Max Auschnitt - Knowledge

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longer invited to Lupescu's poker evenings. On August 18, he resigned from the UDR, citing no explicit reason. The pretext was offered by his alleged conflict of interest: Auschnitt was claimed to have tampered with a signed UDR contract in order to obtain state compensation for TNC budgetary losses. Auschnitt is cited by Argetoianu as emotionally shaken by the interpretation of facts, openly denying that the document in question was ever modified. The diarist notes that Urdăreanu, who "has a nose for these things", had come to openly disrespect Auschnitt long before heading the investigation at Reșița. This issue is attested in other records, which, Scurtu notes, show Urdăreanu constantly engaged in undermining Auschnitt's reputation. Pandrea reports that Livia Auschnitt once insulted Urdăreanu, who enjoyed Lupescu's protection.

1268: 1938: 1192:; the antisemitic legislation, passed in 1937, was tightened and extended. This regime also formalized Carol's growing disdain for Auschnitt, which reportedly began when Livia refused Carol's sexual advances, or when Lupescu grew jealous that she would not. Pandrea alleges that "the Transylvanian tease Pordea" was publicly known as Carol's second mistress, and tolerated as such by Lupescu. He believes that the conflict between Malaxa and Auschnitt exploded when Malaxa's young daughter, seduced by Carol, came to usurp Livia's role at the court. Auschnitt himself was notoriously unfaithful to his wife, spending his money on sexual escapades in Vienna. 1338:

on the border. Argetoianu partly backs this rumor, by relaying a story allegedly told by Iamandi, according to which Auschnitt agreed to cede his stock if promised immunity from prosecution. His proposal, Argetoianu notes, was simply denied. Though selected by Carol to serve as prime minister during the same interval, Argetoianu still viewed the affair as a settling of scores, and asked not to be involved on either side. With Auschnitt's taking into police custody on the evening of November 8, the censorship office was instructed to allow the publication of "any reportage that would detail the reasons behind arrest." As he was being relocated to

1794:, but reassured Schuyler that he was prepared to leave the country at a moment's notice. His offices on Câmpineanu Street was frequented by British spies Archibald Gibson and Ted Masterson, both of whom were also Freemasons; Auschnitt allegedly informed them on the state of Romania's economy. In a November 1945 interview with Mark Foster Ethridge, he spoke about the communists' zeal and incompetence as being responsible for the massive inflation. He also contended that industrial workers and peasants, wishing to be left alone, had turned virulently anti-communist. He claimed to have personally solved a labor dispute at 1138:, Auschnitt became a Senate candidate for the PNȚ. As noted by Argetoianu, the Iron Guard believed that Auschnitt was maneuvering to set up a new government team under Mihalache, which greatly enraged Codreanu and his followers; however, the allegation was dismissed by Edgar, according to whom Max was "not up to anything". Eventually, Auschnitt retook a Senate seat in Romania's 1937 legislature. During the conflicts of that year, the Iron Guard reportedly threw an explosive device at the Aleea Alexandru villa; after this incident, Auschnitt dispatched Steve to safety in England. 42: 2036:. According to Pandrea, Auschnitt had purchased Vișoianu's services, preventing him from returning to Romania, and was using "such political beggars" for personal gain. As seen by Pandrea, "Max I is the real king, having formed his own tiny court in New York." The connection was seen as scandalous by Rădescu's League of Free Romanians. Its sources indicated that there was reason to view Auschnitt as a liability, since he had been "recently implicated in a scandal with loose women." Edgar was also noted for picking up girls from 851: 838:, who were Auschnitt's rivals at the court. Several Guardists have independently confirmed that Auschnitt advanced sizable contributions to their cause over an unspecified period—though, as noted by historian Roland Clark, these merely showed that he wanted his business protected from harm. The conflict between Codreanu and Auschnitt was finally resumed in 1934, when the Guard's press referred to "Max Auschnitt the kike", "national bloodsucker", as the power behind the throne. This notion was also embraced by the 1985:, where he acquired American citizenship, though he continued to send money to Livia and his child by her. Malaxa also headed for America, but Auschnitt repeatedly sought to prevent him from settling there. As part of this conflict, he directed a press campaign which alleged that Malaxa was a communist asset. The press he sponsored overstated Malaxa's links with the Iron Guard, including unsubstantiated charges that Malaxa's home had been a mass-murder hub for the 1470:. Despite further outrage from such circles, Antonescu's courts commuted Auschnitt's sentence into forced labor at the TNC, meaning that he was effectively on parole. In October 1941, Auschnitt had offered to donate his share of the TNC to a state company. His proposal caused much embarrassment for Antonescu's ministers, since accepting under the circumstances would have looked like their blackmailing a prisoner. Antonescu himself intervened to chide Orghidan and 863: 823:, fearing for his life, messaged Auschnitt the warning: "If you don't find a way to save me, you'll be bumped off next." According to this account, Auschnitt and Lupescu, by then a royal mistress, hid Codreanu from the authorities, and also negotiated a truce; Waldeck also claims that Auschnitt and Malaxa agreed to finance the Iron Guard, thus ensuring its political survival into the post-Duca era. The allegation was also publicized by 734:, and would therefore oppose any reduction of their profit margin. During the subsequent electoral race, the same daily hosted allegations that he and Malaxa, who also ran in the elections with government support, were financially backed by the UDR; according to this source, Auschnitt had personally diverted 10 million lei from the salary fund, and was using it in the campaign. Balance sheets released in mid-1932, at the height of the 1925:, the communist party organ, depicted Popp and Auschnitt as "common criminals who, for years on end, have been robbing and demeaning thousands of working men and women, exploiting the blood out of them." Although Auschnitt was the richest among alleged conspirators, and therefore "afforded great attention by prosecutors", his name was not included on the spurious list of would-be coup leaders. He was also the only 1775: 842:(FR), a far-right dissidence of the PNȚ, whose newspapers claimed that "the kike Max Auschnit" had steadily raised the price of iron after 1930. As Damian argued: "He, the Jew from Galicia, determined whether of not the Romanian peasant deserved to own a plow . He dictated the price of nails, of corrugation, of iron, or heating stoves, of gutter pipes, of anything iron-related". 1479:, reported capital gains of 37.8 million lei obtained from the Auschnitt and CEPI transactions. Meanwhile, operating through the Cisatlantic and Cisoceanic consortia, Edgar was able to purchase an interest in the Romanian munitions manufacturer, IRMC. He finally moved to the United States in early 1942. Here, a forge equipment he had ordered in 1939 was confiscated by the 1523:, and may have contributed to the halting of all such transports. Auschnitt also partnered with Arthur Tester, whom he himself described as "naturally an anti-Semite, but a civilized one"; Tester organized transports of Romanian Jews to Palestine in exchange for Auschnitt's cash. Auschnitt donated for a "makeshift healthcare center" at the Jewish labor camp in 2011:, the two wings reached an agreement in May 1949, but again quarreled and split up in December 1950. During the subsequent row, Rădescu opened a civil lawsuit against members of Michael's retinue, alleging that, on Auschnitt's orders, they had dilapidated 3 million Swiss francs from the RNC's pool. In parallel, the RNC successfully called in the 2149:. Pordea took his accusers to court, and the claim was dropped once Pacepa refused to testify. Zamfirescu, who appeared as a witness, argues that the case was also harmed by a technicality: since journalist Agathe Lojard had called Pordea a spy, under French law she needed to prove that he had actually stolen military or economic secrets. 690:, thrived on government contracts. As noted by economic historian Horațiu Dan, these figures "prospered strictly from contracts involving the state." Similarly, historian Ioan Scurtu mentions the "huge profits" collected by Auschnitt and Malaxa from such ventures, and how these were shared with Carol and his courtiers, including 1458:, as Romania remained closely aligned with Germany. In April, Livia obtained that the seal be lifted on her Bucharest home, but the regime used this occasion to inspect the premises. Prosecutors reportedly found a trove of foreign currency, which they confiscated, preparing to have Max Auschnitt placed on trial for tax evasion. 1723:, whom he advised to recruit economic experts from outside the PCR. According to Auschnitt's own data, the Soviet state took over 30% of UDR shares as part of the reparations plan, their assistance actually preventing the factories from going bankrupt. He and Malaxa were considered for a partnership in the forestry 1405:

D. Dumitrescu publicized a full record of illegal deals involving Malaxa (who had left the country on an extended leave), but Carol ordered Marinescu not to follow up on this lead. On March 14, Auschnitt was sentenced to a six-year term in labor camps, and ordered to pay back 200 million lei (approximately 140,000

1817:, who served as Romanian ambassador to the US, and whom he mistakenly identified as an anti-communist, with a plan to sabotage Romania's maize production; when his offer was rejected, Auschnitt "tried to demoralize Ralea, telling him that he held information that Ralea was viewed with suspicion by the Soviets." 888:, whom he was set to marry in September 1933. The wedding was called off, allegedly because Lenore favored another lover. Auschnitt remained noted for his escapades with film stars and high-society ladies, before finally marrying Livia Pordea (also rendered as Prodea or Pordeanu), from a political family of 1404:

men prosecuted for their alleged misdeeds. As noted by researcher George Enache, the affair showed the power that of Romanian secret services had in influencing legal procedures, especially so since Malaxa, whose name had been cited in similar allegations, was never convicted. In February 1940, an I.

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A "public enemy number 1", Auschnitt was also expected to relinquish his UDR shares. According to one account, he agreed to sell only if he was guaranteed immunity from prosecution and allowed to settle in France, where Livia had already relocated. A deal was reached, but Auschnitt was still arrested

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by "sacrificing his own kikes". The interpretation is partly backed by sociologist Mictat Gârlan, according to whom "Max Auschnitt, a man close to the Royal House", was arrested "only because he was Jewish." The disgraced courtier kept in his desk a document showing that Carol was fully responsible

1880:; one of the readers approached him to ask: "Aușnit is a Jew, and so are you. Does this mean that you Jews also fight with each other?"; Schwartz responded in writing, arguing that Auschnitt sided with the "capitalist Jews", engaged in class struggle with the proletarians—Romanians and Jews alike. 1706:

took over as prime minister, noting with alarm that Auschnitt had resumed his conflict with Malaxa, to the point of paralyzing Romania's transport industry. That same month, when he founded a Swiss Balkan Finance and Trading Company, Auschnitt was registered as residing on Câmpineanu Street, 2. He

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would commence "the purge" of Romanian industry. On November 14, the authorities raided TNC offices, arresting general manager Constantin Naghi and four other directors who, they claimed, were "controlled by Aușnit". They also detained an unnamed witness, whose testimony allowed them to recover 10

1377:, allegedly pursuing an affair with Kurt von Haugwitz-Reventlow. Argetoianu assesses that Auschnitt's imprisonment had by then brought a great surge in the king's popularity, since the public, especially the "nationalist and antisemitic circles", could now believe that the tide was turning on his 1828:

precisely because he could then escape, together with his "many children". Sources differ as to where his brother-in-law was living at the time. A report by the Soviet spy S. Pivovarov, issued in June 1947, claims that Auschnitt "has been in the US for over a year", and that, with Malaxa, he was

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in 1943–1944, Max Auschnitt had spent some time there, and had been allowed to refurbish a bathroom, which became the communal laundry room. Antonescu was lenient toward Auschnitt, dispatching him to a sanitarium, but also continued to enforce and enhance antisemitic laws. Such policies remained

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In July, Carol shelved the plan for an Anglo–Franco–Romanian joint venture, reportedly objecting that its two would-be managers, Auschnitt and Oskar Kaufmann, were Jewish. Later that month, Orghidan, who was seen as "Auschnit's man", was voted off the UDR board. Soon after this, Auschnitt was no

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that he and his colleagues had been liberated from being "exploited by Auschnitt and other bandits". Auschnitt's entire estate had by then been confiscated, and the villa on Aleea Alexandru was assigned to Groza, who lived there for the rest of his life; it later housed the Argentinian Embassy.

1235:, who had once served as Auschnitt's employee, attempted to engineer a government reshuffle and steer Romania back into the anti-German camp. Auschnitt was often credited as the mastermind behind Tilea's action, though Tilea himself later revealed that he was urged on by people close to Malaxa. 1891:

and conspiracy against the constitutional order, at Bucharest's Military Tribunal. A mandate was issued for his arrest, but he could not be located. Auschnitt's defection happened just before he could be implicated in a show trial against engineer Popp, himself accused of having masterminded a

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Auschnitt's first marriage was to a Jewish woman, Nelly, who in March 1924 gave birth to a son, later known as Steve Aușnit. Her father, the banker Arnold Aronovici, cemented Auschnitt's links with British capital, and allegedly plotted with him to bring in a small British firm, Stewart &

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After his departure, Max Auschnitt was mentioned in the 1954 show trial of Pătrășcanu, whom the communist leadership now identified as an enemy of the regime; his "trusted man" inside the Communist Party, Samuel Margulies, was brought in as a celebrity witness for the prosecution. The exiled

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Auschnitt was secretly backing Rădescu's coalition against the rising PCR, who wanted Groza as prime minister. In early 1945, the two rival camps clashed in the streets of Bucharest, leading to a communist takeover. As reported by Pandrea, Auschnitt unsuccessfully supported an anti-communist

1499:. This stipend of 6,000 British pounds was Gafencu's main source of revenue in 1943. During August 1942, Antonescu was informed that the UDR management was running a 16-bed clinic for its 11,000 employees, and gave orders to remedy this situation. In recounting the episode, Gelu Vifor of 1461:

In December 1941, Antonescu noted of Auschnitt: "once a kike, always a kike". He openly acknowledged that Auschnitt was in fact innocent of any crime, and favored allowing him to leave Romania if he would transfer all his property to the state; this attempt was foiled by protests from

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for his investments in that city's industry, which include a freight terminal. In mid-2001, controversy erupted in Reșița after the Auschnitt and Malaxa families filed notices with the city hall, demanding the return of confiscated assets. Together with his brother Robert, Steve sued

