438:
against the Ionian city-states which bordered it. The members of the Delian League were made to swear an oath of loyalty to the league and contributed mostly monetarily but in some instances donated ships or other forces. It was also the case that many democratic members of the League owed their freedom from oligarchic or tyrannical rule to Athens. Because of this, Athens gained an overwhelming advantage in the voting system conducted by relying on the support of democratic city-states Athens had helped into being. By 454 Athens moved the treasury of the Delian League from the Island of Delos to the
Parthenon in Athens. Benefitting greatly from the influx of cash coming out of the 150-330 members, Athens used the money to reinforce its own naval supremacy and used the remaining funds to embellish the city with art and architecture. In order to maintain the new synoecism, Athens began using its greatly expanded military to enforce membership in the League. City-states who wished to leave the alliance were punished by Athens with force such as
494:
any continuous labor. In some other respects the
Athenians were not the old popular rulers they had been at first; and if they had more than their fair share of service, it was correspondingly easy for them to reduce any that tried to leave the confederacy. The Athenians also arranged for the other members of the league to pay its share of the expense in money instead of in ships and men, and for this the subject city-states had themselves to blame, their wish to get out of giving service making most leave their homes. Thus while Athens was increasing her navy with the funds they contributed, a revolt always found itself without enough resources or experienced leaders for war.
189:
383:
455:
46:
707:
142:, where Athens established complete dominion and the allies became increasingly less autonomous. The alliance held an assembly of representatives in order to shape its policy, while the members swore an oath of loyalty to the coalition. The Delian League successfully accomplished its principal strategic goal by decisively expelling the remaining Persian forces from the Aegean. As a result, Persia would cease to pose a major threat to Greece for the following fifty years.
5033:
861:
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636:
5053:
446:. No longer considered her allies, Athens eventually began to refer to the members of the Delian League as "all the cities Athens rules." Athens also extended its authority over members of the League through judicial decisions. Synoecism under the Athenian Empire was enforced by resolving matters of and between states in Athens by courts composed of Athenian citizens and enforcing those decisions through the Athenian military.
875:
965:
769:. After an unsuccessful revolt, the Athenians ordered the death of the entire male population. After some thought, they rescinded this order, and only put to death the leading 1000 ringleaders of the revolt, and redistributed the land of the entire island to Athenian shareholders, who were sent out to reside on Lesbos.
390:
After
Byzantion, Sparta was eager to end its involvement in the war. The Spartans greatly feared the rise of the Athenians as a challenge to their power. Additionally, the Spartans were of the view that, with the liberation of mainland Greece, and the Greek cities of Asia Minor, the war's purpose had
288:
decided that, despite having subdued the revolt, there remained the unfinished business of exacting punishment on Athens and
Eretria for supporting the revolt. The Ionian revolt had severely threatened the stability of Darius's empire, and the states of mainland Greece would continue to threaten that
788:
By 454 BC, the Delian League could be fairly characterised as an
Athenian Empire; a key event of 454 BC was the moving of the treasury of the Delian League from Delos to Athens. This is often seen as a key marker of the transition from alliance to empire, but while it is significant, it is important
493:
Of all the causes of defection, that connected with arrears of tribute and vessels, and with failure of service, was the chief; for the
Athenians were very severe and exacting, and made themselves offensive by applying the screw of necessity to men who were not used to and in fact not disposed for
145:
From its inception, Athens became the League's biggest source of military power, while more and more allies preferred to pay the dues in cash. Athens began to use the League's funds for its own purposes, like the reinforcement of its naval supremacy, which led to conflicts between the city and its
414:
In reality, this goal was divided into three main efforts—to prepare for future invasion, to seek revenge against Persia, and to organize a means of dividing spoils of war. The members were given a choice of either offering armed forces or paying a tax to the joint treasury; most states chose the
398:
Xanthippus, the
Athenian commander at Mycale, had furiously rejected this; the Ionian cities had been Athenian colonies, and the Athenians, if no one else, would protect the Ionians. This marked the point at which the leadership of the Greek alliance effectively passed to the Athenians. With the
545:
and was forced back into the league. As a result, the fortification walls of Thasos were torn down, and they had to pay yearly tribute and fines. Additionally, their land, naval ships, and the mines of Thasos were confiscated by Athens. The siege of Thasos marks the transformation of the Delian
437:
The Delian League, also known as the
Athenian Empire, was a collection of Greek city-states largely based around the Aegean Sea which operated under the hegemony of Athens. This alliance initially served the purpose of coordinating a united Greek front against a perceived looming Persian threat
801:
were left to contribute ships, and these states were by now far too weak to secede without support. Lesbos tried to revolt first, and failed completely. Chios, the most powerful of the original members of the Delian League save Athens, was the last to revolt, and in the aftermath of the
663:, who captured the greater part of the Athenian forces. In fact, according to Isocrates, the Athenians and their allies lost some 20,000 men in the expedition, while modern estimates place the figure at 50,000 men and 250 ships including reinforcements. The remainder escaped to
776:, a small island, neutral in the war, though founded by Spartans. The Melians were offered a choice to join the Athenians, or be conquered. Choosing to resist, their town was besieged and conquered; the males were put to death and the women sold into slavery (see
753:
and Megara revolted, and while the former was restored to its status as a tributary ally, the latter was a permanent loss. The Delian and
Peloponnesian Leagues signed a peace treaty, which was set to endure for thirty years. It only lasted until 431 BC, when the
698:, was formalized in 450 BC, but some writers believe that the treaty was a myth created later to inflate the stature of Athens. However, an understanding was definitely reached, enabling the Athenians to focus their attention on events in Greece proper.
