593:
581:
569:
321:
544:
32:
433:) in cases of heavy exposure where about 10% of the fibers become coated. Most inhaled asbestos fibers remain uncoated. About 20% of the inhaled fibers are transported by cytoskeletal components of the alveolar epithelium to the interstitial compartment of the lung where they interact with macrophages and mesenchymal cells. The cytokines, transforming growth factor beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha, appear to play major roles in the development of scarring inasmuch as the process can be blocked in animal models by preventing the expression of the growth factors. The result is fibrosis in the interstitial space, thus asbestosis.
480:
557:
605:
472:
4056:
449:
537:, and others. The presence of pleural plaques may provide supportive evidence of causation by asbestos. Although lung biopsy is usually not necessary, the presence of asbestos bodies in association with pulmonary fibrosis establishes the diagnosis. Conversely, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in the absence of asbestos bodies is most likely not asbestosis. Asbestos bodies in the absence of fibrosis indicate exposure, not disease.
4085:
696:. The enquiry formally acknowledged the existence of asbestosis, recognised that it was hazardous to health and concluded that it was irrefutably linked to the prolonged inhalation of asbestos dust. Having established the existence of asbestosis on a medical and judicial basis, the report resulted in the first Asbestos Industry Regulations being published in 1931, which came into effect on 1 March 1932.
429:, attracting further lung macrophages and fibrolastic cells that synthesize fibrous scar tissue, which eventually becomes diffuse and can progress in heavily exposed individuals. This tissue can be seen microscopically soon after exposure in animal models. Some asbestos fibers become layered by an iron-containing proteinaceous material (
709:
responsible for compensating present and future claimants. Since 1988, 60 trusts have been established to pay claims with about $ 37 billion in total assets. From 1988 through 2010, analysis from the United States
Government Accountability Office indicates that trusts have paid about 3.3 million claims valued at about $ 17.5 billion.
440:. This can result in shortness of breath, a common symptom exhibited by individuals with asbestosis. Those with asbestosis may be more vulnerable to tumor growth (mesothelioma), because asbestos decreases the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells and impairs the functioning of T helper cells, which detect abnormal cell growth.
543:
401:
fibers. There are two types of fibers: amphibole (thin and straight) and serpentine (curly). All forms of asbestos fibers are responsible for human disease as they are able to penetrate deeply into the lungs. When such fibers reach the alveoli (air sacs) in the lung, where oxygen is transferred into
233:
Asbestosis is caused by breathing in asbestos fibers. It requires a relatively large exposure over a long period of time, which typically only occur in those who directly work with asbestos. All types of asbestos fibers are associated with an increased risk. It is generally recommended that currently
377:
Construction workers who inhale asbestos from contaminated building materials such as paint, spackling, roof shingles, masonry compounds, and drywall may get asbestosis. The amount and length of an individual's exposure to asbestos are the primary factors that determine the level of risk. The longer
1690:
Craighead JE, Abraham JL, Churg A, et al. (October 1982). "The pathology of asbestos-associated diseases of the lungs and pleural cavities: diagnostic criteria and proposed grading schema. Report of the
Pneumoconiosis Committee of the College of American Pathologists and the National Institute
708:
To date, about 100 companies have declared bankruptcy at least partially due to asbestos-related liability. In accordance with
Chapter 11 and § 524(g) of the U.S. federal bankruptcy code, a company may transfer its liabilities and certain assets to an asbestos personal injury trust, which is then
699:
The first lawsuits against asbestos manufacturers occurred in 1929. Since then, many lawsuits have been filed against asbestos manufacturers and employers, for neglecting to implement safety measures after the link between asbestos, asbestosis and mesothelioma became known (some reports seem to
687:
in 1924 from pulmonary asbestosis was the first case to be described in medical literature, and the first published account of disease definitely attributed to occupational asbestos exposure. However, her former employers (Turner
Brothers Asbestos) denied that asbestosis even existed because the
704:
in modern times). The liability resulting from the sheer number of lawsuits and people affected has reached billions of U.S. dollars. The amounts and method of allocating compensation have been the source of many court cases, and government attempts at resolution of existing and future cases.
513:
system, "s", "t", and/or "u" opacities predominate. CT or high-resolution CT (HRCT) are more sensitive than plain radiography at detecting pulmonary fibrosis (as well as any underlying pleural changes). More than 50% of people affected with asbestosis develop plaques in the
410:
reaction dominated by lung macrophages that respond to chemotactic factors activated by the fibers. This inflammatory reaction can be described as chronic rather than acute, with a slow ongoing progression of the immune system attempting to eliminate the foreign fibers.
350:
Those who worked in the production, milling, manufacturing, installation, or removal of asbestos products before the late 1970s are at an increased risk of exposure to asbestos. This includes people who worked in these jobs in the United States and Canada. For example:
272:
The signs and symptoms of asbestosis typically manifest after a significant amount of time has passed following asbestos exposure, often several decades under current conditions in the US. The primary symptom of asbestosis is generally the slow onset of
592:
688:
medical condition was not officially recognised at the time. As a result, they accepted no liability for her injuries and paid no compensation, either to
Kershaw during her final illness or to her family after her death. Even so, the findings of the
1251:
Miller A, Lilis R, Godbold J, Chan E, Selikoff IJ (February 1992). "Relationship of pulmonary function to radiographic interstitial fibrosis in 2,611 long-term asbestos insulators. An assessment of the
International Labour Office profusion score".
508:
The abnormal chest x-ray and its interpretation remain the most important factors in establishing the presence of pulmonary fibrosis. The findings usually appear as small, irregular parenchymal opacities, primarily in the lung bases. Using the
518:, the space between the chest wall and lungs. Once apparent, the radiographic findings in asbestosis may slowly progress or remain static, even in the absence of further asbestos exposure. Rapid progression suggests an alternative diagnosis.