1727:(Soviet–Romanian joint venture), until Groza vetoed the proposal. Auschnitt, who expressed his disdain for SovRoms and for Malaxa's willingness to participate in them, had recovered some of his UDR stock. He was still prevented from reusing his villa, which was requisitioned by the 1558:, who became close friends with the industrialist. Upon release, the latter began financing the underground movement, which now intended to topple Antonescu. His donations, formally presented as humanitarian contributions for jailed militants, reached Pătrășcanu through PCR proxies 907:. Respecting the wishes of his in-laws, Auschnitt abandoned Judaism and converted to Catholicism. Reputedly, the issue of his conversion only served to enrage his Guardist adversaries. It also caused a polemic in religious circles, sparked by the observation that the Pordeas were 1694:, which included minute details on communist networks active in Romania. Signaling his anticipation of a communist takeover, Auschnitt "mapped out a plan of action", including the creation of a pro-capitalist "information service within the workers' world". In September, the 4426: 1575:

was working on the case, insisting that Nazi spies were to prevent Auschnitt from leaving Romania. During the early months of 1944, Auschnitt was reportedly allowed access into the Ministry of National Economy, alongside Orghidan. He was allegedly spotted there by jurist

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proclaimed that the trial had exposed Romanian capitalists for colluding against the Soviet Union and "our democratic regime's economy". This, Luca inferred, made Romanian–Soviet economic cooperation all the more imperative. In July 1952, a UDR trade unionist wrote in

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for stalling. In January 1942, Auschnitt sorted the issue by appointing Orghidan as caretaker of his estate, which allowed for TNC stock to be issued and bought by the state using Auschnitt's money. In May 1943, the UDR, managed at the time by Göring and physicist

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Eventually, Antonescu's review of previous court verdicts reached Auschnitt's case. Unusually for a Jew in that context, he was cleared of the charges and released on July 3, 1942. Around that time, Auschnitt managed to transfer money from his accounts with the

2297: 340:. Such behavior drew negative attention to his businesses, particularly since Auschnitt used his political connections to secure Romanian state contracts, on which his fortune largely rested. His alleged corruption, along with his ethnicity and his publicized 1038:. Auschnitt had remained discreetly involved in political life, a sponsor of the least radical nationalist platforms, leading to paradoxes. One such "incongruity" is noted by Pandrea, according to whom the PNȚ used Auschnitt's "recent subsidies" to publish 1177:. In February 1938, Auschnitt announced that he was giving up on politics and moving abroad, sparking alarm that he was going to create chaos by also giving up on his managerial duties. As he explained at the time, he only pondered exile because of Goga's 1329:, which made him a target for retribution. Argetoianu adds speculation that Carol was resentful because his stocks in the Lujani sugar refineries, obtained from Auschnitt, had been subject to litigation; or that the king intended to please 488:, who described the Auschnitts' naturalization as based on "dubious certificates". Known in early records as "Osias Ausschnitt", Max's father had a background in the iron trade. He registered his own import–export firm in the port city of 1690:. Immediately following these events, Auschnitt sent letters home demanding that Antonescu aide Valentin Georgescu face punishment for his wartime activities. He also asked to purchase the archives captured from Antonescu's spy chief, 2126:

of his own make. As argued by Zamfirescu, this precariousness led to his recruitment by Securitate agents, who used him to influence public opinion in favor of Communist Romania. In 1984, he became the first Romanian to serve in the

509:, who was to become his political associate. This is contradicted by other records, which note that Olias had been moved back into Austria-Hungary "shortly after Max's birth", meaning that the latter spent all his childhood years in 521:. Upon regaining Romania, he formed a commercial firm dealing in Austrian sheet-iron imports, and then set up the Kingdom's first wire manufacturing plant. Rumors surfaced that such ventures were being propped up financially by the 1373:, stripped Edgar Auschnitt of his citizenship; Max lost his four days later. Edgar had by then escaped to London, which allowed government to confiscate and redistribute his assets in Romania. Livia, meanwhile, was spotted on the 553:(UDR). According to his own account, he was asked to become full manager of that company in 1929, after stocks had plummeted. He established an empire that included the UDR, as well as smaller factories or mines in such places as 1716: 1242:

Commenting on Max Auschnitt's character in his own diary, Carol surmises: "A Yid is still a Yid, no matter how nice he might be as a man." Urdăreanu allegedly concluded that Auschnitt had also "clogged" the UDR with Jews and

1321:, specifically designed to harm Auschnitt; the latter was being interrogated by prosecutors regarding his UDR contracts. Business rivals where then allowed to engineer a trial against Auschnitt, who was accused of fraud and 1141: 2224: 540:

Economist Nicolae Păvălucă suggests that Max Auschnitt built his personal wealth around the Galați nails factory that was sold to him by Niță Caltofeanu "not long after the first world war". He moved his offices to the

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attempting to channel American funding for Romania's industrial effort. Other accounts suggest that Auschnitt remained in Romania for several years, although being singled out by Groza's government as a sponsor of the

1417:, offering to split his UDR shares between CEPI and Malaxa's companies. This message failed to impress. His UDR stock was confiscated without him being involved. Auschnitt's shares were reportedly split between the 1824:, the Pordeas were actually protected by Groza, who allowed both Gustave and Livia safe passage when their father promised to donate all his assets to the Romanian state. Gustave was sent to an "obscure post" in 1746:, who reassured them that he was only allied with Groza and the PCR until a change of setting would allow him to break away. Resuming his lifestyle, Auschnitt organized a lavish party for New Year's Eve, serving 745:

alleges that Auschnitt had corrupted his old friend Madgearu, who was by then the PNȚ ideologue, ensuring that Madgearu never acted in the interest of Romanian peasants. According to files kept by agents of the

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I. K. Petea, "Controlul importurilor sub regimul negociabilității devizelor. Ordine de preferință pentru materii prime și semi-fabricate.—In ce condițiuni se va putea ocroti producția industrială indigenă", in

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in an attempt to promote Christian anti-fascism. It remains more credibly attested that Auschnitt was by then a sponsor of anti-fascist campaigns in various other newspapers and journals. However, the outlawed

1089:. Prat claimed that Auschnitt sponsored his diplomatic mission, though, as noted by scholar Judith Keene, this too was an attempt by the businessman to appease the Romanian fascists. In August 1937, the FR's 3221: 4779: 970:

the steed Firdussi, which he then presented as a gift for Carol. According to reports by Carol's lawyer George de Berea, Auschnitt and Malaxa met in Lupescu's house for poker matches, using gold coins as

1809:. Also to these sources, the effort was coordinated by American envoys. Alexandru Grigoriu, himself an industrialist and a Mason, noted that Auschnitt personally handled grants for Titel Petrescu and 1357:. He cited his "moral debt" to Auschnitt in an attempt to recuse himself, but Carol insisted that he pursue the investigation, noting that Auschnitt was symptomatic for a "corrupt system", and that a 1900:. Contrarily, historian Lucian Nastasă believes that the prosecutors were correct in describing Auschnitt as a Petrașcu supporter, and also in identifying Auschnitt as the UDR sponsor behind a large 1366:

that Auschnitt had deposited with his former father-in-law, Aronovici. Prosecutors also looked into another issue of conflicting interests, noting that Auschnitt had used CEPI to buy off UDR assets.

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plead for financial assistance, before presenting them with a literal wall of cash, and asking them to pick out a layer of money. His social advancement also raised the profile of Livia's brother,

2063:. According to Căplescu, it remained a "modest enterprise", never matching the success of his earlier ventures in iron and steel. Auschnitt spent the remainder of his life at a luxurious home on 2583: 1929:

defendant at that trial, and was sentenced to life imprisonment "for the crime of high treason" on November 2, 1948 (though believed by some authors to have received a second death sentence).

1538:, to which he transmitted some of Antonescu's earliest offers to the Allies. Antonescu reportedly offered to restore liberal democracy (as well as "social justice"), and also to bring about a 880:; this scheme also involved some in the PNȚ, in particular Madgearu. Nelly died "after brief suffering" on February 16, 1927, aged 26. Max was then engaged to Leonora Brooke, daughter of the 476:

ancestry. A hostile piece by journalist Romulus Damian claims that the Auschnitts, including Max's father Olias, his mother Clara, and his elder brother Edgar, had illegally crossed into the

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was moving away from a position in which it too had accepted Auschnitt's bribes (according to Arghezi, the industrialist only sought out Stancu after this relationship broke down). Ahead of

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journalists commented that the event was in poor taste, at a time when Romania's children were starving; they appealed to Auschnitt's Christianity, asking him to donate more to charities.

1669:, as potential Nazi spies. This referred to their links with Tester, which, Auschnitt convincingly explained, had reaped humanitarian benefits for Romanian Jews. Auschnitt was released at 391:

replacing him as dictator. Despite being antisemitic, this new regime bargained over TNC shares, and finally cleared Auschnitt of all charges in 1942. Once freed, he turned to sponsoring

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Auschnitt confessed being taken by surprise when Carol appointed Goga as Premier, as the king never mentioned his plans to his poker partners. Early in 1937, he and Blank, together with

5771: 4337: 1989:. According to journalist Romulus Căplescu, this allegation was not proffered by Auschnitt ("a decent, common-sense person"), but was rather the product of spontaneous sensationalism. 1227:, as proposed to Carol by the Polish government. From March 1939, Carol directed Romania's political and economic rapprochement with Germany. This move alienated Auschnitt, who feared 2181:

for ownership of his father's TNC, which resulted in some compensation for property lost during the nationalization. He also received back the family villa, but sold it to politician

577:. Auschnitt went on to serve as President of the Banat's General Association of Industry and Vice General of the Union of Industrialists of Romania. Dubbed "iron king" and "Romania's 1893: 643:. A "brainchild of the Aușnit brothers", CEPI also provided security for Vickers' return on investments, which, in Monaco, were "free of currency restrictions and political danger". 432: 1833:. As such, he was briefly detained in 1947. Schuyler finally warned him that his life was in danger, prompting Auschnitt to relocate in France at some point before August 15, 1947. 1840:

suggest that Auschnitt, like Malaxa, successfully persuaded communist ministers to let him leave for the United States as a negotiator of trade deals. The allegation was stated by

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terrorist plot. As noted by memoirist Aurel Savin, the "judicial fabrication" was visible from the list of defendants, which included Auschnitt, a Jew, alongside the Iron Guard's

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was particularly at fault for the gaffe. In August 1948, Auschnitt was included on a list of exiles who were stripped of their Romanian citizenship—alongside Lupescu, Mociornița,

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renewed their commitment to defending Poland from Nazi encroachment. Historian R. P. T. Davenport-Hines suggests that Auschnitt may have been responsible for strengthening the

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Emanuel Constantin Antoche, Matei Cazacu, "John Eppler, spionul Abwehr-ului, petrolul românesc și planurile de anexare a Basarabiei de către sovietici în anii 1939–1940", in

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that same day, Argetoianu read his grounds for indictment and concluded that his friend was not in fact innocent, though the trial he faced was likely to be unfair. Writer

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from Iron Guard cooperatives, as a means to disguise his purchase of influence. However, protection remained uncertain: according to one report, an associate of the Guard,

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on June 15, 1944, also transported businessmen Alexandru Racotă and Radu Hurmuzescu. In British records, their group was code-named "Yardam", and Auschnitt was "Cocoon".

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Richard Peter Treadwell Davenport-Hines, "Vickers' Balkan Conscience: Aspects of Anglo–Romanian Armaments, 1918–39", in Richard Peter Treadwell Davenport-Hines (ed.),

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at the Credit Bank, from which they drew a profit of 6 million lei between them. Their momentary success was offset by Edgar Auschnitt, who lost 3 million lei playing

5340: 1346:, who covered the trial as a young reporter, contrarily noted that Auschnitt was not guilty, and that his "concise", "hard-hitting" self-defense was proof in itself. 2522: 1577: 834:

According to historian Grigore Traian Pop, the claim that Auschnitt was Codreanu's sponsor is fundamentally inaccurate, and planted in the public arena by Blank and

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Teodor Necșa, "Concesiunile înrobitoare acordate de statul burghezo-moșieresc romîn în perioada 1929–1933 capitalului străin, în vederea construirii de șosele", in

773: 4371: 2610: 5756: 1884: 935:, and partly redecorated by Auschnitt himself, it was situated very near to Malaxa's residence. The Billionaires' Club, which reunited Auschnitt with Malaxa and 687: 620:

controlled 60% of UDR shares, while Vickers had an additional 13%. From 1934, the UDR agreed to co-sponsor all state orders for Vickers canons and ammunition.

1390: 5761: 4475: 1471: 1086: 4759: 4427:"Apostolii lui Stalin: Petru Groza, ultimul burghez. De la tentativa eșuată de suicid la idila cu Elena Lupescu și 'divorțul decent și elegant de monarhie'" 1247:, and insisted that this was additional proof of malfeasance. Argetoianu additionally reports that both Auschnitt and Kaufmann had by then been involved in 498:, and which Max would later treble. The family home in Galați was situated across from that of Panait Malaxa, uncle of Auschnitt's lifelong business rival, 5811: 5796: 5711: 617: 604:

in capital. This enterprise alone had 17,000 salaried workers, covering 80% of Romania's steel production, and 50% of locomotives, while acquiring most of

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Marin Pop, "Întrunirile politice național-țărăniste de la Sovata în perioada 1933–1938. Iuliu Maniu versus Alexandru Vaida-Voevod și camarila regală", in

2007:(RNC) as an outlet for the PNȚ, while Malaxa backed the more right-wing Rădescu as leader of the movement. After negotiations overseen by the exiled king 1961: 738:, showed the UDR having "a net profit of 47 million, in addition to a share capital of 750 million, despite huge unemployment and permanent downsizing." 5816: 5806: 5801: 5791: 5731: 5550: 5448: 4947: 3893: 1528: 1015: 627:. He was also among the managers of various foreign companies in Central Europe, as well as of Romanian-based companies, including Chrissoveloni and the 5247: 3128: 2067:. He died there after a prolonged illness, on January 18, 1957 (though several sources cite 1959). His death was closely followed by that of his friend 1702:, and allowed to assist in reconstruction. His 1940 trial was again up for review in November, when another court confirmed his innocence. In December, 1872:, before most of it was transformed into a SovRomMetal in August 1949. In September 1948, Titan was taken over by communist workers, and renamed after 1450: 260:(February 14, 1888 – January 18, 1957), was a Romanian businessman and political figure, one of his country's most prominent industrialists during the 1999:. Auschnitt's allegations were partly successful, in that Malaxa never applied for naturalization. Both rivals became engaged with the anti-communist 5736: 1916: 932: 893: 353: 199: 5676: 5861: 5489: 5421: 3077:

Grigore Traian Pop, "'Democrația e pusă în slujba marii finanțe naționale sau internaționale jidovești'. Bancherii în bătaia puștii legionare", in

