1300:"La relación entre el tiempo largo y el tiempo corto. Un intento por revalorar a un pariente pobre de las Ciencias Sociales: la coyuntura**La palabra coyuntura proviene del latín conjuntus, que significa unido. De ahí que la palabra se emplee también para designar las articulaciones entre un hueso y otro. En la Edad Media se utilizó para designar el tiempo en que podría alcanzarse la salvación eterna. El martes de Pentecostés, por ejemplo, será propicio para el ayuno y la abstinencia sexual. Para Napoleón I, la coyuntura era el inicio del alba, puesto que a esa hora los enemigos estaban semidormidos. Para la Real Academia de la Lengua, en su Diccionario de 2006, la coyuntura es una combinación de factores y circunstancias que crean un escenario especial en una sociedad"
1047:
However, a study conducted in 1991 on the specific
Asturian dialect, showed that there could be as many as 450,000 speakers within the Asturias region, with about 60,000 to 80,000 able to read and write the language. The same study indicated that another 24 percent of the population could understand Asturian. This also explains the diverse range of knowledge and familiarity that those within the region have of the Asturleonese language, as there exist some speakers, some who can only understand the language, and a very small portion of the population who are able to read and write.
932:
803:
616:, a conflict in which the former inhabitants of Leon and Asturias fought against the incorporation of the Roman culture. These two linguistic influences, together with the expansion and the subsequent regression of vernacular languages, would determine the linguistic evolution in the northwestern part of the peninsula. The vocabulary of Asturleonese contains pre-romanic elements that survived the later romanization of the area, as well as including pre-Indoeuropean elements that were only maintained through toponymy.
280:
883:
292:
703:
972:
830:
545:
762:
783:, as the language is officially named, was recognized as a language in need of special protection by the local government. In 1994 there were 100,000 first language speakers and 450,000 second language speakers able to speak or understand Asturian. However, the outlook for Asturian remains critical, with a large decline in the number of speakers in the last 100 years. At the end of the 20th century, the
609:, who inhabited the area, was a slow but inevitable process, as the use of the colonial language was the key to obtaining equal rights; the most important priority, at the time, being to earn Roman citizenship. However, like the rest of the peninsula, it was not until the establishment of the Germanic kingdoms of Iberia that Latin came to be the commonly spoken language of the area.
719:
three separate sections that are shared between
Asturias and Leon: occidental, central, and oriental. Only through a second level of analysis were smaller sections able to be distinguished. The political and administrative entities and linguistic spaces rarely coincide, as it is most common that languages go beyond borders and do not coincide with them.
886:
885:
890:
889:
884:
891:
765:
718:
The boundaries of the
Asturleonese language extend through Asturias, Leon, Zamora, and Miranda do Douro. However, the language is not just the sum of Asturian, Leonese, Zamorano, and Mirandan dialects; in purely linguistic terms, the main divisions of Asturleonese have north-south boundaries and form
678:
states that, "The
Asturian language will enjoy protection. Its use, teaching and diffusion in the media will be furthered, whilst its local dialects and voluntary apprenticeship will always be respected." In light of these stated provisions of the 1/1998, on the 23 March, the Use and Promotion of the
640:
This being said, diglossia exists today within the region of
Asturias. While Spanish is the official language, being used in the government and political spheres, the Asturian language survives as the language mainly used in informal and casual conversation in many rural areas within this community.
764:
673:
recognizes the existence of vehicular languages and the need for the protection of existing dialects within the national territories. In article 3.3 of the constitution, the document concretely states that "the richness of the distinct linguistic modalities of Spain is a cultural heritage that will
628:
relationship. During this time, Asturleonese was used in official documents and held a high legal status, a status that would drastically change within the following centuries. In the period of time between the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries, many linguistic dialects were marginalized within the
1046:
There is no known, exact number of
Asturleonese speakers, as not enough statistical research has been conducted in this area and many dialects are not accounted for due to their close similarities with Spanish. It is believed that there are over 100,000 Asturian speakers within Spain and Portugal.
769:
768:
763:
710:
Linguistically, it is considered that within the dominion of
Asturleonese, the known dialects such as Leonese, Asturian, or Mirandese form a macrolanguage. A macrolanguage is a language that exists as distinct linguistic varieties. Within this macrolanguage, the Western and Eastern dialects share
1030:
In the 19th century, José Leite de
Vasconcelos described Mirandese as "the language of the farms, work, home, and love between the Mirandese," noting that it was a fully separate language from Portuguese. Since 1986/87 the language has been taught to students between the ages of 10 and 11, and
770:
888:
946:
In spite of all these difficulties, the number of young people learning and using
Leonese (mainly as a written language) has increased substantially in recent years. The Leonese City Council promotes Leonese language courses for adults. Leonese is taught in sixteen schools in Leon.
771:
477:(northern Spanish for Cantabrian, southern Spanish for Extremaduran). There are differing degrees of vitality of the language for each region in the area: Asturias and Miranda do Douro have historically been the regions in which Asturleonese has been the best preserved.
767:
632:
During the nineteenth century, the
Asturian territories were included as part of the Spanish circle. During this time, Spanish thrived as a language of prestige and culture, which led to its progressively replacing Asturleonese in these areas, as well as with
1679:
Almeida Cabrejas, Belén (1970-01-01). "Jesús Antonio Cid, "María Goyri. Mujer y Pedagogía - Filología". Madrid, Fundación Ramón Menéndez Pidal, 2016. Elena Gallego (ed.), "Crear escuela: Jimena Menéndez-Pidal". Madrid, Fundación Ramón Menéndez Pidal, 2016".
679:
Asturleonese Language serves this purpose; promoting the use of the language, its knowledge within the educational system, as well as its dissemination in media. However, Asturleonese continues to have a very limited presence in the public administration.
665:
were all granted official status in their respective regions in 1978. Therefore, there exists some tension, as Asturleonese is still not regarded as an official language today. However, the language is optional at school, where it is widely studied.