410:
to institute a new alliance to continue the fight against the
Persians; hence the modern designation "Delian League". According to Thucydides, the official aim of the League was to "avenge the wrongs they suffered by ravaging the territory of the king."
609:
indicates that many of Pericles's rivals viewed the transfer to Athens as usurping monetary resources to fund elaborate building projects. Athens also switched from accepting ships, men and weapons as dues from league members, to only accepting money.
670:
This was the Athenians' main (public) reason for moving the treasury of the League from Delos to Athens, further consolidating their control over the League. The Persians followed up their victory by sending a fleet to re-establish their control over
284:. After this, the Ionian revolt carried on (without further outside aid) for a further five years, until it was finally completely crushed by the Persians. However, in a decision of great historic significance, the Persian king
534:, a member of the League, saw her interests in the mines of Mt. Pangaion threatened and defected from the League to Persia. She called to Sparta for assistance but was denied, as Sparta was facing the largest
228:
in each Ionian city. While Greek states had in the past often been ruled by tyrants, this form of government was on the decline. By 500 BC, Ionia appears to have been ripe for rebellion against these Persian
1620:
819:—quasi-colonies that remained tied to Athens and which served as garrisons to maintain control of the League's vast territory. Furthermore, Pericles employed a number of offices to maintain Athens' empire:
844:
Athens's empire was not very stable and after 27 years of war, the Spartans, aided by the Persians and Athenian internal strife, were able to defeat it. However, it did not remain defeated for long. The
849:, a maritime self-defense league, was founded in 377 BC and was led by Athens. The Athenians would never recover the full extent of their power, and their enemies were now far stronger and more varied.
1007:, p. 18. In ancient sources, there is no special designation for the league and its members as a group are simply referred to with phrases along the lines of "the Athenians and their allies" (see
613:
The new treasury established in Athens was used for many purposes, not all relating to the defence of members of the league. It was from tribute paid to the league that Pericles set to building the
280:
allowed themselves to be drawn into this conflict by Aristagoras, and during their only campaigning season (498 BC) they contributed to the capture and burning of the Persian regional capital of
154:
moved it to Athens in 454 BC. By 431 BC, the threat that the League presented to Spartan hegemony combined with Athens's heavy-handed control of the Delian League prompted the outbreak of the
722:, and simultaneously defended Megara from the Corinthians by sending out an army composed of those too young or old for regular military service. The following year, Sparta sent an army into
350:
near the island of Samos—on the same day as Plataea, according to tradition. This action marks the end of the Persian invasion, and the beginning of the next phase in the Greco-Persian wars,
512:
in c. 471 BC. After being defeated, Naxos is believed (based on similar, later revolts) to have been forced to tear down its walls along with losing its fleet and vote in the League.
391:
already been achieved. There was also perhaps a feeling that establishing long-term security for the Asian Greeks would prove impossible. In the aftermath of Mycale, the Spartan king
789:
to view the period as a whole when considering the development of Athenian imperialism, and not to focus on a single event as being the main contributor to it. At the start of the
730:
in order to help hold the Athenians in check. Their return was blocked, and they resolved to march on Athens, where the Long Walls were not yet completed, winning a victory at the
323:
in 480 BC, taking an enormous (although oft-exaggerated) army and navy to Greece. Those Greeks who chose to resist (the 'Allies') were defeated in the twin simultaneous battles of
261:
415:
tax. League members swore to have the same friends and enemies, and dropped ingots of iron into the sea to symbolize the permanence of their alliance. The Athenian politician
1595:
Natural Resources and 5th Century Athenian Foreign Policy: The Effect of Natural Resources on Fifth Century Athenian Foreign Policy and the Development of the Athenian Empire
292:
In the next two decades, there would be two Persian invasions of Greece, occasioning, thanks to Greek historians, some of the most famous battles in history. During the
1613:
166:
commander. Witnessing Sparta's growing hegemony in the first half of the 4th century BC, Athens went on to partly revive the alliance, this time called the
978:(defensive/offensive alliance) against Persia It was a dual alliance similar to the Peloponnesian League. Athens was acknowledged hegemon of the League".
566:
and Pericles. This signaled a complete change in Athenian foreign policy, neglecting the alliance with the Spartans and instead allying with her enemies,
1366:
289:
stability unless dealt with. Darius thus began to contemplate the complete conquest of Greece, beginning with the destruction of Athens and Eretria.
621:, replacing an older temple, as well as many other non-defense related expenditures. The Delian League was turning from an alliance into an empire.
1875:
Balot, Ryan (2009). "The Freedom to Rule: Athenian Imperialism and Democratic Masculinity". In Tabachnick, David Edward; Koivukoski, Toivo (eds.).
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were added to the Persian Empire, and Eretria was duly destroyed. However, the invasion ended in 490 BC with the decisive Athenian victory at the
2180:
354:. After Mycale, the Greek cities of Asia Minor again revolted, with the Persians now powerless to stop them. The Allied fleet then sailed to the
659:, to their aid because it would further damage Persia. After four years, however, the Egyptian rebellion was defeated by the Achaemenid general
335:
thus having fallen into Persian hands, the Persians then seeking to destroy the Allied navy once and for all, suffered a decisive defeat at the
395:
had proposed transplanting all the Greeks from Asia Minor to Europe as the only method of permanently freeing them from Persian dominion.