1545:
Liu J.-Y., Sime P. J., Wu T., Warshamana G. S., Pociask D., Tsai S.-Y., Brody A. R. (2001). "Transforming Growth Factor-β1 overexpression in Tumor
Necrosis Factor-α receptor knockout mice induces fibroproliferative lung disease".
549:
Figure A shows the location of the lungs, airways, pleura, and diaphragm in the body. Figure B shows lungs with asbestos-related diseases, including pleural plaque, lung cancer, asbestosis, plaque on the diaphragm, and
644:
vaccination is administered due to increased sensitivity to the diseases. Those with asbestosis are at increased risk for certain cancers. If the person smokes, quitting the habit reduces further damage. Periodic
2028:
2013:
1045:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
676:, testified before a British committee concerning a patient who died in April 1900. Murray indicated that fibrosis of the lungs caused by asbestos dust was a plausible cause of the patient's death.
3726:
3661:
993:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
381:
Families of exposed workers can be affected because asbestos fibers from clothing and hair can end up in the home. People who live near mines can also be exposed to airborne asbestos fibers.
913:
501:
Evidence of causation by asbestos as documented by the occupational and environmental history, markers of exposure (usually pleural plaques), recovery of asbestos bodies, or other means
568:
300:/FVC, is generally well preserved. In severe cases, the drastic reduction in lung function due to the stiffening of the lungs and reduced TLC may induce right-sided heart failure (
3348:
2512:
580:
261:. Asbestosis affected about 157,000 people and resulted in 3,600 deaths in 2015. Asbestos use has been banned in a number of countries in an effort to prevent disease.
436:
This fibrotic scarring causes alveolar walls to thicken, which reduces elasticity and gas diffusion, reducing oxygen transfer to the blood as well as the removal of
1328:
Roggli VL, Sanders LL (2000). "Asbestos content of lung tissue and carcinoma of the lung: a clinicopathologic correlation and mineral fiber analysis of 234 cases".
624:
at home is often necessary to relieve the shortness of breath and correct underlying low blood oxygen levels. Supportive treatment of symptoms includes respiratory
3226:
1096:
829:
288:
The characteristic pulmonary function finding in asbestosis is a restrictive ventilatory defect. This manifests as a reduction in lung volumes, particularly the
795:
4076:
3684:
1477:
Warheit D. B., Hill L. H., George G., Brody A. R. (1986). "Time Course of chemotactic factor generation and the macrophage response to asbestos inhalation".
3870:
3655:
1144:
4071:
3705:
3667:
4089:
3715:
3611:
2131:
901:
296:(TLC). The TLC may be reduced through alveolar wall thickening; however, this is not always the case. Large airway function, as reflected by FEV
3976:
4116:
3679:
3629:
2976:
3219:
1884:
1580:
Brody, A. R. Asbestosis. In: Comprehensive
Toxicology. (Roth, R. A., Ed.), Elsevier Science, New York, Vol. 8(25), pp. 393–413, 1997.
1764:
Statement Before the
Committee in the Minutes of Evidence, Report of the Departmental Committee on Compensation for Industrial Disease
2731:
1655:
Becklake MR, Case BW (December 1994). "Fiber burden and asbestos-related lung disease: determinants of dose-response relationships".
1963:
556:
604:
4060:
3849:
3212:
2755:
2527:
1939:
598:
The black arrows point to ferrugionous bodies that are located at the periphery of a focus of non-small cell lung carcinoma, NOS.
4036:
3895:
3308:
1762:
2502:
1727:
1235:
1181:
American
Thoracic Society (September 2004). "Diagnosis and initial management of nonmalignant diseases related to asbestos".
935:
633:
342:
mineral fibers suspended in the air. In the 1930s, E. R. A. Merewether found that greater exposure resulted in greater risk.
4016:
743:
1365:"An expert system for the evaluation of historical asbestos exposure as diagnostic criterion in asbestos-related diseases"
3298:
3188:
2971:
2726:
2124:
1457:
3966:
2981:
2777:
1119:
836:
3889:
3879:
3634:
3178:
2958:
2458:
2153:
2148:
1441:
1113:
972:
871:
1590:
Nishimura Y, Maeda M, Kumagai-Takei N, Lee S, Matsuzaki H, Wada Y, Nishiike-Wada T, Iguchi H, Otsuki T (May 2013).
807:
2922:
239:
234:
existing and undamaged asbestos be left undisturbed. Diagnosis is based upon a history of exposure together with
4126:
4066:
3931:
3586:
3323:
3235:
3193:
2659:
2117:
1743:
3802:
3555:
2767:
526:
653:, and clinical evaluations, including cancer screening/evaluations, are given to detect additional hazards.
425:
Due to the asbestos fibers' natural resistance to digestion, some macrophages are killed and others release
264:
Statistics from the UK's Health and Safety Executive showed that in 2019, there were 490 asbestosis deaths.
3844:
3777:
3530:
3318:
2966:
2917:
2750:
2688:
1991:. IRIS—Integrated Risk Information System. US Environmental Protection Agency. 2013-03-15. CASRN 1332-21-4.
1498:"TNF-α receptor knockout mice are protected from the fibroproliferative effects of inhaled asbestos fibers"
530:
460:
328:
1918:
320:
3981:
3673:
3581:
3545:
3383:
2927:
1155:
673:
4041:
3946:
3720:
3423:
3113:
646:
3639:
3550:
3535:
3398:
3393:
3368:
2986:
2611:
2585:
2310:
2211:
1105:
491:
717:
This is a partial list of notable people who have died from lung fibrosis associated with asbestos:
4031:
3956:
3936:
3829:
3453:
3443:
3418:
2762:
2590:
2575:
2568:
2473:
2434:
2381:
2359:
2317:
2245:
2043:
250:
31:
2741:
990:
498:
Evidence of structural pathology consistent with asbestosis, as documented by imaging or histology
285:
is used to listen to the lungs of a person with asbestosis, they may hear inspiratory "crackles".