1912: 1908: 1810: 1011: 694:. According to Scurtu, Carol was first persuaded to form this ring in June 1931, when Malaxa and Auschnitt presented him with a large bag of cash. 392: 204: 3146: 2776: 1594: 5651: 5394: 1986: 1883:

A full confiscation of all property owned by Auschnitt and Malaxa, and a confirmation of their loss of citizenship, was rendered official by the

1720: 1455: 1283: 769: 686:(PNȚ), were reportedly serving on the TNC's executive board. Such connections became the source of controversy, since Auschnitt, like Malaxa and 5716: 2986:

Gelu Ureche, Valeriu Buduru, "Organizații extremiste de dreapta în anticamera Gărzii de fier. Mercenarii diversiunii își numără rîndurile", in

1743: 899:

The wedding came in January 1935, at the same time as Auschnitt's conflict with the Iron Guard, and therefore had to take place in secrecy, at

5072: 363:

Auschnitt found himself at odds with Carol after a string of matrimonial, economic, and geopolitical disputes. Marginalized by the passage of

5646: 4943: 4124: 3544: 1861: 1050:

on Romanian exports as a means of preventing "weak-currency countries" from competing with local factories. In August 1936, he published in

1039: 5701: 1969:, including its furniture. The brothers' Galați home was also taken over by the state, and from 1968 was used as a museum, showcasing the 850: 1830: 1058:", demanding protectionist measures in agriculture and mining. He was reportedly rejected by the PNȚ rank-and-file. In September 1934, a 710:, at some point in 1928. Although he ran and won as an independent, he received official backing from the PNȚ administration in both the 518: 428: 225: 990:. He intended to purchase, and thus rescue, the Teitler house in Galați, which popular opinion claimed as the house of a national hero, 5706: 5641: 1550:, who described him as a "distinguished man when it came to his relations with others". The camp also held some leading members of the 1292:

openly celebrated the Auschnitts' downfall. Auschnitt's opposition to Nazi policies entered a new stage in March 1939, just before the

427:

again withdrew Auschnitt's citizenship, before pronouncing him guilty of treason. This charge referred to Auschnitt's involvement with

2208:

Cerasela Moldoveanu, "În căutarea lui Schwartz... Contribuția evreilor la Războiul de Întregire Națională a României (1916–1919)", in

946:

Argetoianu reports that, in 1937, Auschnitt also attempted to buy a portion of Romania's sugar industry from Creditanstalt, which had

5681: 5846: 5741: 5691: 5686: 5381: 1673:, but his "lavishness with money" remained a point of contention for the remainder of his stay. On July 5, a military court of the 1626:. Aviator Matei Ghika-Cantacuzino, who was Auschnitt's personal friend, agreed to fly him into Allied territory. They used Ghika's 1677:

issued warrants for all fugitives. Auschnitt was charged with defection to the enemy and instigating desertion. He was then tried

1503:

newspaper commented: "Max Aușnit and the racketeering politicians financed by that dastardly kike should take note of this truth:

5856: 5621: 5360:

Mictat Gârlan, "Experiența României în dreptul minorităților până la alegerea lui Klaus Iohannis ca președinte al românilor", in

4136: 3355: 2735: 2298:"Fiul marelui industriaș Max Aușnit a primit cheia orașului în care a construit cea mai modernă parcare de camioane din România" 5851: 1467: 1354: 2107:("Max and His World"), where he is caricatured as the eponymous Max Gros. In 1985, the Romanian communist authorities allowed 5666: 5656: 5497: 5467: 5443: 5429: 5330: 5228: 4515: 4293: 4144: 3753: 3654: 3515: 3377: 3103: 1937: 1046:

Romania's heavy industry. At a meeting of the General Union of Industrialists in November 1935, Auschnitt himself argued for

5746: 2189:. Steve continued to work in the plastics industry, filing his last patent in 2017, two years before his death in New York. 588:(TNC) chain, which is claimed to have employed over 4,900 workers. Through this group, formed in 1924, Max was connected to 5871: 5576: 3001:

Constanța Știrbu, N. Trohani, G. Trohani, "Inginerul Constantin C. Orghidan (1874–1944). Studiu genealogic și istoric", in

1820:

Working as a diplomat, Gustave Pordea sensed the changing of fortunes, and opted to defect in 1947. According to historian

1712: 1542:, in exchange for guarantees that Romania would maintain its 1939 borders. Around that time, Auschnitt was interned at the 1445:. The Guard opened up Lupescu's residence, reportedly showing that she still kept Livia Auschnitt's portrait. According to 679: 623:

Auschnitt claimed that Edgar alone ran TNC from 1929, but his connections to that company surfaced in later talk about his

4237: 1101:; he also hinted that such messaging was vetted by the PNȚ, which was courting the far-right. During that same interval, 760:, ethnicity and a high profile in financial life made Auschnitt a topic of antisemitic libel, including blackmail by the 5696: 5616: 5611: 2004: 1623: 1480: 831:. He noted that Guardists took Auschnitt's money while still reining violence on lower-class Jews, who were powerless. 546: 440: 3478:

Antonio César Moreno Cantano, "Guerra de propagandas en Rumanía durante la contienda bélica española (1936–1939)", in

5826: 5821: 5751: 5661: 5530: 5389: 5348: 5309: 5284: 5263: 5242: 4869: 4185: 2812: 2743: 1805:, as members of the Big Finance Club, had agreed to sponsor opposition groups, including the PNȚ, in preparation for 1715:. On March 9, 1945, as Groza formed a communized cabinet, Auschnitt catered champagne for a pro-communist group, the 1666: 1286:

places blame for Auschnitt's ouster on the "antisemitic campaign in Rumania, financed by the Nazis." In Germany, the

5626: 5606: 1610:

Also in early 1944, Auschnitt was reportedly dragged into the power struggles within the Communist Party—assisting

1282:

as evidence that a "British pawn" had lost to a "pawn or half-pawn of the German financiers". Similarly, economist

1256: 951: 2543: 2091:, as the cuckolded and blackmailed "Leizer Gherson". Auschnitt's death was closely followed by the publication of 484:, and then bribed the authorities into obtaining citizenship. This claim was repeated in 1939 by Justice Minister 2156:, and was consequently re-baptized ITW Zippak. Steve Aușnit, who provided a scholarship for Romanian students at 1586:

described Auschnitt as: "an apostate Jew, close friend of the Nazi Puppet Premier of Romania General Antonescu".

1231:. His memorandum on the matter reached Carol and Madgearu, but had no success. The same month, Romanian diplomat 435:'s Iron Guard cells. Stripped of his Romanian properties, Auschnitt relaunched himself as an entrepreneur in the 2135:. During his tenure, accounts emerge that he was a covert agent, and that he had used Securitate funds to bribe 2122:

Gustave Pordea was left destitute by his brother-in-law's departure, and for a while only made a living selling

1981:, but grew estranged from his wife, and decided to settle as a bachelor in the US. He joined Edgar and Steve in 1389:" were baffled by Carol's clampdown, and exaggerated its meaning. He illustrates this with a quote from General 1267: 2705:

Andrei Popescu, "The Romanian Telephone Company under the Administration of Grigore Filipescu (1930–1938)", in

1806: 1297: 1135: 908: 797:

cited Auschnitt exclusively as a "warmonger"—a charge which appears for instance in a February 1934 article by

757: 715: 711: 465: 265: 5776: 2950:

Argetoianu III, p. 210 & VII, p. 312; Cioroianu, p. 107; Enache, p. 193; Pandrea (2011), pp. 177, 191, 227

1719:, later becoming Vice President of its Economic Section. He claimed to have been approached by Soviet General 1686:

During the coup, Auschnitt's car was reportedly borrowed by Pătrășcanu, who used it to transport Groza out of

1381:. He comments on demonstrative gestures by the authorities, which included forcing Auschnitt into the regular 726:

on sugar. At the time, Auschnitt himself admitted that his Creditanstalt was trying to collect the 50-million

492:

on June 14, 1884. Olias steadily amassed a large fortune, which in 1908 included one of Romania's two largest

5766: 1849: 1801:

Under interrogation by communist authorities, several Freemasons reported that Auschnitt and Reșița engineer

1707:

and Malaxa both entered a new Masonic Lodge, called Lanțul de Unire, where, in 1945, they initiated Hulubei.

1695: 1555: 1300:

in that he circulated an alarmist claim, namely that Germany had issued an ultimatum for Romania to join the

1228: 1097:

favoring Romanians as a positive. Vaida hypothesized that Auschnitt's baptism had changed his perspective on

404: 1418: 668: 5831: 3745: 2882:"Ultima oră. Uzinele U. D. R. fură muncitorilor cinci milioane lei. Cântecul candidaturii lui Ziarilă", in 1856:; she implied that Auschnitt had won them over with his patriotic rhetoric. Pauker's faction believed that 1845: 1795: 1791: 1535: 1204: 1200: 605: 268:

immigrants, he spent much of his youth abroad, returning in the 1910s to set up business as an importer of

5378:

Fighting for Franco: International Volunteers in Nationalist Spain during the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939

2461:"Max Auschnitt, Zaharov 1938. L'homme le plus riche de Roumanie s'exile volontairement en Angleterre", in 1580:, who exclaimed: "There is that con artist Aușnit, walking about like it's nobody's business." A piece in 1543: 1077:

were dismissed by the party press as "intended to stoke the people's animosity". With the outbreak of the

5841: 5601: 5572: 2161: 2012: 1873: 1178: 1031: 735: 683: 364: 312: 178: 5866: 5671: 5177:

Victor Nafiru, "Asta ne mai lipsea! Urmașii lui Aușnit și Malaxa revendică domeniile fostului UDR", in

4821:"The Kremlin's Satellite States in Eastern Europe, Yugoslavia, Marxist Theory, and Our Own Perspective" 4286:

Locuințe pentru muncitori și funcționari. Casa Construcțiilor și parcelarea Vatra Luminoasă (1930—1949)

3953: 1869: 1779: 1755: 1189: 1043: 537:; Edgar had been bypassed for the 1915 draft, after presenting himself as an Austro-Hungarian subject. 368: 311:

as an independent corporate member, Auschnitt turned to partisan politics as a financial backer of the

2059:(originally a Danish invention) by founding Minigrip, Inc., which, from 1951, was under contract with 1618:. He eventually caught news that Nazi envoys wanted him included in what was to be the final stage of 1112:

From September 1937, Auschnitt's activities became a main topic of scrutiny for the pro-fascist daily

5876: 5399: 1739: 1094: 809: 17: 1734:

In tandem, Auschnitt served as Vice President of a rival club, called "Friends of America". General

978:

Auschnitt's extreme wealth made him into a patron of the arts. Though a Catholic, he donated to the

4129:

The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies under the Antonescu Regime, 1940–1944

1599: 1551: 1520: 1438: 1106: 979: 919:, though other sources contrarily allege that he was their godson. Auschnitt bought his family the 794: 741:

In that context, Auschnitt was also becoming noted as the PNȚ's financial backer. Lawyer-memoirist

481: 417: 5367:

Liviu D. Grigorescu, Marian Ștefan, "Un diplomat român în America despre românii din America", in

4196:

Mihail E. Ionescu, "Operațiunea 'Bodyguard'. Noi informații într-o problemă încă neelucidată", in

1339: 1288: 505:

According to one account, Max grew up in Galați, his native city, and attended the same school as

344:, made him a target for verbal and physical attacks by the far-right movements, in particular the 5786: 5636: 5543: 5518: 5462:. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Institutului pentru Studierea Problemelor Minorităților Naționale, 2011. 4860:

Lucian Nastasă, "Studiu introductiv", in Andreea Andreescu, Lucian Nastasă, Andrea Varga (eds.),

2132: 2028: 1887:

on October 5, 1948. On October 12, Auschnitt was formally indicted for various crimes, including

1813:, who had by then formed an Independent Social Democratic Party. Auschnitt reportedly approached 1735: 1370: 820: 805: 706:. He could only qualify for this office after being first inducted into the Chamber's offices at 5353:

George Enache, "Sandu Tudor (părintele Daniil). Ideologiile extremiste și poliția politică", in

584:

Together with his brother Edgar, Max owned several steel and munitions businesses including the

5781: 5077: 3742:

Inventing the Jew. Antisemitic Stereotypes in Romanian and Other Central East-European Cultures

2112: 1907:

This clampdown was closely followed by a purge of Social Democrats from the UDR's trade union.

