Papua New Guinea - Knowledge

3049:

relations for the use of land with the true owners. Customary property—usually land—cannot be devised by will. It can only be inherited according to the custom of the deceased's people. The Lands Act was amended in 2010 along with the Land Group Incorporation Act, intended to improve the management of state land, mechanisms for dispute resolution over land, and to enable customary landowners to be better able to access finance and possible partnerships over portions of their land if they seek to develop it for urban or rural economic activities. The Land Group Incorporation Act requires more specific identification of the customary landowners than hitherto and their more specific authorisation before any land arrangements are determined; (a major issue in recent years has been a land grab, using, or rather misusing, the Lease-Leaseback provision under the Land Act, notably using 'Special Agricultural and Business Leases' (SABLs) to acquire vast tracts of customary land, purportedly for agricultural projects, but in almost all cases as a back-door mechanism for securing tropical forest resources for logging—circumventing the more exacting requirements of the Forest Act, for securing Timber Permits (which must comply with sustainability requirements and be competitively secured, and with the customary landowners' approval). Following a national outcry, these SABLs have been subject to a Commission of Inquiry, established in mid-2011, for which the report is still awaited for initial presentation to the Prime Minister and Parliament.

5111: 5108: 1052: 2735: 2330:, who was deemed by the supreme court to retain office. The stand-off between parliament and the supreme court continued until the July 2012 national elections, with legislation passed effectively removing the chief justice and subjecting the supreme court members to greater control by the legislature, as well as a series of other laws passed, for example limiting the age for a prime minister. The confrontation reached a peak, with the deputy prime minister entering the supreme court during a hearing, escorted by police, ostensibly to arrest the chief justice. There was strong pressure among some MPs to defer the national elections for a further six months to one year, although their powers to do that were highly questionable. The parliament-elect prime minister and other cooler-headed MPs carried the votes for the writs for the new election to be issued, slightly late, but for the election itself to occur on time, thereby avoiding a continuation of the constitutional crisis. 1041: 1033: 1962: 1486: 2197: 1304: 8995: 2710:, to take note of the "custom" of traditional communities. They are to determine which customs are common to the whole country and may be declared also to be part of the underlying law. In practice, this has proved difficult and has been largely neglected. Statutes are largely adapted from overseas jurisdictions, primarily Australia and England. Advocacy in the courts follows the adversarial pattern of other common-law countries. This national court system, used in towns and cities, is supported by a village court system in the more remote areas. The law underpinning the village courts is 'customary law'. 1419: 2542: 109: 2592: 12635: 4352: 3116:

out of ten were also co-authored by scientists from other countries, mainly Australia, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Spain and Switzerland. In 2019, Papua New Guinea took second place among Pacific Island states with 253 publications, behind Fiji with 303 publications, in the Scopus (Elsevier) database of scientific publications. Health sciences accounted for 49% of these publications. Papua New Guinea's top scientific collaborators from 2017 to 2019 were Australia, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, France and India.

2865:

and islands) and the high cost of developing infrastructure, combined with other factors (including law and order problems in some centres and the system of customary land title) make it difficult for outside developers. Local developers are hindered by years of deficient investment in education, health, and access to finance. Agriculture, for subsistence and cash crops, provides a livelihood for 85% of the population and continues to provide some 30% of GDP. Mineral deposits, including gold, oil, and copper, account for 72% of export earnings.

4065: 2141: 1916: 95: 3337: 16097: 2845:

effective local-level systems of policing and enforcement, notably the village court magisterial service. The weaknesses of police capacity, poor working conditions and recommendations to address them were the subject of the 2004 Royal PNG Constabulary Administrative Review to the Minister for Internal Security. In 2011, Commissioner for Police Anthony Wagambie took the unusual step of asking the public to report police asking for payments for performing their duties. In September 2020, Minister for Police

2169: 2993:, partly to stabilise revenue and expenditure flows, but much will depend upon the readiness to make real reforms to effective use of revenue, tackling rampant corruption and empowering households and businesses to access markets, services and develop a more buoyant economy, with lower costs, especially for small to medium-sized enterprises. One major project conducted through the PNG Department for Community Development suggested that other pathways to sustainable development should be considered. 164: 3604: 1204: 9517: 2850:

from their own retired officers’ pension funds. They were implicated in organised crime, drug syndicates, smuggling firearms, stealing fuel, insurance scams, and even misusing police allowances. They misused tens of millions of kina allocated for police housing, resources, and welfare. We also uncovered many cases of senior officers facilitating the theft of Police land." Commissioner for Police David Manning, in a separate statement, said that his force included "criminals in uniform."

3347: 4233: 521: 13581: 9382: 4032: 4047: 4219: 10821: 10808: 9906: 4055: 9372: 696: 653: 634: 601: 582: 3590: 2035: 4002:

2000s. The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Papua New Guinea was 250. This is compared with 311.9 in 2008 and 476.3 in 1990. The under-5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births is 69 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under-5s' mortality is 37. In Papua New Guinea, the number of midwives per 1,000 live births is 1 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women is 1 in 94.

3009: 3612: 13330: 3674:, is published. The only area where Tok Pisin is not prevalent is the southern region of Papua, where people often use the third official language, Hiri Motu. Although it lies in the Papua region, Port Moresby has a highly diverse population that primarily uses Tok Pisin, and to a lesser extent English, with Motu spoken as the indigenous language in outlying villages. 2772:, claimed 50% of those seeking medical help after rape are under 16, 25% are under 12, and 10% are under 8. Under Dame Carol's term as Minister for Community Development, Parliament passed the Family Protection Act (2013) and the Lukautim Pikini Act (2015), although the Family Protection Regulation was not approved until 2017, delaying its application in the Courts. 3000:, a PNG independent policy think tank, provides a report on the business and investment environment of Papua New Guinea every five years, based upon a survey of large and small, local and overseas companies, highlighting law and order problems and corruption, as the worst impediments, followed by the poor state of transport, power and communications infrastructure. 2288:

months of the next election. In 2012, the first two (of three) readings were passed to prevent votes of no confidence occurring within the first 30 months. This restriction on votes of no confidence has arguably resulted in greater stability, although perhaps at the cost of reducing the accountability of the executive branch of government.

2900:, restore stability to the national budget, privatise public enterprises where appropriate, and ensure ongoing peace on Bougainville following the 1997 agreement which ended Bougainville's secessionist unrest. The Morauta government had considerable success in attracting international support, specifically gaining the backing of the 3131:

Renewable Energy in Pacific Island Countries Developing Skills and Capacity programme (EPIC) over 2013 to 2017. The programme developed a master's programme in renewable energy management, accredited in 2016, at the University of Papua New Guinea and helped to establish a Centre of Renewable Energy at the same university.

4744: 3921:, with women predominating in this area. Much of the education in PNG is provided by church institutions. This includes 500 schools of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea has six universities as well as other tertiary institutions. The two founding universities are the 7803:

The NSW library's article further references the following primary sources (publications): * Drew, Philip, Leaves of Iron Glen Murcutt: pioneer of Australian Architectural Form, Harper Collins, Sydney 1985 * Nelson, Hank, Taim Bilong Masta, The Australian involvement in Papua New Guinea, Australian

4465:

There is no specific legislation proclaiming official languages in Papua New Guinea. In the constitution of Papua New Guinea, section 2(11) (literacy) of its preamble mentions '...all persons and governmental bodies to endeavour to achieve universal literacy in Pisin, Hiri Motu or English' as well as

3149:

The country's mountainous terrain impedes transport. Aeroplanes opened up the country during its colonial period and continue to be used for most travel and most high-density/value freight. The capital, Port Moresby, has no road links to any of PNG's other major towns. Similarly, many remote villages

3119:

Forestry is an important economic resource for Papua New Guinea, but the industry uses low and semi-intensive technological inputs. As a result, product ranges are limited to sawed timber, veneer, plywood, block board, moulding, poles and posts and wood chips. Only a few limited finished products are

2963:

Provinces of Papua New Guinea, including liquefaction and storage facilities (located northwest of Port Moresby) with capacity of 6.9 million tonnes per year. There are over 700 kilometres (430 mi) of pipelines connecting the facilities. It is the largest private-sector investment in the history

2816:

from the 1970s-1990s found in government armouries during an audit in 2004 and 2005. The smuggling and theft of ammunition have also increased violence in these regions, leading to the police force and military finding it difficult to maintain control. Often finding themselves outgunned and only able

2287:

in parliament, with resulting changes of the government, but with referral to the electorate, through national elections only occurring every five years. In recent years, successive governments have passed legislation preventing such votes sooner than 18 months after a national election and within 12

1279:

In contrast to establishing an Australian mandate in former German New Guinea, the League of Nations determined that Papua was an external territory of the Australian Commonwealth; as a matter of law it remained a British possession. The difference in legal status meant that until 1949, Papua (former

3115:

According to Thomson Reuters' Web of Science, Papua New Guinea had the largest number of publications (110) among Pacific Island states in 2014, followed by Fiji (106). Nine out of ten scientific publications from Papua New Guinea focused on immunology, genetics, biotechnology and microbiology. Nine

3048:

This is a matter of vital importance because a problem of economic development is identifying the membership of customary landowning groups and the owners. Disputes between mining and forestry companies and landowner groups often devolve on the issue of whether the companies entered into contractual

2911:

As of 2019, PNG's real GDP growth rate was 3.8%, with an inflation rate of 4.3% This economic growth has been primarily attributed to strong commodity prices, particularly mineral but also agricultural, with the high demand for mineral products largely sustained even during the crisis by the buoyant

2799:

While tribal violence has long been a way of life in the highlands regions, an increase in firearms has led to greater loss of life. Rival groups had been known to utilise axes, bush knives and traditional weapons. As well as respecting rules of engagement that prevented violence while hunting or at

2694:

The unicameral Parliament enacts legislation in the same manner as in other Commonwealth realms that use the Westminster system of government. The cabinet collectively agrees on government policy, and then the relevant minister introduces bills to Parliament, depending on which government department

1442:

started in 1988 and claimed 20,000 lives until it was resolved in 1997. Bougainville had been the primary mining region of the country, generating 40% of the national budget. The native peoples felt they were bearing the adverse environmental effects of the mining, which contaminated the land, water

4455:

The Constitution of Papua New Guinea sets out the names of the 19 provinces at the time of Independence. Several provinces have changed their names; such changes are not strictly speaking official without a formal constitutional amendment, though "Oro," for example, is universally used in reference

3044:

varies from one culture to another. Many writers portray land as the communal ownership of traditional clans; however, closer studies usually show that the smallest portions of land whose ownership cannot be further divided are held by the individual heads of extended families and their descendants

3039:

Only some 3% of the land of Papua New Guinea is in private hands; this is privately held under a 99-year state lease, or it is held by the State. There is virtually no freehold title; the few existing freeholds are automatically converted to state leases when they are transferred between vendor and

2988:

from major resource extraction projects undermining other industries. This occurred in many countries experiencing oil or other mineral booms, notably in Western Africa, undermining much of their agriculture sector, manufacturing and tourism, and with them broad-based employment prospects. Measures

2972:

Corp. (IOC), which have partly combined their assets after TotalEnergies agreed in December 2013 to purchase 61.3% of IOC's Antelope and Elk gas field rights, with the plan to develop them starting in 2016, including the construction of a liquefaction plant to allow export of LNG. TotalEnergies has

2864:

Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, including mineral and renewable resources, such as forests, marine resources (including a large portion of the world's major tuna stocks), and in some parts agriculture. The rugged terrain (including high mountain ranges and valleys, swamps

2698:

All ordinary statutes enacted by Parliament must be consistent with the Constitution. The courts have jurisdiction to rule on the constitutionality of statutes, both in disputes before them and on a reference where there is no dispute but only an abstract question of law. Unusually among developing

2679:

because of its extensive coastline. The Maritime Element relies heavily on satellite imagery to surveil the country's waters. Patrolling is generally ineffective because underfunding often leaves the patrol boats unserviceable. This problem will be partially corrected when the larger Guardian-class

2120:

mean score of 8.84/10, ranking it 17th globally out of 172 countries. Mangrove swamps stretch along the coast, and in the inland it is inhabited by nipa palm (Nypa fruticans), and deeper in the inland the sago palm tree inhabits areas in the valleys of larger rivers. Trees such as oaks, red cedars,

1892:

The climate on the island is essentially tropical, but it varies by region. The maximum mean temperature in the lowlands is 30 to 32 °C, and the minimum 23–24 °C. In the highlands above 2100 metres, colder conditions prevail and night frosts are common there, while the daytime temperature

4172:, which is celebrated every year in PNG, are among the most well-known people throughout the nation. State of Origin is a highlight of the year for most Papua New Guineans, although the support is so passionate that many people have died over the years in violent clashes supporting their team. The 2849:

launched a broadside on Facebook against his own police department, which was subsequently reported in the international media. In the post, Kramer accused the Royal PNG Constabulary of widespread corruption, claiming that "Senior officers based in Police Headquarters in Port Moresby were stealing

2111:

Three new species of mammals were discovered in the forests of Papua New Guinea by an Australian-led expedition in the early 2010s. A small wallaby, a large-eared mouse and a shrew-like marsupial were discovered. The expedition was also successful in capturing photographs and video footage of some

4080:

It is estimated that more than one thousand cultural groups exist in Papua New Guinea. Because of this diversity, many styles of cultural expression have emerged. Each group has created its own expressive forms in art, dance, weaponry, costumes, singing, music, architecture and much more. Most of

1462:

was held, between 23 November and 7 December 2019. The referendum question was a choice between greater autonomy within Papua New Guinea and full independence for Bougainville, and voters voted overwhelmingly (98.31%) for independence. Negotiations between the Bougainville government and national

4001:

As of 2019, life expectancy in Papua New Guinea at birth was 63 years for men and 67 for women. Government expenditure health in 2014 accounted for 9.5% of total government spending, with total health expenditure equating to 4.3% of GDP. There were five physicians per 100,000 people in the early

2674:

patrol boat. One of the landing craft is used as a training ship. Three more Guardian-class patrol boats are under construction in Australia, to replace the old Pacific-class vessels. The main tasks of the Maritime Element are to patrol inshore waters and to transport the Land Element. Papua New

4466:"tok ples" and "ita eda tano gado." In addition, section 67 (2)(c) mentions "speak and understand Pisin or Hiri Motu, or a vernacular of the country, sufficiently for normal conversational purposes" as a requirement for citizenship by nationalisation; this is again mentioned in section 68(2)(h). 4115:

People of the highlands engage in colourful local rituals that are called "sing sings." They paint themselves and dress up with feathers, pearls and animal skins to represent birds, trees or mountain spirits. Sometimes an important event, such as a legendary battle, is enacted at such a musical

3623:

Papua New Guinea has more languages than any other country, with over 820 indigenous languages, representing 12% of the world's total, but most have fewer than 1,000 speakers. With an average of only 7,000 speakers per language, Papua New Guinea has a greater density of languages than any other

3250:

With the National Census deferred during 2020/2021, ostensibly on the grounds of the COVID-19 pandemic, an interim assessment was conducted using satellite imagery. In December 2022, a report by the UN, based upon a survey conducted with the University of Southampton using satellite imagery and

3130:

observed that, 'while Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Samoa are leading the way with large-scale hydropower projects, there is enormous potential to expand the deployment of other renewable energy options such as solar, wind, geothermal and ocean-based energy sources'. The European Union funded the

1150:

found 10,000 skulls in the island's long houses, a demonstration of past practices. According to Marianna Torgovnick, writing in 1991, "The most fully documented instances of cannibalism as a social institution come from New Guinea, where head-hunting and ritual cannibalism survived, in certain

2844:

has been troubled in recent years by infighting, political interference and corruption. It was recognised from early after Independence (and hitherto) that a national police force alone could never have the capacity to administer law and order across the country, and that it would also require

2306:

Under a 2002 amendment, the leader of the party winning the largest number of seats in the election is invited by the governor-general to form the government, if they can muster the necessary majority in parliament. The process of forming such a coalition in PNG, where parties do not have much

2695:

is responsible for the implementation of a particular law. Backbench members of parliament can also introduce bills. Parliament debates bills, and (section 110.1 of the Constitution) they become enacted laws when the Speaker certifies that Parliament has passed them. There is no Royal assent.

4167:

is by far the most popular sport. In a nation where communities are far apart and many people live at a minimal subsistence level, rugby league has been described as a replacement for tribal warfare as a way of explaining the local enthusiasm for the game. Many Papua New Guineans have become

3134:

Papua New Guinea is one of the 15 beneficiaries of a programme on Adapting to Climate Change and Sustainable Energy worth €37.26 million. The programme resulted from the signing of an agreement in February 2014 between the European Union and the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. The other

6462: 150: 3902:

in PNG. Its design is that of a woven basket, a common feature of all groups and cultures in PNG. It is, therefore, hoped to be a symbol for the entire country. Its nine entrances are inspired by the design of Haus Tambaran (Spirit House). Construction began in Port Moresby in 2018.

