31:
497:
83:
587:
58:
1648:
598:) during the duck shooting season. Sometimes there is an extended season on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand. They are not generally hunted for food and most are not collected after the hunting session. They were sometimes eaten by Māori but were considered poor food, being sinewy and tough. In a written account given over 100 years ago, Māori were described as trapping pūkeko (near
343:
626:, between August (end of winter) and March (start of autumn). Most eggs are laid between August and February with breeding reaching a peak in spring between September and December. New Zealand pūkeko are joint-nesters and multiple females will lay their eggs in the same nest. The recent development of a useful PCR-based
401:, the bird seems to have become established in New Zealand about 1000 years ago. According to Millener (1981), it invaded from Australia less than 1,000 years ago. It is also assumed to have spread from Australia to New Guinea. Some assume that it became established before humans in New Zealand, but all known
445:
The New
Zealand population (along with green-yellow swamphens in Tasmania) are possibly slightly larger than mainland Australian birds, but are otherwise identical. When threatened, they will often walk away from danger rather than fly. When they fly, take-offs and landings are clumsy, and short
566:
In New
Zealand, the pūkeko is mentioned in the Māori myth "How the Kiwi lost her wings" in which several birds of the forest are asked to come down from the trees to eat the bugs on the ground and save the forest, but all give excuses except the kiwi who is willing to give up his colours and the
537:
only chiefs could keep such birds as pets, and early
European sailors noticed tethered and/or caged swamphens treated by Samoan chiefs as tamed pets. Some Samoans also considered the swamphen to be the incarnation of a mischievous, aggressive demon called Vave. There is no tradition of swamphens
609:
In New
Zealand and Australia populations have expanded due to the creation of new artificial lakes and ponds. The subspecies endemic to Palau has been considered endangered as well, although a 2005 survey found that the subspecies, while potentially threatened, is at least now still common.
639:
Birds are often seen singly, or in groups of two to three, foraging for food beside motorways or roadside ditches, and collecting grit. A study showed that the preferred grit colour is red (followed by yellow and lastly blue) even though red grit is less common.
630:
to determine the sex of pūkeko has revealed that there is no evidence of sex ratio bias in hatching-order. Patterns of growth, survivorship and adult dominance in this species is therefore attributed to hatching order rather than offspring sex
432:
group, more than 200 km from the nearest established population. This demonstrates the ability of swamphens to fly great distances over the sea. This ability to disperse is not unique to swamphens, but is common to all continental
578:. Tāwhaki cut himself while cutting timber and so daubed the pūkeko's forehead with his own blood to signify their bond. So the mischievous pūkeko gets his character from Punga and his noble badge from Tāwhaki.
377:– north, east Australia, Tasmania, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands (far east of Australia) and North, South, Stewart, Kermadec (northeast of North Island) and Chatham Island (east of South Island; New Zealand).
1177:
Healey, M. R.; Hing, J. S.; Dey, C.J.; Quinn, J. S. (2017). "A novel PCR-based genetic marker shows that sex of offspring does not account for hatch-order effects on growth, survival and dominance in Pūkeko
567:
ability to fly. The pūkeko's excuse is that it looks too damp down there, and he does not want to get his feet wet. The pūkeko is punished for his reluctance and told he must now live forever in the swamps.
1111:
Vanderwerf, Eric; Wiles, Gary; Marshall, Ann; Knetch, Melia (2006). "Observations of migrants and other birds in Palau, April–May 2005, including the first
Micronesian record of a Richard's Pipit".
469:. On islands where closely related species have become extinct or declined due to human interference, such as New Zealand or New Caledonia, this species has established itself relatively recently.
602:). They would choose a suitable place where pūkeko were known to feed, and drive a series of stakes into the ground. These stakes were connected by a fine flax string. Hair-like nooses (made from
481:. When unsuccessful at repelling predators, they may abandon their nest sites. A recent arrival to New Zealand, they have thrived in an environment that now contains introduced predators such as
281:
The
Australasian swamphen occurs in mainland Australia, eastern Indonesia, the Moluccas, Aru and Kai Islands, and in Papua New Guinea. It is also found on New Zealand's main islands and in the
405:
occur in sites younger than 400 years and there is no evidence that they were on the main islands of New
Zealand before the Māori arrived. East Coast Māori say they came to New Zealand on the
509:
The colour red was associated with nobility and power by Māori in New
Zealand, so the bird was held in high esteem and held as a chiefly pet because of its red beak and legs. In
1052:
2629:
2754:
1256:
606:
fibre) were then dangled at the appropriate height, from the flax string, to catch pūkeko as they fed after dusk, in the low light conditions.