1853: 1642: 1603: 1492: 1463: 1293: 1212: 1090: 1007: 912: 828: 798: 780:

records also include allegations that Auschnitt, Malaxa and Dobrescu were behind the magazines

659: 530: 400: 357: 172: 2033: 1658: 1568: 444: 5631: 5195: 3549: 3526:"De la un capăt la altul al țării, toți românii strigă: 'Jos simbriașii lui Auschnitt!'", in 1271: 1244: 936: 651: 646:

Journalists circulated rumors according to which Auschnitt had enjoyed a close connection to

624: 439:, and obtained American citizenship. His final political activities were as a sponsor of the 330: 3353:

C. Zilișteanu, "'Casa lui Cuza Vodă' din Galați nu are absolut nici o valoare istorică", in

1073:

In late 1936, rumors that Auschnitt had attended a hunting party with PNȚ leaders Maniu and

987: 958:. For a while, the new couple was especially close to Lupescu, for whom Auschnitt and other 654:. According to such reports, it was he who arranged for Carol to meet and fall in love with 5596: 5591: 5276: 3493: 2917: 2756: 2253: 2060: 2008: 1993: 1674: 1649:, agreeing to Antonescu's overthrow, as well as a letter from Pătrășcanu. Protected by the 1619: 1425:"terrorized the Rumanian government" into issuing more shares that his firm then acquired. 1223:. Dučić alleges that the two men played a crucial part in preventing Romania from annexing 1150: 885: 632: 581:", he was overall "the greatest power in Rumania's armament, mining and metal industries." 349: 5335:

Florica Dobre, Florian Banu, Camelia Ivan Duică, Theodor Bărbulescu, Liviu Țăranu (eds.),

3623: 1350: 1157:

is showing Carol assembly-line products; Auschnitt is present at the far-left of the image

999: 672:, a political-cultural journal. All three financiers were also visible members of Carol's 585: 285: 8: 5289:

Filip Constantin, "O poveste româno–americană din anii '50. Nixon, mituit de Malaxa", in

4720:

Tatiana A. Pokivailova, "1947. Sovieticii analizează influența americană în România", in

4453:

Cristian Troncotă, "Eugen Cristescu despre Eugen Cristescu (V). Sindromul arhivelor", in

4271: 4085:

L. M. Lamm, "Windows on Washington. Roumanian-Owned Forge Equipment Seized by U. S.", in

2178: 2153: 2128: 2016: 1857: 1759: 1582: 1434: 1325:. Various observers believed that he was no longer willing to share his profits with the 1309: 1170: 1146: 991: 647: 333: 5208:Însemnări zilnice. Volumul VII: 1 iulie—22 noiembrie 1939. Addenda: 17–23 decembrie 1936 3372:, p. 268. Bucharest: Editura Ministerului Internelor și Reformei Administrative, 2007. 1166: 702:

From 1929 to 1933, Auschnitt represented Galați Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the

691: 5504:

Mircea Rusnac, "'Dictatura proletariatului' și muncitorimea reșițeană (1945–1954)", in

5322: 5301: 4098:

Marian Zidaru, "SOE în România în al doilea război mondial. Cazul Grigore Gafencu", in

2229: 2157: 2056: 1787: 1622:. One report additionally suggests that he was briefly held at a concentration camp in 1611: 1484: 1317: 1305: 955: 727: 600:. Auschnitt was especially successful as owner of the UDR, which had amassed 1 billion 589: 289: 134: 41: 4901:

Mihai Demetriade, Silviu B. Moldovan, "Ion Mitucă, de la rezistență la dizidență", in

3737: 3151:, The Olga Lengyel Institute for Holocaust Studies and Human Rights, November 18, 2019 1865: 1703: 1566:. Auschnitt's relative freedom still irked Nazi observers. In May 1943, the genocidal 722:

newspaper reported that Auschnitt had intervened to bloc senators from approving of a

658:, while also sponsoring him during his 1920s exile. Auschnitt belonged to a branch of 609: 513:, only returning to Galați in 1910. It is known that he studied abroad, in Vienna and 448: 5526: 5493: 5463: 5439: 5425: 5385: 5344: 5326: 5305: 5280: 5259: 5238: 5224: 4952: 4865: 4838: 4511: 4493: 4409: 4289: 4181: 4173: 4140: 4069: 3749: 3650: 3511: 3373: 3099: 2808: 2777:"Economia românească interbelică și rolul sistemului bancar în dezvoltarea economică" 2739: 2353: 2324: 2169: 2141: 2136: 2119:, in which he stated his belief that Auschnitt was a victim of Carol's machinations. 2052: 2000: 1966: 1837: 1699: 1679: 1615: 1539: 1507:

has sure changed in this country" (Vifor's emphasis). That same month, Auschnitt and

1162: 1078: 703: 550: 436: 424: 413: 408: 308: 277: 72: 54: 4233: 678:—although Auschnitt's inclusion was comparatively late. By January 1936, six former 5268: 5160: 2146: 1897: 1662: 1322: 1224: 1216: 1196: 1109:, and "posing as nationalist reformers, presumably with Mr. Auschnitt's blessing". 940: 477: 5521:(contributors: Eftimie Ardeleanu, Mircea Chirițoiu, Alexandru Oșca, Vasile Popa), 3933:"Rumania Liquidating the Property of Edgar Ausnit, Brother of Jailed Arms Magnate" 3222:"Ginerele lui Malaxa, George Emil Palade, primul român laureat al Premiului Nobel" 3126:"Entre os detidos encontra-se o governador geral das fabricas de aço 'Titan'", in 1519:. This was a precautionary measure against the planned transport of Banat Jews to 1422: 384: 5568: 5369: 5314: 4722: 4508:

Mediocritate și excelență. O radiografie a științei și învățământului din România

4455: 4376: 3948: 3898: 3787: 3667: 3618: 3065: 2988: 2937: 2807:, p. 160. Bucharest: National Institute for the Study of Totalitarianism, 2001. 2165: 2068: 1821: 1691: 1650: 1516: 1496: 1248: 1098: 1082: 1003: 753: 534: 506: 485: 469: 320: 316: 296:, he had a business connection, and later a consuming rivalry, with manufacturer 293: 261: 2032:

that Auschnitt was a "guardian angel" for the RNC Chairman—his old acquaintance

5105: 3782: 3057: 2638: 2123: 2092: 2084: 1877: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1572: 1410: 1394: 1386: 1374: 1279: 1208: 1154: 1119: 1019: 900: 839: 835: 824: 731: 663: 578: 499: 352:

and, more discreetly, by sponsoring the Guardist network. His 1935 marriage to

297: 4862:

Minorități etnoculturale. Mărturii documentare. Evreii din România (1945–1965)

3932: 1220: 815:, exposing the movement to Carol's violent retaliation. As reported by writer 597: 443:, which split into pro-Auschnitt and pro-Malaxa factions, respectively led by 5585: 5535: 5472: 5136: 1996: 1992:

Malaxa was finally admitted to the US in 1953, after purchasing support from

1982: 1711:

counter-coup, and was identified by other participants as Romania's would-be

1687: 1563: 1547: 1476: 1442: 1406: 1127: 1102: 1074: 995: 920: 816: 742: 723: 707: 655: 613: 526: 522: 473: 388: 337: 301: 150: 5406: 3032:"Imperialismul americano-englez — dușman de moarte al poporului român", in 2404:

Mihai Sorin Rădulescu, "Aperçu sur la généalogie de la famille Malaxa", in

2108: 2041: 1888: 1363: 1343: 1330: 1232: 1174: 972: 967: 881: 635:

in Creditanstalt. This business was overseen through their consortium, the

601: 376: 372: 341: 292:, and investor in many other fields. Primarily known as the "iron king" of 2145:, were also supported by various members of the Romanian exile, including 924: 904: 748: 592:, making him a participant in the European arms trade. This reflected his 348:. Auschnitt attempted to diffuse this threat by paying public tributes to 4132: 4052:"Guvernul Antonescu, pus în dificultate de o donație a lui Max Auschnitt" 2602: 2182: 2064: 2037: 1950: 1942: 1814: 1683:, and sentenced to death; the same verdict was pronounced against Ghika. 1646: 1559: 1512: 1446: 1301: 1063: 1034:

formally asked Madgearu why he was spending time at Auschnitt's villa in

998:

that the building had no cultural value. From 1935, his donations helped

889: 812: 789: 281: 273: 269: 5092: 4929: 4784: 4431: 3896:, "Așa nu ne place istoria! Fața văzută și cea nevăzută a cenzurii", in 3422: 3175: 2856: 2828: 2302: 2071:, who had also been involved with the RNC. The coincidence was noted in 2051:

During his final years, Auschnitt reoriented himself toward the budding

1921: 525:. Several members of the Auschnitt family, including Max, served in the 494: 387:, and then his citizenship. Carol himself fell from power in 1940, with 4242: 2045: 2023: 1841: 1382: 1358: 1252: 947: 862: 765: 761: 628: 593: 380: 345: 220: 4948:"Ultimele zile de pace dinaintea revoluției culturale a lui Ceaușescu" 4864:, p. 41. Cluj-Napoca: Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center, 2003. 3397:

I. D. Basarabeanu, "Intr'o chestiune penibilă: cea a trusturilor", in

2805:

Mecanisme represive în România, 1945–1989. Dicționar biografic, I: A–C

1441:" was established as a partnership between the Iron Guard and General 1400:

For all his subjects' enthusiasm, the king never agreed to have other

756:. At a time when 32% of Romanian commercial enterprises were owned by 558: 5337:

Securitatea: structuri-cadre; obiective și metode. Vol. I (1948–1967)

5319:

British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War

5220: 5215:

Csaba Békés, László Borhi, Peter Ruggenthaler, Ottmar Trașcă (eds.),

5164:, December 30, 1985, p. 7; Péter O. Váry, "Párizs vigyázó szeme", in 3528: 2541:"La fille du rajah de Sarawak va épouser un millionaire roumain", in 2022:

The dispute was closely followed by Romania's new secret police, the

1825: 1524: 1199:, in late 1938 Auschnitt and Malaxa were involved in undermining the 1185: 1114: 928: 916: 674: 596:

outlook, first brought up when he defended Vickers against rivals at

396: 325: 3510:, Vol. III, p. 124. Bucharest: Fundația Europeană Titulescu, 2012. 3092:

Sfîntă tinerețe legionară. Activismul fascist în România interbelică

983: 574: 489: 130: 5005:

Andrei Lucaci, "Exilul românesc după al II-lea război mondial", in

2826:"Campania electorală. Campania național-țărănistă la Covurlui", in 2727: 2584:"Richard Nixon a intervenit pentru Malaxa în războiul cu Auschnitt" 2186: 2100: 1978: 1977:

industrialist lived for a while with Livia and Gustave's family in

1747: 1728: 1698:

flew him back to Bucharest, where he was awarded protection by the

1495:

to a cell of anti-fascist exiles in England, which was overseen by

975:. Argetoianu notes that Auschnitt made sure to play a losing hand. 383:. In the process, he lost his UDR shares, which went to Malaxa and 276:. Auschnitt was caretaker, and from 1929 managing director, of the 5273:

Pe umerii lui Marx. O introducere în istoria comunismului românesc

5217:

Soviet Occupation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria 1944/45–1948/49

4764:

B.I.R.E. (Bulletin d'Informations pour les Roumains de l'Étranger)

3647:

Alianța româno-polonă între destrămare și solidaritate (1938–1939)

2322:"Jurnale ale Consiliului de Miniștri. Ministerul de Justiție", in 1965:, the communist literary magazine, took over Edgar's flat outside 1606:

attending a gala at the Soviet Embassy in Bucharest, December 1944

1315:

In October, the king allowed Iamandi to draft new regulations for

939:, was housed at this location until 1937, when its members rented 562: 403:, though he himself had to flee Romania before the event, and was 5413:. Brașov: Fundația Lapedatu & Fundația Academia Civică, 2016. 5255: 4177: 4031:"Senzaţionala descoperire făcută la locuința lui Max Aușnit", in 3095: 2854:"Campania electorală. Candidați proclamați aleși din oficiu", in 2075:, which mockingly suggested that Gafencu had "likely of grief". 1901: 1169:, had drafted a plan for the mass emigration of Romanian Jews to 1055: 570: 1278:

News of Auschnitt's defeat by Malaxa were recorded by socialite

4780:"Comuniștii și sovieticii au distrus economia Banatului Montan" 3435:"Recenzii. 'Rezultatele autarhiei economice' de M. Aușnit", in 2185:

in 2009; it is now noted for featuring a monument-sized gilded

1751: 1724: 1654: 1059: 1047: 1035: 963: 640: 514: 510: 5540:

Athene Palace Bucharest. Hitler's 'New Order' Comes to Rumania

5511:

Aurel Savin, "Figuri de martiri. Inginerul Ion E. Bujoiu", in

5436:

Cultură și propagandă. Institutul Român din Berlin (1940–1945)

4806:

Simion Schwartz, "Evrei exploatatori și evrei exploatați", in

4510:, Vol. 6, p. 145. Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărții de Știință, 2016. 3937:

News from All Over the World. By the Jewish Telegraphic Agency

2523:"Max Auschnitt, de la pocherul regal la închisoarea Văcărești" 2003:, though from different angles: Auschnitt sought to align the 1774: 1738:

also viewed him as a trusted adviser; together, they met with

1188:, outlawing all political parties and replacing them with the 1173:. This attempt was foiled by opposition from both Britain and 954:

and resold his shares to Carol II, who immediately obtained a

5523:

Misiune dificilă. Jurnal: 28 ianuarie 1945—20 septembrie 1946

5134:

Eugen Luca, "Tribuna creației. Modalități ale romanului", in

5090:"Ultimele știri de peste hotare. Note. Toată pasărea...", in 4338:"Aripile libertății: aviatorii români fug din raiul comunist" 2841:

Doru Dumitrescu, "Alegerile din 1932 și 1933 în România", in

2173: 2172:

through a Memorial Library. He was awarded the golden key of

1798:

once he prevented workers from sacking the managerial staff.

1670: 1645:. Auschnitt had brought with him messages sent by PNȚ leader 1437:, Carol was deposed and exiled, alongside his mistress; the " 950:

various Romanian refineries. He found himself overwhelmed by

554: 542: 395:, and was also involved in helping fellow Jews to escape the 5158:"Deputato francês é acusado de espionar para a Romênia", in 3532:, October 11, 1937, p. 11; Argetoianu III, pp. 105, 127, 150 2139:

and make his way into politics. The allegations, carried by

4927:Țăranu Radivoi, "Bucuria de a trăi într'o țară liberă", in 4603: 4601: 2935:

Elizabeth Hazard, "Războiul Rece a început în România", in

2895:"A Resica és a Nadrág-Kaláni Vasművek nyereségmérlege", in 2639:"Arms Mogul Defies Iron Guard, Weds Rumanian Girl Secretly" 1949:

Speaking at a public rally on November 1, Finance Minister

1126:. This claim was partly validated by another newspaperman, 764:. Already in the late 1920s, Auschnitt allegedly purchased 631:. In 1931, he allied himself to Malaxa in order to acquire 566: 5772:

Members of the Romanian anti-communist resistance movement

2692: 2690: 2671: 2669: 2667: 1876:. A Jewish worker, Simion Schwartz, announced this in the 1534:

In early 1943, Auschnitt was in contact with the American

5202:Însemnări zilnice. Volumul III: 1 iulie—31 decembrie 1937 4743: 4741: 3665:

Mihail E. Ionescu, "De ce s-a risipit România Mare?", in

2099:, where he probably appears as the banker Druker, and by 1219:, and because of both industrialists being suppliers for 1105:

noted that PNȚ figures were borrowing ideas from his own

1006:. One anecdote suggests that Auschnitt also heard actors 896:, at the time a serving as Vice President in the Senate. 877: 662:, frequenting Meșterul Manole Lodge alongside Malaxa and 416:, he was slowly pushed back into exile by signs that the 4598: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3697: 3695: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 2083:

During his final years, Auschnitt had been lampooned in

2687: 2664: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 1754:

to his 200 guests. These included General Schuyler and

27:

Romanian businessman & political figure (1888–1957)

4738: 3197:

Marius Ionescu, "Pași în trecut. O vilă la șosea", in

2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 1409:

in 2016 rates). In June, while filing his appeal from

1393:, who was reportedly Auschnitt's friend: "This is the 1308:, Auschnitt retaliated against the Nazis by assisting 1274:

and Auschnitt at an UDR company meeting, July 26, 1938

1081:, Auschnitt maintained a personal friendship with the 994:. He renounced this plan upon being told by historian 915:. Pandrea claims that Madgearu became the Auschnitts' 4825:

Discussion Bulletin (of the Socialist Workers' Party)

4298: 3996: 3692: 3649:, p. 409. Bucharest: Biblioteca Bucureștilor, 2010. 3288: 2040:

and getting them to attend "impromptu parties in his

1717:

Romanian Society for Friendship with the Soviet Union

1433:

In September 1940, following public outrage over the

718:, running unopposed in the latter. In February 1932, 4808:

Unirea. Organ Democratic Evreesc de Luptă și Cultură

4174:

International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania

4156: 4154: 4152: 2648: 1070:

to be "occult" and unwanted influences on the king.