4121:
4001:
3787:
2890:
2532:
2448:
2323:
803:
227:
96:
76:
3596:
3576:
3363:
3333:
3016:
2869:
2830:
2745:
2698:
2397:
2240:
637:
2083:
1955:
1781:
Greenberg M (1982). "Classical syndromes in occupational medicine: The Montague Murray case".
1592:"Altered functions of alveolar macrophages and NK cells involved in asbestos-related diseases"
1458:"A chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers-Asbestosis - Symptoms & causes"
962:
861:
3591:
2278:
2250:
1431:
692:
into her death were highly influential insofar as they led to a parliamentary enquiry by the
246:
479:
3792:
3767:
3571:
3488:
3338:
3328:
3288:
3243:
2895:
2847:
2835:
2649:
2607:
2206:
1603:
667:
628:
to remove secretions from the lungs by postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration.
153:
2507:
8:
3926:
3809:
3797:
3762:
3540:
3525:
3518:
3498:
3268:
3250:
3163:
3130:
2876:
2825:
2453:
2273:
2140:
2032:
1970:
1404:
701:
402:
the blood, the foreign bodies (asbestos fibers) cause the activation of the lungs' local
293:
278:
277:, especially with physical activity. Clinically advanced cases of asbestosis may lead to
207:
61:
1607:
4131:
3961:
3865:
3782:
3601:
3021:
2886:
2842:
2674:
2595:
2522:
2392:
1852:
1825:
1632:
1591:
1522:
1497:
1206:
1069:
1044:
1017:
992:
693:
510:
484:
456:
305:
195:
56:
1513:
1341:
1225:
1095:
World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe., ed. (2000). "6.2 – Asbestos".
1094:
1060:
1008:
4111:
4011:
3824:
3503:
3478:
3373:
3358:
3143:
2387:
2216:
2177:
2109:
2054:
1901:
1876:
1857:
1806:
1798:
1723:
1700:
1672:
1637:
1619:
1563:
1527:
1437:
1386:
1345:
1310:
1269:
1231:
1198:
1109:
1074:
1022:
991:
GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (8 October 2016).
968:
867:
755:
121:
44:
2037:
1265:
1210:
1042:
521:
Asbestosis resembles many other diffuse interstitial lung diseases, including other
373:
Workers who remove asbestos insulation from around a steam vessel in an old building
3752:
3747:
3413:
3353:
3086:
3079:
2943:
2864:
2703:
2639:
2488:
1893:
1847:
1839:
1790:
1664:
1627:
1611:
1555:
1517:
1509:
1376:
1337:
1300:
1261:
1190:
1064:
1056:
1012:
1004:
650:
574:
The arrow points to an uncoated segment of asbestos fiber in this ferruginous body.
430:
2094:
378:
one is exposed to the substance, the higher their risk of developing lung damage.
4026:
4006:
3834:
3513:
3508:
3463:
3204:
3108:
3060:
2948:
2899:
2820:
2736:
2544:
2048:
1668:
515:
235:
145:
127:
632:
medications may be prescribed in order to loosen secretions or treat underlying
3991:
3951:
3839:
3819:
3814:
3433:
3313:
3046:
2708:
2619:
2539:
2349:
2344:
2097:
1289:"Airways obstruction from asbestos exposure. Effects of asbestosis and smoking"
1194:
909:
737:
684:
621:
522:
437:
324:
289:
254:
149:
1615:
4105:
3996:
3757:
3458:
3403:
3138:
2852:
2563:
2059:
1802:
1623:
1559:
1381:
1364:
1305:
1288:
749:
721:
625:
403:
394:
301:
2022:
1919:
Report to the Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives
1794:
304:). In addition to a restrictive defect, asbestosis may produce reduction in
3911:
3885:
3875:
3468:
3408:
3378:
3075:
3028:
2413:
2365:
2234:
1947:
1935:
1897:
1861:
1843:
1641:
1567:
1476:
1390:
1349:
1202:
1078:
1026:
727:
464:
415:
407:
223:
191:
85:
1905:
1810:
1704:
1676:
1531:
1495:
1314:
1273:
1223:
3921:
3388:
3283:
3278:
3173:
3120:
3103:
3098:
3051:
3006:
2857:
2805:
2772:
2644:
2373:
2305:
2268:
2223:
2158:
2078:
1988:
1462:
830:"World Health Organization. Air Quality Guidelines, 2nd Edition—Asbestos"
534:
471:
282:
219:
81:
49:
1544:
397:
and extending into the alveolar walls) resulting from the inhalation of
4021:
3971:
3941:
3916:
3438:
3428:
3303:
3293:
3273:
3093:
2693:
2679:
2654:
2624:
2558:
2429:
2405:
2354:
2228:
2193:
2168:
1043:
GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (8 October 2016).