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339:. The following year, 479 BC, the Allies assembled the largest Greek army yet seen and defeated the Persian invasion force at the
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and protecting Athens from attack from that quarter. Roughly a decade earlier, due to encouragement from influential speaker
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245:
in 499 BC, Aristagoras chose to declare Miletus a democracy. This triggered similar revolutions across Ionia, extending to
734:. All this accomplished, however, was to allow them to return home via the Megarid. Two months later, the Athenians under
2173:
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This battle was the last major one fought against the Persians. Many writers report that a peace treaty, known as the
138:
colonies of Anatolia. By the mid-fifth century BC, the alliance had developed into a naval imperial power, called the
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The loose alliance of city states which had fought against Xerxes's invasion had been dominated by Sparta and the
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excelled as Greece's greatest power on land, Athens turned to the seas becoming the dominant naval power of the
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shortly after 550 BC. The Persians found the Ionians difficult to rule, eventually settling for sponsoring a
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This type of treatment was not reserved solely for those who revolted. Thucydides documents the example of
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moved the Delian League's treasury from Delos to Athens, allegedly to keep it safe from Persia. However,
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To further strengthen Athens's grip on its empire, Pericles in 450 BC began a policy of establishing
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A Military History of the Western World Volume I: From the Earliest Times to the Battle of Lepanto
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107:; contemporary authors referred to the organization simply as "the Athenians and their Allies".
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would spend the rest of his life occupied in the affairs of the alliance, dying (according to
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Honor and Profit: Athenian Trade Policy and the Economy and Society of Greece, 415-307 B.C.E.
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and allied herself with Athens, allowing construction of a double line of walls across the
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233:. The simmering tension finally broke into open revolt due to the actions of the tyrant of
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423:) a few years later in Pontus, whilst determining what the tax of new members was to be.
371:
355:
122:, Athens took the lead of the Hellenic alliance accompanied by several states around the
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in 465 BC. The League's treasury initially stood in Delos until, in a symbolic gesture,
134:
seeking protection under Athens, as the latter wished to extend its support towards the
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1479:"Pseudo-Xenophon (Old Oligarch), Constitution of the Athenians, chapter 1, section 16"
158:; the League was dissolved upon the war's conclusion in 404 BC under the direction of
130:
coast. The Delian League was formed as an anti-Persian defensive association of equal
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Spartan withdrawal after Byzantion, the leadership of the Athenians became explicit.
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312:. After this invasion, Darius died, and responsibility for the war passed to his son
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406:. With the withdrawal of these states, a congress was called on the holy island of
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1653:
99:. The League's modern name derives from its official meeting place, the island of
45:
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2023:
1023:, Chapter VII: "To the Hellenes it was called "the Athenians and their Allies".
908:
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1965:
687:, though the fleet won a double victory by land and sea over the Persians off
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After more than two years of siege, Thasos surrendered to the Athenian leader
208:
The Greco-Persian Wars had their roots in the conquest of the Greek cities of
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to revolt. Athens was nonetheless eventually able to suppress these revolts.
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Those who revolted unsuccessfully during the war saw the example made of the
664:
639:
Map showing the locations of battles fought by the Delian League, 477–449 BC.
635:
362:. The following year, 478 BC, the Allies sent a force to capture the city of
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655:, who requested aid from Athens. Pericles led 250 ships, intended to attack
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Over time, especially with the suppression of rebellions, Athens exercised
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Athenian Empire in 445 BC, according to the Tribute Lists. The islands of
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69:, numbering between 150 and 330, founded in 478 BC under the leadership (
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The Landmark Thucydides A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War
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The first member of the league to attempt to secede was the island of
370:). The siege was successful, but the behaviour of the Spartan general
89:. The League functioned as a dual –offensive and defensive– alliance (
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less powerful allies, at times culminating in rebellions, like that
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The Allied fleet defeated the remnants of the Persian fleet in the
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103:, where congresses were held within the sanctuary of the Temple of
70:
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974:, Chapter VII: "The allies were autonomous and the alliance was a
598:, its port, making it effectively invulnerable to attack by land.
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alienated many of the Allies, and resulted in Pausanias's recall.
241:. Attempting to save himself after a disastrous Persian-sponsored
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Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West
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Association of ancient Greek city-states under Athenian hegemony
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95:) of autonomous states, similar to its rival association, the
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1886:"The Constitution and Original Purpose of the Delian League"
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broke out. In 458 BC, the Athenians blockaded the island of
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league from an alliance into, in the words of Thucydides, a
30:"Delian" redirects here. For the religious association, see
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The Reign of the Phallus: Sexual Politics in Ancient Athens
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From Darius I to Philip II, The Story of the Greek Poleis
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2015:
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and was succeeded in his influence by democrats such as
1879:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 54–68.
1043:
1041:
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Die Herrschaft der Athener im Ersten Attischen Seebund
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Ancient Greece: From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times
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describes how Athens's control over the League grew:
1877:
Enduring Empire: Ancient Lessons for Global Politics
1821:
Ancient Greece From Homer to Alexander: The Evidence
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enjoyed success for several years, inspiring all of
675:, and 200 ships were sent out to counter them under
1870:(in German). Konstanz: Universitätsverlag Konstanz.
1780:
1465:
1137:
931:
745:Reverses followed peace with Persia in 449 BC. The
742:gained control of the whole country except Thebes.
1802:A History of the Classical Greek World: 478–323 BC
462:In the first ten years of the league's existence,
386:Fragment of the Athenian Tribute List, 425–424 BC.
49:Athens and Delian League (yellow) shown along the
1840:Thucydides, An Introduction for the Common Reader
1781:Nelson, Eric D.; Allard-Nelson, Susan K. (2005).
1614:"Athens & Sparta: Democracy vs. Dictatorship"
1442:. Free Press. pp. 99–100, 583–588, 617–619.
647:revolted under local leaders the Hellenes called
5069:
2011:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). pp. 958–962.
749:, in 447 BC, led to the abandonment of Boeotia.