827:, who sympathized with the anti-Codreanu group, the 752:, Auschnitt was also especially close to politician 637:

Compagnie Européenne de Participations Industrielles

5727:

Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Romania

4288:, p. 210. Bucharest: Asociația Studio Zona, 2021. 3799: 3797: 3593:, Vol. 5, Issues 3–4, March–April 1994, pp. 360–361 3437:

Urbanismul. Monitor al Uniunei Orașelor din România

2718:

Matei & Nastasă, p. 300; Nastasă (2011), p. 477

2420: 2251:Romulus Damian, "Cetățenii noștri clandestini", in 1665:, as he and Hurmuzescu still had to be screened by 5837:Vienna University of Economics and Business alumni 4556: 4554: 4100:Studia Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series Historica 5722:Romanian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment 5486:Memoriile mandarinului valah. Jurnal I: 1954–1956 5460:Antisemitismul universitar în România (1919–1939) 4149: 3439:, Vol. XIII, Issues 7–8, July–August 1936, p. 361 3044: 3042: 2044:penthouse, where he would entertain pals such as 5583: 4888: 4886: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3794: 1868:, and some others. On June 11, the UDR had been 856:Auschnitt and then-fiancée Leonora Brook in 1932 697: 5364:, Vol 7, Issue 2, June–December 2015, pp. 1–42. 4965:Ștefan Stanciu, "Muzeul de Istorie Galați", in 4760:"Les emigrés dechus de la nationalité roumaine" 4551: 4269:"Death 'In Absentia' for Antonescu Friend", in 4102:, Vols. III–IV, 2006–2007, pp. 235–236, 247–248 3340:"Știri. Oficiul par. ort. rom. din Săceni", in 2822: 2820: 2338: 2336: 2334: 1589: 272:, greatly expanding his father's fortune after 5757:Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust 5237:. Bucharest: Fundația Academia Civică, 2000. 3039: 1531:to provide medical treatment for the inmates. 608:, an automotive plant, and minority shares in 565:. His land property was said to cover 150,000 367:in 1937, he was further maligned when Carol's 304:, which established their presence in Europe. 4883: 4226: 4224: 4043: 4041: 3833: 2754:"Să se termine cu guvernările ticăloase", in 2607:În umbra celulei. Malmaison, 1943–1944, iarna 2474:Nicolae Păvălucă, "Dragă brețcancă (II)", in 2400: 2398: 2026:. In 1953, it took clues from a piece in the 1093:claimed that Auschnitt had even acknowledged 962:businessmen obtained villas in Dorobanți and 612:. From 1930, a syndicate comprising the TNC, 375:. He was arrested shortly after the start of 5762:People who rescued Jews during the Holocaust 5403:, Vol. 8, Issue 1, February 1941, pp. 24–40. 4632: 4630: 4467: 4465: 3467:Solia. Organ al Partidului Național Țărănesc 3148:In Memory of Steve Ausnit, TOLI Board Member 3036:, Vol. 4, Issue I, January–March 1951, p. 23 2817: 2622:Pandrea (2011), p. 107; Wallersteiner, p. 10 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2331: 2204: 2202: 2015:to examine Nixon's deals with Malaxa, until 1614:in ousting its disgraced general secretary, 1181:, which were specifically targeted at Jews. 1066:declared Auschnitt and other figures of the 1054:a favorable review of Romania's industrial " 5812:American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent 5797:Romanian people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent 5712:People convicted of treason against Romania 5555:The Corinthian. The Magazine for Old Stoics 5525:. Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică, 1997. 5455:, Vol. V, Issue 53, August 1991, pp. 44–45. 5418:Masoni sub judecata comunistă. Grupul Bellu 4329: 4327: 4325: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3589:Teodor Wexler, "Dr. Wilhelm Filderman", in 3162:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Contemporană 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2575: 2573: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2055:. He and his son Steve worked on improving 1413:, he made a final attempt at placating the 776:, manager of TNC, to assassinate his boss. 549:, entrusted with the administration of the 336:, constantly bribing him and his mistress, 5817:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism 5807:American people of Austrian-Jewish descent 5802:American people of Romanian-Jewish descent 5792:Romanian people of Austrian-Jewish descent 5732:Romanian military personnel of World War I 4265: 4263: 4261: 4221: 4111:Gelu Vifor, "Mareșalul și muncitorii", in 4038: 3928: 3926: 3122: 3120: 2707:Studia Universitatis Petru Maior. Historia 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2537: 2535: 2395: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 1904:network transporting Jews out of Romania. 1118:, whose staff believed that he was behind 40: 5478:"Cronică valahă cu inginerul Malaxa", in 5298:Business in the Age of Depression and War 4627: 4462: 4081: 4079: 3540: 3538: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2768: 2766: 2732:Anii treizeci. Extrema dreaptă românească 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2220: 2218: 2199: 533:, which resulted in the establishment of 5737:Romanian people of the Spanish Civil War 4322: 3596: 3450:Marisia. Anuarul Muzeului Județean Mureș 3331:, Vol. XLVIII, Issue 25, June 1933, p. 7 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2625: 2598: 2596: 2481: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2160:, made returns to Romania following the 1936: 1807:parliamentary elections in November 1946 1773: 1593: 1369:On December 5, a new cabinet, headed by 1266: 1140: 5862:Romanian emigrants to the United States 5569:Newspaper clippings about Max Auschnitt 5210:. Bucharest: Editura Machiavelli, 2003. 5204:. Bucharest: Editura Machiavelli, 2001. 4258: 4137:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 3923: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3117: 3034:Studii. Revistă de Istorie și Filosofie 2931: 2929: 2927: 2550: 2532: 2236: 1002:build an administrative palace for the 519:Academy for Advanced Commercial Studies 226:Academy for Advanced Commercial Studies 93:Galați Chamber of Commerce and Industry 14: 5652:Romanian racehorse owners and breeders 5584: 4076: 3939:, Vol. VI, Issue 198, April 1940, p. 5 3710:Argetoianu VII, pp. 72, 89–90, 104–106 3535: 3344:, Vol. LI, Issue 35, August 1936, p. 7 3204: 3182: 2902: 2763: 2440: 2309: 2215: 2152:Minigrip, Inc. became a subsidiary of 1932: 911:, whereas Auschnitt had opted for the 399:. He had a minor role in plotting the 315:; he had enduring collaborations with 189:Nelly Aronovici (m. ca. 1923; d. 1927) 5717:Romanian prisoners sentenced to death 5506:Morisena. Revistă de Cultură Istorică 5293:, Vol. III, Issue 7, 1998, pp. 51–53. 5179:Timpul. Cotidian Independent (Reșița) 5108:, "Cronica literară. Petru Dumitriu, 5040:Pandrea (2011), pp. 137–138, 140, 283 4089:, Vol. 111, Issue 2, July 1942, p. 57 3830:Argetoianu VII, pp. 170–171, 185, 190 2959:Pandrea (2011), pp. 106–107, 177, 283 2786: 2593: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2260: 2131:, where he represented the far-right 1349:The matter was personally handled by 966:. Auschnitt alone purchased from the 420:was establishing a new dictatorship. 5677:National Peasants' Party politicians 5647:Businesspeople in the sugar industry 5508:, Vol. III, Issue 2, 2018, pp. 5–11. 5300:, pp. 253–285. London & Savage: 4374:, "'Cazul' grupului Pătrășcanu", in 4284:Andrei Răzvan Voinea, Irina Calotă, 3135: 2924: 1661:. Auschnitt was then transported to 1653:, Ghika then flew his passengers to 1483:, and made available for use by the 1018:, who took as his lover the actress 431:, including his allegedly financing 5438:. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega, 2018. 5252:Ceaușescu, anii numărătorii inverse 4035:, Vol. I, Issue 7, April 1941, p. 6 3368:Constantin Grigore, Miliana Șerbu, 3243:Unirea. Foaie Bisericească-Politică 1641:Their escape served to prepare the 1421:and Malaxa. According to Lachmann, 1184:Only days after, Carol II staged a 1062:rally of PNȚ figures who supported 360:, elicited additional controversy. 356:'s daughter, and his conversion to 300:. The two were associate owners of 24: 5513:Memoria. Revista Gândirii Arestate 4711:Grigorescu & Ștefan, pp. 25–26 4497:, December 21, 1944, pp. 6402–6402 4476:"Malaxa 'încinge' exilul românesc" 4425:Laurențiu Ungureanu, Radu Eremia, 4246:, Vol. XIV, Issue 701, August 2003 2736:Editura Fundației Culturale Române 2373: 2306:(Timișoara edition), July 18, 2014 1657:, where they met Maniu's liaison, 1527:, after Colonel Agapiescu allowed 1481:Office of Alien Property Custodian 1428: 1025: 468:immigrants listed as nationals of 191:Livia Pordea (m. 1935; sep. 1950s) 25: 5888: 5707:Overturned convictions in Romania 5642:Romanian businesspeople in timber 5562: 5397:, "The Hermann Göring Works", in 4967:Almanahul Revistei Dunărea de Jos 4018:I. M., "Casa Elenei Lupescu", in 3966:Argetoianu VII, pp. 208, 212, 218 3491:"Acțiunea d-lui Iuliu Maniu", in 2977:Gârlan, p. 6. See also Pop, p. 42 2392:, Vol. IV, Issue 48, April 1943, 2388:"El rey de las tres mujeres", in 2019:ordered his agents to step down. 1667:Security Intelligence Middle East 650:, who, in 1930, became Carol II, 5682:Members of the Senate of Romania 5515:, Issue 31 (2), 2000, pp. 56–62. 5219:. Budapest & New York City: 5171: 5152: 5143: 5128: 5119: 5099: 5084: 5065: 5052: 5043: 5034: 5021: 5012: 4999: 4990: 4981: 4972: 4959: 4936: 4921: 4908: 4895: 4874: 4854: 4845: 4830: 4813: 4800: 4791: 4788:(Reșița edition), April 26, 2014 4769: 4750: 4729: 4714: 4705: 4696: 4687: 4678: 4669: 4656: 4643: 4614: 4589: 4576: 4563: 4538: 4529: 4520: 4500: 4485: 4447: 4438: 4416: 4401: 4392: 4383: 4365: 4356: 4347: 4278: 4249: 4212: 4203: 4190: 4163: 4118: 4105: 4092: 4061: 4025: 4012: 3987: 3978: 3969: 3960: 3942: 3914: 3905: 3887: 3878: 3869: 3860: 3851: 3824: 3815: 3806: 3452:, Vol. XXXVII, 2017, pp. 269–270 3370:Miniștrii de interne (1862–2007) 861: 849: 429:anti-communist resistance groups 5847:Romanian expatriates in Austria 5742:Romanian people of World War II 5692:Romanian white-collar criminals 5687:Camarilla (Carol II of Romania) 5357:, Vol. XXXV, 2017, pp. 173–259. 4978:Câmpeanu, pp. 201–202, 214, 227 4836:"Ordonanțe de contumancie", in 4115:, Vol. I, August 27, 1942, p. 3 3776: 3767: 3758: 3731: 3722: 3713: 3704: 3683: 3674: 3659: 3639: 3630: 3583: 3574: 3565: 3556: 3520: 3500: 3485: 3482:, Issue 20, Autumn 2009, p. 131 3472: 3455: 3442: 3429: 3413: 3404: 3391: 3382: 3362: 3347: 3334: 3327:"Știri. Mulțumită publică", in 3321: 3304: 3275: 3266: 3257: 3248: 3231: 3167: 3154: 3108: 3084: 3071: 3051: 3026: 3017: 3008: 2995: 2980: 2971: 2962: 2953: 2944: 2889: 2876: 2863: 2848: 2835: 2748: 2721: 2712: 2699: 2678: 2616: 2468: 2411: 2357:, August 18 (30), 1884, p. 2492 2328:, Issue 286/1939, pp. 7135–7136 1786:Auschnitt still hoped that the 1385:. Argetoianu also writes that " 67:1929 – August 18, 1939 5857:Romanian expatriates in France 5622:Romanian mining businesspeople 5380:. London & New York City: 4987:Grigorescu & Ștefan, p. 25 4905:, Vol. I, Issue 2, 2008, p. 85 4362:Deletant, pp. 20, 114–115, 233 3263:Argetoianu III, pp. 8, 299–300 2360: 2345: 1769: 1643:anti-fascist coup of August 23 1634:. The flight, which landed in 1546:, where he was held alongside 1298:Anglo-Polish military alliance 1262: 1136:national elections in December 666:, and, through it, sponsoring 639:(CEPI), which operated out of 13: 1: 5852:Romanian expatriates in Egypt 5434:Irina Matei, Lucian Nastasă, 5188: 3621:, "Mata Hari a României", in 3062:Amintiri, evocări, confesiuni 1696:United States Army Air Forces 1454:unchanged when the Guard was 876:Partners, as builders of the 698:Iron Guard and wedding affair 472:, though he may have claimed 459: 393:underground opposition groups 379:, and imprisoned following a 371:pursued a rapprochement with 5667:Romanian patrons of the arts 5657:20th-century philanthropists 5451:, "Poșta dicționarului", in 5235:Misiunea Ethridge în România 4827:, Issue 1, April 1950, p. 16 4636:"Darurile d-lui Aușnit", in 4526:Pandrea (2011), pp. 245, 283 4073:, May 8, 1943, pp. 2889–2890 3975:Argetoianu VII, pp. 208, 214 3746:University of Nebraska Press 3318:, Issue 13, March 1984, p. 6 3254:Pandrea (2011), pp. 177, 227 3081:, Issue 10 (38), 1999, p. 43 2843:Revista Perspective Istorice 1844:, who represented the PCR's 1630:, which had been ordered to 1590:Second trial and August coup 1536:Office of Strategic Services 1355:Minister of Internal Affairs 454: 7: 5872:Fugitives wanted by Romania 5702:Inmates of Văcărești Prison 5573:20th Century Press Archives 5373:, November 1999, pp. 24–28. 