29:
399:(whose debts he paid) dedicated his 2nd piano concerto to him out of gratitude. He was also seen as an eccentric, with a penchant for shocking or provocative appearances. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe described him as "pleasant and distasteful at the same time" and noted: "I can not complain about him, but it was always a nervous matter accepting an invitation to his table, as one could not predict which of the guests of honour he might decide on a whim to treat mercilessly". His tendency towards transvestism is characteristic: he liked to appear in women's clothing and thereby shock the court of Gotha. The well-known painter
417:. This is a pastoral idyll, set in ancient Greece, in which several couples fall in love, overcome various obstacles and live happily ever after. It is unique in that one of the couples is homosexual and their love affair is treated no differently from that of any of the others. This is perhaps the first novel since antiquity in which same-sex love is so treated. A man of great culture, Augustus was also in correspondence with
519:
request to be able to keep the fine cup as a souvenir, however, was denied by the Duke. To the
Emperor's stern question as to why this was not possible, Augustus replied that he would rather give him his duchy. For the great French Emperor had just drunk from this very cup, and he, Augustus, would in future hold it in honour like a rare antique. Napoleon showed himself very flattered by this.
512:"At the Congress of Erfurt in 1808, Napoleon sat opposite the Duke at dinner, and as the latter ate little or nothing, Napoleon asked him why he was not eating anything, whereupon the latter gallantly replied: 'I am nourishing myself from the rays of the sun, which now shines at me.' To Napoleon's question, how big his country was, he responded: 'Sire, as big as your Majesty orders."
501:. They had no children, and became estranged soon after marrying, because "their mutual points of view about life are completely different". Appearances together in public became rare after 1810, and after 1813 Karoline Amalie no longer lived at Schloss Friedenstein with Augustus, but at Schloss Friedrichsthal.
446:
as Duke, Augustus was buried on an island in the lake of the
Schlosspark on a crypt specially decorated for him, and where his second wife Karoline Amalie was also buried in 1848. Like the other graves of the Duke's family, his tomb is not marked with any monument. The simple floral oval, which once
518:
On the way to the
Congress of Erfurt, Napoleon made a stop in 1808 at the Friedenstein. In conversation with Duke Augustus the Emperor asked for a cup of hot chocolate. This was brought to him by the Duke himself, with the remark that this cup had been made in his own porcelain factory. Napoleon's
383:
From 1811 to 1813 the Duke celebrated
Napoleon's birthday on 15 August with a gala reception at Schloss Friedenstein. In 1807 he had acquired one of Napoleon's bicorn hats from his servant Louis Constant Wairy, which is displayed to this day at Friedenstein. On Napoleon's visit on 23 July 1807,
403:, who was at the court of Gotha in the winter of 1811 to paint the Duke's family, described him as the "greatest original of his time," whose appearance had something "lady-like" about it. He also had a preference for dancing, wearing silk socks and feminine clothes. He called himself "
320:. In 1779, the death of his older brother Ernst made him heir to the duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. In his youth he was very well educated, and his environment—sympathetic to the Jacobins—impressed on him the ideals of freedom, equality and fraternity.
384:
Augustus gave the French
Emperor an extravagant black carriage, which Napoleon however declined to use, due to its similarity with a death's head. Augustus' Napoleon obsession peaked when he built a Napoleon room in
438:
in aristocratic and diplomatic circles, and was likewise unpopular with the nationalist-inclined public. He died on 17 May 1822 in Gotha. The circumstances of his sudden death after a brief illness are unclear.
392:, which he had designed personally — still a highlight of the museum today. The room's ceiling shows a starry sky with sun and moon, while the sun shows features of Napoleon, and the moon shows Augustus' face.
340:
in 1806. When the French Army marched into his duchy in this year, Augustus remained in Gotha and thus prevented a potential escalation. He also stood up for the imprisoned critical journalist
209:
494:
Duchess Louise
Charlotte died on 4 January 1801, two weeks after giving birth to Louise. Fifteen months later, on 24 April 1802, Augustus married in
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marked the tomb, has not been recognisable for decades, and thus the exact burial location of the couple is unknown.
373:
14 October 1808 (return from the
Congress of Erfurt, stop at Schloss Friedrichsthal and brief meeting with Augustus)
363:. The following visits by Napoleon to the town (some of them very short) and meetings with Duke Augustus are known:
487:
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50:
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27 September 1808 (on the way to the
Congress of Erfurt, meeting with the Duke and dinner at the Schloss)
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359:, visited the Duke several times in Gotha as a sign of his appreciation, but never stayed the night at
337:
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25 October 1813 (return from Russia, overnight stay at the inn Zum Mohren, no meeting with
Augustus).
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Augustus was known as a patron and collector of art, but had an aversion to hunting or riding.