452:
419:
412:
390:
335:
215:
199:
69:
3662:
Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro
2005:
448:
3742:
3710:
3448:
3258:
3168:
2800:
2669:
2664:
2634:
2185:
2089:
1717:
641:
629:
389:
Asbestosis is the scarring of lung tissue (beginning around terminal
327:
fibers identified in room air analysis, magnified 5000 times using a
309:
160:
16:
Pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation and retention of asbestos fibers
3986:
3473:
3343:
3183:
3068:
2468:
2201:
426:
398:
339:
211:
203:
114:
92:
65:
2421:
2297:
689:
680:
274:
258:
89:
39:
A plaque caused by asbestos exposure on the diaphragmatic pleura
3772:
2518:
2331:
2260:
2017:
1826:"Fibrosis of the Lungs due to the Inhalation of Asbestos Dust"
1589:
2339:
740:, first person diagnosed with asbestos-related disease, 1924
245:
There is no specific treatment. Recommendations may include
2288:
494:(ATS), the general diagnostic criteria for asbestosis are:
1433:
The Health Effects of Asbestos: An Evidence-based Approach
610:
61-year-old working industrially with asbestos for decades
504:
Exclusion of alternative plausible causes for the findings
1830:
1496:
Liu J.-Y., Brass D. M., Hoyle G. W., Brody A. R. (1998).
1180:
1145:"Asbestos-related disease statistics, Great Britain 2021"
483:
Lateral chest X-ray in asbestosis shows plaquing of the
1224:
Sporn, Thomas A, Roggli, Victor L, Oury, Tim D (2004).
2139:
1250:
3685:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1938:. ATSDR Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. U.S.
1689:
1995:
3871:Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)
3656:Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
3234:
859:
1950:. British Government Health and Safety Executive.
1874:
960:
4103:
3668:National Institute for Safety and Health at Work
1718:Berger, Stephen A., Castleman, Barry I. (2005).
586:Severe pleural fibrosis with focal calcification
562:Extensive fibrosis of pleura and lung parenchyma
475:Close-up asbestosis right lower zone ILO 2/2 S/S
3716:Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981
1286:
863:Clinical Handbook of Interstitial Lung Disease
672:On 21 December 1906 H. Montague Murray, M.D.,
3680:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
3630:European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
3220:
2125:
1969:. Queensland Health. May 2002. Archived from
1964:"Environmental Health Guidance Note—Asbestos"
1958:. National Cancer Institute, USA. 2017-06-15.
1760:
1362:
1327:
1654:
1596:Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
986:
984:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1038:
1036:
620:There is no cure available for asbestosis.
3324:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung")
3227:
3213:
2132:
2118:
30:
2732:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
1851:
1780:
1711:
1631:
1521:
1380:
1304:
1227:Pathology of asbestos-associated diseases
1068:
1016:
981:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
769:
455:of asbestosis showing the characteristic
1868:
1823:
1356:
1165:
1033:
928:
478:
470:
447:
319:
3850:Immediately dangerous to life or health
2756:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
1940:Department of Health and Human Services
1875:Selikoff IJ, Greenberg M (1991-02-20).
1783:American Journal of Industrial Medicine
1321:
1287:Kilburn KH, Warshaw RH (October 1994).
1217:
860:Thillai M, Moller DR, Meyer KC (2017).
4104:
4037:Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19
3309:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy
964:Oxford Handbook of Occupational Health
880:
656:
525:. The differential diagnosis includes
3208:
2113:
1817:
1748:Royal College of Physicians of London
1691:for Occupational Safety and Health".
1429:
1104:(2nd ed.). Copenhagen, Denmark:
822:
634:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
267:
106:~10-40 years after long-term exposure
4117:Lung diseases due to external agents
4084:
3727:Working Environment Convention, 1977
1090:
1088:
961:Smedley J, Dick F, Sadhra S (2013).
936:"Asbestosis symptoms and treatments"
899:
796:"Asbestosis symptoms and treatments"
3896:Workers' right to access the toilet
3189:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
1720:Asbestos: medical and legal aspects
461:interstitial fibrosis (or scarring)
13:
3967:International Chemical Safety Card
2778:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
2141:Diseases of the respiratory system
916:from the original on 29 March 2023
906:Merck Manuals Professional Edition
902:"Asbestosis - Pulmonary Disorders"
418:(ingest) the fibers and stimulate
14:
4143:
3977:National Day of Mourning (Canada)
3635:International Labour Organization
1928:
1085:
712:
4083:
4055:
4054:
603:
591:
579:
567:
555:
542:
1912:
1877:"A Landmark Case in Asbestosis"
1774:
1754:
1736:
1683:
1648:
1583:
1574:
1538:
1489:
1470:
1450:
1423:
1397:
1280:
1244:
1154:. December 2021. Archived from
1137:
661:
384:
345:
334:The cause of asbestosis is the
240:interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
3932:Environment, health and safety
3587:Occupational health psychology
3236:Occupational safety and health
3194:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
954:
853:
806:. 6 April 2017. Archived from
422:to deposit connective tissue.
358:Aeronautical and car mechanics
312:in the blood of the arteries.
1:
3803:Personal protective equipment
3556:Workplace health surveillance
2768:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
1657:Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med
1548:Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol
1514:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65698-2
1342:10.1016/s0003-4878(99)00067-8
1266:10.1164/ajrccm/145.2_pt_1.263
1183:Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med
1152:Health & Safety Executive
1061:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1
1009:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
967:. OUP Oxford. p. PT165.
762:
527:idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
427:inflammatory chemical signals
206:fibers. Symptoms may include
3845:Standard operating procedure
3778:Hierarchy of hazard controls
3531:Hierarchy of hazard controls
2751:Respiratory hypersensitivity
2689:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
1948:"Asbestos health and safety"
1669:10.1164/ajrccm.150.6.7952604
1363:Burdorf A, Swuste P (1999).
866:. CRC Press. p. PT635.
615:
531:hypersensitivity pneumonitis
443:
329:scanning electron microscope
218:. Complications may include
165:Up to 40% continue to worsen
7:
3982:NIOSH air filtration rating
3674:Health and Safety Executive
3582:Occupational health nursing
3546:Occupational exposure limit
3384:Hospital-acquired infection
3349:Exposure to human nail dust
2660:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
10:
4148:
4042:Workplace health promotion
3947:Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster
3721:Worker Protection Standard
3424:Noise-induced hearing loss
2513:Acute exacerbation of COPD
1722:. Gaithersburg MD: Aspen.