152: 153: 151: 4095:

are no longer the currency of Papua New Guinea, as they were in some regions—sea shells were abolished as currency in 1933. This tradition is still present in local customs. In some cultures, to get a bride, a groom must bring a certain number of golden-edged clam shells as a

149: 2653:, a special forces unit, a battalion of engineers, three other small units primarily dealing with signals and health, and a military academy. The Air Element consists of one aircraft squadron, which transports the other military wings. The Maritime Element consists of four 4732: 2983:

The PNG government's long-term Vision 2050 and shorter-term policy documents, including the 2013 Budget and the 2014 Responsible Sustainable Development Strategy, emphasise the need for a more diverse economy, based upon sustainable industries and avoiding the effects of

2344:

was appointed deputy prime minister, justice Minister and Attorney General. After an election widely criticised by observers for its inadequate preparation (including failure to update the electoral roll), abuses and violence, in July 2022, Prime Minister James Marape's

1883:

tragedy where a total of 1,126 people lost their lives as the debris flow from a landslide followed 10 days of heavy rain. With over 2,000 reported dead by the Papua New Guinea government, this disaster has now emerged as the deadliest landslide of the 21st century.

7799:

For thousands of years, the indigenous people of Papua New Guinea have mined and traded stone implements and ochre, and used clay to make pottery. Gold was first discovered in Papua New Guinea in 1852 as accidental traces in pottery from Redscar Bay on the Papuan

2706:) consists of principles and rules of common law and equity in English common law as it stood on 16 September 1975 (the date of independence), and thereafter the decisions of PNG's own courts. The courts are directed by the Constitution and, latterly, the 2241:, which prepared the draft constitution, and Australia, the outgoing metropolitan power, had thought that Papua New Guinea would not remain a monarchy. The founders, however, considered that imperial honours had a cachet. The monarch is represented by the 2012:

rainforest plants spread across the narrow straits from Asia, mixing with the old Australian and Antarctic floras. New Guinea has been identified as the world's most floristically diverse island in the world, with 13,634 known species of vascular plants.

148: 8315: 3667:

of the country is Tok Pisin (commonly known in English as New Guinean Pidgin or Melanesian Pidgin), in which much of the debate in Parliament is conducted, many information campaigns and advertisements are presented, and a national weekly newspaper,

6454: 5950:"Treaty between Australia and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea concerning Sovereignty and Maritime Boundaries in the area between the two Countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and Related Matters [1985] ATS 4" 3574:

There is an existing collaboration between Papua New Guinea and African countries. Papua New Guinea is part of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) forum. There is a thriving community of Africans who live and work in the country.

2787:

each year in Papua New Guinea. A Sorcery and Witchcraft Accusation Related National Action Plan (SNAP) was approved by the Government in 2015, although funding and application has been deficient. There are also no protections given to

904:. Although government estimates reported the country's population to be 11.8 million, it was reported in December 2022 that its population was in fact closer to 17 million. Papua New Guinea is the most populous Pacific island country. 1409:

attended the independence ceremony, with Somare continuing as the country's first Prime Minister. Papua New Guinea, as the first and only colony administrated by Australia, remains the only country to have been granted independence.

3811:

The government and judiciary uphold the constitutional right to freedom of speech, thought, and belief, and no legislation to curb those rights has been adopted. The 2011 census found that 95.6% of citizens identified themselves as

2407:. Provinces are the primary administrative divisions of the country. Provincial governments are branches of the national government as Papua New Guinea is not a federation of provinces. The province-level divisions are as follows: 900:(including English), making it the most linguistically diverse country in the world. It is also one of the most rural countries, with only 13.25% of its population living in urban centres in 2019. Most of its people live in 1750:

to where it meets the 141°01'10" E meridian flowing west, then southwards to the south coast. The 141° E meridian formed the entire eastern boundary of Dutch New Guinea according to its 1828 annexation proclamation. By the

1600:

rivers. This terrain has made it difficult for the country to develop transportation infrastructure. This has made it so that air travel is often the most efficient and reliable means of transportation. The highest peak is

1958:, were never linked to New Guinea by land bridges. As a consequence, they have their own flora and fauna; in particular, they lack many of the land mammals and flightless birds that are common to New Guinea and Australia. 8230: 2253:

are unusual among Commonwealth realms in that governors-general are appointed by the Sovereign, the Head of State, upon nomination by the National Parliament, which nomination the Head of State is not obliged to accept.

5532:: "Such trade links and the nominal claim of the Sultan of Ceram over New Guinea constituted the legal basis for the Netherlands' claim over West New Guinea and ultimately that of Indonesia over what is now West Papua." 4353: 3156:

is the major international airport in Papua New Guinea, located 8 kilometres (5 mi) from Port Moresby. In addition to two international airfields, Papua New Guinea has 578 airstrips, most of which are unpaved. The

2353:, enabling James Marape to be invited to form a coalition government, which he succeeded in doing and he continued as PNG's Prime Minister. In the 2022 Election two women were elected into the eleventh Parliament, one, 3243:(the last four belonging to the Austronesian family). Around 50,000 expatriates, mostly from Australia and China, were living in Papua New Guinea in 1975, but most of these had moved by the 21st century. Data from the 3081:

was adopted in 2009. This has led to the establishment of the Research, Science and Technology Council. At its gathering in November 2014, the Council re-emphasised the need to focus on sustainable development through

1923:

Many species of birds and mammals found on New Guinea have close genetic links with corresponding species found in Australia. One notable feature in common for the two landmasses is the existence of several species of

7523:

Matzke, R.H., Smith, J.G., and Foo, W.K., 1992, Iagifu/Hedinia Field, In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1978–1988, AAPG Memoir 54, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists,

5761: 2121:

pines, and beeches are becoming predominant in the uplands above 3,300 feet. Papua New Guinea is rich in various species of reptiles, indigenous freshwater fish and birds, but it is almost devoid of large mammals.

6993: 7748: 8307: 1051: 7163: 7502: 926:, which expresses the wish for "traditional villages and communities to remain as viable units of Papua New Guinean society" and protects their continuing importance to local and national community life. 2734: 146: 6018: 7132: 5021: 1096:

Agriculture was independently developed in the New Guinea highlands around 7000 BC, making it one of the few areas in the world where people independently domesticated plants. A major migration of

1731:

and depth of 35 kilometres struck the middle of Papua New Guinea. The worst of the damage was centred around the Southern Highlands region. Papua New Guinea is one of the few regions close to the

16200: 11901: 11399: 8284: 2280:. Candidates for members of parliament are voted upon when the prime minister asks the governor-general to call a national election, a maximum of five years after the previous national election. 2577:. In December 2019, the autonomous region voted overwhelmingly for independence, with 97.7% voting in favour of obtaining full independence and around 1.7% voting in favour of greater autonomy. 11836: 147: 7614: 3271:

of Papua New Guinea are the main factors behind the low percentage. Papua New Guinea has an urbanisation rate of 2.51%, measured as the projected change in urban population from 2015 to 2020.

8346: 1879:

buried more than 2000 people alive, caused major destruction to buildings, and food gardens and caused major impact on the economic lifeline of the country. The casualty figure surpasses the

7226: 6049: 3566:

factory under construction by a Chinese company. Native resentment against Chinese ownership of numerous small businesses and their commercial monopoly in the islands led to the rioting.

3224:

nations in the world with an estimated 8.95 million inhabitants as of 2020. There are hundreds of ethnic groups indigenous to Papua New Guinea, the majority being from the group known as

5792: 4591: 3135:

beneficiaries are the Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.

1478: 1357:

Debate began over Australian administration both in Papua New Guinea and Australia, with the Bougainville independence movement pushing for greater autonomy as Australian mining company

15052: 8005: 8968: 6432: 5087: 13720: 2699:

countries, the judicial branch of government in Papua New Guinea has remained remarkably independent, and successive executive governments have continued to respect its authority.

1081:

and isolated New Guinea about 10,000 years ago, but Aboriginal Australians and Papuans diverged from each other genetically earlier, about 37,000 years BP. Evolutionary geneticist

13750: 3965: 1288:) had entirely separate administrations, both controlled by Australia. These conditions contributed to the complexity of organising the country's post-independence legal system. 11446: 8616: 8222: 6700: 2997: 8776: 12407: 6916:"Prevalence of and factors associated with non-partner rape perpetration: findings from the UN Multi-country Cross-sectional Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific" 6071: 5600: 6731: 5702: 4488: 4081:

these cultural groups have their own language. People typically live in villages that rely on subsistence farming. In some areas people hunt and collect wild plants (such as

12416: 11067: 7256: 6372: 3120:

exported. Lack of automated machinery, coupled with inadequately trained local technical personnel, are some of the obstacles to introducing automated machinery and design.

2074: 1784: 1458:

won that election in December 2008 and served until the inauguration of John Momis, the winner of the 2010 elections. As part of the current peace settlement, a non-binding

6585: 5337: 12958: 11392: 5745: 2387:, which are not the primary administrative divisions but are quite significant in many aspects of government, commercial, sporting and other activities. The nation has 22 9263: 7786: 2116:

tree kangaroo and the Weimang tree kangaroo. Nearly one-quarter of Papua New Guinea's rainforests were damaged or destroyed between 1972 and 2002. Papua New Guinea had a

1755:

the Dutch and British agreed to a territorial exchange, bringing the entire left bank of the Fly River into British New Guinea and moving the southern border east to the

1541:

of 2,402,288 km (927,529 sq mi). The mainland of the country is the eastern half of New Guinea island, where the largest towns are also located, including

11501: 10870: 7004: 4647: 7582: 5852: 2924:, all of which will require multibillion-dollar investments (exploration, production wells, pipelines, storage, liquefaction plants, port terminals, LNG tanker ships). 7755: 7069: 4813: 2340:. Marape was a key minister in O'Neill's government and his defection from the government to the opposition camp had finally led to O'Neill's resignation from office. 15092: 11081: 8638: 3738: 2295:

system, with winners frequently gaining less than 15% of the vote. Electoral reforms in 2001 introduced the Limited Preferential Vote system (LPV), a version of the

1327:. Approximately 216,000 Japanese, Australian, and U.S. servicemen died. After World War II and the victory of the Allies, the two territories were combined into the 1100:

peoples to coastal regions of New Guinea took place around 500 BC. This has been correlated with the introduction of pottery, pigs, and certain fishing techniques.

11891: 8012: 7983: 7155: 4184: 2885:

from the coastal areas, each largely produced by smallholders; tea, produced on estates; and rubber. The Iagifu/Hedinia Field was discovered in 1986 in the Papuan

2573:

project in the country that is situated in both provinces. The government set 23 November 2019 as the voting date for a non-binding independence referendum in the

1742:

The border between Papua New Guinea and Indonesia was confirmed by a treaty with Australia before independence in 1974. The land border comprises a segment of the

549: 9034: 7494: 1219:

The country's dual name results from its complex administrative history before independence. Beginning in 1884, the region was split between two colonial powers.

15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 11385: 11123: 6829: 6790: 6223: 4900: 1119:. The far higher crop yields from sweet potato radically transformed traditional agriculture and societies. Sweet potato largely supplanted the previous staple, 6892: 11906: 8942: 7329: 5987: 1446:

The government and rebels negotiated a peace agreement that established the Bougainville Autonomous District and Province. The autonomous Bougainville elected

6010: 4872: 16215: 14000: 11060: 9953: 8406: 7122: 4143: 3890:

The first Bahá'í in PNG was Violete Hoenke who arrived at Admiralty Island, from Australia, in 1954. The PNG Bahá'í community grew so quickly that in 1969 a

3837: 3108:

to reach the target of investing 5% of GDP in research and development by 2050. (Papua New Guinea invested 0.03% of GDP in research and development in 2016.)

2620: 2333:

During the 10th Parliament (2017–2022) there were no women Members, one of only 3 countries worldwide (4 since the Taliban regained control in Afghanistan).

2319: 6402: 4168:

celebrities by representing their country or playing in an overseas professional league. Even Australian rugby league players who have played in the annual

1065:

Archaeological evidence indicates that humans first arrived in Papua New Guinea around 42,000 to 45,000 years ago. They were descendants of migrants out of

12372: 11477: 11116: 11074: 8428: 7685: 4695: 2800:

markets. These norms have been changing with a greater uptake of firearms. These are believed to be sourced from smuggling operations over the border into

1249:. With the passage of the Papua Act 1905, the area was officially renamed the Territory of Papua, and the Australian administration became formal in 1906. 8195: 5003: 3820:

is high, with many citizens combining their Christian faith with some traditional indigenous religious practices. Most Christians in Papua New Guinea are

3028:

have some legal basis for inalienable tenure. This customary land notionally covers most of the usable land in the country (some 97% of total land area);

16165: 11778: 6865: 5727: 9244: 9150: 8276: 5178: 2980:

Further gas and mineral projects are proposed (including the large Wafi-Golpu copper-gold mine), with extensive exploration ongoing across the country.

14947: 12400: 11873: 11824: 11482: 11130: 5676: 5465: 3083: 8562: 7604: 13545: 11803: 11451: 11095: 9417: 3259:

According to the CIA World Factbook (2018), Papua New Guinea has the second lowest urban population percentage in the world, with 13.2%, only behind

11431: 8338: 16175: 15197: 14202: 13042: 12951: 11753: 11642: 8035: 5639: 5546: 3328: 3313: 525: 9126: 7927: 15384: 13704: 10863: 6616: 4934: 4699: 3825: 3708: 1090: 7218: 6041: 5822: 3875:, though generalisation is suspect given the extreme heterogeneity of Melanesian societies. Prevalent among traditional tribes is the belief in 15062: 14176: 13617: 9628: 9452: 8754: 8582: 7468: 7435: 5784: 5661: 4778: 4587: 4565: 1489:

Share of forest area in total land area, top countries (2021). Papua New Guinea has the eighth highest percentage of forest cover in the world.

8173: 14970: 12889: 12393: 11961: 9680: 5052: 4180: 1343:

was instituted, although this was largely dominated by Australian administrative members, with only 3 seats allocated to Papua New Guineans.

657: 9207: 8964: 7401: 6424: 5877: 5204: 5076: 2649:

is the military organisation responsible for the defence of Papua New Guinea. It consists of three wings. The Land Element has 7 units: the

16220: 14895: 14890: 14396: 12114: 9623: 9542: 3926: 3364: 2518: 2396: 2277: 707: 7703: 5957: 5374: 4673: 1361:'s exploitative practices became extremely controversial to the region's indigenous landowners, with demands for compensation being made. 15759: 12944: 11926: 11758: 8101: 6559: 5433: 5269: 4173: 2404: 2378: 1906: 1564:

Located north of the Australian mainland, the country's geography is diverse and, in places, extremely rugged. A spine of mountains, the

1459: 1340: 1228: 3987:

reports that Papua New Guinea is achieving 68.5% of what should be possible for the right to education, based on their level of income.

14387: 10856: 9790: 9482: 7196: 6248: 5927: 5569: 1257: 1167:, had encountered it as early as the 16th century. Traders from Southeast Asia visited New Guinea beginning 5,000 years ago to collect 489: 8612: 8481: 8451: 7844: 6690: 1387:

was elected as the first Papua New Guinean Chief Minister of the Territory. In December, Whitlam was elected as Prime Minister at the

1354:, which for the first time had a majority of Papua New Guinean members. The Assembly increased to 84 members in 1967 and 100 by 1971. 15006: 13993: 11886: 9946: 8783: 7725: 7667: 7549: 6958: 5156: 4131: 3930: 2569:. Jiwaka and Hela officially became separate provinces on 17 May 2012. The declaration of Hela and Jiwaka is a result of the largest 2265:, which consists of 31 members of Parliament from the ruling coalition, which makes up the government. The current prime minister is 1351: 1192: 605: 6085: 5596: 15057: 14990: 14192: 13874: 12436: 6723: 5694: 4496: 4009:

finds that Papua New Guinea is achieving 71.9% of what should be possible for the right to health, based on their level of income.

1032: 188: 9351: 7248: 7036: 6362: 6267:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 2873:

now the main agricultural export. Coffee remains the major export crop (produced largely in the Highlands provinces); followed by

1848:

occurred on 11 September 2022, killing seven people and causing damaging shaking in some of the country's largest cities, such as

1040: 108: 16230: 16170: 16079: 15359: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13766: 13735: 13680: 11916: 11441: 11363: 9675: 9557: 8907: 8118: 7957: 6581: 5329: 5122: 2350: 2300: 2273: 1380: 882: 424: 7897: 1195:, a pontifical institute, reestablished the mission on Woodlark Island, encountering sickness and resistance from local people. 15067: 15042: 14940: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13670: 11596: 9260: 8143: 7780: 6758: 6485: 6193: 6118: 4147: 1399: 461: 9319: 5878:"Agreement between Australia and Indonesia concerning Certain Boundaries between Papua New Guinea and Indonesia (1974) ATS 26" 4639: 1961: 1398:

Over the next two years, further arguments for independence were forwarded, culminating in the Whitlam Government passing the

13776: 13675: 12225: 11911: 10252: 9638: 9592: 9537: 9410: 9257:

Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea

9176: 8544: 8503: 7891: 7838: 7574: 6823: 6672: 6345: 5844: 5263: 4850: 4176:

usually plays against the Australian Prime Minister's XIII (a selection of NRL players) each year, normally in Port Moresby.