5181:, August 23, 2008, pp. 1, 6 4842:, October 23, 1948, p. 8500 4766:, Issue 22, August 20, 1948 4353:Deletant, pp. 114, 223, 233 3875:Argetoianu VII, pp. 220–221 3764:Argetoianu VII, pp. 104–105 3719:Argetoianu VII, pp. 105–106 3388:Matei & Nastasă, p. 166 3283:Revista de Istorie Militară 3272:Argetoianu III, pp. 101–102 3164:, Vol. I, 1956, pp. 163–164 2210:Revista de Istorie Militară 2013:Central Intelligence Agency 2005:Romanian National Committee 1620:Holocaust crimes in Romania 1304:. In September, during the 1217:partition of Czechoslovakia 1030:During September 1936, the 772:, received 20,000 lei from 464:Auschnitt was the scion of 441:Romanian National Committee 288:(TNC), regional partner of 10: 5893: 5557:, Issue 6/2016, pp. 10–12. 5009:, Vol. XXXII, 2003, p. 212 4491:"Anunțuri comerciale", in 4209:Câmpeanu, pp. 201–202, 214 4067:"Anunțuri comerciale", in 3773:Argetoianu VII, pp. 26, 86 3553:, Issues 27–28/2019, p. 12 3401:, September 13, 1935, p. 1 3199:Bună Dimineața, București! 3173:See death announcement in 2992:, November 1973, pp. 92–93 2869:"Max Aușnit amenință", in 2547:, September 24, 1932, p. 3 2351:"Anunciurĭ judiciare", in 1831:anti-communist underground 1792:Soviet hegemony in Romania 1397:in its Romanian version". 1190:National Renaissance Front 923:villa on Aleea Alexandru, 669:Revista Fundațiilor Regale 629:Romanian Telephone Company 412:. Returning to assist the 369:National Renaissance Front 5747:Inmates of Târgu Jiu camp 5697:Inmates of Doftana prison 5617:Romanian company founders 5612:Romanian chief executives 5168:, November 11, 2000, p. 5 5073:"Sorority on E. 63rd St." 4407:"Anunțuri judiciare", in 3689:Argetoianu VII, pp. 36–37 3636:Pandrea (2002), pp. 66–67 3547:, "Pagini de jurnal", in 3426:, November 20, 1935, p. 4 3179:, February 20, 1927, p. 2 3132:, November 15, 1939, p. 5 2873:, February 23, 1932, p. 4 2645:, June 21, 1935, pp. 1, 3 2166:Max Auschnitt Cycling Cup 2162:fall of communism in 1989 2078: 1971:labor movement in Romania 1740:Constantin Titel Petrescu 1095:employment discrimination 401:anti-fascist coup of 1944 323:. In tandem, he joined a 239: 231: 219: 211: 195: 185: 167: 157: 140: 117: 112: 108: 97: 89: 78: 71: 60: 52: 48: 39: 32: 5827:American Roman Catholics 5822:Romanian Roman Catholics 5752:The Holocaust in Romania 5662:Romanian philanthropists 5362:Revista Inovația Socială 5096:, February 1, 1957, p. 4 4131:, pp. 242–243. Chicago: 4022:, October 20, 1940, p. 1 3571:Wallersteiner, pp. 10–11 3314:de George de Berea", in 3285:, Issues 1–2/2009, p. 79 2832:, December 8, 1928, p. 3 2465:, February 2, 1938, p. 7 2212:, Issues 5–6/2017, p. 90 2192: 1836:Records kept by the new 1778:UDR workers celebrating 1600:Romanian Communist Party 1554:(PCR). One of these was 1552:Romanian Communist Party 1521:Nazi extermination camps 1515:to a charity managed by 1439:National Legionary State 1201:Polish–Romanian alliance 1122:'s left-wing newspaper, 1107:National Christian Party 892:. His father-in-law was 878:Bucharest–Brașov highway 795:Romanian Communist Party 730:it was owed by Romanian 684:National Peasants' Party 551:Iron Domains and Factory 531:campaigns of World War I 418:Romanian Communist Party 313:National Peasants' Party 284:, as well as founder of 278:Iron Domains and Factory 235:Investor, philanthropist 179:National Peasants' Party 55:Iron Domains and Factory 5627:Businesspeople in steel 5607:Romanian industrialists 5551:"A Tale of Two Ausnits" 5549:Anthony Wallersteiner, 5519:Cortlandt V.R. Schuyler 4640:, January 7, 1946, p. 1 4535:Cioroianu, pp. 107, 125 4459:, September 1992, p. 55 4413:, July 8, 1944, p. 5149 3884:Argetoianu VII, pp. 218 3785:, "Jurnal politic", in 3508:Pro și contra Titulescu 3359:, August 13, 1937, p. 3 3312:Comment épouser un roi? 3005:, Vol. 16, 2004, p. 263 2845:, Issue 6, pp. 117, 119 2696:Davenport-Hines, p. 276 2675:Davenport-Hines, p. 275 2029:Washington Times-Herald 1941:Auschnitt's bedroom on 1885:Great National Assembly 1758:, daughter of diplomat 1744:Social Democratic Party 1736:Cortlandt V.R. Schuyler 1578:Constantin C. Stoicescu 1468:German Foreign Minister 1353:, who was Argetoianu's 1334:for the sugar debacle. 1306:Nazi invasion of Poland 1016:August "Gustave" Pordea 821:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 682:, including two of the 5482:, May 2002, pp. 65–67. 5049:Pandrea (2011), p. 137 4810:, Issue 170/1948, p. 5 4380:, November 1991, p. 42 3984:Argetoianu VII, p. 218 3957:, March 20, 1940, p. 4 3954:The Spartanburg Herald 3911:Argetoianu VII, p. 208 3866:Argetoianu VII, p. 171 3857:Argetoianu VII, p. 120 3821:Argetoianu VII, p. 136 3791:, February 1978, p. 41 3580:Argetoianu III, p. 307 3562:Argetoianu III, p. 210 3480:Historia Actual Online 3410:Pandrea (2011), p. 191 3098:, 2015, pp. 180–181. 2478:, March 31, 2000, p. 3 2417:Pandrea (2011), p. 227 2408:, Vol. VI, 2014, p. 61 2370:, Issue 250/1908, p. 6 2113:autobiographical novel 1946: 1854:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 1783: 1607: 1604:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 1493:Swiss Bank Corporation 1464:Joachim von Ribbentrop 1456:ousted in January 1941 1419:Nazi iron conglomerate 1275: 1257:Constantin Cantacuzino 1211:; this was because of 1158: 1130:, who also noted that 1091:Alexandru Vaida-Voevod 1008:Grigore Vasiliu Birlic 829:Crusade of Romanianism 819:, the Guardist leader 799:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 774:Constantin C. Orghidan 523:Austrian secret police 517:, graduating from the 5341:Editura Enciclopedică 5196:Constantin Argetoianu 5140:, Issue 50/1957, p. 3 5116:, Issue 6/1957, p. 88 4933:, July 25, 1952, p. 2 4747:Constantin, pp. 51–52 4693:Mandache, pp. 41, 101 4675:Mandache, pp. 44, 100 4398:Deletant, pp. 114–115 4275:, Issue 22/1944, p. 1 3902:, October 1991, p. 57 3812:Argetoianu VII, p. 86 3728:Pandrea (2002), p. 66 3701:Argetoianu VII, p. 72 3680:Argetoianu VII, p. 24 3671:, May 2021, pp. 34–35 3497:, Issue 59/1937, p. 2 3469:, Issue 42/1936, p. 2 3301:Argetoianu VII, p. 89 3114:Nastasă (2011), p. 91 3064:, p. 199. Bucharest: 2921:, Issue 97/1937, p. 1 2915:"Cine nu știe?!", in 2899:, June 29, 1932, p. 6 2886:, July 15, 1932, p. 5 2860:, July 17, 1932, p. 5 2783:, Issue 3/2013, p. 39 2643:Jewish Daily Bulletin 2257:, Issue 97/1939, p. 4 1940: 1915:were arrested, while 1777: 1597: 1449:, who served time in 1289:Völkischer Beobachter 1272:Constantin Argetoianu 1270: 1153:(in or before 1938). 1144: 937:Constantin Argetoianu 913:Roman Catholic Church 652:King of the Romanians 625:conflicts of interest 307:First elected to the 5767:Aliyah Bet activists 5277:Editura Curtea Veche 4506:Petre T. Frangopol, 4319:Wallersteiner, p. 12 4009:Wallersteiner, p. 11 3951:, "On Broadway", in 3494:Gazeta Transilvaniei 3245:, Issue 6/1935, p. 4 3201:, Issue 5/2013, p. 7 2941:, August 1996, p. 51 2918:Gazeta Transilvaniei 2760:, Issue 5/1936, p. 5 2757:Gazeta Transilvaniei 2734:, p. 17. Bucharest: 2684:Lachmann, pp. 34, 40 2661:Wallersteiner, p. 10 2609:, p. 83. Bucharest: 2254:Gazeta Transilvaniei 2117:Victoria neînaripată 2061:Dow Chemical Company 1896:and wartime admiral 1229:Nazi racial policies 1052:La Roumanie Nouvelle 886:Charles Vyner Brooke 868:Livia Pordea in 1934 806:Guardist death squad 660:Romanian Freemasonry 633:controlling interest 350:Romanian nationalism 5832:Romanian Freemasons 5382:Hambledon Continuum 5302:Frank Cass & Co 4684:Burger, pp. 196–198 4638:Informația Prahovei 4372:Cristian Popișteanu 3744:, p. 261. Lincoln: 3014:Enache, pp. 192–198 2968:Enache, pp. 193–194 2781:Revista Hiperboreea 2611:Editura Cartea Rusă 2366:"Bibliografie", in 2179:Fondul Proprietatea 2154:Illinois Tool Works 2129:European Parliament 2057:plastic-bag zippers 2034:Constantin Vișoianu 2017:Walter Bedell Smith 1933:RNC and later years 1919:managed to escape. 1858:Ion Gheorghe Maurer 1850:national-communists 1764:Informația Prahovei 1760:W. Averell Harriman 1675:Third Romanian Army 1659:Constantin Vișoianu 1598:Auschnitt with the 1569:Obersturmbannführer 1556:Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu 1511:donated 50 million 1472:Alexandru Ottulescu 1435:Second Vienna Award 1203:, favoring instead 1171:Mandatory Palestine 1087:Pedro Prat y Soutzo 992:Alexandru Ioan Cuza 569:, including 11,000 547:united with Romania 445:Constantin Vișoianu 246:Max Carol Auschnitt 34:Max Carol Auschnitt 5842:Romanian defectors 5777:People from Galați 5602:Romanian investors 5411:Ultimele însemnări 5323:Palgrave Macmillan 5149:Mirodan, pp. 44–45 5110:Cronică de familie 5071:Michael Callahan, 4726:, June 2000, p. 25 4435:, October 27, 2014 4238:"Belu Zilber (II)" 3461:"Nerușinații dela 3220:Romulus Căplescu, 2582:Romulus Căplescu, 2233:, January 19, 1957 2230:The New York Times 2158:Harvard University 1947: 1788:Potsdam Conference 1784: 1608: 1485:United States Navy 1371:Gheorghe Tătărescu 1276: 1159: 956:debt restructuring 688:Dumitru Mociornița 618:Chrissoveloni Bank 590:Vickers-Armstrongs 586:Titan-Nădrag-Călan 573:of forest outside 405:sentenced to death 290:Vickers-Armstrongs 286:Titan-Nădrag-Călan 135:Kingdom of Romania 73:Senator of Romania 5867:Romanian escapees 5672:Romanian Zionists 5498:978-973-645-440-0 5468:978-6-06-927445-3 5449:Alexandru Mirodan 5444:978-606-543-991-7 5430:978-606-793-699-5 5331:978-1-349-55509-3 5291:Dosarele Istoriei 5229:978-963-386-075-5 5018:Constantin, p. 53 4996:Constantin, p. 52 4953:Evenimentul Zilei 4839:Monitorul Oficial 4735:Constantin, p. 51 4516:978-606-17-0975-5 4494:Monitorul Oficial 4410:Monitorul Oficial 4336:Sorin Turturică, 4294:978-973-0-34405-9 4272:The Jewish Herald 4218:Cioroianu, p. 107 4198:Almanahul Oștirii 4145:978-0-299-20794-6 4070:Monitorul Oficial 4050:Ciprian Stoleru, 3754:978-0-8032-2098-0 3655:978-973-8369-84-9 3624:Jurnalul Național 3516:978-606-8091-13-6 3378:978-97374-504-8-7 3104:978-973-46-5357-7 3079:Dosarele Istoriei 2406:Archiva Moldaviae 2354:Monitorul Oficial 2325:Monitorul Oficial 2225:"Max Ausnit Dies" 2170:Holocaust studies 2164:. He sponsored a 2142:Le Matin de Paris 2137:Jean-Marie Le Pen 2053:plastics industry 2001:Romanian diaspora 1945:, 1948 photograph 1848:circles, against 1756:Kathleen Harriman 1700:Allied Commission 1583:The Jewish Herald 1540:Balkan Federation 1529:Maximilian Popper 1509:Franz von Neumann 1391:Eugeniu Vârtejanu 1351:Gavrilă Marinescu 1318:sociétés anonymes 1163:Wilhelm Filderman 1079:Spanish Civil War 1000:Gavrilă Marinescu 704:Senate of Romania 680:Finance Ministers 545:once that region 437:plastics industry 414:Allied Commission 358:Roman Catholicism 243: 242: 128:February 14, 1888 16:(Redirected from 5884: 5877:Stateless people 5458:Lucian Nastasă, 5416:Diana Mandache, 5269:Adrian Cioroianu 5182: 5175: 5169: 5161:Jornal do Brasil 5156: 5150: 5147: 5141: 5132: 5126: 5123: 5117: 5103: 5097: 5088: 5082: 5069: 5063: 5056: 5050: 5047: 5041: 5038: 5032: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5010: 5003: 4997: 4994: 4988: 4985: 4979: 4976: 4970: 4963: 4957: 4940: 4934: 4925: 4919: 4912: 4906: 4899: 4893: 4890: 4881: 4878: 4872: 4858: 4852: 4849: 4843: 4834: 4828: 4817: 4811: 4804: 4798: 4797:Rusnac, pp. 9–11 4795: 4789: 4778:Cristian Franț, 4777: 4773: 4767: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4736: 4733: 4727: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4703: 4702:Mandache, p. 101 4700: 4694: 4691: 4685: 4682: 4676: 4673: 4667: 4660: 4654: 4647: 4641: 4634: 4625: 4618: 4612: 4605: 4596: 4593: 4587: 4580: 4574: 4567: 4561: 4558: 4549: 4542: 4536: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4518: 4504: 4498: 4489: 4483: 4482:(online edition) 4474:Florin Șperlea, 4473: 4469: 4460: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4436: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4405: 4399: 4396: 4390: 4389:Deletant, p. 114 4387: 4381: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4345: 4335: 4331: 4320: 4317: 4296: 4282: 4276: 4267: 4256: 4253: 4247: 4232: 4228: 4219: 4216: 4210: 4207: 4201: 4194: 4188: 4176:, p. 293. Iași: 4167: 4161: 4160:Deletant, p. 115 4158: 4147: 4122: 4116: 4109: 4103: 4096: 4090: 4083: 4074: 4065: 4059: 4049: 4045: 4036: 4029: 4023: 4016: 4010: 4007: 3994: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3976: 3973: 3967: 3964: 3958: 3946: 3940: 3930: 3921: 3918: 3912: 3909: 3903: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3876: 3873: 3867: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3849: 3846: 3831: 3828: 3822: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3804: 3801: 3792: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3756: 3735: 3729: 3726: 3720: 3717: 3711: 3708: 3702: 3699: 3690: 3687: 3681: 3678: 3672: 3663: 3657: 3643: 3637: 3634: 3628: 3627:, August 8, 2008 3615: 3594: 3591:Revista Istorică 