629:
Iberian Peninsula as well as other parts of Europe. Because of this, many linguistic dialects and minorities were marginalized, making it difficult for some languages, such as Asturleonese, to survive, and resulted in the fragmentation of others.
943:. There are some efforts at language revival aimed at the urban population (the Leonese Council has made campaign to encourage young people to learn Leonese). Some experts think Leonese will be dead in two generations.
911:
became the main language in Spain, the linguistic features of the Leonese language retreated progressively westwards. In the late 1990s several associations unofficially promoted Leonese language courses. In 2001 the
887:
916:(University of León) created a course for Leonese teachers, and local and provincial governments developed Leonese language courses for adults. Nowadays Leonese can be studied in the largest towns of
766:
637:
in neighboring Galicia, leaving it to mainly oral usage. Consequently, there existed, and still exists, a distinct divide between the spoken languages of Spanish and Asturian and the written ones.
1413:
1414:"Reflexiones sobre la inexistencia de la base teórica de la creación y evaluación de las hojas de trabajo para la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras con un enfoque en la lengua española"
653:
by virtue of Portuguese law 7/99 on 29 January 1999, although merely as a language that should continue to be protected and preserved, not awarding it any official status. Meanwhile,
1629:"Evolución histórica de la ley de uso y promoción del bable/asturiano en la enseñanza secundaria: orígenes, debates jurídicos, educación y perspectivas de futuro"
1530:"Conjunto de datos oceanográficos y de meteorología marina obtenidos en el Crucero Oceanográfico Pacífico XLIV. Colombia. Enero - febrero de 2007" (in Spanish).
690:
for local matters, and it is taught in public schools in the few areas where Mirandese is natively spoken. Initially thought to be a basilect of Portuguese,
445:. The Asturleonese group is typically subdivided into three linguistic areas (Western, Central and Eastern) that form the vertical Asturleonese region, from
1632:[Historical evolution of the Asturian's use and promotion law in the secondary education: origins, legal debates, Education and future prospects].
1930:
Sprachplannung des Asturianischen. Die Normierung und Normalisierung einer romanischen Kleinsprache in Spannungsfeld von Linguistik, Literatur und Politic
675:
507:. As is noted by the Spanish scholar Inés Fernández Ordóñez, Menéndez Pidal always maintained that the Spanish language (or the common Spanish language,
1034:
Portugal took a further step in protecting Mirandese when the Portuguese Republic officially recognised the language in 1999. It is administered by the
1031:
Mirandese is now recovering. Today Mirandese has fewer than 5,000 speakers (but the figure goes up to 15,000 if one includes second language speakers).
739:(even though it is virtually the same language), a significant part of the authors and specialists prefer to refer to all the dialects collectively as
2081:
939:
Leonese's desperate reality as a minority language has driven it to an apparent dead end, and it is considered a Seriously Endangered Language by
4065:
1771:. «El lingüista Fernando Álvarez-Balbuena explica qué es la lengua asturleonesa (4/4)» (en asturleonés). Consultado el 19 de noviembre de 2009.
1759:. «El lingüista Fernando Álvarez-Balbuena explica qué es la lengua asturleonesa (3/4)» (en asturleonés). Consultado el 19 de noviembre de 2009.
1747:. «El lingüista Fernando Álvarez-Balbuena explica qué es la lengua asturleonesa (2/4)» (en asturleonés). Consultado el 19 de noviembe de 2009.
1735:. «El lingüista Fernando Álvarez-Balbuena explica qué es la lengua asturleonesa (1/4)» (en asturleonés). Consultado el 19 de noviembre de 2009
2050:
426:
is sometimes included as well. Asturleonese has been classified by UNESCO as an endangered language, as the varieties are being increasingly
1250:
2133:
1468:
Boyer, Henri (2021-03-01). "Hoja de servicios y futuro de la sociolingüística catalana: una exploración epistemológica (y glotopolítica)".
612:
Along with many linguistic similarities to Latin, the Asturian language also has distinct characteristics that can be linked back to the
2176:
304:
1268:
799:. A new generation of Asturian writers has championed the language. These developments have given Asturian greater hope of survival.
2075:
17:
2035:
1284:
Fernández Ordóñez, "Menéndez Pidal and the beginnings of Ibero-Romance dialectology: a critical survey one century later". In:
989:
847:
562:
1222:"ASTURLEONÉS MEDIEVAL; UNA APROXIMACIÓN SINCRÓNICA Y DIACRÓNICA A SUS RASGOS FONÉTICOS DIFERENCIALES Y SU DOMINIO LINGÜÍSTICO"
2627:
2127:
1903:
2559:
2093:
2362:
2357:
1035:
2301:
2189:
1497:
University of Zurich; Bleortu, Cristina; Prelipcean, Alina-Viorela; Stefan cel Mare, University of Suceava (2018-12-21).
683:
2462:
2352:
2577:
2120:"II Estudiu Sociollingüísticu De Lleón: Identidá, conciencia d'usu y actitúes llingüístiques de la población lleonesa"
523:('Spanish in its early times'), Menéndez Pidal explains the stages of this process, taking into account the influence
3416:
2019:
2003:
1977:
1961:
1941:
1856:
1199:
1075:
1011:
869:
787:
undertook initiatives designed to provide the language with most of the tools needed to survive in the modern era: a
584:
1666:
de las Asturias, Nicolás Álvarez, "FUNDAMENTOS Y CONSECUENCIAS ECLESIOLÓGICAS DE LA PRIMERA CODIFICACIÓN CANÓNICA",
4093:
3476:
784:
2764:
2369:
2169:
641:
Additionally, the language is often offered as an elective subject in schools throughout the linguistic region.
398:
of mutually intelligible varieties and therefore it is primarily referred to by various regional glossonyms like
3564:
3465:
1182:
Amor Ruibal Filólogo. Actas do Simposio Internacional sobre a Obra Filolóxico -Lingüística de Angel Amor Ruibal
993:
851:
566:
3435:
3372:
3050:
1102:"Prosody: A feature of languages or a feature of speakers?: Asturian and Castilian in the center of Asturias"
597:
The Asturleonese language originated from Latin, which began to be transmitted through the Roman legions in
2095:- González i Planas, Francesc. Institutum Studiorum Romanicorum «Romania Minor». The Asturleonese Dialects.