1195:10.1164/rccm.200310-1436ST
665:
238:. Asbestosis is a type of
4050:
3904:
3858:
3735:
3698:
3648:
3640:World Health Organization
3622:
3610:
3564:
3551:Occupational epidemiology
3536:Prevention through design
3487:
3394:Laboratory animal allergy
3319:Chimney sweeps' carcinoma
3294:Byssinosis ("brown lung")
3242:
3156:
3129:
3059:
3045:
2999:
2957:
2936:
2910:
2813:
2799:
2790:
2719:
2604:
2584:
2467:
2447:
2287:
2167:
2147:
2069:
1999:
1921:Retrieved April 30, 2016.
1616:10.1007/s12199-013-0333-y
724:, social justice advocate
492:American Thoracic Society
177:
169:
159:
141:
133:
120:
110:
102:
75:
55:
43:
38:
29:
24:
3957:Hostile work environment
3937:Environmental toxicology
3830:Redundancy (engineering)
3444:Repetitive strain injury
2576:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
2569:Bronchiolitis obliterans
2435:Laryngotracheal stenosis
2382:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2360:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2318:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2246:Nasal septum perforation
1744:"Hubert Montague Murray"
1560:10.1165/ajrcmb.25.1.4481
1306:10.1378/chest.106.4.1061
647:pulmonary function tests
315:
251:pneumococcal vaccination
4002:Quality of working life
3788:Administrative controls
2324:Retropharyngeal abscess
1824:Cooke WE (1924-07-26).
1795:10.1002/ajim.4700030311
636:. Immunization against
228:pulmonary heart disease
97:pulmonary heart disease
3597:Occupational therapist
3577:Industrial engineering
3369:Glassblower's cataract
3334:Decompression sickness
3017:Pulmonary hypertension
2746:Eosinophilic pneumonia
2398:Vocal cord dysfunction
2241:Nasal septum deviation
1898:10.1001/jama.265.7.898
1844:10.1136/bmj.2.3317.147
1761:Murray, H. M. (1907).
1693:Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med
1382:10.1093/annhyg/43.1.57
1098:Air Quality Guidelines
638:pneumococcal pneumonia
487:
476:
468:
331:
4127:Occupational diseases
4067:Occupational diseases
4032:Workers' compensation
3592:Occupational medicine
3454:Silo-filler's disease
3419:Mule spinners' cancer
3144:Mediastinal emphysema
2923:Healthcare-associated
2853:Legionnaires' disease
2279:Peritonsillar abscess
2251:Nasal septal hematoma
1789:(3). Wiley: 351–356.
482:
474:
451:
323:
247:influenza vaccination
126:History of exposure,
3793:Engineering controls
3768:Emergency evacuation
3572:Environmental health
3339:De Quervain syndrome
3329:Concussions in sport
2891:Mendelson's syndrome
2763:Hamman–Rich syndrome
1838:(3317): 140–2, 147.
1479:Am. Rev. Respir. Dis
1254:Am. Rev. Respir. Dis
1230:. Berlin: Springer.
1055:(10053): 1459–1544.
1003:(10053): 1545–1602.
900:Lara AR (May 2014).
668:Asbestos and the law
364:Construction workers
310:low amount of oxygen
148:, stopping smoking,
137:Eliminating exposure
3927:Effects of overtime
3810:Job safety analysis
3798:Hazard substitution
3763:Emergency procedure
3541:Exposure assessment
3526:Occupational stress
3519:Psychosocial hazard
3499:Occupational hazard
3364:Flock worker's lung
3164:Respiratory failure
3131:Mediastinal disease
2699:Bird fancier's lung
2274:Adenoid hypertrophy
1956:"Asbestos Exposure"
1942:. 9 September 2022.
1936:"Asbestos Toxicity"
1770:. pp. 127–128.
1663:(6 Pt 1): 1488–92.
1608:2013EHPM...18..198N
657:Society and culture
294:total lung capacity
279:respiratory failure
275:shortness of breath
208:shortness of breath
62:Shortness of breath
3962:Indoor air quality
3866:Diving regulations
3783:Hazard elimination
3602:Safety engineering
3069:Pleuritis/pleurisy
3022:Pulmonary embolism
2918:Community-acquired
2843:Atypical bacterial
2742:Löffler's syndrome
2523:Status asthmaticus
2508:Chronic bronchitis
2393:Vocal fold paresis
2207:Vasomotor rhinitis
2070:External resources
1260:(2 Pt 1): 263–70.
810:on 2 November 2023
694:British Parliament
511:ILO Classification
488:
477:
469:
457:ferruginous bodies
332:
306:diffusion capacity
268:Signs and symptoms
4099:
4098:
4012:Safety data sheet
3825:Operations manual
3706:Bangladesh Accord
3694:
3693:
3504:Biological hazard
3202:
3201:
3152:
3151:
3109:Empyema/pyothorax
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
2995:
2994:
2928:Hospital-acquired
2786:
2785:
2650:Caplan's syndrome
2443:
2442:
2388:Vocal fold nodule
2212:Atrophic rhinitis
2107:
2106:
1729:978-0-7355-5260-9
1430:Smith DD (2015).
1411:. October 9, 2013
1237:978-0-387-20090-3
1108:. pp. 1–14.
756:Theodore Sturgeon
490:According to the
185:
184:
122:Diagnostic method
19:Medical condition
4139:
4087:
4086:
4058:
4057:
3753:Contingency plan
3748:Code of practice
3620:
3619:
3414:Metal fume fever
3229:
3222:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3087:Pleural effusion
3080:Hemopneumothorax
3057:
3056:
2811:
2810:
2797:
2796:
2640:Bauxite fibrosis
2605:External agents/
2602:
2601:
2533:Exercise-induced
2489:Acute bronchitis
2465:
2464:
2165:
2164:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2111:
2110:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1881:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1635:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1508:(6): 1839–1847.
