting
5861:The arts
5821:feminist
5758:Biennale
5498:Portrait
5483:Painting
5454:graffiti
5407:Fine art
5366:and the
5241:projects
5155:Foodways
5115:Folk art
5110:Folklore
5008:Textiles
4858:Herbaria
4833:Feathers
4798:Aircraft
4656:Kintsugi
4480:Treasure
3873:Archived
3828:Archived
3759:Archived
3717:Archived
3684:Archived
3654:Archived
3457:42751710
3206:Archived
3170:Archived
2985:Archived
2953:Archived
2896:Archived
2771:Archived
2463:(1): 9.
2346:See also
2237:Mercosur
2215:or XXIX
1956:Archived
1724:Archived
1500:Archived
1472:Archived
1427:Sponsor
1392:Richmond
1375:and the
1255:Training
629:pigments
613:humidity
574:Practice
471:and the
419:relining
137:ethical
94:curators
66:artworks
50:(Venice)
6069:by name
6012:largest
5849:Related
5833:outline
5615:Curator
5603:frescos
5540:tallest
5525:carving
5476:virtual
5471:digital
5466:history
5402:Drawing
5387:Collage
5375:Artwork
5239:Notable
4943:Papyrus
4888:Judaica
4747:Frescos
4592:Methods
4543:Curator
4225:Archive
4147:at the
3095:Bibcode
2864:: 232.
2861:ARTnews
2687:3179459
1300:biology
860:Using '
765:Bacchus
333:chemist
284:of the
195:in his
187:meaning
131:museums
6091:female
5716:Europe
5651:Places
5640:Europe
5630:Patron
5620:Dealer
5610:Critic
5583:Artist
5535:statue
5530:relief
5449:fresco
4908:Metals
4823:Clocks
4435:Museum
4425:Midden
4196:Topics
4097:
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2332:ICOMOS
2312:UNESCO
2310:XXXII
2217:UNESCO
2213:ICOMOS
2192:ICOMOS
2137:ICOMOS
2133:ICCROM
2129:UNESCO
2101:ICOMOS
2081:UNESCO
2056:ICOMOS
2020:ICOMOS
1975:ICOMOS
1923:ICOMOS
1903:ICOMOS
1853:UNESCO
1699:UNESCO
1678:UNESCO
1657:UNESCO
1612:UNESCO
1567:UNESCO
1542:UNESCO
1314:, and
1302:, and
1281:intern
1101:(2014)
1045:Using
934:, and
853:Using
601:, and
499:Ethics
337:Museum
183:values
181:, the
76:, and
5980:Lists
5971:Style
5625:Model
5576:Roles
5444:Mural
4494:Roles
4470:Ruins
4375:Fonds
4104:9 May
3940:(3).
3762:(PDF)
3745:(PDF)
3687:(PDF)
3680:(PDF)
3657:(PDF)
3650:(PDF)
3548:Wired
3491:AICCM
3461:S2CID
3453:JSTOR
3346:S2CID
3270:9 May
3240:9 May
3215:9 May
3209:(PDF)
3198:(PDF)
3179:9 May
3173:(PDF)
3162:(PDF)
3121:S2CID
2988:(PDF)
2977:(PDF)
2899:(PDF)
2888:(PDF)
2683:JSTOR
2323:2017
2302:2003
2277:2002
2261:2000
2228:1997
2203:1997
2183:1996
2152:1995
2120:1994
2105:ICAHM
2092:1990
2071:1989
2047:1987
2031:1987
2011:1983
1986:1982
1966:1982
1939:1982
1914:1982
1894:1981
1864:1977
1843:1976
1822:1976
1802:1975
1782:1975
1755:1974
1735:1972
1710:1972
1697:XVII
1689:1972
1676:XVII
1668:1972
1647:1968
1623:1967
1610:XIII
1602:1964
1578:1964
1557:1962
1532:1956
1511:1933
1483:1932
1455:1931
1435:1931
1421:Year
1339:]
1240:Demos
1029:solar
1015:email
885:Mylar
881:Tyvek
834:toxic
554:Krnov
493:x-ray
4838:Film
4235:Book
4187:and
4106:2022
4095:ISSN
4060:ISBN
4039:ISBN
4008:ISBN
3987:ISBN
3942:ISSN
3857:2019
3798:2022
3770:2022
3749:ISBN
3725:2008
3695:2022
3631:2021
3601:link
3581:ISBN
3552:ISSN
3529:2022
3499:2021
3472:2021
3418:2021
3338:ISSN
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3242:2022
3217:2022
3181:2022
3113:ISSN
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2996:2022
2907:2022
2866:ISSN
2845:2022
2793:ISBN
2741:2022
2648:2022
2616:ISBN
2572:ISBN
2536:2022
2504:ISBN
2438:2012
2337:text
2317:text
2296:text
2270:text
2254:text
2250:text
2246:text
2242:text
2222:text
2197:text
2175:text
2170:text
2146:text
2142:text
2114:text
2110:text
2086:text
2079:XXV
2065:text
2061:text
2040:text
2025:text
2005:text
2001:text
1980:text
1953:text
1948:UNEP
1933:text
1929:text
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1883:text
1879:text
1875:text
1858:text
1851:XIX
1837:text
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1749:text
1744:UNEP
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1565:XII
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1521:CIAM
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1000:and
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292:and
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3328:doi
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2675:doi
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2291:OAS
2211:XI
1887:ref
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