1496:
3499:
2902:
691:
3940:
3378:
2347:
2276:
1147:
Alenza García, José Francisco (2010-12-29). "1.16. Legislació ambiental Navarra (Segon semestre 2010)".
3661:
3233:
2668:
2226:
2162:
2103:
1498:
903:
Leonese was probably spoken in a much larger area in the Middle Ages, roughly corresponding to the old
1457:
3248:
3160:
2769:
2610:
2325:
2254:
2236:
2219:
2214:
2204:
1101:
496:
111:
91:
1708:"Métrica y pronunciación en el Libro de Buen Amor: Prototipo del isosilabismo castellano medieval".
1556:
3953:
3857:
2730:
2678:
2457:
2405:
2069:
1609:
624:
For a long time, during the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries, Latin and Asturian co-existed within a
394:
in Portugal. The name of the language is largely uncommon among its native speakers, as it forms a
2098:
2047:
3321:
2912:
2866:
2747:
2720:
2659:
2596:
2542:
2249:
2209:
2113:
1956:, Bd. 6.I: Aragonesisch/Navarresisch, Spanisch, Asturianisch/Leonesisch. Tübingen, Max Niemeyer,
1368:
1247:
982:
840:
555:
116:
106:
81:
2917:
743:, although others continue to use the regional terms (like Leonese, Asturian, Mirandese, etc.).
4039:
3255:
2673:
2619:
2271:
434:
367:
121:
203:
4071:
4016:
3822:
3817:
3470:
3448:
3339:
3090:
2752:
2515:
2087:
1628:
1543:
670:
469:
423:
171:
3735:
2703:
1710:
Analecta Malacitana, Revista de la sección de Filología de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
4021:
3795:
3411:
3384:
3310:
3170:
2969:
2897:
2849:
2843:
2806:
2789:
1535:
1265:
925:
779:
Much effort has been made since 1974 to protect and promote Asturian. In 1981 Asturian, or
512:
3805:
3218:
2286:
931:
727:
Given the low social and political acceptance of referring to the language in Asturias as
8:
3506:
3398:
3366:
3360:
2981:
2941:
2907:
2735:
2499:
1831:
712:
687:
335:
3769:
3202:
2877:
2811:
1454:
Rapport about the Institutional Obstacles to the Normalization of the Asturias Language.
951:
802:
450:
375:
53:
4011:
3740:
3596:
3554:
3520:
3514:
3404:
3347:
3304:
3287:
3025:
3018:
2854:
2642:
2583:
2439:
2427:
2306:
2244:
1587:
1394:
1130:
1025:
908:
528:
462:
418:
406:
343:
177:
166:
3789:
2281:
1717:
1316:
917:
904:
504:
442:
265:
253:
242:
231:
3968:
3947:
3867:
3827:
3686:
3614:
3608:
3532:
3424:
3334:
3275:
3187:
3145:
2946:
2892:
2698:
2683:
2654:
2637:
2547:
2510:
2479:
2467:
2386:
2374:
2291:
2266:
2260:
2185:
2154:
2123:
2015:
1999:
1973:
1957:
1937:
1899:
1862:
1852:
1720:
1696:
1649:
1591:
1484:
1435:
1398:
1386:
1354:
1321:
1195:
1163:
1134:
1122:
1081:
1071:
921:
756:
662:
634:
492:
411:
395:
387:
363:
319:
156:
101:
3810:
2779:
2757:
1972:(in Spanish). Oviedo: Consejería de Educación y Cultura del Principado de Asturias.
515:
base which would have absorbed, or merged with, Leonese and Aragonese. In his works
3921:
3911:
3896:
3884:
3800:
3749:
3713:
3691:
3678:
3672:
3601:
3590:
3494:
3459:
3443:
3292:
3280:
3213:
3177:
3165:
3133:
3058:
3030:
3003:
2833:
2828:
2816:
2796:
2784:
2725:
2632:
2589:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2484:
2415:
2399:
2296:
1970:
Los Asturianos y la lengua Asturiana: Estudio Sociolingüístico para Asturias - 1991
1891:
1713:
1689:
1641:
1579:
1531:
1510:
1477:
1425:
1381:
1376:
1347:
1311:
1299:
1185:
1156:
1114:
819:
654:
650:
602:
474:
391:
351:
327:
86:
59:
3696:
3646:
2036:
Héctor García Gil. Asturian-leonese: Linguistic, Sociolinguistic and Legal Aspects
674:
be the subject of special respect and protection." Additionally, article 4 of the
4005:
3991:
3872:
3774:
3764:
3708:
3559:
3547:
3487:
3482:
3297:
3226:
3208:
3182:
3155:
3085:
3042:
2954:
2935:
2887:
2774:
2740:
2693:
2688:
2410:
2342:
2314:
2054:
1815:
1645:
1481:
1272:
1254:
658:
613:
524:
399:
161:
76:
3008:
1790:
1221:
279:
4056:
3963:
3958:
3879:
3759:
3721:
3453:
3013:
2959:
2929:
2821:
2505:
2433:
2379:
598:
500:
427:
3102:
1882:
4087:
3998:
3901:
3889:
3621:
3329:
2986:
2924:
2420:
2141:
1895:
1866:
1653:
1571:
1439:
1390:
1325:
1126:
732:
1583:
1576:
Una acción educativa pensada. Reflexiones desde la filosofía de la educación
1085:
694:
studied Mirandese and concluded it was a separate language from Portuguese.
3780:
3640:
3080:
3035:
1177:
438:
1190:
1118:
3842:
3835:
3572:
3138:
2149:"Étude sur l'ancien dialecte léonais d'après les chartes du XIIIe siècle"
1883:"Corrección toponímica en el Principado de Asturias/Principáu d'Asturies"
1351:
1065:
796:
458:
383:
69:
3107:
1430:
1338:
Campbell, Kenny; Smith, Rod (2013-10-01). "Permanent Well Abandonment".