2944: 2586: 960:

is derived from a local term of uncertain origin. Regarding the islands of New Guinea, the Portuguese captain and geographer

922:, living relatively independently of the cash economy. Their traditional social groupings are explicitly acknowledged by the 823: 758: 361: 7061: 1807:. It triggered a 50-foot-high tsunami, which killed over 2,180 people in one of the worst natural disasters in the country. 1339:

After World War II, Australia administered the two newly combined territories of Papua and New Guinea. By 1951, a 28-member

1134:

had been practically eradicated, in the past they were practised in many parts of the country as part of rituals related to

15389: 13986: 13035: 12923: 11647: 9939: 9768: 9643: 6519: 4808: 4800: 4187:

is ranked second, only after Australia. Other major sports that have a part in the Papua New Guinea sporting landscape are

3864: 3597: 2661: 2242: 2175: 1712:. The Central Range is much younger and higher than the mountains of Australia, so high that it is home to rare equatorial 1159:

Little was known in Europe about the island until the 19th century, although Portuguese and Spanish explorers, such as Dom

389: 8642: 7099: 6642: 163: 15874: 15077: 13643: 13634: 13281: 12901: 12896: 12280: 11921: 10390: 9658: 9587: 7372: 5315:

Rethinking the Human Revolution: New Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans

4518: 4006: 3984: 3845: 3758: 2960: 2841: 2829: 2729: 2725: 2497: 2415: 2384: 1493:

At 462,840 km (178,704 sq mi), Papua New Guinea is the world's 54th-largest country and the third-largest

2756:

found that 27% of men on Bougainville Island reported having raped a non-partner, while 14.1% reported having committed

15997: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13610: 12431: 11868: 10551: 10004: 9744: 9685: 9031: 8699: 4904: 3549: 3318: 3236: 2258: 2203: 1610: 638: 404: 13936: 6813: 6780: 6219: 16185: 15419: 14933: 14770: 13432: 13349: 12094: 11954: 10879: 10491: 9690: 9572: 9552: 9497: 9492: 9375: 8931: 8838: 8277:"Leaders of African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries to meet in Papua New Guinea for pivotal summit this month | ACP" 7636: 7529: 6888: 5921: 5633: 5518: 5496: 5450: 5404: 3472: 2817:

to retrieve bodies. Village massacres have increased with 69 villagers killed in a single attack in February 2024 in

2616: 2574: 2487: 2392: 1328: 1191:. Following that year, they were forced to withdraw their mission endeavour. Five years later on 8 October 1852, the 8255: 7321: 5979: 4089:) to supplement their diets. Those who become skilled at hunting, farming and fishing earn a great deal of respect. 3863:

group. Non-traditional Christian churches and non-Christian religious groups are active throughout the country. The

3228:, whose ancestors arrived in the New Guinea region tens of thousands of years ago. The other indigenous peoples are 16210: 15749: 15082: 14613: 12913: 12908: 12110: 11584: 10766: 9800: 9780: 9648: 9547: 9403: 5292: 4865: 4164: 3251:

ground-truthing, suggested a new population estimate of 17 million, nearly double the country's official estimate.

3174: 2738:

Papua New Guinean children, men and women show their support for putting an end to violence against women during a

2719: 2117: 2102: 1902: 1845: 1826: 1811: 1800: 1728: 1388: 507: 347: 8728: 8006:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 4618: 16190: 13028: 11992: 11773: 11768: 9810: 9716: 6515: 6394: 4196: 3657: 2917: 2869:

production has grown steadily over recent years (largely from estates and with extensive outgrower output), with

2793: 2789: 2008:). These plant families are still present in Papua New Guinea. New Guinea is part of the humid tropics, and many 314: 273: 236: 8877: 7683: 5230: 4703: 3899: 3040:

purchaser. Unalienated land is owned under customary title by traditional landowners. The precise nature of the

1746:

from the north coast southwards to where it meets the Fly River flowing east, then a short curve of the river's

1485: 1438:

to allow for Bougainville and the other eighteen districts to have quasi-federal status as provinces. A renewed

1151:

isolated areas, into the Fifties, Sixties, and Seventies, and still leave traces within certain social groups."

15849: 15259: 14840: 14749: 14380: 14053: 13744: 12481: 12144: 11896: 11881: 11829: 10328: 9665: 8383: 8199: 7366: 3944:

The four other universities were once colleges but have since been recognised by the government. These are the

3922: 3816:, 1.4% were not Christian, and 3.1% gave no answer. Virtually no respondent identified as being non-religious. 3247:

indicates that about 0.3% of the Papua New Guinean population is made up of international migrants as of 2015.

3153: 2650: 2646: 2097: 586: 13910: 11663: 9241: 9147: 9096: 8665: 6861: 5724: 4966: 923: 16195: 16121: 15957: 15924: 15879: 13603: 11798: 10546: 10395: 10230: 9805: 9785: 9754: 9633: 9525: 7880:

Scott-Kemmis; Intarakumnerd; Rasiah; Amaradasa (11 June 2021). Schneegans, S.; Straza, T.; Lewis, J. (eds.).

5186: 3912: 3584: 3323: 3264: 3221: 3144: 2400: 2388: 2374: 2370: 1472: 897: 782: 476: 448: 258: 5597:"The Legislative Council & the creation of the state of PNG - Keith Jackson & Friends: PNG ATTITUDE" 5462: 3879:, or evil spirits, which are blamed for "poisoning" people, causing calamity and death, and the practice of 94: 16180: 15884: 15459: 13143: 12862: 12342: 12308: 12084: 12063: 11947: 11456: 10649: 9858: 9820: 9670: 9611: 8559: 7804:

Broadcasting Commission, Sydney 1982 * Levien, Cecil John (1874–1932), Australian Dictionary of Biography.

5442: 4192: 3977: 3973: 3829: 3683: 3558:

rioting involving tens of thousands of people broke out in May 2009. The initial spark was a fight between

2234: 2147: 2130: 2082: 1880: 890: 748: 374: 355: 328: 3867:

has stated that both Muslim and Confucian missionaries are highly active. Traditional religions are often

2764:, nearly half of reported rape victims are under 15 years old, and 13% are under 7 years old. A report by 15714: 14834: 14743: 13148: 13128: 13123: 12693: 12124: 11346: 9915: 9830: 9749: 9739: 9704: 9435: 9345: 4740: 4561: 4251: 4246: 4188: 4018: 3891: 3663:

English is the language of government and the education system, but it is not spoken widely. The primary

3490: 3268: 2956: 2951:. The project is an integrated development that includes gas production and processing facilities in the 2901: 2859: 2637:

where numerous human rights violations have reportedly been committed by the Indonesian security forces.

2558: 2492: 2366: 2262: 1295:

were first explored by Australians in the 1930s and were found to be inhabited by over a million people.

1027: 915: 9123: 8816: 8066: 5623: 5542: 2311:

emerged as Papua New Guinea's prime minister after the July 2012 election, and formed a government with

16027: 15794: 15729: 15689: 14985: 14344: 14339: 14197: 13730: 13725: 13524: 13483: 13138: 13133: 12877: 12328: 12186: 11808: 11256: 10242: 9984: 9848: 9795: 9734: 7919: 4838: 3996: 3957: 3554:

Numerous Chinese have worked and lived in Papua New Guinea, establishing Chinese-majority communities.

3526: 3400: 2913: 2671: 2608: 2566: 2503: 2426: 2292: 1752: 1696:

when sea levels were lower than at present. As the Indo-Australian Plate (which includes landmasses of

734: 114: 6608: 5307: 4926: 2291:

Elections in PNG attract numerous candidates. After independence in 1975, members were elected by the

1946:

Many of the other islands within PNG territory, including New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville, the

1303: 1241:

as British New Guinea. In 1902, Papua was effectively transferred to the authority of the new British

16205: 16160: 14373: 13113: 12261: 11715: 11318: 9920: 9881: 9868: 9335: 8339:"The country with the highest level of language diversity: Papua New Guinea – Pangeanic Translations" 5814: 4551: 4158: 4026: 4022: 3969: 3856: 3291: 2654: 2508: 2431: 1772: 1463:

Papua New Guinea on a path to Bougainville independence began after the referendum, and are ongoing.

1269: 1180: 862: 226: 13931: 12552: 8750: 8590: 7460: 7427: 3648:, languages. There are four languages in Papua New Guinea with some statutory recognition: English, 15584: 15484: 15047: 14956: 14900: 14408: 14187: 14160: 13118: 13093: 12840: 12322: 12271: 10120: 9853: 9721: 9516: 9302: 8165: 7883:

Southeast Asia and Oceania. In UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development

3336: 1494: 1073:

by Christopher Klein et al. suggests that it was about 50,000 years ago that these peoples reached

933:) since 1976, and has filed its application for full membership status. It is a full member of the 839: 740: 100: 13946: 12241: 9259:(2002) famous anthropological account of the Trobriand Islanders; based on fieldwork in the 1910s 7123:"Papua New Guinea's 'Sorcery Refugees': Women Accused of Witchcraft Flee Homes to Escape Violence" 5044: 15799: 15784: 15769: 15609: 15324: 14980: 14760: 14400: 13274: 13098: 13078: 13068: 12703: 12104: 12073: 12068: 12012: 11727: 11673: 11377: 11291: 11207: 9653: 9502: 9487: 9204: 7394: 5885: 5200: 4134:, despite having one of the widest arrays of intangible cultural heritage elements in the world. 3467: 2805: 2689: 2676: 2600: 2336:

In May 2019, O'Neill resigned as prime minister and was replaced through a vote of Parliament by

2284: 2196: 1538: 1435: 1358: 1308: 1273: 1070: 934: 919: 858: 685: 563: 36: 32: 8994: 5949: 5366: 4766: 3032:

is either held privately under state lease or is government land. Freehold title (also known as

1164: 989: 15814: 15754: 15669: 15554: 15434: 15399: 15239: 15107: 15011: 14845: 14182: 13941: 13870: 13108: 13103: 13088: 13083: 13073: 13063: 12348: 12206: 11700: 9873: 9843: 9726: 7701: 4669: 4169: 3949: 3872: 3641: 3555: 2964:

of PNG. A second major project is based on initial rights held by the French oil and gas major

2897: 2747: 2027:

lowland rain forests – forested islands to the north of the mainland, home to a distinct flora.

1439: 1324: 1208: 1112: 1097: 718: 613: 557: 28: 8091: 6551: 5430: 5253: 3126:

sources represent two-thirds of the total electricity supply. In 2015, the Secretariat of the

16017: 15819: 15779: 15654: 15644: 15619: 15594: 15564: 15544: 15454: 15394: 15354: 15284: 15213: 14865: 14818: 14603: 14009: 13956: 13498: 13458: 13394: 12872: 12601: 12318: 12312: 12276: 12231: 12090: 12002: 11763: 11748: 11695: 11339: 11277: 11235: 11165: 11102: 10743: 10533: 9886: 9838: 9562: 9477: 9467: 9086: 6215: 5746:"Bougainville referendum: region votes overwhelmingly for independence from Papua New Guinea" 5487: 4956: 3718: 2990: 2822: 2739: 2627: 2591: 2570: 2296: 2057: 1955: 1940: 1764: 1669: 1665: 1418: 968:

The people of all these islands are blacke, and have their haire frisled, whom the people of

942: 139: 8115: 7186: 6245: 5911: 5573: 2541: 16012: 15894: 15804: 15789: 15674: 15624: 15519: 15504: 15474: 15274: 15264: 14785: 13626: 13566: 13463: 13427: 13417: 12884: 12290: 12286: 12165: 12058: 11668: 11571: 10848: 10691: 10353: 10247: 10175: 10147: 9253: 9003: 8473: 8443: 7920:"Pacific-first centre of excellence for renewable energy and energy efficiency takes shape" 7825: 6278: 6153: 6076: 3945: 3895: 3884: 3841: 3817: 3748: 3229: 2948: 2886: 2475: 2238: 2069: 2030: 1709: 1565: 1550: 1292: 929:

Papua New Guinea has been an observer state in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (

907:

The country is believed to be the home of many undocumented species of plants and animals.

12564: 7662: 7541: 5148: 4130:, which was inscribed in 2008. The country, however, has no elements inscribed yet in the 1723:, and eruptions are frequent. Earthquakes are relatively common, sometimes accompanied by 853:

in the South, all of present-day Papua New Guinea came under Australian control following

8: 16225: 16052: 16047: 16037: 15942: 15914: 15834: 15829: 15809: 15719: 15704: 15639: 15604: 15499: 15439: 15414: 15409: 15379: 15344: 15339: 15309: 15289: 15193: 15087: 14726: 14668: 14418: 14365: 13344: 12669: 12375:

in 1965, but this was not recognised internationally. Declared itself a republic in 1970.

12338: 12332: 12190: 12052: 12042: 11988: 11743: 11487: 11332: 11221: 11193: 11179: 11088: 11053: 10751: 10706: 10368: 10220: 9597: 9472: 7721: 7307: 7191: 6970: 4123: 2436: 2039: 1910: 1743: 1577: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1431: 1320: 1147: 997: 992:. In 1545, he noted the resemblance of the people to those he had earlier seen along the 961: 866: 12675: 8308:"Seven decades after Independence, many small languages in India face extinction threat" 7400:. Government of Papua New Guinea and the Institute of National Affairs. September 2004. 6282: 6157: 2283:

In the early years of independence, the instability of the party system led to frequent

1323:(1942–1945) was one of the major military campaigns and conflicts between Japan and the 16042: 15992: 15982: 15972: 15967: 15962: 15947: 15937: 15932: 15899: 15889: 15869: 15854: 15774: 15684: 15659: 15649: 15634: 15579: 15574: 15529: 15509: 15469: 15424: 15334: 15329: 15304: 15279: 15269: 15249: 15244: 13784: 13584: 13488: 13468: 13422: 13364: 13267: 12385: 12265: 12171: 12134: 12032: 12022: 11970: 11705: 11630: 11284: 11270: 11151: 10637: 10541: 10481: 10348: 9457: 9361: 9340: 8058: 7156:"'They just slaughter them': how sorcery violence spreads fear across Papua New Guinea" 7029: 6334: 6309: 6266: 6185: 5655: 4556: 4440: 4432: 4256: 3824:, constituting roughly 70% of the total population. They are mostly represented by the 3025: 2846: 2804:, as well as losses from government armouries. With only 1/5th of 5000 Australian-made 2633:

Papua New Guinea supported Indonesia's control of Western New Guinea, the focus of the

2461: 2226: 1700:, Australia, and the Indian Ocean floor in between) drifts north, it collides with the 1498: 1450:

as president in 2005, who served until he died in 2008. He was succeeded by his deputy

1392: 1281: 1011: 911: 874: 850: 127: 77: 62: 24: 15203: 13880: 8899: 7949: 6934: 6915: 5884:. Austraasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Archived from 5293:

The discoveries of the world, from their first original unto the year of Our Lord 1555

4064: 4050:

A resident of Boga-Boga, a village on the southeast coast of mainland Papua New Guinea

3894:(administrative council) was elected. As of 2020 there are over 30,000 members of the 3619:

language family. The affiliation of some Eastern branches is not universally accepted.