710:Greece at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War
343:, ending the invasion and the threat to Greece.
2394:
1766:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
1217:
1215:
783:
1818:
959:
943:
841:, who received the tribute on Athens' behalf.
2174:
2031:
1951:(in German). Berlin and New York: De Gruyter.
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
835:, who oversaw the collection of tribute; and
458:The Athenian Empire at its height, c. 450 BC.
77:, whose purpose was to continue fighting the
1783:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Ancient Greece
1738:
1705:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1212:
1020:
971:
643:War with the Persians continued. In 460 BC,
474:to join the league, conquered the island of
449:
170:, reestablishing its naval dominance in the
53:and the Persian Empire at the outset of the
1804:. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
1672:
1658:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
1576:
3060:
2181:
2167:
2038:
2024:
1963:
1819:Roisman, Joseph; Yardley, John C. (2011).
1388:
683:in 451 BC. He died during the blockade of
1985:
1724:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
1437:
590:, the Athenians had also constructed the
553:
118:. Following Sparta's withdrawal from the
1998:
1946:
705:
634:
526:In 465 BC, Athens founded the colony of
453:
381:
259:
204:(shaded on the map) did not pay tribute.
187:
44:
1922:Athen: Ein Neubeginn der Weltgeschichte
1837:
1719:
1681:
1401:
1329:
1317:
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1221:
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1194:
1155:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1032:
992:
962:, 18: The Athenian Empire, pp. 246–266.
14:
5070:
4114:
1937:
1928:
1890:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
1883:
1865:
1823:. Malden and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
1799:
1759:
1655:The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History
1561:
1543:
1516:
1501:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1379:
1341:
1128:
1099:
1087:
1047:
1004:
947:
624:
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2393:
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2162:
2019:
1916:
1874:
1700:
1630:
1611:
1557:
1555:
1531:
1360:
1354:
1179:
1143:
1111:
1058:
1056:
4582:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
2214:
1651:
1592:
1413:
1335:
1167:
1161:
1117:
1008:
1422:
478:and sent Athenian colonists there.
24:
5083:Military history of ancient Greece
3543:
2188:
1942:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1858:
1552:
1053:
25:
5124:
5093:5th-century BC military alliances
1957:
1866:Balcer, Jack Martin, ed. (1984).
1745:. Page Publishing, Incorporated.
1722:The Defence of Greece: 490–479 BC
738:invaded Boeotia, and winning the
701:
331:at sea. All of Greece except the
321:second Persian invasion of Greece
87:Second Persian invasion of Greece
5103:5th-century BC disestablishments
5051:
5041:
5032:
5031:
1626:from the original on 2022-10-09.
873:
859:
601:In 454 BC, the Athenian general
5052:
1999:Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911).
1652:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1983).
1570:
1537:
1525:
1510:
1495:
1471:
1466:Nelson & Allard-Nelson 2005
1407:
1373:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1200:
1188:
1173:
1149:
1105:
932:Nelson & Allard-Nelson 2005
81:after the Greek victory in the
2066:Archaeological Museum of Delos
1924:(in German). Munich: Pantheon.
1842:. Princeton University Press.
1720:Lazenby, John Francis (1993).
1677:. New York: Funk and Wagnalls.
1637:University of Michigan Press.
998:
953:
937:
925:
13:
1:
5098:5th-century BC establishments
2653:
2640:
2621:
2604:
1868:Studien zum Attischen Seebund
919:
594:connecting their city to the
485:over the rest of the league.
319:Xerxes then personally led a
177:
5108:Greek city-state federations
3781:Funeral and burial practices
2966:Military of Mycenaean Greece
1619:. University of the People.
784:Athenian Empire (454–404 BC)
498:
433:Members of the Delian League
377:
7:
1947:Schuller, Wolfgang (1974).
1938:Rhodes, Peter John (1985).
1800:Rhodes, Peter John (2006).
1785:. Indianapolis, IN: Alpha.
1760:Martin, Thomas R. (2000) .
1739:Luttenberger, Mark (2017).
1597:. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag.
852:
716:war with the Peloponnesians
10:
5129:
3705:Greek Revival architecture
3047:
2061:Agora of the Competaliasts
1971:World History Encyclopedia
1933:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1686:. New York: Anchor Books.
1673:Fuller, John (1954–1957).
1585:
1438:Strassler, Robert (1998).
960:Roisman & Yardley 2011
944:Roisman & Yardley 2011
765:, the principal people on
667:and thence returned home.
628:
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3068:
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2921:Antigonid Macedonian army
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2045:
1986:Lendering, Jona (2020) .
1964:Cartwright, Mark (2016).
1884:Larsen, J. A. O. (1940).
1631:Engen, Darel Tai (2010).
631:Wars of the Delian League
578:deserted the Spartan-led
515:
450:Composition and expansion
218:Achaemenid Persian Empire
1929:Meiggs, Russell (1972).
1612:Brand, Peter J. (2020).
726:, reviving the power of
503:
2143:League of the Islanders
2008:Encyclopædia Britannica
1838:Zagorin, Perez (2009).
1701:Keuls, Eva C. (1993) .
1068:Encyclopedia Britannica
950:, pp. 96, 105–106.
538:revolt in its history.
352:the Greek counterattack
3147:Artists & scholars
3062:List of ancient Greeks
2699:Second Athenian League
2548:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
2373:Ancient Greek colonies
946:, Timeline, p. xliii;
889:Second Athenian League
847:Second Athenian League
711:
640:
554:Policies of the League
530:on the Strymon river.