503:
independently, coming into its earliest distinguishable form in the old
3150:
3120:
3112:
3068:
3063:
2713:
2472:
2065:
1693:
1515:
996: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
854: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
792:
649:
Asturleonese only recently received recognition in the municipality of
569: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2066:
Oficina de Política Llingüística del Gobiernu del Principáu d'Asturies
2041:
3916:
3754:
3096:
2391:
1668:
Ley, matrimonio y procesos matrimoniales en los Códigos de la Iglesia
625:
379:
224:
212:
196:
192:
65:
3542:
2078:– Royal Institute of Asturian Studies (RIDEA or IDEA), founded 1945.
971:
829:
702:
544:
291:
3701:
3537:
3353:
2801:
2649:
1458:
http://ssl.webs.uvigo.es/actas2002/04/06.%20Ramon%20de%20Andres.pdf
488:
454:
446:
371:
359:
49:
3906:
1160:
3525:
3390:
3128:
2552:
2537:
2144:
Yearbook 2008. Págs 109-122. Peter Lang. Frankfurt am Main. 2008.
1768:
1756:
1744:
1732:
788:
606:
682:
In Portugal, the related Mirandese dialect is recognized by the
3727:
3073:
2996:
2976:
2708:
940:
301:
2991:
2964:
1932:. Berlin, Köster (There's also a Spanish translation: (1998)
896:
355:
96:
2068:– Bureau of Asturian Linguistic Politics (Government of the
1248:
UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
1994:
2-3:128-172, 4-5:294-311 (There's a modern reprint: (2006)
1456:
Actas / Proceedings II Simposio Internacional Bilingüismo.
1452:
de Andrés Díaz, Ramón & Viejo Fernández, Xulio. (n.d.)
299:
Asturleonese is classified as Definitely Endangered by the
2108:
2059:
950:
Leonese has special status in the Statute of Autonomy of
2012:
Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger of Disappearing
437:
of the Romance languages that gradually developed from
2184:
2118:
González Riaño, Xosé Antón; García Arias, Xosé Lluis:
1572:"ADAGIO EDUCATIVO, LA ÉTICA Y EL DON EN LA EDUCACIÓN."
1286:
Ramón Menéndez Pidal after Forty Years: A Reassessment
2044:– Academy of the Asturian Language – Official website
1817:
Statute of Autonomy of Castile and León, article 5(2)
2876:
1503:
Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala
731:, and in other parts of the domain (such as León or
1178:"O lugar da filoloxía no pensamento de Amor Ruibal"
519:('History of the Spanish language') and especially
1881:
1627:
1100:
1851:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1499:"The Castilian and Asturian languages in schools"
1288:/ ed. Juan Carlos Conde, 2010, pp. 113–145, 11–41
1070:(Ed. commemorativa ed.). : El Búho viajero.
706:How to say ‘Fire’ in the Asturleonese language(s)
4085:
2062:– Committee for the Defense of Asturian Language
1990:Menéndez Pidal, R (1906): "El dialecto Leonés",
1846:
1175:
1890:, Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, pp. 61–80,
1297:
1063:
433:Phylogenetically, Asturleonese belongs to the
2170:
27:Romance language spoken in Spain and Portugal
1879:
1670:, Dykinson, pp. 29–44, retrieved 2021-10-27.
1569:
1098:
511:, as he sometimes called it) evolved from a
487:) was once regarded as an informal dialect (
4066:languages with more than 5 million speakers
473:in the South have transitional traits with
3649:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)
2177:
2163:
2122:. Academia de la Llingua Asturiana, 2008.
2060:Xunta pola Defensa de la Llingua Asturiana
1967:
1792:Statute of Autonomy of Asturias, article 4
697:
354:or language family spoken in northwestern
1992:Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos
1849:International encyclopedia of linguistics
1514:
1429:
1380:
1315:
1189:
1012:Learn how and when to remove this message
870:Learn how and when to remove this message
585:Learn how and when to remove this message
531:had on the beginnings of modern Spanish.
930:
881:
801:
760:
701:
305:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
1934:Planificación lingüística del asturiano
1367:Arias, Xosé Lluis García (2020-10-20).
1219:
957:
746:
38:Asturlleonés, Asturllionés, Sturlhionés
14:
4086:
1625:
1536:10.26640/dataset_crucero.erfen.2007.01
722:
2158:
2076:Real Instituto de Estudios Asturianos
1626:Benito, Manuel Germán García (2017).
1411:
1366:
1041:
711:some linguistic characteristics with
686:as a co-official language along with
284:Asturleonese area in the 19th century
2009:
1954:Lexikon der Romanitischen Linguistik
1614:Lexikon der romanitischen Linguistik
994:adding citations to reliable sources
965:
852:adding citations to reliable sources
823:
809:
567:adding citations to reliable sources
538:
1570:Sánchez, León; Mario (2020-12-28),
1099:Muñiz-Cachón, Carmen (2019-12-31).
24:
4070:Languages between parentheses are
1820:(in Spanish), pp. 49486–49505
1298:Rodríguez Díaz, Erwin (May 2013).
1149:Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental
521:El español en sus primeros tiempos
25:
4105:
3950:(unknown further classification)
2099:La Caleya - Cultural Association.
2090:at the Folclore Português website
2082:Asturian–English dictionary
2029:
1880:García Arias, Xosé Lluis (2013),
1718:10.24310/analecta.2015.v38i1.4342
1036:Anstituto de la Lhéngua Mirandesa
2042:Academia de la Llingua Asturiana
1176:Torres Queiruga, Andrés (2009),
970:
828:
785:Academia de la Llingua Asturiana
543:
290:
278:
2104:Furmientu Cultural Association.
1873:
1840:
1824:
1808:
1799:
1783:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1702:
1673:
1660:
1619:
1603:
1563:
1523:
1490:
1462:
1446:
1405:
1360:
1332:
1291:
1220:Hernanz, Alfonso (2021-05-01).
981:needs additional citations for
895:A Leonese speaker, recorded in
839:needs additional citations for
644:
605:. The adoption of Latin by the
554:needs additional citations for
4074:of the language on their left.