2828:

Papua New Guinea received a score of 5.6 out of 10 for safety from the state from the

2775:

The 1971 Sorcery Act imposed a penalty of up to 2 years in prison for the practice of

1368:

visited Papua New Guinea in 1970 and 1971, amid further calls for independence by the

16062: 16032: 16007: 15987: 15977: 15952: 15909: 15864: 15859: 15824: 15744: 15739: 15709: 15694: 15629: 15599: 15559: 15539: 15524: 15489: 15479: 15349: 15319: 15314: 15294: 15254: 15021: 14765: 14139: 13503: 12968: 12936: 12746: 12731: 12708: 12302: 12216: 12196: 11856: 11436: 11249: 11172: 10812: 10669: 10644: 10556: 10180: 10165: 10155: 10071: 9999: 9910: 9462: 9172: 8540: 8422: 8379: 8367: 8062: 7887: 7881: 7834: 7525: 7362: 7294: 6939: 6819: 6785: 6668: 6341: 6314: 6296: 6189: 6177: 6169: 5917: 5753: 5629: 5514: 5492: 5446: 5400: 5259: 5013: 4846: 4224: 3235:

There are also numerous people from other parts of the world now resident, including

3127: 2866: 2604: 2276:

has 111 seats, of which 22 are occupied by the governors of the 22 provinces and the

2024: 2009: 1951: 1947: 1681: 1510: 1373: 1285: 1265: 1237:

In 1888, the British protectorate, as well as some adjacent islands, were annexed by

1224: 1131: 1082: 938: 846: 13951: 11939: 9316: 8135: 6754: 6489: 6110: 3346: 2989:

have been taken to mitigate these effects, including through the establishment of a

2920:, production, and exportation in liquefied form (liquefied natural gas or "LNG") by 16057: 16022: 16002: 15904: 15844: 15764: 15734: 15679: 15664: 15589: 15549: 15534: 15514: 15494: 15464: 15449: 15429: 15374: 15369: 15299: 15016: 14916: 14885: 14855: 14755: 14703: 14048: 14038: 13890: 13740: 13726:

Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries

13493: 13448: 13379: 13051: 12782: 12736: 12698: 12644: 12586: 12476: 12221: 12180: 12176: 11720: 11710: 11637: 11214: 11144: 11109: 10761: 10681: 10654: 10593: 10578: 10237: 10056: 10031: 9994: 8050: 7495:"Papua New Guinea police accused of gun running and drug smuggling by own Minister" 6929: 6695: 6304: 6286: 6161: 6081: 4371: 4365: 4282: 4238: 3645: 3616: 3559: 3508: 3418: 3123: 3066: 3021: 2615:

in 1976, followed later by special observer status in 1981. It is also a member of

2513: 2323: 2308: 1936: 1833:, causing widespread landslides and the deaths of 200 people. Various nations from 1819: 1581: 1168: 1160: 1139: 1014:, ultimately meaning "land of the blacks" or similar meanings, in reference to the 665: 9092:

Sustainable Communities, Sustainable Development: Other Paths for Papua New Guinea

8510: 7664:

Sustainable Communities, Sustainable Development: Other Paths for Papua New Guinea

5149:"Constitution of Independent State of Papua New Guinea (consol. to amendment #22)" 4962:

Sustainable Communities, Sustainable Development: Other Paths for Papua New Guinea

3232:, their ancestors having arrived in the region less than four thousand years ago. 1402:

in September 1975, citing the 16th of September 1975 as the date of independence.

15839: 15724: 15699: 15614: 15569: 15444: 15404: 15364: 15072: 14794: 14638: 14093: 13508: 13473: 13389: 13314: 12867: 12596: 12511: 12446: 12352: 12245: 12210: 12120: 11263: 11228: 11200: 11158: 11137: 10701: 10696: 10632: 10627: 10588: 10476: 10464: 10225: 10105: 9323: 9306: 9267: 9248: 9236: 9211: 9154: 9130: 9038: 8937: 8566: 8259: 7707: 7689: 7671: 6252: 5731: 5508: 5469: 5437: 5308:"Pre-LGM Sahul (Australia-New Guinea) and the archaeology of early modern humans" 5115: 5082: 4696:"2011 National Population and Housing Census of Papua New Guinea – Final Figures" 4622: 4082: 3961: 3953: 3938: 3849: 3670: 3454: 3382: 2562: 2533: 2466: 2451: 2420: 2250: 1986: 1780: 1759:. The maritime boundary with Australia was confirmed by a treaty in 1978. In the 1661: 1514: 1184: 993: 831: 308: 16096: 9386: 6511: 6011:"Papua New Guinea earthquake: UN pulls out aid workers from violence-hit region" 2307:

ideology, involves considerable "horse-trading" right up until the last moment.

1915: 1763:

it runs close to the mainland of New Guinea, keeping the adjacent North Western

1454:

as acting president while an election to fill the unexpired term was organised.

16086: 15218: 14975: 14850: 14775: 14683: 14318: 14243: 14124: 13789: 13529: 13374: 12825: 12815: 12800: 12774: 12713: 12581: 12255: 12251: 12235: 12200: 12140: 11299: 11242: 11186: 10825: 10781: 10771: 10686: 10664: 10622: 10610: 10605: 10583: 10568: 10563: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10432: 10422: 10205: 10051: 10009: 9979: 8096: 7352: 7091: 6638: 6291: 5119: 3833: 3778: 3633: 3029: 2936: 2893: 2634: 2456: 2327: 2140: 2051: 1838: 1756: 1701: 1451: 1384: 1344: 1261: 1238: 1212: 1179:

Christianity was introduced to New Guinea on 15 September 1847 when a group of

1135: 1116: 1078: 1055: 985: 969: 946: 901: 13978: 9931: 8054: 7356: 6165: 4526: 2939:, Kumul Petroleum Holdings (Papua New Guinea's national oil and gas company), 2315:, the former Governor of East New Britain Province, as deputy prime minister. 830:

to the west and its other close neighbours are Australia to the south and the

16154: 16136: 16123: 14323: 14083: 13900: 13561: 13369: 13354: 13242: 12820: 12792: 12741: 12618: 12608: 12576: 12547: 11472: 11426: 11028: 10776: 10721: 10659: 10573: 10521: 10449: 10378: 10373: 10363: 10311: 10304: 10277: 10215: 10160: 10110: 10100: 10083: 10061: 10014: 9577: 9390: 8369: 8368:

Fèlix Marti; Paul Ortega; Itziar Idiazabal; Andoni Barrenha; Patxi Juaristi;

8122: 7609: 6962: 6300: 6173: 5757: 5017: 3821: 3691:

Citizen population in Papua New Guinea by religion, based on the 2011 census

3664: 3637: 3629: 3603: 3225: 2985: 2965: 2952: 2940: 2818: 2667: 2554: 2528: 2446: 2441: 2270: 1993: 1966: 1868: 1830: 1776: 1760: 1685: 1626: 1602: 1365: 1347:, an Australian soldier, became the first administrator of this new council. 1223:

ruled the northern half of the country for several decades as a colony named

1220: 1143: 1077:(the paleocontinent consisting of present-day Australia and New Guinea). The 1045: 815: 775: 302: 203: 190: 19:

This article is about the country in Oceania. For the island in general, see

9395: 8691: 7249:"Tribal fighting over PNG election leaves dozens dead and villages deserted" 6141: 5004:"Papua New Guinea finds real population is almost double official estimates" 2746:

Papua New Guinea is often ranked as likely the worst place in the world for

16101: 15097: 15026: 14925: 14711: 14643: 14628: 14028: 12918: 12835: 12830: 12805: 12653: 11625: 10786: 10733: 10598: 10486: 10454: 10442: 10437: 10385: 10358: 10338: 10321: 10294: 10289: 10282: 10272: 10210: 10190: 10088: 10066: 10041: 10036: 9232: 8999: 6943: 6639:"Bougainville referendum: PNG region votes overwhelmingly for independence" 6367: 6318: 6181: 4493:

Keynote address to the 8th Papua New Guinea Mining and Petroleum Conference

4058: 3813: 3436: 3359: 3341: 3240: 3158: 3013: 2522: 2481: 2354: 2341: 2337: 2266: 2209: 1872: 1857: 1796: 1795:

Papua New Guinea is famous for its frequent seismic activity, being on the

1768: 1657: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1558: 1542: 1447: 1369: 1316: 1231: 1188: 1104: 1002: 878: 870: 835: 410: 296: 265: 182: 8846: 7640: 6862:"Médecins Sans Frontières opens Papua New Guinea clinic for abuse victims" 2168: 15223: 15208: 14870: 14608: 14578: 14428: 14298: 14288: 14063: 13478: 13412: 13384: 13232: 13217: 13212: 13020: 12999: 12845: 12756: 12591: 12491: 12100: 12008: 11546: 10993: 10972: 10951: 10793: 10756: 10676: 10615: 10469: 10427: 10415: 10343: 10316: 10200: 10170: 10137: 10093: 10026: 9989: 9447: 9274:

Governing New Guinea: An Oral History of Papuan Administrators, 1950–1990

9052:

The Sandline Affair: Politics and Mercenaries and the Bougainville Crisis

8373: 8252: 6914:

Jewkes, Rachel; Fulu, Emma; Roselli, Tim; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia (2013).

5956:. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. 5677:"Australia's ignorance about Papua New Guinea is a loss for both nations" 5362: 4812:. United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. pp. 274–277. 4101: 4097: 3860: 3728: 3698: 3593: 3395: 3162: 3062: 2921: 2878: 2776: 2657: 2230: 2153: 1689: 1646: 1554: 1506: 1455: 1406: 1253: 1203: 1127: 1123:, and resulted in a significant increase in population in the highlands. 1108: 996:

coast of Africa. Guinea, in its turn, is etymologically derived from the

886: 854: 380: 9113:

PNG at 40 Symposium: Learning from the Past and Engaging with the Future

8724: 7879: 1664:. Geologically, the island of New Guinea is a northern extension of the 14880: 14623: 14563: 14493: 14433: 14207: 14155: 13595: 13453: 12984: 11862: 11579: 10711: 10516: 10496: 10459: 10333: 10195: 10185: 10046: 10021: 9974: 9582: 8223:"Looters shot dead amid chaos of Papua New Guinea's anti-Chinese riots" 6920: 6072:"Volunteers lead desperate bid to reach Papua New Guinea quake victims" 5255:

Between the Tides: A Fascinating Journey among the Kamoro of New Guinea

5126: 5045:"Papua New Guinea's population size puzzles prime minister and experts" 4774: 4670:"Population | National Statistical Office | Papua New Guinea" 4615: 4200: 3431: 3244: 3112:

In 2016, women accounted for 33.2% of researchers in Papua New Guinea.

3033: 3020:

The PNG legislature has enacted laws in which a type of tenure called "

2974: 2932: 2928: 2905: 2874: 2784: 2780: 2769: 2752: 2703: 2553:

In 2009, Parliament approved the creation of two additional provinces:

2346: 2004: 1985:

about 45 million years ago. All the Australasian lands are home to the

1982: 1978: 1973:

Australia and New Guinea are portions of the ancient supercontinent of

1630: 1614: 1606: 1585: 1569: 1477: 1395:

then instituted self-governance under the rule of Somare in late 1973.

1058: 807: 332: 20: 14860: 14810: 14735: 14648: 14633: 14558: 14423: 14293: 14263: 14023: 13884: 13290: 13227: 13187: 13162: 13004: 12989: 12685: 12571: 12461: 11998: 11551: 11526: 11325: 11007: 10937: 10929: 10894: 10728: 10410: 10400: 9863: 9567: 8869: 7127: 5226: 5008: 4232: 4127: 4105: 4031: 3653: 3649: 3607:

The language families of Papua New Guinea, according to Timothy Usher

2801: 2765: 2757: 2246: 2181: 2017: 1998: 1990: 1925: 1876: 1864: 1705: 1650: 1597: 1502: 1246: 1086: 1085:

found that people of New Guinea share 4%–7% of their genome with the

1015: 981: 827: 819: 811: 434: 395: 241: 231: 7782:

Exploration for gold / Papua New Guinea: forty years of independence

6425:"James Marape returned as PNG's prime minister after tense election" 6042:"Papua New Guinea earthquake: anger grows among 'forgotten victims'" 5330:"DNA Study Finds Aboriginal Australians World's Oldest Civilization" 4046: 1981:

period, 65–130 million years ago. Australia finally broke free from

1605:

at 4,509 metres (14,793 ft). Papua New Guinea is surrounded by

1588:

can be found in the lowland and coastal areas as well as very large

1376:. He called for self-governance for the Territory as early as 1972. 1069:, in one of the early waves of human migration. A 2016 study at the 14823: 14653: 14588: 14548: 14543: 14528: 14478: 14473: 14458: 14448: 14438: 14308: 14278: 14043: 13237: 13202: 13172: 12994: 12471: 12297: 12161: 11974: 11556: 11536: 11521: 11021: 10958: 10835: 10262: 10076: 9815: 9090: 8669: 7095: 6363:"Papua New Guinea MPs elect James Marape to be next prime minister" 4960: 4640:"Papua New Guinea 2011 National Report-National Statistical Office" 4092: 4054: 3918: 3239:, Europeans, Australians, Indonesians, Filipinos, Polynesians, and 2969: 2870: 2312: 1974: 1932: 1573: 1242: 1036:

Kerepunu women at the marketplace of Kalo, British New Guinea, 1885

1007: 770: 722: 11407: 9161:

Politics in Papua New Guinea. Continuities, Changes and Challenges

8900:"Papua New Guinea – intangible heritage – Culture Sector – UNESCO" 8166:"International migrant stock (% of population) – Papua New Guinea" 5625:

State and society in Papua New Guinea: the first twenty-five years

2779:, until the act was repealed in 2013. An estimated 50–150 alleged 14828: 14800: 14688: 14583: 14568: 14533: 14518: 14503: 14253: 14134: 14108: 13319: 13247: 13207: 12764: 12634: 12559: 12526: 12420: 12048: 12038: 11561: 11541: 11035: 10820: 10716: 10405: 10299: 10257: 9281:

Documents and readings in New Guinea history: Pre-history to 1889

7979: 7722:"Customary Land Tenure in Papua New Guinea: Status and Prospects" 7361:. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: Institute of National Affairs. 6959:"UNICEF strives to help Papua New Guinea break cycle of violence" 6612: 5695:"Timeline of key events: Papua New Guinea's road to independence" 5129:. Database updated on 6 October 2015. Accessed on 6 October 2015. 4204: 3868: 3768: 3625: 3260: 2113: 1834: 1747: 1732: 1724: 1720: 1713: 1693: 1589: 1522: 1518: 803: 342: 16080:

Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China

9311: 8136:"Papua New Guinea | Culture, History, & People | Britannica" 7749:"Facilitating Foreign Investment through Property Lease Options" 5845:"State of Emergency declared as PNG earthquake toll rises to 31" 5785:"Airlines grounded across Papua New Guinea due to fuel shortage" 4489:"Stable Government, Investment Initiatives, and Economic Growth" 2896:

tried to restore integrity to state institutions, stabilise the

16201:

Countries and territories where English is an official language

14875: 14693: 14678: 14673: 14598: 14538: 14508: 14468: 14463: 14453: 14443: 14313: 14283: 14248: 14223: 14103: 13359: 13222: 13167: 12979: 12723: 12613: 12521: 12130: 12028: 12018: 11516: 11014: 11000: 10965: 10908: 10901: 10267: 10125: 9365: 9120:

South Coast New Guinea Cultures: History, Comparison, Dialectic

9002:

work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO 3.0. Text taken from

6966: 4306: 4120: 4086: 4069: 4039: 3563: 3521: 3449: 3413: 3041: 2761: 1989:, descended from the flora of southern Gondwana, including the 1928: 1853: 1804: 1609:

which are under close watch, in the interests of preservation.

1066: 16087:

Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu

6994:"Stop Violence Against Women and Children in Papua New Guinea" 6913: 5138:

World Bank. 2010. World Development Indicators. Washington DC.

3589: 2931:

is operator of the joint venture, also comprising PNG company

2034: 14663: 14618: 14573: 14553: 14523: 14513: 14498: 14488: 14303: 14273: 14268: 14258: 14233: 14228: 14098: 14088: 14073: 14058: 13914: 13904: 13894: 13192: 13182: 13177: 12542: 12516: 12506: 12496: 12486: 11687: 11408: 10944: 10922: 10915: 10130: 10115: 8808: 8409:. 21 July 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012 5367:"Denisovans Were Neanderthals' Cousins, DNA Analysis Reveals" 4927:"Urban population (% of total population) – Papua New Guinea" 4733:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (PG)" 4401: 4380: 4342: 4163:

Sport is an important part of Papua New Guinean culture, and

4109: 4035: 3640:. Indigenous languages are classified into two large groups, 3503: 3485: 3008: 2882: 2813: 2612: 2075:

Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests

1871:, about 600 kilometers (372 miles) northwest of the capital, 1815: 1779:) under Australian sovereignty. Maritime boundaries with the 1697: 1618: 1593: 1074: 930: 842:, with an area of 462,840 km (178,700 sq mi). 763: 13329: 13259: 10878: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7865: 5431:

From Primitive to Postcolonial in Melanesia and Anthropology

1115:

had obtained it from South America and introduced it to the

834:

to the east. Its capital, located on its southern coast, is

14716: 14658: 14483: 14238: 14129: 14068: 14033: 13971:‡ denotes a former member state of the Non-Aligned Movement 13304: 13197: 12810: 12658: 12466: 11531: 10986: 9237:

Throwim' Way Leg: Tree-Kangaroos, Possums, and Penis Gourds

6889:"Papua New Guinea: a country suffering spiralling violence" 4866:"Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea" 4416: 4389: 4330: 4309: 3058: 3024:" is recognised, meaning that the traditional lands of the 2927:

The first major gas project was the PNG LNG joint venture.