496:
459:
387:
269:
205:
168:Second Athenian League
58:
38:. For other uses, see
5113:Former confederations
4266:Sybaris on the Traeis
2991:Sacred Band of Thebes
2731:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
2245:Cycladic civilization
2096:Temple of the Delians
2002:"Delian League"
1682:Holland, Tom (2005).
1564:The Peloponnesian War
1546:The Peloponnesian War
1519:The Peloponnesian War
1504:The Peloponnesian War
1483:www.perseus.tufts.edu
1382:The Peloponnesian War
1344:The Peloponnesian War
1131:The Peloponnesian War
904:Hellenic civilization
867:Ancient Greece portal
709:
638:
558:In 461 BC, Cimon was
491:
457:
385:
263:
191:
172:eastern Mediterranean
65:was a confederacy of
48:
3791:mythological figures
3512:Ancient Greek tribes
2637:Peloponnesian League
2148:Prohibition of dying
1593:Artz, James (2008).
804:Syracusan Expedition
679:, who returned from
580:Peloponnesian League
404:Peloponnesian league
272:The Greek states of
268:, patron of Athens.
120:conflict with Persia
97:Peloponnesian League
51:Peloponnesian League
36:Delian League (band)
34:. For the band, see
3903:Tunnel of Eupalinos
3898:Theatre of Dionysus
3522:Ancient Macedonians
3138:Tyrants of Syracuse
2650:Amphictyonic League
2250:Minoan civilization
2117:Antiphanes of Delos
1940:The Athenian Empire
1931:The Athenian Empire
1320:, pp. 357–358.
1308:, pp. 342–355.
1296:, pp. 320–326.
1284:, pp. 276–281.
1272:, pp. 240–244.
1260:, pp. 202–203.
1248:, pp. 187–194.
1236:, pp. 183–186.
1224:, pp. 175–177.
1209:, pp. 160–162.
1197:, pp. 155–157.
1170:, pp. 269–277.
1158:, pp. 147–151.
1090:, pp. 107–108.
740:Battle of Oenophyta
625:Wars against Persia
356:Thracian Chersonese
212:, and particularly
4577:Menestheus's Limin
4231:Pandosia (Lucania)
4119:Greek colonisation
3481:Athenian statesmen
3242:Diogenes of Sinope
3103:Kings of Macedonia
3093:Kings of Commagene
2961:Macedonian phalanx
2941:Hellenistic armies
2689:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
2553:Indo-Greek Kingdom
2275:Hellenistic Greece
894:Athenian democracy
712:
641:
584:Isthmus of Corinth
460:
388:
310:Battle of Marathon
270:
206:
184:Greco-Persian Wars
85:at the end of the
59:
32:Delian Amphictyony
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5064:
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4959:
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4955:
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4529:Iberian Peninsula
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4427:
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4105:
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4078:Cypriot syllabary
3969:
3968:
3878:Athenian Treasury
3862:
3861:
3534:
3533:
3530:
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3123:Ptolemaic dynasty
3083:Archons of Athens
3038:
3037:
3034:
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2909:Athenian military
2890:
2889:
2723:League of Corinth
2705:Thessalian League
2681:Chalcidian League
2663:Acarnanian League
2573:Ptolemaic Kingdom
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2156:
2155:
1830:978-1-405-12776-9
1811:978-0-631-22565-2
1792:978-1-592-57273-1
1773:978-0-300-08493-1
1731:978-0-856-68591-0
1712:978-0-520-07929-8
1693:978-0-307-38698-4
1644:978-0-472-11634-8
1604:978-3-639-08667-6
1035:, pp. 12–13.
1021:Luttenberger 2017
972:Luttenberger 2017
791:Peloponnesian War
756:Peloponnesian War
747:Battle of Coronea
732:Battle of Tanagra
522:Thasian rebellion
341:Battle of Plataea
337:Battle of Salamis
156:Peloponnesian War
83:Battle of Plataea
67:Greek city-states
55:Peloponnesian War
16:(Redirected from
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3108:Kings of Paionia
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2914:Scythian archers
2821:Graphe paranomon
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2255:Mycenaean Greece
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696:Peace of Callias
348:Battle of Mycale
286:Darius the Great
253:, beginning the
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2926:Army of Macedon
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2713:(370–c. 230 BC)
2711:Arcadian League
2695:(c. 400–188 BC)
2693:Aetolian League
2687:Boeotian League
2669:Hellenic League
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2633:(c. 650–404 BC)
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1988:"Delian League"
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1966:"Delian League"
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4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
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3933:
3928:
3923:
3917:
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3800:
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3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3737:Musical system
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3696:
3694:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
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3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3570:
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3532:
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3528:
3527:
3525:
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3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3169:Mathematicians
3166:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3078:Kings of Argos
3074:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3053:
3052:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2936:Cretan archers
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
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2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2735:Achaean League
2732:
2729:Euboean League
2726:
2720:
2717:Epirote League
2714:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2665:(c. 500–31 BC)
2660:
2647:
2634:
2628:
2615:
2597:
2595:
2593:Confederations
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2517:Lissus (Crete)
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
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2416:
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2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Archaic Greece
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:Ancient Greece
2186:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1996:
1983:
1959:
1958:External links
1956:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1914:
1902:10.2307/310927
1881:
1872:
1862:
1860:
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1582:
1581:
1569:
1551:
1536:
1524:
1509:
1494:
1470:
1468:, p. 197.
1455:
1449:978-0684827902
1448:
1421:
1406:
1404:, p. 362.
1387:
1372:
1353:
1334:
1332:, p. 247.
1322:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1136:
1116:
1104:
1102:, p. 107.
1092:
1080:
1052:
1050:, p. 106.