1493:
1487:
1486:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1308:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1178:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1149:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1118:. Archived from
1103:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1020:
988:
979:
978:
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
932:
926:
925:
923:
921:
897:
878:
877:
857:
851:
850:
848:
847:
841:
835:. Archived from
834:
826:
820:
819:
817:
815:
792:
702:as early as 1898
607:
595:
583:
571:
559:
546:
431:ferruginous body
361:Boiler operators
154:lung replacement
34:
22:
21:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4046:
4027:Toxic workplace
4007:Risk management
3900:
3854:
3835:Risk assessment
3731:
3690:
3644:
3615:
3606:
3560:
3514:Physical hazard
3509:Chemical hazard
3490:
3483:
3248:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3203:
3198:
3148:
3125:
3061:Pleural disease
3050:
3033:
2991:
2953:
2937:By distribution
2932:
2911:By vector/route
2906:
2804:
2792:
2782:
2737:Pulmonary edema
2715:
2610:
2606:
2593:
2589:
2580:
2545:Cystic fibrosis
2472:
2456:
2452:
2439:
2283:
2157:
2151:
2143:
2138:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2065:
2064:
2008:
1987:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1934:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1822:
1818:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1716:
1712:
1688:
1684:
1653:
1649:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1543:
1539:
1494:
1490:
1475:
1471:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1361:
1357:
1326:
1322:
1285:
1281:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1222:
1218:
1179:
1166:
1158:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1101:
1093:
1086:
1041:
1034:
989:
982:
975:
959:
955:
945:
943:
934:
933:
929:
919:
917:
898:
881:
874:
858:
854:
845:
843:
842:on May 24, 2011
839:
832:
828:
827:
823:
813:
811:
794:
793:
770:
765:
744:John MacDougall
715:
683:textile worker
670:
664:
659:
618:
611:
608:
599:
596:
587:
584:
575:
572:
563:
560:
551:
547:
516:parietal pleura
446:
406:and provoke an
387:
370:Railway workers
355:Asbestos miners
348:
338:of microscopic
318:
299:
270:
257:, and stopping
236:medical imaging
216:chest tightness
146:Supportive care
128:medical imaging
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4145:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4122:Lung disorders
4119:
4114:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4017:Source control
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3992:Process safety
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3952:Health physics
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3883:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3840:Safety culture
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3820:Permit To Work
3817:
3815:Lockout-tagout
3812:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3617:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3495:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3479:Writer's cramp
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3434:Pneumoconiosis
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3399:Lead poisoning
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3374:Golfer's elbow
3371:
3366:
3361:
3359:Fiddler's neck
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Chronic stress
3311:
3306:
3301:
3299:Cardiovascular
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3209:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3072:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3054:
3047:Pleural cavity
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2893:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2808:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2709:Lycoperdonosis
2706:
2701:
2696:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2620:Pneumoconiosis
2616:
2614:
2599:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2540:Bronchiectasis
2537:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2516:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2462:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2352:
2350:Laryngeal cyst
2347:
2345:Laryngomalacia
2342:
2337:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2086:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2051:
2040:
2025:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:Classification
1994:
1993:
1985:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1930:
1929:External links
1927:
1924:
1923:
1911:
1892:(7): 898–901.
1867:
1816:
1773:
1753:
1735:
1728:
1710:
1699:(11): 544–96.
1682:
1647:
1602:(3): 198–204.
1582:
1573:
1537:
1488:
1469:
1449:
1442:
1422:
1396:
1355:
1320:
1299:(4): 1061–70.
1279:
1243:
1236:
1216:
1189:(6): 691–715.
1164:
1161:on 2022-03-05.
1136:
1125:on 24 May 2011
1114:
1084:
1032:
980:
973:
953:
942:. 6 April 2017
927:
879:
872:
852:
821:
767:
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
753:
747:
741:
738:Nellie Kershaw
735:
732:Breakfast Club
725:
714:
713:Notable people
711:
685:Nellie Kershaw
666:Main article:
663:
660:
658:
655:
622:Oxygen therapy
617:
614:
613:
612:
609:
602:
600:
597:
590:
588:
585:
578:
576:
573:
566:
564:
561:
554:
552:
548:
541:
523:pneumoconiosis
506:
505:
502:
499:
445:
442:
438:carbon dioxide
395:alveolar ducts
386:
383:
375:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
347:
344:
325:White asbestos
317:
314:
297:
290:vital capacity
269:
266:
255:oxygen therapy
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
173:157,000 (2015)
171:
167:
166:
163:
157:
156:
150:oxygen therapy
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
124:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
79:
73:
72:
59:
53:
52:
47:
41:
40:
36:
35:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4144:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4092:
4091:
4082:
4078:
4077:Organizations
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3997:Public health
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3890:United States
3887:
3884:
3881:
3880:United States
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3758:Diving safety
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:International
3621:
3618:
3616:organizations
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3489:Occupational
3486:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3459:Sports injury
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:Low back pain
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:Farmer's lung
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3244:Occupational
3241:
3237:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:Other/general
3155:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Mediastinitis
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:noninfectious
2880:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2791:Obstructive /
2789:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Farmer's lung
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2564:Bronchiolitis
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1976:on 2012-02-27
1972:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1920:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1502:Am. J. Pathol
1499:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1445:
1443:9781498728409
1439:
1436:. CRC Press.
1435:
1434:
1426:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:Ann Occup Hyg
1366:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:(2): 109–17.