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470:(b. Gotha, 21 December 1800 – d. Paris, 30 August 1831). She married firstly on 31 July 1817
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239:
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8:
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After
Napoleon's final defeat at Waterloo, and the Vienna Congress, Augustus became a
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1187:
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204:
109:
39:
486:, and through him, Augustus is the ancestor of all British monarchs beginning with
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when he succeeded his father in 1804, which proved to be an advantage during the
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Der herzogliche Park zu Gotha von seiner Entstehung bis auf die jetzige Zeit
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23 July 1807 (reception at the Schloss and lunch with the Duke and Duchess)
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101:
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in his literary works. In 1805 he published anonymously the poetic novel
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418:
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Napoleon Bonaparte, who always started his letters to Augustus with
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15 December 1812 (on the way to Russia, no meeting with Augustus)
234:
495:
478:, created count von Pölzig. Louise was to become the mother of
288:, and the author of one of the first modern novels to treat of
344:
and persuaded the military commander to swiftly set him free.
474:, but they divorced in 1826; secondly, on 18 October 1826
407:" among his friends. There are references to a possible
1116:
Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures
468:
Louise Dorothea Pauline Charlotte Fredericka Auguste
531:
Ancestors of Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1110:Haggerty, George; Zimmerman, Bonnie, eds. (2000).
490:, and of numerous reigning monarchs across Europe.
1290:The Life of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort
1240:(1805; reprint Berlin 1985 with biographic info.)
1109:
1372:
156:Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1072:
1070:
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944:Princess Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal
1143:Geschichte der Regenten des gothaischen Landes
1137:
1135:
1105:
1103:
1221:The wives of the rulers of the Duchy of Gotha
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1047:The Gentleman's Magazine (January—June 1822)
856:Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
459:on 21 October 1797 Augustus married firstly
354:
348:
1132:
1100:
614:Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst
582:Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
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918:Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal
556:Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
284:) (23 November 1772 — 17 May 1822), was a
27:
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702:Princess Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen
308:Augustus was born on 23 November 1772 in
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461:Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
181:Princess Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
1312:Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
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974:15. Caroline Christine of Saxe-Eisenach
640:Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
170: 1797; died 1801)
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734:Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
676:Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
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545:
541:
450:
314:Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
292:. He was the maternal grandfather of
278:Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
250:Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
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882:Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen
824:Anton Ulrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
328:Augustus was already a supporter of
318:Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen
210:Louise, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
13:
1236:August, Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha,
1230:
1078:"Obituary: The Duke of Saxe Gotha"
1043:"Obituary: The Duke of Saxe Gotha"
798:Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
463:. They had one child, a daughter:
336:. Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg joined the
14:
1417:
1391:People from Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1238:Kyllenion Ein Jahr in Arkadien
1217:Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
499:Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
192:
167:
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1:
1406:Dukes of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1401:House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1021:
303:
125:Gotha, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg,
1353:Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1186:, Eurohistory, 2013, p. 19.
1155:S Bedd als Sarch (in German)
504:
472:Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg
414:A Year in Arcadia: Kyllenion
286:Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
51:Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
7:
522:
480:Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
260:Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen
60:20 April 1804 – 17 May 1822
10:
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1257:Cambridge University Press
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1049:. Vol. 92. London:
342:Rudolph Zacharias Becker
323:
1084:. Vol. 1. London:
401:Caroline Louise Seidler
16:German duke (1772–1822)
1294:Smith, Elder & Co.
1223:, Gotha, 1890, p. 142.
476:Alexander von Hanstein
434:
355:
349:
1184:The Coburgs of Europe
1145:, Gotha 1868, p. 449.
1253:Carl Maria Von Weber
1249:"Travels: 1811-1813"
1206:, Gotha 1849, p. 14.
1051:John Nichols and Son
397:Carl Maria von Weber
353:and ended them with
312:, the second son of
240:Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
127:German Confederation
106:Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1182:BĂ©eche, Arturo E.,
1112:"German Literature"
1088:. 1822. p. 285
1082:The Inquirer (1822)
1053:. 1822. p. 641
451:Marriages and issue
386:Friedenstein Palace
361:Friedenstein Castle
282:Emil Leopold August
225:Emil Leopold August
138:Friedenstein Castle
1160:2014-10-06 at the
330:Napoleon Bonaparte
1369:
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1360:Succeeded by
1192:978-0-9854603-3-4
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435:persona non grata
427:Bettina von Arnim
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1259:. p. 137.
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1231:Further reading
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1363:Frederick IV
1351:
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1289:
1286:"Appendix A"
1270:. Retrieved
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1215:Max Berbig:
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1203:
1198:
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390:Empire style
382:
356:votre cousin
346:
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307:
281:
280:(full name:
277:
276:
121:(1822-05-17)
79:Frederick IV
33:Portrait by
1386:1822 deaths
1381:1772 births
1332:27 May 1822
1299:February 3,
1272:February 3,
1092:February 3,
1057:February 3,
457:Ludwigslust
270:Lutheranism
119:17 May 1822
65:Predecessor
38: [
35:Ludwig Döll
1375:Categories
1357:1804–1822
1297:Retrieved
1292:. London:
1022:References
488:Edward VII
350:mon cousin
304:Early life
95:1772-11-23
1346:Ernest II
505:Anecdotes
444:Frederick
419:Jean Paul
75:Successor
1284:(1875).
1247:(1976).
1158:Archived
523:Ancestry
266:Religion
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133:Burial
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1323:Born:
324:Reign
310:Gotha
235:House
220:Names
205:Issue
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1301:2015
1274:2015
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