2642:
2719:
533:) were highly prized, the swamphen was unique in deriving its prestige not from plumage but from its reddish face, beak, and legs. In old
477:
They live in groups of 3–12 individuals and are known to group together and shriek loudly to defend nests successfully during attacks by
2603:
558:, another Māori word for the pūkeko). They are known to steal eggs from each other and this is an indication of their character.
550:(sweet potato) and taro. A stubborn, annoying person was compared metaphorically to the bird, and was said to have pūkeko ears (
517:(literally, "chiefly bird"). Red was the prized color of Polynesian aristocracy and while birds with red plumage (such as the
1036:
949:
801:
2734:
1249:
1099:
685:
1053:
http://maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&histLoanWords=&keywords=pakura
2749:
2408:
2131:
2647:
347:
2359:
2354:
2349:
1226:
1089:
30:
1208:
Clare
Washington (Lincoln University) did a study in Christchurch – found in ASSAB 2000 27th annual conference
2744:
2558:
1242:
594:
In New
Zealand, they are protected as native gamebirds, meaning they may be hunted only under licence (from
2739:
574:(the ancestor of sharks and reptiles – enemies of the people) but was claimed by relative (and high chief)
424:
In support of the belief that it is a good flyer, and may have self-introduced, a dead pūkeko was found on
2729:
2479:
1553:
82:
2657:
2320:
595:
2438:
2332:
1899:
1887:
546:
Pūkeko are known for their bold scheming and determination. In times past, they raided gardens for
454:
Australasian swamphens are considered to be the ancestors of several island species including the
1952:
1940:
1688:
839:
Trewick, S.A. (1996). "Morphology and evolution of two takahe: flightless rails of New Zealand".
412:
193:
2683:
2634:
2567:
2520:
2212:
1863:
1594:
868:"Flightlessness and Phylogeny amongst Endemic Rails (Aves: Rallidae) of the New Zealand Region"
2450:
1858:
1853:
1741:
2678:
2491:
2315:
2310:
2200:
2044:
1916:
1875:
1517:
1138:
Craig, J. L. (1980). "Pair and group breeding behaviour of a communal gallinule, the Pukeko,
530:
522:
518:
177:
2670:
2572:
2141:
1826:
1454:
1353:
1281:
1265:
737:"A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact"
707:
8:
2271:
2259:
1724:
1712:
1676:
1377:
1064:
603:
496:
425:
47:
2724:
2418:
2413:
2234:
2185:
2175:
1790:
1664:
1606:
1471:
1466:
1425:
1365:
1159:
892:
867:
852:
458:
311:(Bonaparte, 1856) is found from the Lesser Sundas and Moluccas to New Guinea. It is as
202:
77:
1647:
1155:
794:
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds: Volume 2, Raptors to Lapwings
2696:
2665:
2462:
2433:
2423:
2396:
2369:
2283:
2027:
1988:
1746:
1488:
1476:
1442:
1413:
1401:
1341:
1293:
1120:
1095:
1068:
1032:
945:
897:
797:
681:
571:
1163:
2496:
2467:
2386:
2300:
2056:
2039:
1618:
1329:
1191:
1151:
916:
887:
879:
848:
748:
623:
429:
286:
254:
2582:
753:
736:
2543:
2391:
2364:
2005:
1928:
1505:
675:
619:
282:
270:
538:
being taken as sport game or poultry food, except perhaps in time of necessity.
2222:
2102:
2073:
2061:
1763:
1529:
997:
962:
627:
290:
1736:
1220:
622:. In New Zealand they nest, typically well hidden in the middle of a clump of
2713:
2195:
2190:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2097:
1176:
1124:
478:
416:
328:
67:
62:
599:
365:– north, southeast Sulawesi, Moluccas, Lesser Sundas and New Guinea region.
2374:
2217:
2085:
1964:
1838:
1700:
1565:
1389:
1228:
A History of the Birds of New Zealand. Porphyrio Melanonotus — (Swamp-Hen.)
