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The nature of artificial whitewater courses necessitates the need for a drop in the river, and enough water flow to provide hydraulics. When this isn't possible (often in flat low-lying areas), electric pumps are used to lift and re-circulate the water to the top of the course. The shapes of these
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These courses are created in existing natural river channels, but are enhanced with strategic placement of new rocks, boulders, or concrete structures. Some are downstream of river or channel wide dams and therefore have some level of flow optimization, others are subject to seasonal flows.
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across the river. The barrage is opened during a rising high tide to allow the sea water in, then shut as the tide turns. The water stored above the barrage is then forced through an artificial channel to provide water features.
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These work by diverting a natural river through boulder placement or damming, or by creating new channels next to an existing river, possibly by a
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of electrical power are needed to pump 15 cubic metres per second of water down a course with a 5-meter drop in height.
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Pumped courses are extremely expensive to run, typically 1-2
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Hydrostadium, constructor of most
Olympic whitewater courses
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International Canoe
Federation: Tokyo slalom venue opened
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Created in estuaries with large tidal reaches, on a
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558:Tees Barrage International White Water Course
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662:http://www.parquedelagua.com/parque-del-agua
343:Hellinikon Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre
258:courses are commonly circular or U-shaped.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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16:Artificially created water sports venue
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420:Adventure Sports Center International
284:List of artificial whitewater courses
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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450:Cardington Artificial Slalom Course
407:Riversport Rapids Whitewater Center
357:Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park
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377:Deodoro Olympic Whitewater Stadium
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397:Vaires-sur-Marne Nautical Stadium
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502:U.S. National Whitewater Center
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153:U.S. National Whitewater Center
34:needs additional citations for
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629:Under planning or construction
409:, Oklahoma City, United States
1:
774:Artificial whitewater courses
707:https://www.wadiadventure.ae/
659:Parque del Agua "Luis Buñuel"
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399:, Vaires-sur-Marne, France —
367:Lee Valley White Water Centre
212:with artificially generated
186:artificial whitewater course
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564:, England — converted from
463:Dickerson Whitewater Course
379:, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil —
335:, near Sydney, Australia —
168:Teesside White Water Course
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576:Čunovo Water Sports Centre
445:natural flow modifications
333:Penrith Whitewater Stadium
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278:Olympic whitewater courses
236:or power station outflow.
506:Charlotte, North Carolina
387:Kasai Canoe Slalom Centre
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157:Charlotte, North Carolina
177:Rafting and canoeing at
140:Kayaking and Rafting at
541:Tacen Whitewater Course
319:Ocoee Whitewater Center
58:"Artificial whitewater"
515:Nene Whitewater Centre
224:Main types of course:
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593:Canal de aguas bravas
414:Other notable courses
323:Copperhill, Tennessee
313:flow diversion/pumped
188:(AWWC) is a site for
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619:United Arab Emirates
369:, London, England —
43:improve this article
758:Wadi Adventure, UAE
467:Dickerson, Maryland
359:, Beijing, China —
194:whitewater kayaking
190:whitewater canoeing
508:, United States —
476:Dutch Water Dreams
469:, United States —
426:, United States —
325:, United States —
305:Segre Olympic Park
202:whitewater rafting
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179:Dutch Water Dreams
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729:Missing or empty
684:Missing or empty
433:Canolfan Tryweryn
424:McHenry, Maryland
389:, Tokyo, Japan —
291:Augsburg Eiskanal
198:whitewater racing
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532:British Columbia
528:Rutherford Creek
489:Holme Pierrepont
482:, Netherlands —
327:altered riverbed
269:Altered Riverbed
142:Holme Pierrepont
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32:This article
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710:. Retrieved
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686:|title=
665:. Retrieved
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572:in 2010/2011
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240:Tidal action
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220:Course types
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41:Please help
36:verification
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712:10 February
667:10 February
534:, Canada —
519:Northampton
441:North Wales
349:, Greece —
206:playboating
99:August 2012
634:References
493:Nottingham
480:Zoetermeer
311:, Spain —
69:newspapers
615:Abu Dhabi
545:Ljubljana
263:megawatts
144:, England
132:, Germany
768:Category
722:cite web
677:cite web
597:Zaragoza
584:Slovakia
549:Slovenia
295:Augsburg
130:Augsburg
126:Eiskanal
603:, Spain
504:, near
454:Bedford
405:2028 -
395:2024 -
385:2021 -
375:2016 -
365:2012 -
355:2008 -
341:2004 -
331:2000 -
317:1996 -
303:1992 -
289:1972 -
246:barrage
83:scholar
623:pumped
611:Al Ain
601:Aragon
580:Čunovo
570:pumped
523:pumped
510:pumped
484:pumped
471:pumped
428:pumped
401:pumped
391:pumped
381:pumped
371:pumped
361:pumped
351:pumped
347:Athens
337:pumped
253:Pumped
214:rapids
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578:near
566:tidal
543:near
452:near
435:near
321:near
90:JSTOR
76:books
735:help
714:2020
690:help
669:2020
234:weir
208:and
166:The
62:news
609:in
568:to
560:in
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517:in
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307:in
293:in
184:An
155:in
128:in
45:by
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720:{{
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675:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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