3944:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
2114:El Teixu Cultural Association.
2010:Wurm, Stephen A., ed. (2001).
1795:(in Spanish), pp. 524–530
1682:Didáctica. Lengua y Literatura
1578:, Dykinson, pp. 488–494,
1382:10.17811/llaa.123.2020.167-174
1375:(in Asturian) (123): 167–174.
1278:
1259:
1241:
1232:
1213:
1184:, Consello da Cultura Galega,
1169:
1141:
1092:
1064:Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (2006).
1057:
603:Roman Sixth (Hispanian) Legion
517:Historia de la Lengua Española
13:
1:
2109:Faceira Cultural Association.
1317:10.1016/s0185-1616(13)72653-2
1050:
248:(Asturian-Leonese-Cantabrian)
1646:10.17811/msg.29.2.2017.29-36
1482:10.17811/arc.70.2.2020.59-81
676:Asturian Statute of Autonomy
619:
7:
3941:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
2048:Asturian grammar in English
1412:Kupka, Tomáš (2013-12-01).
1266:Ethnologue report for Spain
1238:Menéndez Pidal 1906:128–141
935:Usage of Asturleonese today
741:Asturllionés or Asturleonés
483:(used interchangeably with
430:by Spanish and Portuguese.
10:
4110:
3643:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
2669:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
2463:Central−Southern Calabrian
1888:Lengua, espacio y sociedad
1369:"Dos poemes poco conocíos"
1023:
817:
754:
715:and Spanish respectively.
534:
4048:
4032:
3983:
3932:
3856:
3660:
3633:
3582:
3434:
3320:
3266:
3247:
3198:
2865:
2618:
2609:
2570:
2450:
2335:
2324:
2235:
2197:
2088:José Leite de Vasconcelos
692:José Leite de Vasconcelos
499:showed it developed from
289:
277:
223:
211:
191:
186:
150:
77:Linguistic classification
75:
42:
37:
32:
2951:North American dialects
2458:Extreme Southern Italian
2070:Principality of Asturias
1998:. León, El Buho Viajero
1896:10.1515/9783110314953.61
1847:William Frawley (2003).
684:Assembly of the Republic
509:la lengua común española
4094:Astur-Leonese languages
2370:Central−Northern Latian
2138:"El Llïonés y las TICs"
1968:Llera Ramo, F. (1994).
1584:10.2307/j.ctv1dp0w3h.55
698:Geographic distribution
366:and Spain's modern-day
347:
323:
58:Northeastern Portugal (
18:Astur-Leonese languages
2674:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1551:Cite journal requires
1271:30 August 2006 at the
1253:28 August 2010 at the
1226:Doctoral Dissertations
936:
900:
806:
776:
707:
491:) that developed from
368:autonomous communities
339:
331:
3161:Poitevin–Saintongeais
2147:Staaff, Erik. :
1928:Bauske, Bernd (1995)
1191:10.17075/arf.2009.001
1119:10.1075/sic.00047.mun
934:
894:
805:
774:
705:
64:Some authors include
2970:St. Marys Bay French
2494:Neapolitan–Calabrese
1418:Romanica Olomucensia
1352:10.2118/0313-025-twa
990:improve this article
848:improve this article
775:An Asturian speaker.
671:Spanish Constitution
563:improve this article
497:Ramón Menéndez Pidal
3322:Galician–Portuguese
2348:Central Marchigiano
1431:10.5507/ro.2013.015
914:Universidad de León
723:Usage of glossonyms
464:Cantabrian Montañes
435:West Iberian branch
3736:Catalan Ribagorçan
3583:Pyrenean–Mozarabic
2855:Judaeo-Piedmontese
2765:Bustocco–Legnanese
2560:Northern Calabrian
2053:2017-10-11 at the
1996:El dialecto Leonés
1694:10.5209/dida.57143
1373:Lletres Asturianes
1304:Estudios Políticos
1107:Spanish in Context
1067:El dialecto leonés
1042:Number of speakers
1026:Mirandese language
937:
909:Castilian language
901:
807:
777:
708:
453:, to the north of
364:historical regions
4081:
4080:
4057:extinct languages
3979:
3978:
3656:
3655:
3615:Navarro-Aragonese
3500:Peruvian Ribereño
3425:Judaeo-Portuguese
3340:Galician–Asturian
3243:
3242:
3234:Old Gallo-Romance
3188:Wisconsin Walloon
2605:
2604:
2578:Dalmatian Romance
2186:Romance languages
2128:978-84-8168-448-3
1905:978-3-11-031456-4
1610:Euromosaic report
1022:
1021:
1014:
892:
880:
879:
872:
772:
757:Asturian language
713:Galaicoportuguese
595:
594:
587:
493:Castilian Spanish
396:dialect continuum
392:Tierra de Miranda
358:and northeastern
313:
312:
60:Tierra de Miranda
16:(Redirected from
4101:
3602:Judaeo-Aragonese
3591:Andalusi Romance
3444:Amazonic Spanish
3281:Western Asturian
3264:
3263:
3203:Franco-Provençal
2874:
2873:
2770:Comasco–Lecchese
2628:Emilian–Romagnol
2616:
2615:
2416:Regional Italian
2406:Italo-Australian
2333:
2332:
2255:Megleno-Romanian
2179:
2172:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2151:, Uppsala. 1907.