883:
901:
660:
2616:
2552:
2180:
2015:
1802:
526:
466:
262:
250:
246:
144:
818:
2691:
2608:
2428:
1976:
1904:
1317:
1234:
1083:
Taylor, P. B. (1996). "Family Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules and Coots)".
586:
389:– Admiralty Islands to New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Fiji and Samoa.
134:
2621:
1195:
735:
Holdaway, Richard N.; Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2001).
575:
359:
The Australasian swamphen has five subspecies distributed as follows:
2114:
1843:
1814:
1541:
1087:
del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (eds.) :
411:
canoe which arrived about 24 generations ago. The Aotea tribe of the
258:
238:
94:
2595:
2514:
1500:
1437:
462:
2537:
2337:
1589:
641:
490:
434:
242:
230:
154:
114:
986:
Corey & Shirley Muse, "The Birds and Birdlore of Samoa," 1982.
618:
Nesting, breeding and rearing are as for the general species, see
1630:
455:
407:
1577:
1305:
590:
Traffic sign in New Zealand cautioning drivers of nearby pūkeko
486:
402:
104:
2590:
1110:
534:
510:
342:
332:
298:
315:
but smaller, more variable and less blue in the upperparts.
2295:
1758:
124:
2305:
1848:
482:
383:– far southwest Western Australia (southwest Australia).
269:. The species used to be considered a subspecies of the
1004:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatu-Taonga
969:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatu-Taonga
923:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatu-Taonga
734:
942:
Extinction and Biogeography in Tropical Pacific Birds
998:"Nga- manu – birds – Sayings, metaphors and stories"
293:, black upperparts, and a purple throat and breast.
796:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. p. 590.
415:say that their ancestors introduced pūkeko in the
371:– Palau (west Caroline Islands, west Micronesia).
2711:
673:
437:, hence they are often found on remote islands.
914:
872:Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences
791:
392:
1031:. Reed Publishing (NZ) Ltd. pp. 118–120.
1250:
963:"Wetland birds – Pukeko and Australian coots"
661:"Australasian Swamphen – Porphyrio melanotus"
339:but smaller, with a brown tinge on the back.
674:Heather, Barrie D.; Robertson, Hugh (2005).
305:but has greener upperparts and is smaller.
2500:
2483:
2471:
2454:
2442:
2400:
2378:
2341:
2324:
2287:
2275:
2263:
2238:
2226:
2204:
2167:
2145:
2118:
2106:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2048:
2031:
2019:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1830:
1818:
1806:
1794:
1767:
1750:
1728:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1680:
1668:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1492:
1480:
1458:
1446:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
792:Marchant, S.; Higgins, P. J., eds. (1993).
677:The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand
581:
570:By one account, the pūkeko is the spawn of
323:but has a cerulean blue throat and breast.
319:(Gould, 1820) from Western Australia is as
1257:
1243:
56:
29:
1022:
1020:
1018:
891:
752:
1264:
1002:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
967:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
921:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
585:
504:
495:
472:
341:
327:(Peale, 1848) occurs from New Guinea to
865:
838:
708:"Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio)"
397:According to the Heather and Robertson
2712:
1063:
1057:
1026:
1015:
2755:Taxa named by Coenraad Jacob Temminck
2519:
2518:
1238:
1137:
1070:A history of the birds of New Zealand
995:
960:
816:
730:
728:
634:
265:. In New Zealand, it is known as the
2658:0e15c222-c594-4964-8a71-476f239143af
2720:IUCN Red List least concern species
1231:, Walter Lawry Buller, 1888, London
1077:
297:(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872) from
13:
853:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05391.x
725:
561:
14:
2766:
1214:
1094:: 197, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
541:
2409:North Island little spotted kiwi
1646:
767:
446:flight distances are preferred.
81:
41:, Northern Territory, Australia
1202:
1170:
1131:
1104:
1045:
989:
980:
961:Troup, Christina (2009-03-01).
954:
944:, University of Chicago Press.
934:
908:
859:
428:, a tiny, isolated rock in the
276:
2360:North Island stout-legged wren
2355:South Island stout-legged wren
1090:Handbook of Birds of the World
1051:"Pākura" in Māori Dictionary,
915:Gerard Hutching (2009-03-01).