2611:(MSG) of countries. It was accorded observer status within 2043: 1739:, which occurs in the most elevated parts of the mainland. 1736: 1622: 1423: 1120: 14395: 8537:

Four Corners: A Journey into the Heart of Papua New Guinea

4987: 4949: 4841:(2003) , Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), 4100:. In other regions, the bride price is paid in lengths of 3656:, and, since 2015, sign language (which in practice means 3611: 1680:). It is connected to the Australian segment by a shallow 1260:

and occupied it throughout the war. After Germany and the

16082:, participating as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao, China". 13751:"Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries 9089:; Nadarajah, Yaso; Haive, Karen; Stead, Victoria (2012). 9045:

Papua New Guinea: People, Politics and History since 1975

7862: 7661:

James, P.; Nadarajah, Y.; Haive, K. and Stead, V. (2012)

4959:; Nadarajah, Yaso; Haive, Karen; Stead, Victoria (2012). 4410: 4324: 4321: 4300: 4291: 4108:

or cash. Elsewhere, it is brides who traditionally pay a

3934: 3898:

in PNG. In 2012 the decision was made to erect the first

3739:

United Church in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands

3377: 3351: 3096:

emerging industrial technology for downstream processing;

2809: 1849: 1546: 787: 14203:

Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)

12415: 9299: 9085: 8013:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

7984:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

6264: 4955: 2916:

and by a buoyant outlook and the construction phase for

1977:, which started to break into smaller continents in the 865:. The nation was the site of fierce fighting during the 9137:

Masked Eden: A History of the Australians in New Guinea

8777:"The State of the World's Midwifery – Papua New Guinea" 6691:"Can the next #PNG Government do better on West Papua?" 6139: 5916:. Springer Science & Business Media. §§ A1, D1–D5. 5913:

Documents and Correspondence on New Guinea's Boundaries

5725:

New report doubles death toll on Bougainville to 20,000

3045:

or their descendants alone if they have recently died.

2357:, also became Provincial governor of Central Province. 1939:, which are not found elsewhere. Papua New Guinea is a 1521:. Including all its islands, it lies between latitudes 1434:

resulted in an eleventh-hour modification of the draft

1307:

Australian forces attack Japanese positions during the

861:

being established out of the former German colony as a

12966: 7746: 1549:; other major islands within Papua New Guinea include 1443:

and air, without gaining a fair share of the profits.

15073:

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

11969: 8587:

2007/2008 Human Development Report, Hdrstats.undp.org

8577: 8575: 7785:, State Library of NSW, Australia, 16 December 2019, 7350: 6214: 4386: 4327: 4144:

National Broadcasting Corporation of Papua New Guinea

3838:

United Church in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands

3099:

infrastructure technology for the economic corridors;

2042:

of Papua New Guinea bears a sharp contrast to nearby

1044:

Female gable image, Sawos people, Oceanic art in the

23:. For the Indonesian western half of the island, see 9008:, 535–555, UNESCO, UNESCO Publishing. 7062:"Survivors have legal rights: Family Protection Act" 6724:"West Papua independence petition is rebuffed at UN" 5397:

Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies

4404: 4398: 4383: 4377: 4339: 4294: 4288: 4214: 2326:(voted into office by a large majority of MPs), and 1331:. This was later referred to as "Papua New Guinea." 35:. For the single by the Future Sound of London, see 16085:

Officially the Republic of China, participates as "