2025:
1989:
1983:
1952:
1949:
1927:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1885:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1706:
1700:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1631:
1623:
1617:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1539:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:10.18662/rrem/85
1494:
1488:
1466:
1460:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1433:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1384:
1364:
1358:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1295:
1289:
1282:
1276:
1263:
1257:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1193:
1173:
1167:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1061:
1017:
1010:
1006:
1003:
997:
974:
966:
952:Castile and León
893:
875:
868:
864:
861:
855:
832:
824:
820:Leonese language
773:
651:Miranda do Douro
599:Asturica Augusta
590:
583:
579:
576:
570:
547:
539:
467:in the East and
376:Castile and León
362:, namely in the
352:Romance language
318:(Astur-Leonese;
307:
294:
282:
273:
269:
268:
261:
257:
256:
249:
245:
239:
238:(Asturo-Leonese)
235:
234:
219:
207:
206:
54:Castile and León
30:
29:
21:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4044:
4028:
4006:Pannonian Latin
3992:African Romance
3975:
3928:
3859:
3852:
3790:Judeo-Provençal
3663:
3652:
3629:
3578:
3488:Chilean Chilote
3430:
3316:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3239:
3227:Moselle Romance
3194:
3043:Missouri French
3004:Franco-Ontarian
2879:
2868:
2861:
2601:
2566:
2543:Southern Latian
2446:
2411:Maltese Italian
2343:Central Italian
2327:
2320:
2315:Common Romanian
2231:
2215:Italo-Dalmatian
2193:
2183:
2055:Wayback Machine
2032:
2022:
1987:
1980:
1950:
1947:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1878:
1874:
1859:
1845:
1841:
1836:(in Portuguese)
1830:
1829:
1825:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1805:Llera Ramo 1994
1804:
1800:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1707:
1703:
1678:
1674:
1665:
1661:
1624:
1620:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1594:
1568:
1564:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1495:
1491:
1467:
1463:
1451:
1447:
1410:
1406:
1365:
1361:
1337:
1333:
1296:
1292:
1283:
1279:
1273:Wayback Machine
1264:
1260:
1255:Wayback Machine
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1174:
1170:
1146:
1142:
1097:
1093:
1078:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1044:
1028:
1018:
1007:
1001:
998:
987:
975:
964:
905:Kingdom of León
882:
876:
865:
859:
856:
845:
833:
822:
816:
761:
759:
753:
725:
700:
647:
622:
614:Cantabrian Wars
601:as well as the
591:
580:
574:
571:
560:
548:
537:
505:Kingdom of León
495:, but in 1906,
443:Kingdom of León
422:(in Portugal).
374:, northwestern
309:
308:
300:
298:
295:
285:
271:
264:
263:
262:
259:
252:
251:
250:
247:
241:
240:
237:
230:
229:
217:
202:
201:
92:Latino-Faliscan
63:
57:
52:, northwestern
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4107:
4097:
4096:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4059:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3945:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3864:
3862:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3757:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3730:
3725:
3722:Judaeo-Catalan
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3689:
3681:
3668:
3666:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3611:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3477:Latin American
3473:
3468:
3456:
3454:Judaeo-Spanish
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3381:
3376:
3369:
3357:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3100:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2949:
2944:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2847:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2767:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2624:
2622:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2597:Judaeo-Italian
2594:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2339:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2257:
2252:
2250:Istro-Romanian
2247:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2198:Major branches
2195:
2194:
2190:classification
2182:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2131:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2063:
2057:
2045:
2039:
2031:
2030:External links
2028:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2007:
1985:
1978:
1965:
1945:
1917:
1916:
1904:
1872:
1857:
1839:
1823:
1807:
1798:
1782:
1773:
1761:
1749:
1737:
1725:
1712:. 2015-12-01.
1701:
1672:
1659:
1636:(in Spanish).
1618:
1602:
1562:
1553:|journal=
1522:
1509:(4): 241–248.
1489:
1461:
1445:
1424:(2): 121–125.
1404:
1359:
1331:
1290:
1277:
1258:
1240:
1231:
1212:
1200:
1168:
1140:
1113:(3): 462–474.
1091:
1076:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1024:Main article:
1020:
1019:
978:
976:
969:
963:
956:
878:
877:
836:
834:
827:
818:Main article:
815:
808:
755:Main article:
752:
745:
724:
721:
699:
696:
646:
643:
621:
618:
593:
592:
551:
549:
542:
536:
533:
311:
310:
297:
296:
287:
286:
283:
275:
274:
260:(Extremaduran)
227:
221:
220:
215:
209:
208:
199:
189:
188:
187:Language codes
184:
183:
182:
181:
175:
169:
164:
159:
152:
148:
147:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
79:
73:
72:
46:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4106:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4073:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4041:
4040:Proto-Romance
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:Reconstructed
4031:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3999:British Latin
3996:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3855:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3818:Vivaro-Alpine
3816:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3624:
3623:
3622:Old Navarrese
3619:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3471:Equatoguinean
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3252:
3246:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:Frainc-Comtou
2923:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2864:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Judeo-Italian
2719:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Castelmezzano
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2421:Swiss Italian
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:Transylvanian
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2261:Daco-Romanian
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2210:Italo-Western
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:Mikroglottika
2139:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2021:92-3-103798-6
2017:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2004:84-933781-6-X
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1979:84-7847-297-5
1975:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1962:3-484-50250-9
1959:
1955:
1946:
1943:
1942:84-89880-20-4
1939:
1936:. Xixón, Vtp
1935:
1931:
1921:
1920:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1858:0-19-530745-3
1854:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1777:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1746:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1622:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1558:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:(03): 25–27.