1335:
1331:
1330:Ann Occup Hyg
1324:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1121:
1117:
1115:9789289013581
1111:
1107:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
987:
985:
976:
974:9780191653308
970:
966:
965:
957:
941:
937:
931:
915:
911:
907:
903:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
875:
873:9781351650083
869:
865:
864:
856:
838:
831:
825:
809:
805:
801:
797:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
768:
757:
754:
751:
750:Steve McQueen
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
729:
726:
723:
722:Bernie Banton
720:
719:
718:
710:
706:
703:
697:
695:
691:
686:
682:
679:The death of
677:
675:
669:
654:
652:
648:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:physiotherapy
623:
606:
601:
594:
589:
582:
577:
570:
565:
558:
553:
550:mesothelioma.
545:
540:
539:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
512:
503:
500:
497:
496:
495:
493:
486:
481:
473:
466:
465:H&E stain
462:
458:
454:
450:
441:
439:
434:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
414:
409:
405:
404:immune system
400:
396:
392:
382:
379:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
352:
343:
341:
337:
330:
326:
322:
313:
311:
307:
303:
302:cor pulmonale
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
265:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:is long-term
189:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
80:
78:
77:Complications
74:
71:
67:
63:
60:
58:
54:
51:
48:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
4088:
4059:
3886:Right to sit
3876:Potty parity
3469:Tennis elbow
3464:Surfer's ear
3409:Mesothelioma
3379:Hearing loss
3263:
3076:Pneumothorax
3029:Lung abscess
3011:
2881:
2870:Pneumocystis
2831:Pneumococcal
2629:
2612:lung disease
2608:occupational
2586:Interstitial
2551:
2495:
2481:
2454:lung disease
2420:
2414:Epiglottitis
2404:
2372:
2366:Laryngospasm
2330:
2311:Strep throat
2296:
2259:
2235:nasal septum
2233:
2192:
2176:
2088:
2077:
2053:
2042:
2027:
2012:
1978:. Retrieved
1971:the original
1914:
1889:
1883:
1870:
1835:
1829:
1819:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1719:
1713:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1576:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1461:
1452:
1432:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1408:
1399:
1375:(1): 57–66.
1372:
1368:
1358:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1226:
1219:
1186:
1182:
1156:the original
1151:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1120:the original
1097:
1052:
1048:
1000:
996:
963:
956:
944:. Retrieved
939:
930:
918:. Retrieved
905:
862:
855:
844:. Retrieved
837:the original
824:
812:. Retrieved
808:the original
799:
746:, politician
731:
728:Paul Gleason
716:
707:
698:
678:
671:
662:Legal issues
651:chest x-rays
619:
520:
507:
489:
435:
424:
408:inflammatory
388:
385:Pathogenesis
380:
376:
367:Electricians
349:
346:Risk factors
333:
287:
271:
263:
244:
232:
224:mesothelioma
192:inflammation
187:
186:
181:3,600 (2015)
86:mesothelioma
3922:Drug policy
3859:Legislation
3565:Professions
3389:Indium lung
3284:Brucellosis
3279:Berylliosis
3174:Common cold
3121:Fibrothorax
3104:Chylothorax
3099:Hydrothorax
3052:mediastinum
3012:circulatory
3007:Atelectasis
2814:By pathogen
2806:pneumonitis
2793:Restrictive
2773:Sarcoidosis
2645:Berylliosis
2591:restrictive
2552:unspecified
2474:obstructive
2457:(including
2374:vocal cords
2306:Pharyngitis
2269:Tonsillitis
2224:Nasal polyp
2159:common cold
2152:(including
2079:MedlinePlus
1463:Mayo Clinic
1415:13 November
1129:20 December
946:19 December
920:19 December
814:19 December
700:place this
640:and annual
535:sarcoidosis
459:and marked
420:fibroblasts
416:phagocytose
413:Macrophages
391:bronchioles
283:stethoscope
220:lung cancer
103:Usual onset
82:Lung cancer
50:Pulmonology
4106:Categories
4022:Toxic tort
3972:Job strain
3942:Ergonomics
3917:Break room
3439:Radium jaw
3429:Phossy jaw
3304:Chalicosis
3274:Barotrauma
3264:Asbestosis
3094:Hemothorax
2896:Aspiration
2858:Chlamydiae
2848:Mycoplasma
2836:Klebsiella
2694:Bagassosis
2680:Byssinosis
2655:Chalicosis
2630:Asbestosis
2625:Aluminosis
2559:Bronchitis
2430:Tracheitis
2406:epiglottis
2355:Laryngitis
2229:Rhinorrhea
2055:DiseasesDB
1989:"Asbestos"
1980:2011-12-03
1554:(1): 3–7.
1485:: 128–133.
1405:"Asbestos"
940:NHS Inform
846:2009-12-20
800:NHS Inform
763:References
453:Micrograph
336:inhalation
188:Asbestosis
134:Prevention
70:chest pain
25:Asbestosis
4132:Pollution
3743:Checklist
3711:ISO 45001
3699:Standards
3449:Silicosis
3259:Acrodynia
3169:Influenza
3114:Malignant
2877:Parasitic
2826:Bacterial
2801:Pneumonia
2670:Silicosis
2665:Siderosis
2635:Baritosis
2469:Bronchial
2217:Hay fever
2186:Sinusitis
2090:eMedicine
1803:0271-3586
1624:1342-078X
642:influenza
630:Nebulized
616:Treatment
485:diaphragm
444:Diagnosis
292:(VC) and
281:. When a
210:, cough,
170:Frequency
161:Prognosis
142:Treatment
64:, cough,
45:Specialty
4112:Asbestos
4072:Journals
4061:Category
3987:Overwork
3905:See also
3658:(Canada)
3649:National
3612:Agencies
3474:Tinnitus
3344:Erethism
3251:injuries
3246:diseases
3184:COVID-19
2977:BOOP-COP
2944:Broncho-
2887:Chemical
2675:Talcosis
2596:fibrosis
2449:Lower RT
2202:Rhinitis
2149:Upper RT
2098:radio/52
1862:20771679
1831:Br Med J
1642:23463177
1568:11472967
1391:10028894
1350:10717262
1211:16084774
1203:15355871
1079:27733281
1027:27733282
914:Archived
758:, writer
674:F.R.C.P.