3587: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3554: 3550:România Literară 3542: 3533: 3524: 3518: 3504: 3498: 3489: 3483: 3476: 3470: 3459: 3453: 3446: 3440: 3433: 3427: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3402: 3395: 3389: 3386: 3380: 3366: 3360: 3351: 3345: 3338: 3332: 3325: 3319: 3316:Lupta. Le Combat 3310:Vlad Stolojan, " 3308: 3302: 3299: 3286: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3264: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3246: 3235: 3229: 3219: 3215: 3202: 3195: 3180: 3171: 3165: 3158: 3152: 3144: 3133: 3124: 3115: 3112: 3106: 3088: 3082: 3075: 3069: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3037: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3006: 2999: 2993: 2984: 2978: 2975: 2969: 2966: 2960: 2957: 2951: 2948: 2942: 2933: 2922: 2913: 2900: 2893: 2887: 2880: 2874: 2867: 2861: 2852: 2846: 2839: 2833: 2824: 2815: 2797: 2784: 2774: 2770: 2761: 2752: 2746: 2725: 2719: 2716: 2710: 2703: 2697: 2694: 2685: 2682: 2676: 2673: 2662: 2659: 2646: 2636: 2623: 2620: 2614: 2600: 2591: 2581: 2577: 2548: 2539: 2530: 2520: 2516: 2479: 2472: 2466: 2459: 2438: 2431: 2418: 2415: 2409: 2402: 2393: 2386: 2371: 2364: 2358: 2349: 2343: 2340: 2329: 2320: 2307: 2295: 2291: 2258: 2249: 2234: 2222: 2213: 2206: 2147:Ion Mihai Pacepa 2105:Max și lumea lui 2089:Family Chronicle 1898:Horia Macellariu 1894:Nicolae Petrașcu 1846:internationalist 1838:communist regime 1790:would push back 1713:Finance Minister 1451:Malmaison prison 1340:Văcărești Prison 1323:money laundering 1225:Carpatho-Ukraine 1167:Armand Călinescu 1124:Lumea Românească 941:Elisabeta Palace 865: 853: 804:In late 1933, a 736:Great Depression 732:sugar refineries 692:Ernest Urdăreanu 478:Romanian Kingdom 466:Ukrainian Jewish 433:Nicolae Petrașcu 425:communist regime 266:Ukrainian Jewish 248:, also known as 207:(brother-in-law) 147: 144:January 18, 1957 127: 125: 113:Personal details 102: 83: 65: 44: 30: 29: 21: 5892: 5891: 5887: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5582: 5581: 5565: 5560: 5480:Magazin Istoric 5400:Social Research 5370:Magazin Istoric 5315:Dennis Deletant 5233:Ulrich Burger, 5191: 5186: 5185: 5176: 5172: 5157: 5153: 5148: 5144: 5133: 5129: 5124: 5120: 5104: 5100: 5089: 5085: 5070: 5066: 5057: 5053: 5048: 5044: 5039: 5035: 5026: 5022: 5017: 5013: 5004: 5000: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4982: 4977: 4973: 4964: 4960: 4941: 4937: 4926: 4922: 4913: 4909: 4900: 4896: 4891: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4846: 4835: 4831: 4818: 4814: 4805: 4801: 4796: 4792: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4746: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4723:Magazin Istoric 4719: 4715: 4710: 4706: 4701: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4661: 4657: 4648: 4644: 4635: 4628: 4619: 4615: 4606: 4599: 4594: 4590: 4581: 4577: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4552: 4543: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4525: 4521: 4505: 4501: 4490: 4486: 4471: 4470: 4463: 4456:Magazin Istoric 4452: 4448: 4444:Lapedatu, p. 59 4443: 4439: 4422: 4421: 4417: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4377:Magazin Istoric 4370: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4333: 4332: 4323: 4318: 4299: 4283: 4279: 4268: 4259: 4255:Lapedatu, p. 27 4254: 4250: 4230: 4229: 4222: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4195: 4191: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4150: 4123: 4119: 4110: 4106: 4097: 4093: 4084: 4077: 4066: 4062: 4047: 4046: 4039: 4030: 4026: 4017: 4013: 4008: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3970: 3965: 3961: 3949:Walter Winchell 3947: 3943: 3931: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3906: 3899:Magazin Istoric 3892: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3803:Lachmann, p. 34 3802: 3795: 3788:Magazin Istoric 3781: 3777: 3772: 3768: 3763: 3759: 3738:Andrei Oișteanu 3736: 3732: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3668:Magazin Istoric 3664: 3660: 3645:Nicolae Mareș, 3644: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3619:Dinu Zamfirescu 3617:Toma Roman Jr, 3616: 3597: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3557: 3543: 3536: 3525: 3521: 3505: 3501: 3490: 3486: 3477: 3473: 3463:Solia Dreptății 3460: 3456: 3447: 3443: 3434: 3430: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3396: 3392: 3387: 3383: 3367: 3363: 3352: 3348: 3342:Foaia Diecezană 3339: 3335: 3329:Foaia Diecezană 3326: 3322: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3289: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3258: 3253: 3249: 3236: 3232: 3217: 3216: 3205: 3196: 3183: 3172: 3168: 3159: 3155: 3145: 3136: 3125: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3089: 3085: 3076: 3072: 3066:Editura Minerva 3056: 3052: 3047: 3040: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3003:Muzeul Național 3000: 2996: 2989:Magazin Istoric 2985: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2945: 2938:Magazin Istoric 2934: 2925: 2914: 2903: 2897:Bukaresti Lapok 2894: 2890: 2881: 2877: 2868: 2864: 2853: 2849: 2840: 2836: 2825: 2818: 2799:Octavian Roske 2798: 2787: 2772: 2771: 2764: 2753: 2749: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2674: 2665: 2660: 2649: 2637: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2601: 2594: 2590:, February 2012 2579: 2578: 2551: 2540: 2533: 2518: 2517: 2482: 2473: 2469: 2460: 2441: 2432: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2403: 2396: 2387: 2374: 2365: 2361: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2332: 2321: 2310: 2293: 2292: 2261: 2250: 2237: 2223: 2216: 2207: 2200: 2195: 2087:'s 1956 novel, 2081: 2069:Grigore Gafencu 1962:Gazeta Literară 1935: 1917:Eftimie Gherman 1874:Nicolae Cristea 1866:Ion Sân-Giorgiu 1822:Dinu Zamfirescu 1780:nationalization 1772: 1704:Nicolae Rădescu 1692:Eugen Cristescu 1651:Royal Air Force 1592: 1517:Maria Antonescu 1497:Grigore Gafencu 1431: 1429:Antonescu years 1310:Polish refugees 1265: 1249:insider trading 1215:'s role in the 1195:As reported by 1151:Voivode Michael 1099:Romanianization 1028: 1026:Marginalization 1004:Romanian Police 933:Grigore Cerchez 909:Greek Catholics 894:Augustin Pordea 873: 872: 871: 870: 869: 866: 858: 857: 854: 754:Dem I. Dobrescu 716:1932 reelection 700: 610:Galați shipyard 535:Greater Romania 507:Virgil Madgearu 486:Istrate Micescu 470:Austria-Hungary 462: 457: 449:Nicolae Rădescu 354:Augustin Pordea 321:Dem I. Dobrescu 317:Virgil Madgearu 294:Greater Romania 262:interwar period 203: 202:(father-in-law) 200:Augustin Pordea 190: 177: 168:Political party 162: 153:, United States 149: 145: 129: 123: 121: 103: 98: 84: 79: 66: 61: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5890: 5880: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5787:Moldavian Jews 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5637:Vickers people 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5580: 5579: 5564: 5563:External links 5561: 5559: 5558: 5547: 5533: 5516: 5509: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5490:Editura Vremea 5483: 5470: 5456: 5446: 5432: 5422:Editura Corint 5414: 5404: 5392: 5376:Judith Keene, 5374: 5365: 5358: 5351: 5333: 5321:. Houndmills: 5312: 5294: 5287: 5266: 5248:Pavel Câmpeanu 5245: 5231: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5205: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5170: 5151: 5142: 5127: 5118: 5106:Alexandru Piru 5098: 5083: 5064: 5051: 5042: 5033: 5020: 5011: 4998: 4989: 4980: 4971: 4958: 4956:, June 8, 2019 4935: 4920: 4907: 4903:Caietele CNSAS 4894: 4882: 4873: 4853: 4844: 4829: 4812: 4799: 4790: 4768: 4749: 4737: 4728: 4713: 4704: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4655: 4642: 4626: 4613: 4597: 4588: 4586:, pp. 101, 124 4575: 4562: 4560:Burger, p. 197 4550: 4537: 4528: 4519: 4499: 4484: 4461: 4446: 4437: 4415: 4400: 4391: 4382: 4364: 4355: 4346: 4321: 4297: 4277: 4257: 4248: 4234:Stelian Tănase 4220: 4211: 4202: 4200:, 1987, p. 128 4189: 4162: 4148: 4117: 4104: 4091: 4075: 4060: 4037: 4024: 4011: 3995: 3993:Enache, p. 179 3986: 3977: 3968: 3959: 3941: 3922: 3920:Mirodan, p. 45 3913: 3904: 3886: 3877: 3868: 3859: 3850: 3832: 3823: 3814: 3805: 3793: 3783:Marthe Bibesco 3775: 3766: 3757: 3730: 3721: 3712: 3703: 3691: 3682: 3673: 3658: 3638: 3629: 3595: 3582: 3573: 3564: 3555: 3534: 3519: 3506:George Potra, 3499: 3484: 3471: 3454: 3441: 3428: 3412: 3403: 3390: 3381: 3361: 3346: 3333: 3320: 3303: 3287: 3274: 3265: 3256: 3247: 3230: 3203: 3181: 3166: 3153: 3134: 3129:Diário Carioca 3116: 3107: 3090:Roland Clark, 3083: 3070: 3058:Panait Istrati 3050: 3048:Waldeck, p. 20 3038: 3025: 3023:Enache, p. 198 3016: 3007: 2994: 2979: 2970: 2961: 2952: 2943: 2923: 2901: 2888: 2875: 2862: 2847: 2834: 2816: 2785: 2762: 2747: 2720: 2711: 2698: 2686: 2677: 2663: 2647: 2624: 2615: 2592: 2549: 2531: 2529:, January 2012 2480: 2467: 2439: 2419: 2410: 2394: 2372: 2359: 2344: 2330: 2308: 2259: 2235: 2214: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2133:National Front 2124:Romanian icons 2111:to publish an 2097:Balkan Trilogy 2093:Olivia Manning 2085:Petru Dumitriu 2080: 2077: 1934: 1931: 1913:Georg Hromadka 1909:Traian Cercega 1878:wall newspaper 1811:Anton Dumitriu 1803:Alexandru Popp 1771: 1768: 1636:British Cyprus 1628:Heinkel He 111 1591: 1588: 1573:Adolf Eichmann 1544:Târgu Jiu camp 1430: 1427: 1411:Doftana prison 1407:British pounds 1395:Dreyfus affair 1375:French Riviera 1280:Marthe Bibesco 1264: 1261: 1209:Little Entente 1205:Czechoslovakia 1155:Nicolae Malaxa 1120:Zaharia Stancu 1027: 1024: 1020:Elvira Godeanu 1012:Ion Iancovescu 931:. Designed by 901:Augustin Pacha 867: 860: 859: 855: 848: 847: 846: 845: 844: 840:Romanian Front 836:Victor Iamandi 825:Panait Istrati 810:Prime Minister 788:, launched by 786:Floarea de Foc 699: 696: 664:Aristide Blank 648:Carol Caraiman 500:Nicolae Malaxa 461: 458: 456: 453: 329:formed around 298:Nicolae Malaxa 241: 240: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 223: 217: 216: 213: 209: 208: 205:Gustave Pordea 197: 193: 192: 187: 183: 182: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 148:(aged 68) 142: 138: 137: 119: 115: 114: 110: 109: 106: 105: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 76: 75: 69: 68: 58: 57: 50: 49: 46: 45: 37: 36: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5889: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5782:Romanian Jews 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5536:R. G. Waldeck 5534: 5532: 5531:973-45-0176-3 5528: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5510: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5488:. Bucharest: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5473:Petre Pandrea 5471: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5420:. Bucharest: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5395:Kurt Lachmann 5393: 5391: 5390:0-7185-0126-8 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5350: 5349:973-45-0541-6 5346: 5342: 5339:. Bucharest: 5338: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5310:0-7146-3387-9 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5286: 5285:973-669-175-6 5282: 5278: 5275:. Bucharest: 5274: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5264:973-683-840-4 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5243:973-99605-1-0 5240: 5236: 5232: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5180: 5174: 5167: 5163: 5162: 5155: 5146: 5139: 5138: 5137:Contemporanul 5131: 5125:Keene, p. 242 5122: 5115: 5114:Iașul Literar 5112:, I—III", in 5111: 5107: 5102: 5095: 5094: 5087: 5080: 5079: 5074: 5068: 5062:, pp. 337–338 5061: 5055: 5046: 5037: 5030: 5024: 5015: 5008: 5002: 4993: 4984: 4975: 4969:, 2007, p. 31 4968: 4962: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4945: 4942:Radu Pădure, 4939: 4932: 4931: 4924: 4917: 4911: 4904: 4898: 4889: 4887: 4880:Rusnac, p. 10 4877: 4871: 4870:973-85738-4-X 4867: 4863: 4857: 4848: 4841: 4840: 4833: 4826: 4822: 4819:E. R. Frank, 4816: 4809: 4803: 4794: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4776:(in Romanian) 4772: 4765: 4761: 4753: 4744: 4742: 4732: 4725: 4724: 4717: 4708: 4699: 4690: 4681: 4672: 4665: 4659: 4652: 4646: 4639: 4633: 4631: 4623: 4617: 4610: 4604: 4602: 4592: 4585: 4579: 4572: 4566: 4557: 4555: 4547: 4541: 4532: 4523: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4496: 4495: 4488: 4481: 4477: 4472:(in Romanian) 4468: 4466: 4458: 4457: 4450: 4441: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4423:(in Romanian) 4419: 4412: 4411: 4404: 4395: 4386: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4359: 4350: 4343: 4339: 4334:(in Romanian) 4330: 