1345:
1341:
1340:The Way Ahead
1335:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1203:
1201:9788496530942
1197:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1161:10.17345/1108
1158:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1077:84-933781-6-X
1073:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1016:
1013:
1005:
995:
991:
985:
984:
979:This section
977:
973:
968:
967:
961:
955:
953:
948:
944:
942:
933:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
906:
898:
874:
871:
863:
853:
849:
843:
842:
837:This section
835:
831:
826:
825:
821:
813:
804:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
758:
750:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
720:
716:
714:
704:
695:
693:
689:
685:
680:
677:
672:
667:
664:
660:
656:
652:
642:
638:
636:
630:
627:
617:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
589:
586:
578:
568:
564:
558:
557:
552:This section
550:
546:
541:
540:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
476:
472:
471:
466:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
408:
403:
402:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:Asturo-leonês
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
306:
303:
293:
288:
281:
276:
267:
255:
244:
233:
228:
226:
222:
218:ast, mwl, ext
216:
214:
210:
205:
204:ast, mwl, ext
200:
198:
194:
190:
185:
179:
176:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
149:
128:
125:
124:
123:
120:
119:
118:
117:Ibero-Romance
115:
114:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:Italo-Western
105:
104:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
84:
83:
82:Indo-European
80:
78:
74:
71:
68:and parts of
67:
61:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
4061:
4052:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3939:
3841:
3834:
3796:Languedocien
3788:
3781:Judeo-Gascon
3779:
3720:
3671:
3641:Barranquenho
3620:
3613:
3589:
3571:
3513:
3475:
3458:
3449:Extremaduran
3423:
3397:
3383:
3371:
3359:
3352:
3309:
3268:Asturleonese
3267:
3232:
3225:
3183:West Walloon
3171:Saintongeais
3119:
3095:
3091:Anglo-Norman
3049:
2982:Newfoundland
2942:Jersey Legal
2934:
2842:
2807:Southwestern
2790:Vallassinese
2679:Gallo-Picene
2620:Gallo-Italic
2582:
2498:
2493:
2432:
2398:
2313:
2259:
2148:
2137:
2119:
2011:
1995:
1991:
1988:(in Spanish)
1969:
1953:
1951:(in Spanish)
1933:
1929:
1926:(in Spanish)
1909:, retrieved
1887:
1875:
1848:
1842:
1832:
1826:
1816:
1810:
1801:
1791:
1785:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1709:
1704:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1667:
1662:
1640:(2): 29–36.
1637:
1633:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1595:, retrieved
1575:
1565:
1544:cite journal
1525:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1476:(2): 59–81.
1473:
1469:
1464:
1453:
1448:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1372:
1362:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1261:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1215:
1205:, retrieved
1181:
1171:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1110:
1106:
1094:
1066:
1059:
1045:
1033:
1029:
1008:
999:
988:Please help
983:verification
980:
959:
949:
945:
938:
913:
902:
866:
857:
846:Please help
841:verification
838:
811:
780:
778:
748:
740:
736:
728:
726:
717:
709:
681:
668:
648:
645:Legal status
639:
631:
623:
611:
596:
581:
572:
561:Please help
556:verification
553:
520:
516:
508:
485:Asturleonese
484:
480:
479:
470:Extremaduran
468:
463:
439:Vulgar Latin
432:
424:Extremaduran
417:
412:
405:
400:
348:Asturlhionés
324:Asturlleonés
316:Asturleonese
315:
314:
172:Extremaduran
151:Subdivisions
127:Asturleonese
126:
122:West Iberian
45:distribution
33:Asturleonese
4017:Campidanese
3843:Old Catalan
3836:Old Occitan
3573:Old Spanish
3507:Rioplatense
3311:Old Leonese
3139:Cotentinais
3103:Guernésiais
3026:Frenchville
3019:New England
2898:Bourbonnais
2850:Piedmontese
2844:Old Lombard
2736:Bergamasque
2660:Sammarinese
2134:Pardo, Abel
1948:(in German)
1923:(in German)
1780:Bauske 1995
1688:: 285–286.
1616:6.I:652-708
1310:: 149–170.
1002:August 2023
958:Mirandese (
928:provinces.
860:August 2023
797:periodicals
575:August 2023
459:Extremadura
441:in the old
384:Extremadura
332:Asturleonés
272:(Mirandese)
70:Extremadura
4064:indicates
4022:Logudorese
3555:Philippine
3521:Andalusian
3515:Peninsular
3405:Estremenho
3361:Portuguese
3288:Cantabrian
3121:Law French
3113:Sercquiais
2947:Meridional
2908:Champenois
2903:Burgundian
2714:Tabarchino
2704:Monégasque
2643:Parmigiano
2500:Neapolitan
2473:Manduriano
2440:Florentine
2307:Wallachian
2277:Bukovinian
2014:. UNESCO.
1911:2021-11-10
1723:1697-4239.
1699:1988-2548.
1597:2021-11-10
1487:2341-1120.
1357:2224-4522.
1207:2021-11-10
1166:2014-038X.
1051:References
793:dictionary
747:Asturian (
688:Portuguese
449:, through
407:Cantabrian
336:Portuguese
178:Cantabrian
43:Geographic
4072:varieties
4055:indicate
4012:Sardinian
3969:Triestine
3917:Sursilvan
3828:Mentonasc
3806:Provençal
3755:Auvergnat
3741:Valencian
3697:Mallorcan
3687:Algherese
3662:Occitano-
3609:Navarrese
3597:Aragonese
3533:Castilian
3436:Castilian
3412:Uruguayan
3385:Brazilian