1037:
1025:
1013:
997:
980:
964:
952:
936:
934:, p. 197.
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
911:
909:Pentecontaetia
906:
901:
899:Chalcis Decree
896:
891:
885:
884:
881:History portal
870:
854:
851:
785:
782:
703:
702:Wars in Greece
700:
629:Main article:
626:
623:
555:
552:
520:Main article:
517:
514:
505:
502:
500:
497:
451:
448:
431:Main article:
428:
425:
379:
376:
306:Aegean Islands
294:first invasion
182:Main article:
179:
176:
79:Persian Empire
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5125:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5088:Ancient Delos
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5078:Delian League
5076:
5075:
5073:
5058:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5040:
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5026:
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4560:
4558:
4557:Hemeroscopion
4555:
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4548:
4545:
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4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
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4370:
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4360:
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4347:
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4335:
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4162:
4159:
4157:
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4149:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4134:Magna Graecia
4131:
4127:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
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4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Arcadocypriot
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3961:Zeus, Olympia
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:Hera, Olympia
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
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3904:
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3896:
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3891:
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3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3849:Mount Olympus
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:Sacred places
3815:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3782:
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3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:Olympic Games
3639:
3637:
3634:
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3631:Homosexuality
3629:
3627:
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3549:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3523:
3520:
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3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
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3341:
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3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
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3322:
3320:
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3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
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3207:
3205:
3201:
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3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
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3045:
3041:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:Seleucid army
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
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2905:
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2874:
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2860:
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2814:
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2801:
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2789:
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2784:
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2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
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2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2675:Delian League
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2651:
2648:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2631:Ionian League
2629:
2619:
2616:
2612: 560 BC
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
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2513:
2510:
2508:
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2500:
2498:
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2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2353:Magna Graecia
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:Delian League
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1851:
1849:9781400826797
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1752:9781640826816
1748:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1665:0-674-03314-0
1661:
1657:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1579:, p. 56.
1578:
1573:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1540:
1534:, p. 28.
1533:
1528:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1498:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1363:The Histories
1357:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1191:
1183:
1182:The Histories
1176:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1146:, p. 58.
1145:
1140:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1114:, p. 18.
1113:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1084:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1011:, p. 2).
1010:
1006:
1001:
995:, p. 13.
994:
989:
987:
985:
977:
973:
968:
961:
956:
949:
945:
940:
933:
928:
924:
915:
914:Zone (colony)
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
882:
871:
868:
857:
850:
848:
842:
840:
839:
838:hellenotamiai
834:
833:
828:
824:
823:
818:
817:
811:
809:
805:
800:
796:
792:
781:
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
759:
757:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
708:
699:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
637:
632:
622:
620:
616:
611:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
551:
549:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
523:
513:
511:
495:
490:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
456:
447:
445:
441:
434:
424:
422:
418:
412:
409:
405:
400:
396:
394:
384:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
287:
283:
279:
275:
267:
262:
258:
256:
255:Ionian Revolt
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
203:
199:
195:
190:
185:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:Delian League
57:around 431 BC
56:
52:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4852:Dionysopolis
4822:Abonoteichos
4774:Pantikapaion
4364:Hybla Heraea
3700:Architecture
3656:Prostitution
3345:Aristophanes
3204:Philosophers
3174:Philosophers
3006:Spartan army
2737:(280–146 BC)
2725:(338–322 BC)
2719:(370–168 BC)
2707:(374–196 BC)
2701:(378–355 BC)
2683:(430–348 BC)
2677:(478–404 BC)
2674:
2671:(499–449 BC)
2358:Peloponnesus
2280:Roman Greece
2137:
2006:
1991:
1975:. Retrieved
1969:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1893:
1889:
1876:
1867:
1839:
1820:
1801:
1782:
1762:
1741:
1721:
1702:
1683:
1674:
1654:
1633:
1594:
1572:
1563:
1562:Thucydides.
1545:
1544:Thucydides.
1539:
1527:
1518:
1517:Thucydides.
1512:
1503:
1502:Thucydides.
1497:
1486:. Retrieved
1482:
1473:
1439:
1415:
1409:
1402:Holland 2005
1381:
1380:Thucydides.
1375:
1362:
1356:
1343:
1342:Thucydides.
1337:
1330:Lazenby 1993
1325:
1318:Holland 2005
1313:
1306:Holland 2005
1301:
1294:Holland 2005
1289:
1282:Holland 2005
1277:
1270:Holland 2005
1265:
1258:Holland 2005
1253:
1246:Holland 2005
1241:
1234:Holland 2005
1229:
1222:Holland 2005
1207:Holland 2005
1202:
1195:Holland 2005
1190:
1181:
1175:
1163:
1156:Holland 2005
1151:
1139:
1130:
1129:Thucydides.
1107:
1095:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:
1033:Zagorin 2009
1028:
1016:
1000:
993:Zagorin 2009
975:
967:
955:
939:
927:
843:
836:
830:
826:
820:
814:
812:
787:
771:
760:
744:
713:
693:
669:
642:
612:
600:
588:Themistocles
557:
540:
525:
507:
492:
480:
461:
436:
413:
401:
397:
389:
366:(modern day
345:
333:Peloponnesus
327:on land and
318:
291:
271:
207:
144:
139:
136:Ionian Greek
109:
90:
62:
60:
5000:Place names
4912:Salmydessus
4734:Kalos Limen
4714:Chersonesus
4704:Borysthenes
4409:Tauromenion
4221:Metapontion
3983:Proto-Greek
3936:Erechtheion
3931:Athena Nike
3893:Philippeion
3722:Mathematics
3693:and science
3576:Agriculture
3440:Stesichorus
3350:Bacchylides
3340:Archilochus
3227:Antisthenes
3217:Anaximander
3189:Seven Sages
3179:Playwrights
3159:Geographers
3154:Astronomers
2981:Pezhetairos
2608: 1100
2588:Federations
2487:Megalopolis
2424:City states
2399:City states
2091:Stoibadeion
1896:: 175–213.