4328: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4274: 4273: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4252: 4245: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4231:(in Romanian) 4227: 4225: 4215: 4206: 4199: 4193: 4187: 4186:973-681-989-2 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4166: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4121: 4114: 4108: 4101: 4095: 4088: 4082: 4080: 4072: 4071: 4064: 4057: 4053: 4048:(in Romanian) 4044: 4042: 4034: 4028: 4021: 4015: 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3990: 3981: 3972: 3963: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3927: 3917: 3908: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3881: 3872: 3863: 3854: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3827: 3818: 3809: 3800: 3798: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3770: 3761: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3725: 3716: 3707: 3698: 3696: 3686: 3677: 3670: 3669: 3662: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3633: 3626: 3625: 3620: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3592: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3559: 3552: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3539: 3531: 3530: 3523: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3496: 3495: 3488: 3481: 3475: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3451: 3445: 3438: 3432: 3425: 3424: 3416: 3407: 3400: 3394: 3385: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3365: 3358: 3357: 3350: 3343: 3337: 3330: 3324: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3284: 3278: 3269: 3260: 3251: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3227: 3223: 3218:(in Romanian) 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3200: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3178: 3177: 3170: 3163: 3157: 3150: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3131: 3130: 3123: 3121: 3111: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3080: 3074: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3045: 3043: 3035: 3029: 3020: 3011: 3004: 2998: 2991: 2990: 2983: 2974: 2965: 2956: 2947: 2940: 2939: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2920: 2919: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2898: 2892: 2885: 2879: 2872: 2866: 2859: 2858: 2851: 2844: 2838: 2831: 2830: 2823: 2821: 2814: 2813:973-85454-0-4 2810: 2806: 2802: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2782: 2778: 2775:Horațiu Dan, 2773:(in Romanian) 2769: 2767: 2759: 2758: 2751: 2745: 2744:973-9155-43-X 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2715: 2709:, 2015, p. 90 2708: 2702: 2693: 2691: 2681: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2619: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2589: 2585: 2580:(in Romanian) 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2546: 2545: 2538: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2521:Ioan Scurtu, 2519:(in Romanian) 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2477: 2471: 2464: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2436: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2414: 2407: 2401: 2399: 2391: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2369: 2363: 2356: 2355: 2348: 2342:Keene, p. 223 2339: 2337: 2335: 2327: 2326: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2296:Dani Dancea, 2294:(in Romanian) 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2256: 2255: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2232: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2219: 2211: 2205: 2203: 2198: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2168:and promoted 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1997:Richard Nixon 1995: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1983:New York City 1980: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1963: 1957: 1952: 1944: 1939: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1781: 1776: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1721:Ivan Susaykov 1718: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1612:Emil Bodnăraș 1605: 1601: 1596: 1587: 1585: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1564:Remus Koffler 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1548:Tudor Arghezi 1545: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1477:Horia Hulubei 1473: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1443:Ion Antonescu 1440: 1436: 1426: 1424: 1423:Albert Göring 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1365: 1364:French francs 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1319: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1294:Allied Powers 1291: 1290: 1285: 1284:Kurt Lachmann 1281: 1273: 1269: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1240: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1156: 1152: 1149:and his son, 1148: 1145:UDR visit by 1143: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1128:Tudor Arghezi 1125: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1103:Octavian Goga 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1075:Ion Mihalache 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 996:Nicolae Iorga 993: 989: 985: 981: 976: 974: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 944: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 921:Gheorghe Manu 918: 914: 910: 906: 903:'s chapel in 902: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 864: 852: 843: 841: 837: 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 817:R. G. Waldeck 814: 811: 807: 802: 800: 796: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 770:Gheorghe Beza 767: 763: 759: 758:Romanian Jews 755: 751: 750: 744: 743:Petre Pandrea 739: 737: 733: 729: 725: 724:price ceiling 721: 717: 713: 712:1928 election 709: 705: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676: 671: 670: 665: 661: 657: 656:Elena Lupescu 653: 649: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 621: 619: 615: 614:Creditanstalt 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 582: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 538: 536: 532: 528: 527:Romanian Army 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 503: 501: 497: 496: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 421: 419: 415: 411: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 389:Ion Antonescu 386: 385:Albert Göring 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 361: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 338:Elena Lupescu 335: 332: 328: 327: 322: 318: 314: 310: 305: 303: 302:Creditanstalt 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 238: 234: 230: 227: 224: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 201: 198: 194: 188: 184: 180: 175: 174: 170: 166: 160: 156: 152: 151:New York City 143: 139: 136: 132: 120: 116: 111: 107: 101: 96: 92: 88: 82: 77: 74: 70: 64: 59: 56: 53:Executive of 51: 47: 43: 38: 31: 19: 5632:Arms traders 5554: 5539: 5522: 5512: 5505: 5485: 5479: 5459: 5452: 5435: 5417: 5410: 5407:Ion Lapedatu 5398: 5377: 5368: 5361: 5354: 5336: 5318: 5297: 5290: 5272: 5251: 5234: 5216: 5207: 5201: 5178: 5173: 5165: 5159: 5154: 5145: 5135: 5130: 5121: 5113: 5109: 5101: 5091: 5086: 5081:, April 2010 5076: 5067: 5059: 5054: 5045: 5036: 5028: 5023: 5014: 5006: 5001: 4992: 4983: 4974: 4966: 4961: 4951: 4938: 4928: 4923: 4915: 4910: 4902: 4897: 4892:Savin, p. 61 4876: 4861: 4856: 4851:Savin, p. 60 4847: 4837: 4832: 4824: 4815: 4807: 4802: 4793: 4783: 4771: 4763: 4752: 4731: 4721: 4716: 4707: 4698: 4689: 4680: 4671: 4663: 4658: 4650: 4645: 4637: 4621: 4616: 4608: 4595:Rusnac, p. 9 4591: 4583: 4578: 4570: 4565: 4545: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4507: 4502: 4492: 4487: 4479: 4454: 4449: 4440: 4430: 4418: 4408: 4403: 4394: 4385: 4375: 4367: 4358: 4349: 4344:, April 2014 4341: 4285: 4280: 4270: 4251: 4241: 4214: 4205: 4197: 4192: 4170:Final Report 4169: 4165: 4128: 4120: 4112: 4107: 4099: 4094: 4086: 4068: 4063: 4058:, March 2012 4055: 4032: 4027: 4019: 4014: 3989: 3980: 3971: 3962: 3952: 3944: 3936: 3916: 3907: 3897: 3894:Ioan Lăcustă 3889: 3880: 3871: 3862: 3853: 3848:Gârlan, p. 8 3826: 3817: 3808: 3786: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3741: 3733: 3724: 3715: 3706: 3685: 3676: 3666: 3661: 3646: 3641: 3632: 3622: 3590: 3585: 3576: 3567: 3558: 3548: 3527: 3522: 3507: 3502: 3492: 3487: 3479: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3449: 3444: 3436: 3431: 3421: 3415: 3406: 3398: 3393: 3384: 3369: 3364: 3354: 3349: 3341: 3336: 3328: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3282: 3277: 3268: 3259: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3228:, March 2017 3225: 3198: 3174: 3169: 3161: 3156: 3147: 3127: 3110: 3091: 3086: 3078: 3073: 3061: 3053: 3033: 3028: 3019: 3010: 3002: 2997: 2987: 2982: 2973: 2964: 2955: 2946: 2936: 2916: 2896: 2891: 2883: 2878: 2870: 2865: 2855: 2850: 2842: 2837: 2827: 2804: 2800: 2780: 2755: 2750: 2731: 2723: 2714: 2706: 2701: 2680: 2642: 2618: 2606: 2587: 2542: 2526: 2476:Cuvântul Nou 2475: 2470: 2462: 2434: 2413: 2405: 2389: 2367: 2362: 2352: 2347: 2323: 2301: 2252: 2228: 2209: 2151: 2140: 2121: 2116: 2109:Radu Tudoran 2104: 2096: 2088: 2082: 2072: 2050: 2042:Fifth Avenue 2027: 2021: 1991: 1975: 1967:Piața Romană 1960: 1955: 1948: 1926: 1920: 1906: 1889:high treason 1882: 1870:nationalized 1835: 1819: 1800: 1796:Astra Brașov 1785: 1763: 1733: 1709: 1685: 1678: 1640: 1616:Ștefan Foriș 1609: 1581: 1567: 1533: 1513:Swiss francs 1504: 1500: 1489: 1460: 1432: 1414: 1401: 1399: 1387:philosemites 1378: 1368: 1348: 1344:Radu Tudoran 1336: 1331:Adolf Hitler 1326: 1316: 1314: 1287: 1277: 1241: 1237: 1233:Viorel Tilea 1194: 1183: 1175:Nazi Germany 1160: 1131: 1123: 1113: 1111: 1085:ambassador, 1072: 1067: 1051: 1042:'s calls to 1032:Lupist Party 1029: 982:parishes in 977: 959: 945: 898: 874: 833: 803: 785: 781: 777: 747: 740: 719: 701: 673: 667: 645: 636: 622: 606:Astra Brașov 583: 539: 504: 493: 463: 422: 407: 377:World War II 373:Nazi Germany 362: 342:anti-fascism 324: 306: 257: 253: 249: 245: 244: 171: 146:(1957-01-18) 99: 90:Constituency 80: 62: 5597:1959 deaths 5592:1888 births 5078:Vanity Fair 4944:Dan Ciachir 4757:(in French) 4573:, pp. 96–98 4133:Ivan R. Dee 4125:Radu Ioanid 3545:Paul Cornea 3237:"Telefonul 2603:Petru Groza 2183:Gigi Becali 2065:Park Avenue 2038:Barbizon 63 1987:1941 pogrom 1951:Vasile Luca 1943:Park Avenue 1927:in absentia 1862:Ioan Pangal 1815:Mihai Ralea 1770:Third trial 1680:in absentia 1647:Iuliu Maniu 1560:Belu Zilber 1447:Petru Groza 1263:First trial 1221:Škoda Works 1197:Jovan Dučić 1179:racial laws 1064:Iuliu Maniu 1044:nationalize 952:liabilities 882:White Rajah 813:Ion G. Duca 790:Sandu Tudor 598:Škoda Works 529:during the 409:in absentia 365:racial laws 274:World War I 181:(1937–1938) 173:Independent 158:Nationality 5586:Categories 5542:. London: 5189:References 4243:Revista 22 2884:Calendarul 2871:Calendarul 2544:La Liberté 2103:'s novel, 2046:Cary Grant 2024:Securitate 1994:US Senator 1842:Ana Pauker 1383:police van 1359:show trial 1253:backgammon 1245:Hungarians 1040:Ernest Ene 948:foreclosed 766:scrap iron 762:Iron Guard 720:Calendarul 594:Anglophile 460:Beginnings 381:show trial 346:Iron Guard 270:sheet iron 264:. Born to 250:Ausschnitt 232:Occupation 221:Alma mater 124:1888-02-14 5544:Constable 5492:, 2011. 5424:, 2019. 5384:, 2001. 5343:, 2006. 5325:, 2016. 5304:, 1990. 5279:, 2005. 5258:, 2002. 5223:, 2015. 5221:CEU Press 5166:Háromszék 4662:Schuyler 4649:Schuyler 4620:Schuyler 4607:Schuyler 4582:Schuyler 4544:Schuyler 4180:, 2004. 4139:, 2000. 3935:, in the 3748:, 2009. 3529:Universul 2738:, 1995. 2641:, in the 2009:Michael I 1826:The Hague 1731:in 1946. 1525:Cotroceni 1505:Something 1415:camarilla 1402:camarilla 1379:camarilla 1327:camarilla 1186:self-coup 1132:Universul 1115:Universul 1083:Francoist 1068:camarilla 960:camarilla 929:Bucharest 925:Dorobanți 917:godfather 905:Timișoara 808:murdered 778:Siguranța 749:Siguranța 728:schilling 675:camarilla 495:entrepôts 474:Sephardic 455:Biography 397:Holocaust 326:camarilla 280:(UDR) of 196:Relations 186:Spouse(s) 176:(to 1937) 104:1937–1938 100:In office 85:1929–1933 81:In office 63:In office 18:Auschnitt 5355:Danubius 5254:. Iași: 5093:Scînteia 5031:, p. 337 4930:Scînteia 4918:, p. 130 4785:Adevărul 4666:, p. 124 4653:, p. 277 4624:, p. 143 4611:, p. 395 4548:, p. 264 4480:Historia 4432:Adevărul 4342:Historia 4056:Historia 4020:Ardealul 3423:Adevărul 3226:Historia 3176:Adevărul 3094:. Iași: 2857:Adevărul 2829:Cuvântul 2728:Z. Ornea 2588:Historia 2527:Historia 2303:Adevărul 2187:crucifix 2101:I. 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Index