832:
819:"New Zealand Ecology – Takahē"
810:
785:
776:
761:
741:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
700:
667:
653:
440:
1:
1180:Porphyrio melanotus melanotus
1156:10.1016/S0003-3472(80)80068-6
917:"Large forest birds – Takahe"
782:Tennyson & Taylor (1989).
754:10.1080/03014223.2001.9518262
712:Birds in Backyards Fact sheet
647:
613:
493:(Brunin and Jamieson, 1995).
354:
211:Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus
680:(revised ed.). Viking.
393:Establishment in New Zealand
348:Pāuatahanui Wildlife Reserve
7:
2735:Birds of the Maluku Islands
996:Keane, Kelly (2009-03-01).
10:
2771:
2480:New Zealand owlet-nightjar
1554:South Island oystercatcher
714:. Birds in Backyards. 2010
449:
2527:
2321:Auckland Island merganser
2250:
2130:
2004:
1779:
1655:
1644:
1272:
1027:Orbell, Margaret (2003).
644:is a cause of mortality.
350:, Wellington, New Zealand
208:
201:
183:
176:
78:Scientific classification
76:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
2333:Chatham Island merganser
1900:Northern royal albatross
1888:New Zealand storm petrel
1092:Vol. 3 (Hoatzin to Auks)
770:Forest Lore of the Māori
582:Hunting and conservation
2750:Birds described in 1820
1953:South Island saddleback
1941:North Island saddleback
1917:Orange-fronted parakeet
1689:North Island brown kiwi
866:Trewick, S. A. (1997).
237:) occurring in eastern
2501:
2484:
2472:
2455:
2443:
2401:
2379:
2342:
2325:
2288:
2276:
2264:
2239:
2227:
2205:
2168:
2146:
2119:
2107:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2049:
2032:
2020:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1864:New Zealand fairy tern
1831:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1768:
1751:
1729:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1595:Variable oystercatcher
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1493:
1481:
1459:
1447:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1140:Porphyrio p. melanotus
884:10.1098/rstb.1997.0031
591:
523:Hawaiian honeycreepers
501:
351:
24:Australasian swamphen
2679:Paleobiology Database
2492:New Zealand musk duck
2439:Scarlett's shearwater
2316:South Island adzebill
2311:North Island adzebill
2201:Erect-crested penguin
2045:Chatham oystercatcher
1876:New Zealand king shag
1518:New Zealand rock wren
589:
531:maroon shining parrot
519:red-tailed tropicbird
505:In Polynesian culture
499:
479:Australasian harriers
473:Defence and behaviour
345:
221:Australasian swamphen
2745:Birds of New Zealand
2142:Antipodean albatross
2132:Subantarctic islands
1455:New Zealand dotterel
1354:Double-banded plover
1266:Birds of New Zealand
1223:at New Zealand Birds
940:Steadman D, (2006).
2740:Birds of New Guinea
2697:Porphyrio-melanotus
2559:Porphyrio melanotus
2529:Porphyrio melanotus
2451:North Island takahē
2326:rakiraki maungahuka
2272:New Zealand bittern
2260:South Island piopio
2213:Reischek's parakeet
1859:South Island kōkako
1854:North Island kōkako
1742:South Island takahē
1725:Yellow-eyed penguin
1713:Southern brown kiwi
1677:Little spotted kiwi
817:Woodhouse, Graeme.
461:and two species of
226:Porphyrio melanotus
187:Porphyrio melanotus
48:Conservation status
2730:Birds of Australia
2419:South Island snipe
2414:North Island snipe
2235:Subantarctic snipe
2186:Campbell albatross
2176:Antipodes parakeet
2120:kawau o rangihaute
1791:Black-fronted tern
1665:Great spotted kiwi
1607:White-fronted tern
1472:North Island robin
1467:South Island robin
1426:Long-tailed cuckoo
1366:New Zealand falcon
841:Journal of Zoology
635:Roadside behaviour
592:
502:
459:Lord Howe swamphen
363:P. m. melanopterus
352:
309:P. p. melanopterus
229:) is a species of
2707:
2706:
2666:Open Tree of Life
2521:Taxon identifiers
2512:
2511:
2463:New Zealand goose
2284:New Zealand quail
2028:Chatham albatross
1747:Fiordland penguin
1489:Paradise shelduck
1477:New Zealand scaup
1414:Sacred kingfisher
1402:Grey-faced petrel
1294:Black-billed gull
1196:10.1111/ibi.12486
1038:978-0-7900-0909-4
1029:Birds of Aotearoa
950:978-0-226-77142-7
878:(1352): 429–446.