8639:"Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Papua-Neuguinea" 7092:"PNG repeals sorcery law and expands death penalty" 6609:"Bougainville independence vote delayed to October" 5872: 5870: 5622:May, Ronald (2004). "13. The Bougainville Crisis". 5077:"Spiders and frogs identified among 50 new species" 4588:"Sign language becomes an official language in PNG" 4395: 4374: 4336: 4318: 4285: 3852:minority with approximately 25% of the population. 1513:, and several Pacific island groups, including the 1350:In 1964, the Council was replaced by the 64-member 1334: 1138:and taking in enemy spirits or powers. In 1901, on 8965:"Three dead in PNG after State of Origin violence" 8930: 8572: 8196:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency" 6333: 6258: 5305: 5296:, London: Printed for the Hakluyt society, p. 203. 5075: 4633: 4631: 3615:The language families in Ross's conception of the 3036:) can only be held by Papua New Guinean citizens. 2973:separately another joint operating agreement with 1268:authorised Australia to administer this area as a 1227:, while the southern part of the country became a 6142:"New Guinea has the world's richest island flora" 5905: 5903: 3150:are reachable only by light aircraft or on foot. 2349:Party secured the most seats of any party in the 1107:to New Guinea, where it was adopted and became a 806:that comprises the eastern half of the island of 16152: 11754:Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia 8782:. United Nations Population Fund. Archived from 8427:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8011:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 6246:Satellite images uncover rapid PNG deforestation 5867: 3628:. The most widely spoken indigenous language is 1704:. The collision of the two plates pushed up the 14008: 13705:Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement 11779:ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program 9961: 6886: 6859: 5510:Gone Primitive: Savage Intellects, Modern Lives 4700:National Statistical Office of Papua New Guinea 4628: 3826:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea 3709:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea 488:462,840 km (178,700 sq mi) ( 69: 54: 13731:Center for Human Rights and Cultural Diversity 11409:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 9028:Papua New Guinea: The Struggle for Development 7924:Secretariat of Pacific Community press release 7605:"Voters in Papua New Guinea head to the polls" 6815:The Role of the Papua New Guinea Defence Force 6722:Doherty, Ben; Lamb, Kate (30 September 2017). 5900: 4997: 4995: 4895: 4893: 2768:Australia, citing former Parliamentarian Dame 2016:Papua New Guinea includes several terrestrial 1893:exceeds 22 °C, regardless of the season. 1668:, forming part of a single land mass which is 169:Location of Papua New Guinea (green) 15923: 14941: 14381: 13994: 13611: 13275: 13036: 12952: 12890:Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue 12401: 11955: 11393: 10864: 9947: 9425: 9411: 8663: 8407:"Languages on Papua vanish without a whisper" 6657: 6483: 5251: 5109:World Economic Outlook Database, October 2015 3848:. Apart from Protestants, there is a notable 2623:country, associated with the European Union. 2403:, which in turn are divided into one or more 2322:between the parliament-elect Prime Minister, 16216:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations 14955: 14896:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 14891:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 13721:Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation 11874:Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award 11643:ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit 8998: This article incorporates text from a 8372:; Belen Uranga; Estibaliz Amorrortu (2005). 8092:"Total Population-Both Sexes (XLSX, 2.4 MB)" 8033: 7998: 7747:HBW International Inc. (10 September 2003). 6850:Papua New Guinea Constitution Schedule 2.2.2 6755:"Report claims secret genocide in Indonesia" 6665:50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations 5909: 4965:. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. 4611: 4609: 3286:Largest cities and towns in Papua New Guinea 2399:. Each province is divided into one or more 2091:Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests 2066:New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests 2063:New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests 2002:pines, and the broad-leafed southern beech ( 14917:Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries 12373:Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence 11759:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership 9005:UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 8719: 8717: 8534: 8448:International Religious Freedom Report 2003 8305: 7719: 7035:. National Parliament of Papua New Guinea. 7030:"No. 45 of 2015 Lukautim Pikinini Act 2015" 6721: 5815:"Major earthquake strikes Papua New Guinea" 5361: 5153:Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute 4992: 4890: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4174:Papua New Guinea national rugby league team 3632:, with about 200,000 speakers, followed by 3165:, operating out of Jacksons International. 2796:are prohibited by law in Papua New Guinea. 2630:(FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992. 2379:Local-level governments of Papua New Guinea 2360: 1907:List of protected areas of Papua New Guinea 1708:, the Indonesian islands, and New Guinea's 1089:, indicating that the ancestors of Papuans 838:. The country is the world's third largest 16166:States and territories established in 1975 14948: 14934: 14388: 14374: 14001: 13987: 13618: 13604: 13282: 13268: 13050: 13043: 13029: 12959: 12945: 12408: 12394: 11962: 11948: 11400: 11386: 10871: 10857: 9954: 9940: 9418: 9404: 8036:"Ethnic and Cultural Diversity by Country" 7187:"The state of gay rights around the world" 6582:"Bougainville referendum not binding – PM" 6220:"New and rare species found in remote PNG" 5660:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3061:were first found in 1852, in pottery from 2908:in securing development assistance loans. 2626:Papua New Guinea has been a member of the 2124: 1284:) and New Guinea (former German territory 1215:controlled the eastern half of New Guinea. 1187:. They established their first mission on 162: 9317:National Economic & Fiscal Commission 9159:Rynkiewich, Michael and Roland Seib eds. 8097:Department of Economic and Social Affairs 7833:. Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp. 693–731. 7569: 7567: 7488: 7486: 7455: 7453: 6991: 6933: 6606: 6336:Elizabeth: A Biography of Britain's Queen 6308: 6290: 6039: 6008: 5252:Pickell, David & Müller, Kal (2002). 4606: 4132:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists 3931:Papua New Guinea University of Technology 3072: 2835: 2713: 2702:The "underlying law" (Papua New Guinea's 2303:was the first to be conducted using LPV. 1430:A secessionist revolt in 1975–76 on 1352:House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea 1193:Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions 1103:In the 18th century, traders brought the 873:. Papua New Guinea became an independent 14193:International Organization for Migration 13625: 12437:List of Oceanian countries by population 10880:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 9194:Papua New Guinea: A History of Our Times 9095:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 8928: 8809:"Papua New Guinea – HRMI Rights Tracker" 8714: 8375:Words and worlds: world languages review 8336: 6688: 6331: 5782: 5328:Klein, Christopher (23 September 2016). 5073: 4718: 4637: 4063: 4053: 4045: 4030: 3917:A large proportion of the population is 3610: 3602: 3588: 3007: 2733: 2590: 2540: 2391:-level divisions: twenty provinces, the 2094:Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests 2079:Northern New Guinea montane rain forests 2033: 1960: 1914: 1688:, which in former ages lay exposed as a 1484: 1476: 1417: 1302: 1202: 1050: 1039: 1031: 520: 16176:1975 establishments in Papua New Guinea 13767:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 9312:National Parliament of Papua New Guinea 9019:Biskup, Peter, B. Jinks and H. Nelson. 8220: 8027: 7972: 7724:. Queensland University of Technology. 7674:, Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press. 7517: 7492: 7120: 6950: 6549: 6105: 6103: 2085:(includes Bougainville Island and Buka) 1660:, at the point of collision of several 1656:The country is situated on the Pacific 1381:1972 Papua New Guinean general election 16153: 15043:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 11364:special administrative region of China 9329: 9144:Papua New Guinea & Solomon Islands 8967:. BrisbaneTimes.com.au. 26 June 2009. 8769: 8484:from the original on 11 September 2017 8116:Chinese targeted in PNG riots – report 7900:from the original on 16 September 2021 7820: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7564: 7505:from the original on 27 September 2020 7483: 7450: 6752: 6734:from the original on 30 September 2017 6435:from the original on 23 September 2022 5990:from the original on 21 September 2022 5674: 5513:, University of Chicago Press. p. 258 5042: 4486: 4148:List of newspapers in Papua New Guinea 3105:science and engineering education; and 2383:Papua New Guinea is divided into four 1400:Papua New Guinea Independence Act 1975 1154: 14929: 14369: 13982: 13599: 13263: 13024: 12940: 12389: 11943: 11381: 10852: 10839: 9935: 9399: 9080:Papua New Guinea: A political history 8619:from the original on 20 November 2010 8569:. coombs.anu.edu.au (26 January 2005) 8454:from the original on 1 September 2019 8176:from the original on 10 February 2023 7710:Institute of National Affairs (2018). 7428:"PNG top cop says no to bribe police" 7259:from the original on 27 February 2024 7199:from the original on 28 November 2016 6956: 6811: 6645:from the original on 12 December 2019 6522:from the original on 14 December 2013 6465:from the original on 30 December 2022 6455:"Highlights of General Election 2022" 6360: 6265:Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). 6226:from the original on 10 November 2014 5825:from the original on 26 February 2018 5795:from the original on 15 February 2023 5783:Harriman, Bethanie (5 January 2023). 5764:from the original on 11 December 2019 5743: 5491:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 19. 5327: 5245: 5233:from the original on 29 December 2018 5179:"Papua New Guinea keen to join ASEAN" 5001: 4878:from the original on 25 February 2022 4837: 4546: 4544: 4445:Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini 3871:. Some also tend to have elements of 2945:Mineral Resources Development Company 2587:Foreign relations of Papua New Guinea 2557:, consisting of part of the existing 1841:immediately sent aid to the country. 1093:in Asia with these archaic hominins. 800:Independent State of Papua New Guinea 362:parliamentary constitutional monarchy 71:Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini 48:Independent State of Papua New Guinea 12924:United States Minor Outlying Islands 11366:, participates as "Hong Kong, China" 10840: 9171:. Papua New Guinea National Museum. 8731:from the original on 18 October 2018 8378:. Multilingual Matters. p. 76. 8349:from the original on 8 November 2020 7728:from the original on 21 October 2020 7692:Institute of National Affairs (2013) 7585:from the original on 18 January 2017 7552:from the original on 13 October 2020 7407:from the original on 19 January 2021 7153: 6584:. Radio New Zealand. 11 March 2019. 6488:. Postcourier.com.pg. Archived from 6140:Cámara-Leret; Frodin; Adema (2020). 6100: 6064: 5960:from the original on 4 November 2021 5549:from the original on 19 January 2024 5463:Cannibalism Normal For Early Humans? 5306:O'Connell, J. F.; Allen, J. (2007). 5055:from the original on 5 December 2022 5024:from the original on 6 December 2022 4809:United Nations Development Programme 4759: 4747:from the original on 3 November 2023 4437:Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini 3980:) in the National Capital District. 3865:Papua New Guinea Council of Churches 3220:Papua New Guinea is one of the most 2599:Papua New Guinea is a member of the 2580: 2243:Governor-General of Papua New Guinea 2176:Governor-General of Papua New Guinea 1584:, known as the 'Bird's Tail'. Dense 910:Papua New Guinea is classified as a 56:Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini 16221:Member states of the United Nations 15053:Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 12902:Australian Indian Ocean Territories 12897:States and territories of Australia 9376:Wikimedia Atlas of Papua New Guinea 8932:"Island gods high in a dream world" 8233:from the original on 26 August 2014 8146:from the original on 4 October 2023 7912: 7886:. Paris: UNESCO. pp. 674–715. 7827:UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 7807: 7425: 7042:from the original on 14 August 2021 6891:. Guardian News and Media Limited. 6864:. Guardian News and Media Limited. 6753:Gawler, Virginia (19 August 2005). 6196:from the original on 7 January 2022 6121:from the original on 15 August 2020 6084:. 13 September 2022. Archived from 6040:Ainge Roy, Eleanor (8 March 2018). 6009:Ainge Roy, Eleanor (5 April 2018). 5972: 5621: 5377:from the original on 1 January 2012 5159:from the original on 26 August 2012 5074:Gelineau, Kristen (26 March 2009). 4650:from the original on 12 August 2017 4580: 4487:Somare, Michael (6 December 2004). 4007:Human Rights Measurement Initiative 3985:Human Rights Measurement Initiative 3948:in the Eastern Highlands province, 3846:Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea 3759:Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea 3300:/largest-cities-in-papua-new-guinea 2842:Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary 2830:Human Rights Measurement Initiative 2730:Ethnic violence in Papua New Guinea 2726:Sexual violence in Papua New Guinea 2107:Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 1568:, runs the length of the island of 918:; nearly 40% of the population are 13: 12432:List of Oceanian countries by area 9300:Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea 9218: 9099:from the original on 9 August 2021 9073:50,000 years of New Guinea history 9012: 8867: 8757:from the original on 29 April 2009 8615:. Kirche-in-not.de. 6 March 2009. 8318:from the original on 28 March 2020 8306:Seetharaman, G. (13 August 2017). 7930:from the original on 18 March 2017 7493:Doherty, Ben (18 September 2020). 7471:from the original on 15 April 2021 7438:from the original on 16 April 2021 7375:from the original on 15 April 2021 7355:; Stuart, Barry (September 1984). 7154:Kuku, Rebecca (14 November 2020). 7135:from the original on 20 March 2017 7121:Oakford, Samuel (6 January 2015). 7072:from the original on 23 April 2021 6895:from the original on 14 April 2019 6818:. Australian National University. 6588:from the original on 14 March 2021 6562:from the original on 4 August 2019 6552:"B'ville Referendum Dates Changed" 6550:Gorethy, Kenneth (5 August 2019). 5980:"Earthquake leaves 3,000 homeless" 5930:from the original on 15 April 2021 5855:from the original on 15 April 2021 5734:." Radio Australia. 19 March 2012. 5642:from the original on 30 April 2024 5258:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 153. 5002:Lagan, Bernard (5 December 2022). 4969:from the original on 9 August 2021 4801:"HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023-24" 4767:"GINI index (World Bank estimate)" 4590:. Radio New Zealand. 21 May 2015. 4568:from the original on 12 April 2021 4541: 4183:is significant in another way, as 3550:Chinese people in Papua New Guinea 2204:Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea 2031:Central Range montane rain forests 1875:, at about 3 a.m. local time. The 1856:, it was also felt in the capital 1497:. Papua New Guinea is part of the 1126:Although by the late 20th century 14: 16242: 16089:", and "Chinese Taipei" in short. 15063:Trade-Related Investment Measures 14771:Heard Island and McDonald Islands 9288: 9187:Short History of Papua New Guinea 9066:A Pictorial History of New Guinea 8929:Hadfield, Dave (8 October 1995). 8583:"Papua New Guinea HDI Rank – 145" 8433:. AFP via dawn.com (21 July 2011) 8104:from the original on 4 June 2020. 7980:"World Population Prospects 2022" 7960:from the original on 5 April 2023 7850:from the original on 30 June 2017 7789:from the original on 20 June 2022 7617:from the original on 30 June 2017 7358:Law and Order in Papua New Guinea 7229:from the original on 2 March 2024 7166:from the original on 24 July 2021 6868:from the original on 14 June 2018 6832:from the original on 7 April 2022 6793:from the original on 30 July 2019 6689:Namorong, Martyn (3 March 2017). 6619:from the original on 2 March 2019 6052:from the original on 19 June 2018 6021:from the original on 19 June 2018 5705:from the original on 2 March 2024 5675:Dorney, Sean (19 February 2016). 5603:from the original on 2 March 2024 5340:from the original on 26 June 2022 5272:from the original on 7 April 2023 5207:from the original on 9 March 2021 4937:from the original on 20 July 2020 4781:from the original on 7 April 2019 4676:from the original on 20 July 2023 4525:. 6 February 2006. Archived from 3052: 2941:JX Nippon Oil and Gas Exploration 2821:, the largest killings since the 2607:, Pacific Islands Forum, and the 2393:Autonomous Region of Bougainville 1611:Papua New Guinea's largest rivers 1329:Territory of Papua and New Guinea 16095: 15385:Democratic Republic of the Congo 14614:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13580: 13579: 13328: 12914:Commonwealth (U.S. insular area) 12909:Territories of the United States 12633: 12111:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11648:ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit 10819: 10806: 9904: 9515: 9380: 9370: 8993: 8971:from the original on 13 May 2011 8957: 8945:from the original on 24 May 2022 8922: 8910:from the original on 3 July 2018 8892: 8880:from the original on 24 May 2018 8861: 8831: 8819:from the original on 19 May 2022 8801: 8743: 8702:from the original on 13 May 2023 8684: 8666:"University of Papua New Guinea" 8664:Vahau, Alfred (5 January 2007). 8657: 8641:. NMZ-mission.de. Archived from 8631: 8605: 8553: 8528: 8496: 8466: 8436: 8399: 8361: 8330: 8299: 8287:from the original on 13 May 2021 8269: 8245: 8214: 8188: 8158: 8128: 8108: 8084: 7942: 7773: 7740: 7713: 7695: 7677: 7655: 7629: 7597: 7534: 7419: 7387: 7102:from the original on 12 May 2021 6887:Davidson, Helen (19 July 2013). 6761:from the original on 2 June 2019 6703:from the original on 17 May 2018 6405:from the original on 7 June 2021 6375:from the original on 30 May 2019 5744:Lyons, Kate (11 December 2019). 5090:from the original on 24 May 2022 4903:. WorldAtlas.com. Archived from 4594:from the original on 28 May 2015 4459: 4370: 4281: 4231: 4217: 3437:Oro Province (Northern province) 3345: 3335: 3175:Demographics of Papua New Guinea 3016:in southwestern Papua New Guinea 2720:Human rights in Papua New Guinea 2488:Bougainville (autonomous region) 2195: 2167: 2139: 2118:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 2103:Trans-Fly savanna and grasslands 2088:Southeastern Papuan rain forests 1903:Conservation in Papua New Guinea 1436:Constitution of Papua New Guinea 1389:1972 Australian federal election 1335:Australian rule and independence 695: 694: 652: 651: 633: 632: 600: 599: 581: 580: 519: 144: 107: 93: 11452:Treaty of Amity and Cooperation 9111:Institute of National Affairs. 8868:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 8751:"Human Development Report 2009" 8539:. National Geographic Society. 7344: 7332:from the original on 1 May 2023 7314: 7271: 7241: 7211: 7178: 7147: 7114: 7084: 7054: 7022: 6985: 6957:Niles, Chris (18 August 2008). 6907: 6880: 6860:Davidson, Helen (5 July 2013). 6853: 6844: 6805: 6773: 6746: 6715: 6682: 6631: 6607:Westbrook, Tom (1 March 2019). 6600: 6574: 6543: 6534: 6516:The National (Papua New Guinea) 6504: 6477: 6447: 6417: 6387: 6354: 6325: 6238: 6208: 6133: 6033: 6002: 5942: 5910:Van der Veur, Paul W. (2012) . 5837: 5807: 5776: 5737: 5717: 5687: 5668: 5615: 5589: 5561: 5535: 5523: 5501: 5488:The Anthropology of Cannibalism 5479: 5455: 5422: 5410: 5389: 5355: 5321: 5299: 5284: 5219: 5193: 5171: 5141: 5132: 5102: 5067: 5043:Fildes, Nic (5 December 2022). 5036: 4981: 4919: 4901:"Island Countries of the World" 4858: 4831: 4819:from the original on 1 May 2024 4793: 4449: 4426: 4269: 3658:Papua New Guinean Sign Language 3254: 3168: 3092:'s medium-term priorities are: 2112:other rare animals such as the 1896: 1867:hit the village of Kaokalam in 1413: 1298: 1174: 1061:of southeast New Guinea in 1884 16231:Small Island Developing States 16171:1975 establishments in Oceania 15760:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 14841:British Indian Ocean Territory 14750:Australian Antarctic Territory 11830:ASEAN Human Rights Declaration 9227:Readings in New Guinea history 9146:(Country Travel Guide) (2008) 8221:Callick, Rowan (23 May 2009). 6641:. BBC News. 11 December 2019. 6484:Kolo, Pearson (15 July 2009). 6395:"Davis Steven named Deputy PM" 5185:. 