1361:Herodotus.
1180:Herodotus.
1100:Martin 2000
1088:Martin 2000
1073:12 February
1048:Martin 2000
1005:Rhodes 2006
948:Martin 2000
763:Mytilenians
758:broke out.
464:Cimon/Kimon
393:Leotychidas
325:Thermopylae
239:Aristagoras
132:city-states
116:Greek world
5072:Categories
4902:Polemonion
4779:Phanagoria
4749:Kimmerikon
4744:Kerkinitis
4729:Hermonassa
4719:Dioscurias
4615:Aspalathos
4562:Kalathousa
4537:Akra Leuke
4466:Phoenicusa
4251:Scylletium
4236:Poseidonia
4156:Brentesion
4043:Pamphylian
4038:Macedonian
3956:Samothrace
3941:Hephaestus
3888:Long Walls
3867:Structures
3808:Underworld
3754:Technology
3717:Literature
3651:Philosophy
3616:Euergetism
3505:By culture
3450:Thucydides
3292:Pythagoras
3287:Protagoras
3277:Parmenides
3262:Heraclitus
3247:Empedocles
3237:Democritus
3222:Anaximenes
3212:Anaxagoras
3164:Historians
2657: 595
2644: 550
2625: 800
2610: – c.
2538:Cappadocia
2343:Ionian Sea
2333:Hellespont
2298:Aegean Sea
1992:Livius.org
1977:15 January
1532:Brand 2020
1488:2021-12-04
1416:Aristeides
1414:Plutarch.
1144:Engen 2010
1112:Keuls 1993
920:References
816:kleruchiai
592:Long Walls
560:ostracized
528:Amphipolis
487:Thucydides
329:Artemisium
243:expedition
210:Asia Minor
178:Background
4988:in Epirus
4937:Trapezous
4882:Mesambria
4867:Eupatoria
4837:Apollonia
4832:Anchialos
4794:Theodosia
4764:Nymphaion
4754:Myrmekion
4724:Gorgippia
4680:Black Sea
4665:Tragurion
4650:Nymphaion
4635:Epidauros
4630:Epidamnos
4620:Apollonia
4597:Zacynthos
4519:Ptolemais
4513:Apollonia
4486:Cyrenaica
4476:Therassía
4471:Strongyle
4451:Ereikousa
4374:Leontinoi
4314:Apollonia
4191:Hipponion
3988:Mycenaean
3951:Parthenon
3883:Lion Gate
3786:Mythology
3749:Sculpture
3712:Astronomy
3646:Pederasty
3621:Festivals
3606:Education
3486:Lawgivers
3455:Timocreon
3435:Sophocles
3430:Simonides
3405:Philocles
3400:Panyassis
3395:Mimnermus
3360:Herodotus
3355:Euripides
3325:Aeschylus
3272:Leucippus
3232:Aristotle
3011:Strategos
2877:Synedrion
2831:Ostracism
2811:Areopagus
2763:Free city
2558:Macedonia
2442:Byzantion
2348:Macedonia
2313:Cyrenaica
2290:Geography
2224:Geography
2054:Landmarks
1367:9.114–115
1168:Fine 1983
1009:Artz 2008
976:symmachia
832:archontes
827:episkopoi
736:Myronides
681:ostracism
661:Megabyzus
653:Amyrtaeus
619:Acropolis
615:Parthenon
564:Ephialtes
543:Aristides
499:Rebellion
417:Aristides
378:Formation
372:Pausanias
364:Byzantion
216:, by the
148:of Thasos
128:Anatolian
92:symmachia
5037:Category
5015:Theatres
4942:Tripolis
4877:Kerasous
4872:Heraclea
4804:Tyritake
4759:Nikonion
4670:Thronion
4592:Salauris
4547:Emporion
4504:Berenice
4494:Balagrae
4446:Euonymos
4419:Tyndaris
4404:Syracuse
4399:Selinous
4369:Kamarina
4324:Casmenae
4309:Akrillai
4226:Neápolis
4161:Caulonia
4142:Mainland
4073:Linear B
4068:Linear A
3998:Dialects
3975:Language
3769:Religion
3727:Medicine
3661:Religion
3626:Folklore
3611:Emporium
3586:Clothing
3581:Calendar
3465:Xenophon
3460:Tyrtaeus
3445:Theognis
3420:Polybius
3415:Plutarch
3390:Menander
3370:Hipponax
3297:Socrates
3252:Epicurus
3098:Diadochi
2996:Sciritae
2956:Hetairoi
2931:Ballista
2896:Military
2859:Gerousia
2849:Ekklesia
2816:Ecclesia
2798:Athenian
2746:Politics
2659:–279 BC)
2646:–366 BC)
2627:–389 BC)
2563:Pergamon
2533:Bithynia
2526:Kingdoms
2467:Pergamon
2409:Military
2404:Politics
2201:Timeline
1920:(2012).
1621:Archived
1548:. 1.100.