3348:Minderico
3342:/Eonavian
3305:Mirandese
3219:Valdôtain
3205:/Arpitan
3146:Orléanais
3097:Auregnais
3081:Mayennais
3031:Louisiana
2913:Ardennais
2893:Berrichon
2699:Intemelio
2655:Forlivese
2638:Bolognese
2584:Dalmatian
2548:Tarantino
2511:Benevento
2468:Salentino
2428:Sassarese
2392:Gallurese
2375:Romanesco
2328:Dalmatian
2292:Moldavian
2287:Maramureș
2245:Aromanian
2086:Entry on
1867:316065519
1654:2340-4728
1592:234429580
1440:1803-4136
1399:226346279
1391:2174-9612
1326:0185-1616
1135:214477928
1127:1571-0718
926:Salamanca
907:. As the
810:Leonese (
749:Asturianu
626:diglossic
620:Diglossia
529:Aragonese
513:Castilian
419:Mirandese
388:Riudenore
386:, and in
380:Cantabria
344:Mirandese
225:Glottolog
213:ISO 639-3
193:ISO 639-2
167:Mirandese
66:Cantabria
4088:Category
3948:Venetian
3922:Vallader
3912:Surmiran
3885:Cadorino
3868:Friulian
3801:Limousin
3770:Béarnese
3732:Western
3714:Northern
3702:Menorcan
3692:Balearic
3683:Eastern
3679:dialects
3538:Castrapo
3495:Peruvian
3466:dialects
3399:European
3367:dialects
3354:Portugis
3335:Galician
3276:Asturian
3214:Savoyard
3166:Poitevin
3134:Cauchois
3108:Jèrriais
2955:Canadian
2834:Varesino
2829:Ticinese
2817:Novarese
2812:Cremunés
2802:Ossolano
2797:Milanese
2785:Lecchese
2753:Brianzöö
2684:Ligurian
2650:Romagnol
2531:Arianese
2526:Irpinian
2521:Cilentan
2485:Pantesco
2480:Sicilian
2451:Southern
2387:Corsican
2363:Macerata
2358:Fabriano
2297:Oltenian
2267:dialects
2227:Southern
2051:Archived
1833:Law 7/99
1634:Magister
1470:Archivum
1269:Archived
1251:Archived
1086:85532738
960:Mirandés
737:Asturian
663:Galician
635:Galician
489:basilect
455:Portugal
447:Asturias
428:replaced
413:Asturian
372:Asturias
360:Portugal
320:Asturian
266:mira1251
254:extr1243
243:astu1245
232:astu1244
157:Asturian
50:Asturias
4053:Italics
3954:Chipilo
3897:Romansh
3860:Romance
3858:Rhaeto-
3823:Gardiol
3775:Landese
3765:Aranese
3750:Occitan
3709:Central
3673:Catalan
3664:Romance
3565:Creoles
3560:Saharan
3548:Murcian
3526:Llanito
3483:Chilean
3460:Spanish
3417:Creoles
3391:Mineiro
3373:African
3298:Riberan
3293:Leonese
3258:Iberian
3251:Romance
3178:Walloon
3151:Paydret
3129:Augeron
3069:Vosgien
3064:Gaumais
3059:Lorrain
3051:Creoles
3014:Muskrat
2960:Acadian
2888:Angevin
2878:Langues
2869:Romance
2775:Comasco
2748:Western
2741:Cremish
2731:Eastern
2726:Lombard
2694:Genoese
2689:Brigasc
2633:Emilian
2611:Western
2590:Istriot
2553:Vastese
2538:Molisan
2400:Italian
2336:Central
2282:Crișana
2237:Eastern
2220:Western
2205:Eastern
1769:YouTube
1757:YouTube
1745:YouTube
1733:YouTube
812:Llionés
789:grammar
729:Leonese
655:Catalan
607:Astures
535:History
525:Leonese
481:Leonese
475:Spanish
401:Leonese
350:) is a
328:Spanish
270:
258:
246:
236:
162:Leonese
112:Western
102:Romance
48:Spain (
3984:Others
3964:Talian
3959:Fiuman
3933:Others
3873:Fornes
3811:Niçard
3760:Gascon
3728:Patuet
3634:Others
3543:Castúo
3249:Ibero-
3209:Faetar
3156:Picard
3086:Norman
3074:Welche
2997:Magoua
2987:Quebec
2977:Brayon
2936:French
2918:Rémois
2867:Gallo-
2822:Pavese
2780:Laghée
2758:Canzés
2709:Royasc
2571:Others
2506:Barese
2434:Tuscan
2380:Sabino
2353:Ancona
2326:Italo-
2126:
2018:
2002:
1976:
1960:
1940:
1902:
1865:
1855:
1652:
1590:
1438:
1397:
1389:
1324:
1198:
1133:
1125:
1084:
1074:
941:UNESCO
922:Zamora
733:Zamora
661:, and
659:Basque
461:. The
302:UNESCO
87:Italic
3907:Putèr
3902:Jauer
3890:Nones
3880:Ladin
3379:Asian
3036:Houma
3009:Métis
2992:Joual
2965:Chiac
2930:Gallo
2880:d'oïl
2272:Banat
1588:S2CID
1395:S2CID
1155:(2).
1131:S2CID
897:Spain
781:Bable
735:) as
501:Latin
356:Spain
97:Latin
4062:Bold
3647:Caló
3330:Fala
3256:West
2124:ISBN
2016:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1974:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1938:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1863:OCLC
1853:ISBN
1721:ISSN
1697:ISSN
1650:ISSN
1557:help
1485:ISSN
1436:ISSN
1387:ISSN
1355:ISSN
1322:ISSN
1196:ISBN
1164:ISSN
1123:ISSN
1082:OCLC
1072:ISBN
924:and
918:León
795:and
791:, a
669:The
527:and
457:and
451:León
390:and
382:and
1892:doi
1714:doi
1690:doi
1642:doi
1580:doi
1532:doi
1511:doi
1478:doi
1426:doi
1377:doi
1348:doi
1312:doi
1186:doi
1157:doi
1115:doi
992:by
850:by
565:by
416:or
370:of
180:(?)
174:(?)
4090::
2140:.
2136:.
1898:,
1886:,
1861:.
1686:29
1684:.
1648:.
1638:29
1612:,
1586:,
1574:,
1548::
1546:}}
1542:{{
1507:10
1505:.
1501:.
1474:70
1472:.
1434:.
1422:25
1420:.
1416:.
1393:.
1385:.
1371:.
1344:09
1342:.
1320:.
1308:29
1306:.
1302:.
1224:.
1194:,
1180:,
1151:.
1129:.
1121:.
1111:16
1109:.
1105:.
1080:.
1038:.
954:.
920:,
657:,
410:,
404:,
378:,
346::
342:;
338::
334:;
330::
326:;
322::
195:/
3260:)
3254:(
2192:)
2188:(
2178:e
2171:t
2164:v
2130:.
2072:)
2038:.
2024:.
2006:)
1984:.
1982:.
1964:.
1944:)
1894::
1869:.
1716::
1692::
1656:.
1644::
1582::
1559:)
1555:(
1538:.
1534::
1519:.
1513::
1480::
1442:.
1428::
1401:.
1379::
1350::
1328:.
1314::
1275:.
1228:.
1188::
1159::
1153:1
1137:.
1117::
1088:.
1015:)
1009:(
1004:)
1000:(
986:.
962:)
899:.
873:)
867:(
862:)
858:(
844:.
814:)
751:)
588:)
582:(
577:)
573:(
559:.
197:5
62:)
56:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.