7 March 2016. Archived from 4845:, Cambridge University Press, 4843:English Pronouncing Dictionary 4688: 4662: 4511: 4480: 3923:University of Papua New Guinea 3855:There are approximately 5,000 3538: 3154:Jacksons International Airport 3003: 2651:Royal Pacific Islands Regiment 2647:Papua New Guinea Defence Force 2575:Bougainville autonomous region 2098:Trobriand Islands rain forests 1790: 1666:Indo-Australian tectonic plate 1264:were defeated in the war, the 1207:New Guinea from 1884 to 1919. 1198: 814:(a region of the southwestern 1: 13289: 9293: 9166: 9021:A Short History of New Guinea 8870:"Kuk Early Agricultural Site" 7461:"One year in – why so quiet?" 7395:"RPNGC Administrative Review" 6935:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70069-X 6556:Papua New Guinea Post-Courier 5851:. Sydney, NSW. 1 March 2018. 5529: 5507:Torgovnick, Marianna (1991). 5416: 5399:. W.W. Norton & Company. 4473: 3913:Education in Papua New Guinea 3859:. The majority belong to the 3585:Languages of Papua New Guinea 3145:Transport in Papua New Guinea 2998:Institute of National Affairs 2595:APEC 2018 in Papua New Guinea 2545:Provinces of Papua New Guinea 2375:Districts of Papua New Guinea 2371:Provinces of Papua New Guinea 1473:Geography of Papua New Guinea 1364:Australian Opposition Leader 1006:. The name is one of several 924:Papua New Guinea Constitution 898:languages of Papua New Guinea 548:15/km (38.8/sq mi) ( 449:Papua and New Guinea Act 1949 12863:British Overseas Territories 8839:"Papua New Guinea – culture" 8668:. Upng.ac.pg. Archived from 8125:." News.com.au. 15 May 2009. 7639:. pnglng.com. Archived from 6111:"Papua New Guinea – Climate" 5545:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 5443:University of Michigan Press 4638:Koloma. Kele, Roko. Hajily. 4042:, Eastern Highlands Province 3978:Seventh-day Adventist Church 3974:Pacific Adventist University 3906: 3830:Seventh-day Adventist Church 3793: Other Christian (5.1%) 3684:Religion in Papua New Guinea 3578: 3562:and indigenous workers at a 3138: 2790:LGBT citizens in the country 2680:patrol boats enter service. 2405:Local-Level Government areas 2131:Politics of Papua New Guinea 2083:Solomon Islands rain forests 1919:Papua New Guinea's highlands 1881:2006 Southern Leyte mudslide 1466: 1272:territory, which became the 952: 857:, with the legally distinct 810:and its offshore islands in 462:Declared and recognised 7: 15058:Technical Barriers to Trade 14835:British Antarctic Territory 14744:Ashmore and Cartier Islands 14010:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) 12694:Ashmore and Cartier Islands 11774:ASEAN–India Free Trade Area 11769:ASEAN–China Free Trade Area 11347:APEC Youth Science Festival 9385:Geographic data related to 9346:Central Intelligence Agency 9279:Whitaker, J.L. et al. eds. 9059:The Embarrassed Colonialist 8504:"Islam in Papua New Guinea" 7754:. p. 9. Archived from 7546:International Monetary Fund 7003:. p. 5. Archived from 6361:Lyons, Kate (30 May 2019). 5215:– via news.bbc.co.uk. 5201:"Profile: The Commonwealth" 5120:International Monetary Fund 4741:International Monetary Fund 4562:Central Intelligence Agency 4252:Outline of Papua New Guinea 4247:Economy of Papua New Guinea 4210: 4128:Kuk Early Agricultural Site 4019:Culture of Papua New Guinea 3892:National Spiritual Assembly 3677: 3102:knowledge-based technology; 2902:International Monetary Fund 2860:Economy of Papua New Guinea 2640: 2559:Southern Highlands Province 2367:Regions of Papua New Guinea 1729:earthquake of magnitude 7.5 1576:region mostly covered with 1256:in 1914, Australian forces 1028:History of Papua New Guinea 916:International Monetary Fund 845:Split in the 1880s between 10: 16247: 14986:International Trade Centre 14198:United Nations Secretariat 13525:Melanesian Spearhead Group 12878:Overseas country of France 8987: 8450:. US Department of State. 8043:Journal of Economic Growth 7426:Fox, Liam (18 July 2011). 6667:. World Scientific. 2015. 6292:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 5586:. Australian War Memorial. 5395:Diamond, J. (March 1997). 4156: 4141: 4119:The country possesses one 4016: 4012: 3997:Health in Papua New Guinea 3994: 3910: 3844:Papua New Guinea, and the 3799: Non-Christian (1.4%) 3681: 3582: 3569: 3547: 3543: 3334: 3277: 3172: 3142: 2892:Former Prime Minister Sir 2857: 2853: 2723: 2717: 2687: 2609:Melanesian Spearhead Group 2584: 2567:Western Highlands Province 2364: 2128: 1900: 1887: 1825:From March to April 2018, 1753:Treaty of The Hague (1895) 1727:. On 25 February 2018, an 1470: 1258:captured German New Guinea 1252:Following the outbreak of 1025: 1021: 851:British Territory of Papua 18: 16075: 15232: 15186: 15106: 15035: 14999: 14963: 14913: 14809: 14784: 14734: 14725: 14702: 14407: 14353: 14332: 14216: 14169: 14148: 14117: 14016: 13969: 13924: 13863: 13775: 13759: 13713: 13697: 13690: 13633: 13575: 13554: 13538: 13517: 13441: 13405: 13337: 13326: 13297: 13157: 13059: 12975: 12858: 12791: 12773: 12755: 12722: 12684: 12667: 12642: 12631: 12535: 12454: 12445: 12427: 12417:Countries and territories 12367:Annexed by Canada in 1949 12362: 12154: 11981: 11849: 11817: 11794: 11787: 11736: 11686: 11656: 11618: 11611: 11570: 11509: 11500: 11465: 11422: 11415: 11356: 11319:APEC Business Travel Card 11310: 11045: 10886: 10846: 10802: 10742: 10532: 10146: 9970: 9899: 9829: 9776: 9767: 9712: 9703: 9619: 9610: 9533: 9524: 9513: 9443: 9434: 9199:Zimmer-Tamakoshi, Laura. 9167:Swadling, Pamela (1996). 8337:Translations, Pangeanic. 8253:Overseas and under siege" 7219:"Heavily armed highlands" 6992:Wiseman H (August 2013). 6486:"Jiwaka, Hela set to go!" 6255:." ABC News. 2 June 2008. 6166:10.1038/s41586-020-2549-5 5485:Goldman, Laurence (1999). 4181:Australian rules football 4179:Although not as popular, 4159:Sport in Papua New Guinea 4027:Papua New Guinean cuisine 4023:Music of Papua New Guinea 3990: 3970:East New Britain Province 3927:National Capital District 3787: Kwato Church (0.2%) 3644:and non-Austronesian, or 3365:National capital district 3181: 2519:National Capital District 2397:National Capital District 2278:National Capital District 2239:constitutional convention 1719:There are several active 1270:League of Nations mandate 863:League of Nations mandate 781: 769: 757: 747: 729: 714: 684: 664: 645: 626: 612: 593: 574: 556: 542: 532: 513: 506: 496: 482: 475: 471: 458: 445: 441: 430: 420: 416: 401: 386: 371: 367: 354: 341: 282: 264: 250: 219: 175: 161: 134: 123: 89: 46: 16186:Countries in Australasia 15360:Central African Republic 14991:Chronology of key events 14971:Accession and membership 14957:World Trade Organization 14901:Turks and Caicos Islands 14188:Commonwealth Secretariat 14161:Northern Mariana Islands 12841:Northern Mariana Islands 11804:Disaster Relief Exercise 9624:Administrative divisions 9142:Mckinnon, Rowan, et al. 8478:U.S. Department of State 7706:31 December 2022 at the 7670:12 November 2012 at the 6757:. University of Sydney. 6332:Bradford, Sarah (1997). 5474:National Geographic News 5428:Knauft, Bruce M. (1999) 5290:Galvão, António (1862). 4262: 4152: 4137: 3958:Divine Word Missionaries 2675:Guinea has a very large 2473: 2361:Administrative divisions 2235:King of Papua New Guinea 2148:King of Papua New Guinea 1814:struck off the coast of 1812:magnitude 7.6 earthquake 1801:magnitude 7.0 earthquake 1440:uprising on Bougainville 16211:Maritime Southeast Asia 14981:Dispute Settlement Body 14761:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 14401:Commonwealth of Nations 13484:d'Entrecasteaux Islands 12704:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 11799:Centre for Biodiversity 9985:D'Entrecasteaux Islands 9358:(archived 7 April 2008) 9322:25 January 2022 at the 9305:11 October 2008 at the 9242:excerpt and text search 9201:Modern Papua New Guinea 9148:excerpt and text search 9129:30 October 2021 at the 9124:excerpt and text search 8055:10.1023/A:1024419522867 6512:"Hela, Jiwaka declared" 6115:Encyclopedia Britannica 4988:https://www.nso.gov.pg/ 4436: 4203:and, in eastern Papua, 3900:Bahá'í House of Worship 3805: Not stated (3.1%) 3751:Papua New Guinea (5.9%) 3624:nation on earth except 2943:, the PNG government's 2918:natural gas exploration 2914:a booming mining sector 2690:Law of Papua New Guinea 2677:exclusive economic zone 2601:Commonwealth of Nations 2249:. Papua New Guinea and 2125:Government and politics 1539:exclusive economic zone 1481:Map of Papua New Guinea 1460:independence referendum 1274:Territory of New Guinea 1071:University of Cambridge 935:Commonwealth of Nations 859:Territory of New Guinea 534:• 2011 census 55: 37:Papua New Guinea (song) 33:Guinea (disambiguation) 16191:Countries in Melanesia 15083:Information Technology 15078:Government Procurement 15012:Doha Development Round 14846:British Virgin Islands 14183:Asian Development Bank 14170:Observer Organisations 12553:Juan Fernández Islands 9272:Visser, Leontine, ed. 9254:Malinowski, Bronislaw. 8258:25 August 2018 at the 5570:"How many died? (QnA)" 5227:"About Us – Forum Sec" 5114:1 January 2016 at the 4444: 4170:State of Origin series 4077: 4068:A 20th-century wooden 4061: 4051: 4043: 3950:Divine Word University 3873:veneration of the dead 3857:Muslims in the country 3642:Austronesian languages 3620: 3608: 3600: 3084:science and technology 3073:Science and technology 3017: 2836:Royal PNG Constabulary 2825:of the 1980s and 90s. 2748:violence against women 2743: 2714:Crime and human rights 2683: 2660:, three ex-Australian 2596: 2546: 2285:votes of no confidence 2225:Papua New Guinea is a 2146:The Head of State and 2047: 1970: 1920: 1827:a chain of earthquakes 1822:, killing six people. 1692:, particularly during 1592:areas surrounding the 1501:, which also includes 1490: 1482: 1427: 1312: 1216: 1062: 1048: 1037: 974: 637:$ 31.692 billion ( 585:$ 41.785 billion ( 70: 27:. For other uses, see 15390:Republic of the Congo 15214:Supachai Panitchpakdi 14819:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 14727:Dependent territories 14604:Saint Kitts and Nevis 13957:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 13499:Torres Strait Islands 13459:Louisiade Archipelago 12873:Overseas collectivity 12091:Saint Kitts and Nevis 11764:ASEAN Free Trade Area 11749:Chiang Mai Initiative 11721:Football Championship 11340:APEC Sculpture Garden 10813:New Guinea portal 10744:North Solomon Islands 10534:Louisiade Archipelago 9911:New Guinea portal 9483:Australian occupation 9478:Bougainville campaign 9468:North Solomon Islands 9356:UCB Libraries GovPubs 9247:13 March 2016 at the 9153:26 April 2020 at the 8034:James Fearon (2003). 8015:, Population Division 7986:, Population Division 7688:17 March 2014 at the 6271:Nature Communications 6216:Australian Geographic 5986:. 10 September 2002. 5701:. 15 September 2015. 5543:"The colonial period" 5468:30 March 2010 at the 4560:. Langley, Virginia: 4067: 4057: 4049: 4034: 3719:Seventh-day Adventist 3614: 3606: 3592: 3011: 2991:sovereign wealth fund 2968:and the U.S. company 2949:Petromin PNG Holdings 2823:Bougainville conflict 2808:and half of the 2000 2737: 2628:Forum of Small States 2594: 2571:liquefied natural gas 2565:, formed by dividing 2544: 2320:constitutional crisis 2301:2007 general election 2058:Louisiade Archipelago 2037: 1964: 1956:Louisiade Archipelago 1918: 1810:In September 2002, a 1799:. On 17 July 1998, a 1765:Torres Strait Islands 1572:, forming a populous 1488: 1480: 1421: 1306: 1280:British protectorate 1206: 1098:Austronesian-speaking 1054: 1043: 1035: 966: 943:Pacific Islands Forum 902:customary communities 849:in the North and the 498:• Water (%) 204:9.47889°S 147.14944°E 140:O Arise, All You Sons 16196:Countries in Oceania 15875:United Arab Emirates 14479:Eswatini (Swaziland) 13627:Non-Aligned Movement 13567:Melanesian Super Cup 13464:Bismarck Archipelago 12885:Realm of New Zealand 12059:Realm of New Zealand 11912:Cities by population 11809:Smart Cities Network 11669:ASEAN Regional Forum 10248:Duke of York Islands 10148:Bismarck Archipelago 9503:Bougainville history 9192:Waiko, John Dademo. 9169:Plumes from Paradise 8535:Salak, Kira (2004). 8121:7 September 2012 at 7761:on 25 September 2007 7432:ABC News (Australia) 6812:Mench, Paul (1975). 6461:. 30 December 2022. 6251:29 June 2011 at the 6088:on 13 September 2022 6077:Agence France-Presse 5730:21 June 2015 at the 5436:7 April 2023 at the 5365:(22 December 2010). 5350:Updated Aug 22, 2018 5125:14 February 2006 at 4519:"Never more to rise" 4193:association football 3946:University of Goroka 3842:Evangelical Alliance 3818:Religious syncretism 3749:Evangelical Alliance 3079:National Vision 2050 3022:customary land title 2887:fold and thrust belt 2514:West Sepik (Sandaun) 2318:In 2011 there was a 2070:New Guinea mangroves 2054:montane rain forests 1670:Australia-New Guinea 1566:New Guinea Highlands 1165:Yñigo Ortiz de Retez 1018:of the inhabitants. 990:Yñigo Ortiz de Retez 896:There are 840 known 883:Elizabeth II's death 881:as its Queen. Since 515:• 2021 estimate 253:Indigenous languages 16181:Commonwealth realms 16133: / 15850:Trinidad and Tobago 15750:St. Kitts and Nevis 15260:Antigua and Barbuda 15194:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala 15088:Marrakesh Agreement 14669:Trinidad and Tobago 14419:Antigua and Barbuda 12339:Trinidad and Tobago 11989:Antigua and Barbuda 11971:Commonwealth realms 11887:Subdivisions by GDP 11744:Asian Monetary Unit 11716:Football Federation 11674:Asia–Europe Meeting 11333:APEC Climate Center 10816: • 10369:St Matthias Islands 10253:Duke of York Island 10221:St. Andrews Islands 9493:Japanese occupation 9473:New Guinea campaign 9330:General information 9266:8 July 2017 at the 9210:8 July 2017 at the 9037:8 July 2017 at the 8849:on 10 February 1999 8696:HRMI Rights Tracker 8645:on 31 December 2010 8516:on 25 December 2014 7351:Clifford, William; 7326:HRMI Rights Tracker 7192:The Washington Post 6789:. 31 January 2013. 6781:"Goodbye Indonesia" 6340:. Riverhead Books. 6283:2020NatCo..11.5978G 6158:2020Natur.584..579C 5954:www3.austlii.edu.au 5888:on 26 February 2021 5882:www3.austlii.edu.au 5203:. 1 February 2012. 4743:. 10 October 2023. 4706:on 6 September 2015 4621:3 July 2013 at the 4124:World Heritage Site 3933:, based outside of 3836:denominations, the 3077:Papua New Guinea's 2806:Self Loading Rifles 2293:first-past-the-post 2274:National Parliament 2040:tropical rainforest 1969:in Papua New Guinea 1941:megadiverse country 1911:Fauna of New Guinea 1863:On May 24, 2024, a 1578:tropical rainforest 1432:Bougainville Island 1341:Legislative Council 1321:New Guinea campaign 1309:Battle of Buna–Gona 1181:Marist missionaries 1155:European encounters 920:subsistence farmers 867:New Guinea campaign 425:National Parliament 209:-9.47889; 147.14944 200: / 15420:Dominican Republic 13911:Gamal Abdel Nasser 13785:Bandung Conference 13745:News Agencies Pool 13489:Raja Ampat Islands 13469:Santa Cruz Islands 13365:Western New Guinea 10826:Islands portal 10542:Bonvouloir Islands 9745:Telecommunications 9498:Territorial merger 9488:Australian mandate 9458:British New Guinea 9453:Colonial governors 9341:The World Factbook 9225:Jinks, Brian, ed. 8725:"Papua New Guinea" 8692:"Papua New Guinea" 8613:"Kichte-in-not.de" 8565:1 May 2005 at the 8474:"Papua New Guinea" 8444:"Papua New Guinea" 8312:The Economic Times 8202:on 22 January 2019 8140:www.britannica.com 7637:"Project Overview" 7575:"Papua New Guinea" 7322:"Papua New Guinea" 4931:data.worldbank.org 4907:on 7 December 2017 4771:data.worldbank.org 4557:The World Factbook 4552:"Papua New Guinea" 4257:Western New Guinea 4078: 4062: 4052: 4044: 3621: 3609: 3601: 3598:Southern Highlands 3491:Southern Highlands 3026:indigenous peoples 3018: 2957:Southern Highlands 2847:Bryan Jared Kramer 2750:. A 2013 study in 2744: 2708:Underlying Law Act 2597: 2547: 2493:Southern Highlands 2328:Sir Michael Somare 2227:Commonwealth realm 2048: 1971: 1921: 1783:were confirmed by 1561:and Bougainville. 1499:Australasian realm 1491: 1483: 1428: 1393:Whitlam Government 1345:Sir Donald Cleland 1313: 1282:Territory of Papua 1217: 1113:Portuguese traders 1063: 1049: 1038: 912:developing economy 875:Commonwealth realm 802:, is a country in 622:2023 estimate 570:2023 estimate 431:Independence 266:Ethnic groups 220:Official languages 128:Unity in diversity 25:Western New Guinea 16:Country in Oceania 16116: 16115: 16110: 16109: 16071: 16070: 15068:Trade in Services 15022:Quota Elimination 14923: 14922: 14909: 14908: 14766:Coral Sea Islands 14704:Associated states 14363: 14362: 14217:Dialogue partners 14140:Wallis and Futuna 14118:Associate members 13976: 13975: 13965: 13964: 13932:Houari Boumediene 13593: 13592: 13546:Political parties 13504:Trobriand Islands 13338:Other territories 13257: 13256: 13018: 13017: 12969:Malay Archipelago 12967:Countries of the 12934: 12933: 12854: 12853: 12747:Wallis and Futuna 12732:Clipperton Island 12709:Coral Sea Islands 12645:Associated states 12629: 12628: 12565:Galápagos Islands 12383: 12382: 11937: 11936: 11845: 11844: 11728:Armies Rifle Meet 11682: 11681: 11607: 11606: 11496: 11495: 11447:Secretary General 11437:Founding document 11375: 11374: 11367: 10833: 10832: 10645:Duchateau Islands 10557:Strathord Islands 10156:Admiralty Islands 9929: 9928: 9895: 9894: 9763: 9762: 9699: 9698: 9681:Political parties 9639:Foreign relations 9606: 9605: 9511: 9510: 9463:German New Guinea 9178:978-9980-85-103-1 9118:Knauft, Bruce M. 8813:rightstracker.org 8789:on 5 October 2012 8672:on 5 January 2009 8546:978-0-7922-7417-9 8142:. 24 March 2024. 7956:. 24 April 2015. 7954:airniugini.com.pg 7893:978-92-3-100450-6 7840:978-92-3-100129-1 7720:Armitage, Lynne. 7010:on 27 August 2015 6825:978-0-909150-10-5 6674:978-981-4713-03-0 6431:. 9 August 2022. 6347:978-1-57322-600-4 6152:(7822): 579–583. 5265:978-0-7946-0072-3 4852:978-3-12-539683-8 4456:to that province. 4225:New Guinea portal 4185:the national team 4072:ancestor figure ( 3535: 3534: 3527:Eastern Highlands 3401:Western Highlands 3218: 3217: 3128:Pacific Community 2812:delivered to the 2605:Pacific Community 2581:Foreign relations 2551: 2550: 2504:Western Highlands 2427:Eastern Highlands 2025:Admiralty Islands 1952:Trobriand Islands 1948:Admiralty Islands 1931:, including some 1682:continental shelf 1529:, and longitudes 1511:eastern Indonesia 1405:Whitlam and then- 1374:Gazelle Peninsula 1311:, 7 January 1943. 1286:German New Guinea 1266:League of Nations 1225:German New Guinea 939:Pacific Community 847:German New Guinea 822:). It shares its 798:, officially the 793: 792: 678:medium inequality 647:• Per capita 595:• Per capita 467:16 September 1975 348:Papua New Guinean 237:PNG Sign Language 154: 16238: 16206:Island countries 16161:Papua New Guinea 16148: 16147: 16145: 16144: 16143: 16138: 16134: 16131: 16130: 16129: 16126: 16102:World portal 16100: 16099: 15921: 15920: 15715:Papua New Guinea 15198:Director-General 15093:Doha Declaration 15017:Singapore issues 14950: 14943: 14936: 14927: 14926: 14886:Pitcairn Islands 14856:Falkland Islands 14756:Christmas Island 14732: 14731: 14594:Papua New Guinea 14409:Sovereign states 14390: 14383: 14376: 14367: 14366: 14079:Papua New Guinea 14049:Marshall Islands 14039:French Polynesia 14003: 13996: 13989: 13980: 13979: 13891:Jawaharlal Nehru 13741:NAM News Network 13695: 13694: 13620: 13613: 13606: 13597: 13596: 13583: 13582: 13494:Schouten Islands 13449:Island Melanesia 13332: 13310:Papua New Guinea 13298:Sovereign states 13284: 13277: 13270: 13261: 13260: 13052:East Asia Summit 13045: 13038: 13031: 13022: 13021: 13010:Papua New Guinea 12961: 12954: 12947: 12938: 12937: 12783:Pitcairn Islands 12737:French Polynesia 12699:Christmas Island 12682: 12681: 12637: 12502:Papua New Guinea 12477:Marshall Islands 12452: 12451: 12447:Sovereign states 12410: 12403: 12396: 12387: 12386: 12376: 12368: 12081:Papua New Guinea 11964: 11957: 11950: 11941: 11940: 11902:Science Olympiad 11897:Countries by HDI 11882:Countries by GDP 11792: 11791: 11701:University Games 11664:ASEAN Plus Three 11638:East Asia Summit 11616: 11615: 11592:Papua New Guinea 11507: 11506: 11420: 11419: 11402: 11395: 11388: 11379: 11378: 11368: 11361: 11349: 11342: 11335: 11328: 11321: 11303: 11294: 11287: 11280: 11273: 11266: 11259: 11252: 11245: 11238: 11231: 11224: 11217: 11210: 11203: 11196: 11189: 11182: 11175: 11168: 11161: 11154: 11147: 11140: 11133: 11126: 11119: 11112: 11105: 11098: 11091: 11084: 11077: 11070: 11063: 11056: 11038: 11031: 11024: 11017: 11010: 11003: 10996: 10989: 10982: 10980:Papua New Guinea 10975: 10968: 10961: 10954: 10947: 10940: 10933: 10925: 10918: 10911: 10904: 10897: 10873: 10866: 10859: 10850: 10849: 10841:Related articles 10837: 10836: 10824: 10823: 10811: 10810: 10809: 10762:Carteret Islands 10682:Pocklington Reef 10655:Engineer Islands 10650:Dumoulin Islands 10391:Schouten Islands 10121:Marshall Bennett 9964:Papua New Guinea 9956: 9949: 9942: 9933: 9932: 9909: 9908: 9907: 9877: 9774: 9773: 9730: 9710: 9709: 9644:Governor-General 9617: 9616: 9543:Cities and towns 9531: 9530: 9519: 9441: 9440: 9427:Papua New Guinea 9420: 9413: 9406: 9397: 9396: 9387:Papua New Guinea 9384: 9383: 9374: 9373: 9362:Papua New Guinea 9352:Papua New Guinea 9336:Papua New Guinea 9182: 9135:McCosker, Anne. 9108: 9106: 9104: 9078:Griffin, James. 