803:978-0-19-553244-9
289:. It has a small
217:
216:
169:P. melanotus
71:
2762:
2700:
2699:
2687:
2686:
2674:
2673:
2661:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2638:
2637:
2625:
2624:
2612:
2611:
2599:
2598:
2586:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2497:New Zealand swan
2487:
2475:
2458:
2446:
2404:
2382:
2350:Long-billed wren
2345:
2328:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2242:
2230:
2208:
2171:
2149:
2122:
2110:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2057:Chatham parakeet
2052:
2040:Chatham gerygone
2035:
2023:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1834:
1822:
1810:
1798:
1771:
1754:
1732:
1720:
1708:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1525:
1513:
1496:
1484:
1462:
1450:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1330:Buff-banded rail
1325:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1144:Animal Behaviour
1135:
1129:
1128:
1108:
1102:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1024:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
993:
987:
984:
978:
977:
975:
974:
958:
952:
938:
932:
931:
929:
928:
912:
906:
905:
895:
863:
857:
856:
836:
830:
829:
827:
826:
814:
808:
807:
789:
783:
780:
774:
773:
765:
759:
758:
756:
732:
723:
722:
720:
719:
704:
698:
697:
695:
694:
671:
665:
664:
657:
426:L'Esperance Rock
369:P. m. pelewensis
295:P. p. pelewensis
287:Kermadec Islands
255:Papua New Guinea
189:
86:
85:
65:
60:
59:
33:
21:
20:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2695:
2690:
2682:
2677:
2669:
2664:
2656:
2654:
2646:
2641:
2633:
2628:
2620:
2615:
2607:
2602:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2579:
2571:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2523:
2513:
2508:
2392:Waitaha penguin
2387:Chatham penguin
2252:
2246:
2134:
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2008:
2006:Chatham Islands
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1922:kākāriki karaka
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513:, it is called
507:
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387:P. m. samoensis
375:P. m. melanotus
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271:purple swamphen
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2206:tawaki nana hī
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2103:Magenta petrel
2100:
2095:
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2062:Chatham petrel
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1190:(4): 725–733.
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847:(2): 221–237.
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747:(2): 119–187.
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2169:tētē kākāriki
2165:
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178:Binomial name
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63:Least Concern
53:
49:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2528:
2375:Laughing owl
2370:Chatham kākā
2365:Lyall's wren
2218:Snares snipe
2086:Chatham shag
1965:Shore plover
1839:Foveaux shag
1764:Blue penguin
1701:Okarito kiwi
1566:Spotted shag
1494:pūtangitangi
1390:Grey warbler
1227:
1204:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1119:(1): 11–29.
1116:
1112:
1106:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1047:
1028:
1006:. Retrieved
1001:
991:
982:
971:. Retrieved
966:
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941:
936:
925:. Retrieved
920:
910:
875:
871:
861:
844:
840:
834:
823:. Retrieved
812:
793:
787:
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769:
763:
744:
740:
716:. Retrieved
711:
702:
691:. Retrieved
676:
669:
655:
638:
617:
608:
604:cabbage tree
593:
569:
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547:
545:
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381:P. m. bellus
380:
379:
374:
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368:
367:
362:
361:
358:
336:
335:, and is as
324:
320:
317:P. p. bellus
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
301:, resembles
294:
280:
277:Distribution
266:
234:
225:
224:
220:
218:
210:
209:
186:
184:
168:
167:
155:
38:
18:
2617:iNaturalist
2553:Wikispecies
2485:ruru hinapō
2181:Bounty shag
2016:Black robin
1803:Black stilt
1636:ngutuparore
1600:tōrea pango
1511:tītipounamu
1460:tūturiwhatu
1335:moho-pererū
1113:Micronesica
467:New Zealand
441:Description
399:Field Guide
263:New Zealand
251:Kai Islands
2714:Categories
2692:Xeno-canto
2473:manutahora
2429:Snipe-rail
2343:mātuhituhi
1989:Yellowhead
1977:Stitchbird
1905:Otago shag
1893:takahikare
1780:Endangered
1656:Flightless
1571:pārekareka
1383:pīwakawaka
1318:Brown teal
1008:2010-10-02
973:2010-10-02
927:2010-10-02
825:2010-10-01
718:2010-10-02
693:2019-05-26
648:References
614:Life cycle
600:Lake Taupō
500:A juvenile
413:West Coast
355:Subspecies
135:Gruiformes
2725:Porphyrio
2544:Q27074640
2228:pokotiwha
2115:Pitt shag
1970:tūturuatu
1934:tarāpunga
1881:kawau tūī
1815:Blue duck
1796:tarapiroe
1624:pōpokotea
1619:Whitehead
1542:Silvereye
1125:0026-279X
525:like the
515:manuali'i
491:mustelids
337:melanotus
321:melanotus
313:melanotus
303:melanotus
259:Australia
239:Indonesia
235:Porphyrio
163:Species:
156:Porphyrio
101:Kingdom:
95:Eukaryota
2635:10655974
2573:22732685
2568:BirdLife
2538:Wikidata
2338:Bushwren
2240:tutukiwi
1869:tara-iti
1827:Fernbird
1784:(flying)
1583:miromiro
1523:pīwauwau
1506:Rifleman
1448:pīhoihoi
1395:riroriro
1371:kārearea
1359:pohowera
1342:Dabchick
1299:tarāpuka
1287:korimako
1282:Bellbird
1164:54254574
1067:(1873).
642:Roadkill
554:, using
435:Rallidae
430:Kermadec
243:Moluccas
231:swamphen
203:Synonyms
194:Temminck
145:Rallidae
141:Family:
115:Chordata
111:Phylum:
105:Animalia
91:Domain:
68:IUCN 2.3
2609:5817288
2596:purswa6
2583:purswa6
2402:kērangi
2277:kaoriki
2251:Extinct
2067:ranguru
1718:tokoeka
1631:Wrybill
1482:pāpango
1431:koekoeā
1378:Fantail
902:9163823
893:1691940
576:Tāwhaki
521:, some
487:rodents
456:extinct
450:Ecology
421:canoe.
408:Horouta
403:fossils
283:Chatham
151:Genus:
131:Order:
121:Class:
66: (
2684:371224
2671:380192
2655:NZOR:
2622:418530
2444:ōiruki
2380:whēkau
2289:koreke
2265:piopio
2021:karure
1910:Matapo
1832:mātātā
1769:kororā
1752:tawaki
1737:Kākāpō
1578:Tomtit
1547:tauhou
1501:Pūkeko
1438:Kererū
1419:kōtare
1347:weweia
1323:pāteke
1311:pipipi
1273:Common
1221:Pūkeko
1162:
1123:
1098:
1035:
948:
900:
890:
800:
684:
556:Pākura
548:kūmara
527:ʻiʻiwi
463:takahē
291:shield
267:pūkeko
196:, 1820
2648:72013
2630:IRMNG
2591:eBird
2580:BOW:
2502:poūwa
2253:birds
2147:Toroa
2135:birds
2108:tāiko
2091:papua
2079:parea
2050:tōrea
2033:toroa
2009:birds
1994:mōhua
1958:tīeke
1946:tīeke
1730:hoiho
1694:roroa
1670:roroa
1658:birds
1559:tōrea
1443:Pipit
1275:birds
1160:S2CID
624:raupō
572:Punga
535:Samoa
511:Samoa
418:Aotea
333:Samoa
299:Palau
241:(the
2643:NCBI
2604:GBIF
2456:moho
2296:Huia
1982:hihi
1844:Kākā
1820:whio
1808:kakī
1759:Weka
1706:rowi
1612:tara
1184:Ibis
1121:ISSN
1096:ISBN
1033:ISBN
946:ISBN
898:PMID
798:ISBN
682:ISBN
529:and
489:and
483:cats
331:and
285:and
261:and
249:and
219:The
125:Aves
2306:Moa
1849:Kea
1590:Tūī
1192:doi
1188:159
1182:".
1152:doi
1142:".
1085:In:
888:PMC
880:doi
876:352
849:doi
845:238
749:doi
465:in
253:),
247:Aru
2716::
2694::
2681::
2668::
2645::
2632::
2619::
2606::
2593::
2570::
2555::
2540::
1407:ōi
1186:.
1158:.
1148:28
1146:.
1117:39
1115:.
1017:^
1000:.
965:.
919:.
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