853:See also
822:proxenoi
607:Plutarch
603:Pericles
572:Thessaly
548:hegemony
483:hegemony
468:Karystos
440:Mytilene
421:Plutarch
368:Istanbul
314:Xerxes I
304:and the
160:Lysander
152:Pericles
126:and the
71:hegemony
5057:Outline
5010:Temples
4947:Zaliche
4927:Thèrmae
4917:Sesamus
4887:Odessos
4862:Cytorus
4857:Cotyora
4607:Illyria
4572:Mainake
4567:Kypsela
4456:Hycesia
4414:Thermae
4394:Segesta
4384:Messana
4339:Helorus
4319:Calacte
4299:Akragas
4261:Sybaris
4246:Rhegion
4201:Krimisa
4151:Alision
4060:Writing
4033:Locrian
4023:Epirote
3993:Homeric
3926:Artemis
3913:Temples
3854:Olympia
3824:Eleusis
3759:Theatre
3744:Pottery
3671:Warfare
3666:Slavery
3601:Economy
3596:Cuisine
3591:Coinage
3568:Society
3553:Culture
3548:Society
3496:Tyrants
3335:Alcaeus
3317:Authors
3267:Hypatia
3257:Gorgias
3194:Writers
3016:Toxotai
2986:Sarissa
2976:Peltast
2971:Phalanx
2951:Hoplite
2946:Hippeis
2869:Macedon
2841:Spartan
2826:Heliaia
2773:Proxeny
2482:Larissa
2477:Kerkyra
2472:Eretria
2462:Miletus
2457:Ephesus
2452:Corinth
2447:Chalcis
2368:Taurica
2238:Periods
2219:History
2126:Related
2071:Cynthus
1586:Sources
1521:. 1.99.
1506:. 1.98.
1384:. 1.95.
1184:. 5.37.
1133:. 1.96.
793:, only
724:Boeotia
617:on the
596:Piraeus
466:forced
427:Members
302:Macedon
278:Eretria
264:Owl of
235:Miletus
231:clients
164:Spartan
5047:Portal
4995:People
4983:Cities
4922:Sinope
4907:Rhizos
4897:Phasis
4847:Bathus
4842:Athina
4827:Amisos
4789:Tanais
4784:Pityus
4709:Charax
4660:Pharos
4655:Orikon
4552:Helike
4542:Alonis
4509:Cyrene
4441:Didyme
4354:Himera
4329:Catana
4291:Sicily
4281:Thurii
4276:Terina
4241:Pixous
4196:Hydrus
4171:Croton
4003:Aeolic
3921:Aphaea
3844:Dodona
3829:Delphi
3798:Temple
3474:Others
3425:Sappho
3410:Pindar
3385:Lucian
3380:Ibycus
3365:Hesiod
3302:Thales
3070:Rulers
3049:People
3026:Xyston
3021:Xiphos
2882:Koinon
2788:Tyrant
2778:Stasis
2768:Koinon
2568:Pontus
2543:Epirus
2512:Sparta
2502:Rhodes
2497:Megara
2492:Thebes
2437:Athens
2363:Pontus
2328:Epirus
2318:Cyprus
2303:Aeolis
2105:People
1910:310927
1908:
1846:
1827:
1808:
1789:
1770:
1749:
1728:
1709:
1690:
1662:
1641:
1601:
1566:. 101.
1446:
799:Lesbos
767:Lesbos
751:Euboea
728:Thebes
720:Aegina
714:Soon,
685:Citium
673:Cyprus
665:Cyrene
657:Cyprus
649:Inaros
576:Megara
532:Thasos
516:Thasos
476:Skyros
472:Euboea
360:Sestos
298:Thrace
282:Sardis
274:Athens
266:Athena
251:Aeolis
226:tyrant
194:Lesbos
162:, the
124:Aegean
112:Sparta
110:While
105:Apollo
75:Athens
40:Delyan
5005:Stoae
4973:Lists
4892:Oinòe
4815:coast
4813:South
4799:Tyras
4769:Olbia
4739:Kepoi
4692:coast
4690:North
4683:basin
4625:Aulon
4587:Rhode
4499:Barca
4389:Naxos
4344:Henna
4304:Akrai
4271:Taras
4256:Siris
4216:Medma
4211:Locri
4176:Cumae
4166:Chone
4144:Italy
4050:Koine
4028:Ionic
4018:Doric
4013:Attic
3834:Delos
3732:Music
3375:Homer
3330:Aesop
3282:Plato
3184:Poets
2854:Ephor
2806:Agora
2783:Tagus
2758:Boule
2507:Samos
2432:Argos
2338:Ionia
2323:Doris
2308:Crete
2133:Delia
2112:Anius
2047:Delos
1906:JSTOR
1624:(PDF)
1617:(PDF)
1418:. 26.
808:Ionia
795:Chios
774:Melos
677:Cimon
645:Egypt
568:Argos
536:helot
510:Naxos
504:Naxos
444:Melos
408:Delos
247:Doris
214:Ionia
202:Samos
198:Chios
101:Delos
73:) of
4932:Tium
4699:Akra
4640:Issa
4334:Gela
4206:Laüs
4181:Elea
3839:Dion
3691:Arts
3681:Wine
3307:Zeno
2904:Wars
1979:2021
1844:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1806:ISBN
1787:ISBN
1768:ISBN
1747:ISBN
1726:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1639:ISBN
1599:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1348:1.89
1075:2024
829:and
797:and
651:and
570:and
442:and
276:and
249:and
200:and
61:The
3636:Law
1898:doi
780:).
470:in
220:of
5074::
2654:c.
2641:c.
2622:c.
2605:c.
2005:.
1990:.
1968:.
1904:.
1894:51
1892:.
1888:.
1554:^
1481:.
1458:^
1424:^
1390:^
1365:.
1346:.
1214:^
1119:^
1066:.
1055:^
1040:^
983:^
691:.
574:.
550:.
316:.
300:,
296:,
257:.
237:,
196:,
174:.
4515:)
4511:(
2652:(
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