399:asbestos
340:asbestos
212:wheezing
204:asbestos
196:scarring
115:Asbestos
93:fibrosis
66:wheezing
57:Symptoms
4090:Commons
3670:(Spain)
3664:(Italy)
3491:hygiene
3289:Burnout
2496:chronic
2422:trachea
2298:pharynx
2178:sinuses
2095:med/171
2049:D001195
1906:1825122
1853:2304688
1811:6763474
1705:6897166
1677:7952604
1633:3650181
1604:Bibcode
1532:9846974
1523:1866331
1315:7924474
1274:1736729
1070:5388903
1018:5055577
752:, actor
690:inquest
681:English
529:(IPF),
259:smoking
202:due to
198:of the
90:pleural
3773:Hazard
3736:Safety
3269:Asthma
2865:Fungal
2519:Asthma
2332:larynx
2261:tonsil
2084:000118
1904:
1860:
1850:
1809:
1801:
1726:
1703:
1675:
1640:
1630:
1622:
1566:
1530:
1520:
1440:
1389:
1348:
1313:
1272:
1234:
1209:
1201:
1112:
1077:
1067:
1049:Lancet
1025:
1015:
997:Lancet
971:
870:
308:and a
226:, and
214:, and
178:Deaths
111:Causes
3912:Break
3000:Other
2949:Lobar
2900:Lipid
2821:Viral
2720:Other
2482:acute
2459:LRTIs
2384:(LPR)
2362:(LPR)
2340:Croup
2320:(LPR)
2154:URTIs
1974:(PDF)
1967:(PDF)
1880:(PDF)
1768:(PDF)
1293:Chest
1207:S2CID
1159:(PDF)
1148:(PDF)
1123:(PDF)
1102:(PDF)
910:Merck
840:(PDF)
833:(PDF)
734:actor
316:Cause
200:lungs
3723:(US)
3687:(US)
3676:(UK)
3614:and
3249:and
3179:SARS
2982:NSIP
2727:ARDS
2528:AERD
2503:COPD
2289:Neck
2194:nose
2169:Head
2044:MeSH
2033:9-CM
1902:PMID
1885:JAMA
1858:PMID
1807:PMID
1799:ISSN
1724:ISBN
1701:PMID
1673:PMID
1638:PMID
1620:ISSN
1564:PMID
1528:PMID
1438:ISBN
1417:2015
1387:PMID
1346:PMID
1311:PMID
1270:PMID
1232:ISBN
1199:PMID
1131:2009
1110:ISBN
1075:PMID
1023:PMID
969:ISBN
948:2017
922:2017
868:ISBN
816:2017
393:and
194:and
2972:DIP
2967:UIP
2959:IIP
2060:928
2038:501
2029:ICD
2023:J61
2014:ICD
1894:doi
1890:265
1848:PMC
1840:doi
1791:doi
1697:106
1665:doi
1661:150
1628:PMC
1612:doi
1556:doi
1518:PMC
1510:doi
1506:153
1483:134
1409:CDC
1377:doi
1338:doi
1301:doi
1297:106
1262:doi
1258:145
1191:doi
1187:170
1106:WHO
1065:PMC
1057:doi
1053:388
1013:PMC
1005:doi
1001:388
804:NHS
4108::
2987:RB
2093::
2082::
2058::
2047::
2036::
2021::
2018:10
1900:.
1888:.
1882:.
1856:.
1846:.
1834:.
1828:.
1805:.
1797:.
1785:.
1746:.
1695:.
1671:.
1659:.
1636:.
1626:.
1618:.
1610:.
1600:18
1598:.
1594:.
1562:.
1552:25
1550:.
1526:.
1516:.
1504:.
1500:.
1481:.
1460:.
1407:.
1385:.
1373:43
1371:.
1367:.
1344:.
1334:44
1332:.
1309:.
1295:.
1291:.
1268:.
1256:.
1205:.
1197:.
1185:.
1167:^
1150:.
1087:^
1073:.
1063:.
1051:.
1047:.
1035:^
1021:.
1011:.
999:.
995:.
983:^
938:.
912:.
908:.
904:.
882:^
802:.
798:.
771:^
730:,
649:,
533:,
463:.
253:,
249:,
242:.
230:.
222:,
152:,
95:,
88:,
84:,
68:,
3892:)
3888:(
3882:)
3878:(
3228:e
3221:t
3214:v
3078:/
3049:/
2898:/
2889:/
2803:/
2744:/
2598:)
2594:(
2588:/
2521:(
2515:)
2471:/
2461:)
2451:/
2161:)
2156:,
2133:e
2126:t
2119:v
2031:-
2016:-
2006:D
1983:.
1908:.
1896::
1864:.
1842::
1836:2
1813:.
1793::
1787:3
1750:.
1732:.
1707:.
1679:.
1667::
1644:.
1614::
1606::
1570:.
1558::
1534:.
1512::
1466:.
1446:.
1419:.
1393:.
1379::
1352:.
1340::
1317:.
1303::
1276:.
1264::
1240:.
1213:.
1193::
1133:.
1081:.
1059::
1029:.
1007::
977:.
950:.
924:.
876:.
849:.
818:.
467:.
298:1
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)