8997: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8976: 8961: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8934: 8926: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8915: 8896: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8885: 8865: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8854: 8845:. Archived from 8835: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8824: 8805: 8799: 8798: 8796: 8794: 8788: 8781: 8773: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8747: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8721: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8707: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8661: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8635: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8624: 8609: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8593:on 29 April 2009 8589:. Archived from 8579: 8570: 8557: 8551: 8550: 8532: 8526: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8515: 8509:. Archived from 8508: 8500: 8494: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8440: 8434: 8432: 8426: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8403: 8397: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8365: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8323: 8303: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8273: 8267: 8266:, 11 August 2009 8249: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8218: 8212: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8198:. Archived from 8192: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8162: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8132: 8126: 8112: 8106: 8105: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8071: 8065:. Archived from 8040: 8031: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8010: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7991: 7976: 7970: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7946: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7926:. 18 June 2015. 7916: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7905: 7877: 7860: 7859: 7857: 7855: 7849: 7832: 7822: 7805: 7802: 7796: 7794: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7760: 7753: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7717: 7711: 7699: 7693: 7681: 7675: 7659: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7633: 7627: 7626: 7624: 7622: 7613:. 29 June 2017. 7601: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7571: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7538: 7532: 7521: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7490: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7457: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7423: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7406: 7399: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7348: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7318: 7312: 7311: 7305: 7300: 7298: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7275: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7245: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7234: 7215: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7195:. 14 June 2016. 7182: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7088: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7041: 7034: 7026: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7009: 6998: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6969:. Archived from 6954: 6948: 6947: 6937: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6857: 6851: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6777: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6686: 6680: 6678: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6547: 6541: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6481: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6470: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6421: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6391: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6358: 6352: 6351: 6339: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6312: 6294: 6262: 6256: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6107: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5907: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5874: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5741: 5735: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5659: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5572:. Archived from 5567:Fenton, Damien. 5565: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5539: 5533: 5527: 5521: 5505: 5499: 5483: 5477: 5476:. 10 April 2003. 5459: 5453: 5426: 5420: 5414: 5408: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5347: 5345: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5312: 5303: 5297: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5189:on 7 March 2016. 5183:The Brunei Times 5175: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5145: 5139: 5136: 5130: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5079: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5029: 4999: 4990: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4897: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4877: 4870: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4818: 4805: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4763: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4729: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4702:. Archived from 4692: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4635: 4626: 4616:Papua New Guinea 4613: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4548: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4495:. Archived from 4484: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4369: 4362: 4358: 4357: 4356: 4355: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4333: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4311: 4308: 4303: 4302: 4297: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4273: 4241: 4239:Countries portal 4236: 4235: 4227: 4222: 4221: 4220: 3966:Vudal University 3804: 3798: 3792: 3786: 3776: 3766: 3756: 3746: 3736: 3726: 3716: 3706: 3696: 3617:Trans-New Guinea 3596:wigman from the 3509:West New Britain 3419:East New Britain 3349: 3339: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3287: 3275: 3274: 3179: 3178: 3159:national airline 3124:Renewable energy 3067:Papuan Peninsula 2740:White Ribbon Day 2509:West New Britain 2498:Western Province 2432:East New Britain 2410: 2409: 2297:alternative vote 2218: 2199: 2190: 2189:28 February 2017 2171: 2162: 2161:9 September 2022 2143: 1820:Sandaun Province 1803:struck north of 1735:that experience 1582:Papuan Peninsula 1293:highland valleys 1254:World War I 1169:bird-of-paradise 1161:Jorge de Menezes 1140:Goaribari Island 1010:sharing similar 824:only land border 796:Papua New Guinea 738: 705: 704: 698: 697: 691: 680: 679: 671: 655: 654: 636: 635: 619: 603: 602: 584: 583: 567: 524:11,781,559 ( 523: 522: 390:Governor-General 324:3.1% unspecified 215: 214: 212: 211: 210: 205: 201: 198: 197: 196: 193: 178:and largest city 166: 156: 155: 111: 97: 81: 73: 66: 58: 44: 43: 16246: 16245: 16241: 16240: 16239: 16237: 16236: 16235: 16151: 16150: 16141: 16139: 16135: 16132: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16120: 16119: 16117: 16112: 16111: 16106: 16094: 16067: 15919: 15795:Solomon Islands 15690:North Macedonia 15228: 15204:Roberto Azevêdo 15182: 15109: 15102: 15031: 14995: 14959: 14954: 14924: 14919: 14905: 14805: 14795:Ross Dependency 14780: 14721: 14698: 14639:Solomon Islands 14411: 14403: 14394: 14364: 14359: 14349: 14328: 14212: 14165: 14144: 14113: 14094:Solomon Islands 14012: 14007: 13977: 13972: 13961: 13920: 13871:Josip Broz Tito 13859: 13771: 13755: 13709: 13686: 13629: 13624: 13594: 13589: 13571: 13550: 13534: 13513: 13509:Woodlark Island 13474:Loyalty Islands 13437: 13401: 13390:Southwest Papua 13333: 13324: 13315:Solomon Islands 13293: 13288: 13258: 13253: 13252: 13153: 13055: 13049: 13019: 13014: 12971: 12965: 12935: 12930: 12868:Overseas France 12850: 12787: 12769: 12751: 12718: 12678: 12673: 12663: 12647: 12638: 12625: 12597:Southwest Papua 12531: 12512:Solomon Islands 12441: 12423: 12414: 12384: 12379: 12371: 12366: 12358: 12150: 12121:Solomon Islands 11977: 11968: 11938: 11933: 11907:Stock exchanges 11841: 11837:Rights of Women 11813: 11783: 11732: 11678: 11652: 11603: 11566: 11492: 11461: 11411: 11406: 11376: 11371: 11360: 11352: 11345: 11338: 11331: 11324: 11317: 11306: 11297: 11290: 11283: 11276: 11269: 11262: 11255: 11248: 11241: 11234: 11227: 11220: 11213: 11206: 11199: 11192: 11185: 11178: 11171: 11164: 11157: 11150: 11143: 11136: 11129: 11122: 11115: 11108: 11101: 11094: 11087: 11080: 11073: 11066: 11059: 11052: 11041: 11034: 11027: 11020: 11013: 11006: 10999: 10992: 10985: 10978: 10971: 10964: 10957: 10950: 10943: 10936: 10928: 10921: 10914: 10907: 10900: 10893: 10882: 10877: 10842: 10834: 10829: 10818: 10807: 10805: 10798: 10738: 10697:Samarai Islands 10628:Deboyne Islands 10528: 10492:Western Islands 10142: 9966: 9960: 9930: 9925: 9905: 9903: 9891: 9875: 9849:National emblem 9825: 9759: 9728: 9695: 9602: 9520: 9507: 9430: 9424: 9381: 9371: 9332: 9324:Wayback Machine 9307:Wayback Machine 9296: 9291: 9286: 9268:Wayback Machine 9249:Wayback Machine 9221: 9219:Primary sources 9216: 9212:Wayback Machine 9179: 9155:Wayback Machine 9131:Wayback Machine 9102: 9100: 9039:Wayback Machine 9026:Connell, John. 9015: 9013:Further reading 9010: 8990: 8985: 8984: 8974: 8972: 8963: 8962: 8958: 8948: 8946: 8938:The Independent 8927: 8923: 8913: 8911: 8898: 8897: 8893: 8883: 8881: 8866: 8862: 8852: 8850: 8837: 8836: 8832: 8822: 8820: 8807: 8806: 8802: 8792: 8790: 8786: 8779: 8775: 8774: 8770: 8760: 8758: 8749: 8748: 8744: 8734: 8732: 8723: 8722: 8715: 8705: 8703: 8690: 8689: 8685: 8675: 8673: 8662: 8658: 8648: 8646: 8637: 8636: 8632: 8622: 8620: 8611: 8610: 8606: 8596: 8594: 8581: 8580: 8573: 8567:Wayback Machine 8558: 8554: 8547: 8533: 8529: 8519: 8517: 8513: 8506: 8502: 8501: 8497: 8487: 8485: 8472: 8471: 8467: 8457: 8455: 8442: 8441: 8437: 8420: 8419: 8412: 8410: 8405: 8404: 8400: 8390: 8388: 8386: 8366: 8362: 8352: 8350: 8335: 8331: 8321: 8319: 8304: 8300: 8290: 8288: 8275: 8274: 8270: 8260:Wayback Machine 8250: 8246: 8236: 8234: 8219: 8215: 8205: 8203: 8194: 8193: 8189: 8179: 8177: 8164: 8163: 8159: 8149: 8147: 8134: 8133: 8129: 8113: 8109: 8090: 8089: 8085: 8075: 8073: 8069: 8038: 8032: 8028: 8018: 8016: 8008: 8004: 8003: 7999: 7989: 7987: 7978: 7977: 7973: 7963: 7961: 7948: 7947: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7918: 7917: 7913: 7903: 7901: 7894: 7878: 7863: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7841: 7830: 7824: 7823: 7808: 7792: 7790: 7779: 7778: 7774: 7764: 7762: 7758: 7751: 7745: 7741: 7731: 7729: 7718: 7714: 7708:Wayback Machine 7700: 7696: 7690:Wayback Machine 7682: 7678: 7672:Wayback Machine 7660: 7656: 7646: 7644: 7643:on 6 April 2015 7635: 7634: 7630: 7620: 7618: 7603: 7602: 7598: 7588: 7586: 7573: 7572: 7565: 7555: 7553: 7540: 7539: 7535: 7522: 7518: 7508: 7506: 7491: 7484: 7474: 7472: 7459: 7458: 7451: 7441: 7439: 7424: 7420: 7410: 7408: 7404: 7397: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7369: 7353:Morauta, Louise 7349: 7345: 7335: 7333: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7303: 7301: 7292: 7291: 7284: 7282: 7277: 7276: 7272: 7262: 7260: 7247: 7246: 7242: 7232: 7230: 7217: 7216: 7212: 7202: 7200: 7185: 7183: 7179: 7169: 7167: 7152: 7148: 7138: 7136: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7103: 7098:. 29 May 2013. 7090: 7089: 7085: 7075: 7073: 7068:. 14 May 2020. 7060: 7059: 7055: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7032: 7028: 7027: 7023: 7013: 7011: 7007: 6996: 6990: 6986: 6976: 6974: 6973:on 14 June 2018 6955: 6951: 6912: 6908: 6898: 6896: 6885: 6881: 6871: 6869: 6858: 6854: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6826: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6764: 6762: 6751: 6747: 6737: 6735: 6720: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6687: 6683: 6675: 6663: 6662: 6658: 6648: 6646: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6605: 6601: 6591: 6589: 6580: 6579: 6575: 6565: 6563: 6548: 6544: 6539: 6535: 6525: 6523: 6518:. 17 May 2012. 6510: 6509: 6505: 6495: 6493: 6492:on 16 June 2011 6482: 6478: 6468: 6466: 6453: 6452: 6448: 6438: 6436: 6423: 6422: 6418: 6408: 6406: 6401:. 9 June 2019. 6393: 6392: 6388: 6378: 6376: 6359: 6355: 6348: 6330: 6326: 6263: 6259: 6253:Wayback Machine 6243: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6213: 6209: 6199: 6197: 6138: 6134: 6124: 6122: 6109: 6108: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6038: 6034: 6024: 6022: 6007: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5978: 5977: 5973: 5963: 5961: 5948: 5947: 5943: 5933: 5931: 5924: 5908: 5901: 5891: 5889: 5876: 5875: 5868: 5858: 5856: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5742: 5738: 5732:Wayback Machine 5722: 5718: 5708: 5706: 5693: 5692: 5688: 5673: 5669: 5653: 5652: 5645: 5643: 5636: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5579: 5577: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5552: 5550: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5528: 5524: 5506: 5502: 5484: 5480: 5470:Wayback Machine 5460: 5456: 5438:Wayback Machine 5427: 5423: 5415: 5411: 5394: 5390: 5380: 5378: 5360: 5356: 5343: 5341: 5326: 5322: 5310: 5304: 5300: 5289: 5285: 5275: 5273: 5266: 5250: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5210: 5208: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5177: 5176: 5172: 5162: 5160: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5137: 5133: 5116:Wayback Machine 5107: 5103: 5093: 5091: 5083:The Independent 5072: 5068: 5058: 5056: 5049:Financial Times 5041: 5037: 5027: 5025: 5000: 4993: 4986: 4982: 4972: 4970: 4954: 4950: 4940: 4938: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4910: 4908: 4899: 4898: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4868: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4836: 4832: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4731: 4730: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4694: 4693: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4636: 4629: 4623:Wayback Machine 4614: 4607: 4597: 4595: 4586: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4550: 4549: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4529:on 13 July 2007 4517: 4516: 4512: 4502: 4500: 4499:on 28 June 2006 4485: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4470: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4450: 4431: 4427: 4415: 4409: 4394: 4373: 4364: 4363: 4360: 4351: 4350: 4335: 4317: 4314: 4305: 4299: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4270: 4265: 4237: 4230: 4223: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4161: 4155: 4150: 4142:Main articles: 4140: 4029: 4017:Main articles: 4015: 3999: 3993: 3962:Madang Province 3954:Catholic Church 3939:Morobe Province 3925:, based in the 3915: 3909: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3782: 3774: 3772: 3764: 3762: 3754: 3752: 3744: 3742: 3734: 3732: 3724: 3722: 3714: 3712: 3704: 3702: 3694: 3686: 3680: 3587: 3581: 3572: 3552: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3350: 3344: 3340: 3306: 3305: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3257: 3177: 3171: 3147: 3141: 3075: 3055: 3006: 2912:Asian markets, 2862: 2856: 2838: 2794:Homosexual acts 2760:. According to 2732: 2722: 2716: 2692: 2686: 2643: 2589: 2583: 2563:Jiwaka Province 2381: 2365:Main articles: 2363: 2251:Solomon Islands 2223: 2222: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2207: 2200: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2179: 2172: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2151: 2144: 2133: 2127: 1987:Antarctic flora 1913: 1899: 1890: 1844:Another severe 1793: 1781:Solomon Islands 1744:141° E meridian 1662:tectonic plates 1580:, and the long 1515:Solomon Islands 1475: 1469: 1416: 1337: 1301: 1201: 1185:Woodlark Island 1177: 1157: 1079:sea levels rose 1030: 1024: 980:) was the name 972:do call Papuas. 955: 832:Solomon Islands 733: 702: 701: 700: 689: 677: 676: 675: 669: 648: 629: 617: 596: 577: 561: 545: 535: 516: 499: 485: 464: 451: 437: 407: 392: 377: 337: 321: 286: 278: 255: 246: 208: 206: 202: 199: 194: 191: 189: 187: 186: 185: 179: 171: 170: 157: 145: 119: 118: 117: 115:National emblem 112: 104: 103: 98: 85: 84: 75: 60: 49: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 16244: 16234: 16233: 16228: 16223: 16218: 16213: 16208: 16203: 16198: 16193: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16173: 16168: 16163: 16114: 16113: 16108: 16107: 16091: 16090: 16083: 16076: 16073: 16072: 16069: 16068: 16066: 16065: 16060: 16055: 16050: 16045: 16040: 16035: 16030: 16025: 16020: 16015: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15958:Czech Republic 15955: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15935: 15929: 15927: 15925:European Union 15918: 15917: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15880:United Kingdom 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15847: 15842: 15837: 15832: 15827: 15822: 15817: 15812: 15807: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15787: 15782: 15777: 15772: 15767: 15762: 15757: 15752: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15732: 15727: 15722: 15717: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15517: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15492: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15236: 15234: 15230: 15229: 15227: 15226: 15221: 15219:Alejandro Jara 15216: 15211: 15206: 15201: 15190: 15188: 15184: 15183: 15181: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15155: 15150: 15145: 15140: 15135: 15130: 15125: 15120: 15114: 15112: 15104: 15103: 15101: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15039: 15037: 15033: 15032: 15030: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15003: 15001: 14997: 14996: 14994: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14976:Appellate Body 14973: 14967: 14965: 14961: 14960: 14953: 14952: 14945: 14938: 14930: 14921: 14920: 14914: 14911: 14910: 14907: 14906: 14904: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14888: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14851:Cayman Islands 14848: 14843: 14838: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14815: 14813: 14811:United Kingdom 14807: 14806: 14804: 14803: 14798: 14790: 14788: 14782: 14781: 14779: 14778: 14776:Norfolk Island 14773: 14768: 14763: 14758: 14753: 14746: 14740: 14738: 14729: 14723: 14722: 14720: 14719: 14714: 14708: 14706: 14700: 14699: 14697: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14684:United Kingdom 14681: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14471: 14466: 14461: 14456: 14451: 14446: 14441: 14436: 14431: 14426: 14421: 14415: 14413: 14405: 14404: 14393: 14392: 14385: 14378: 14370: 14361: 14360: 14358: 14357: 14354: 14351: 14350: 14348: 14347: 14342: 14336: 14334: 14330: 14329: 14327: 14326: 14321: 14319:United Kingdom 14316: 14311: 14306: 14301: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14281: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14244:European Union 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14220: 14218: 14214: 14213: 14211: 14210: 14205: 14200: 14195: 14190: 14185: 14180: 14173: 14171: 14167: 14166: 14164: 14163: 14158: 14152: 14150: 14146: 14145: 14143: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14125:American Samoa 14121: 14119: 14115: 14114: 14112: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14020: 14018: 14014: 14013: 14006: 14005: 13998: 13991: 13983: 13974: 13973: 13970: 13967: 13966: 13963: 13962: 13960: 13959: 13954: 13952:Nicolás Maduro 13949: 13944: 13942:Nelson Mandela 13939: 13934: 13928: 13926: 13922: 13921: 13919: 13918: 13908: 13898: 13888: 13878: 13867: 13865: 13861: 13860: 13858: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13842: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13790:Brioni Meeting 13787: 13781: 13779: 13773: 13772: 13770: 13769: 13763: 13761: 13757: 13756: 13754: 13753: 13748: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13717: 13715: 13711: 13710: 13708: 13707: 13701: 13699: 13692: 13688: 13687: 13685: 13684: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13640: 13638: 13631: 13630: 13623: 13622: 13615: 13608: 13600: 13591: 13590: 13588: 13587: 13576: 13573: 13572: 13570: 13569: 13564: 13558: 13556: 13552: 13551: 13549: 13548: 13542: 13540: 13536: 13535: 13533: 13532: 13530:Melanesia 2000 13527: 13521: 13519: 13515: 13514: 13512: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13445: 13443: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13409: 13407: 13403: 13402: 13400: 13399: 13398: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13375:Highland Papua 13372: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13341: 13339: 13335: 13334: 13327: 13325: 13323: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13301: 13299: 13295: 13294: 13287: 13286: 13279: 13272: 13264: 13255: 13254: 13251: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13159: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13086: 13081: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13060: 13057: 13056: 13048: 13047: 13040: 13033: 13025: 13016: 13015: 13013: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12976: 12973: 12972: 12964: 12963: 12956: 12949: 12941: 12932: 12931: 12929: 12928: 12927: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12906: 12905: 12904: 12894: 12893: 12892: 12882: 12881: 12880: 12875: 12865: 12859: 12856: 12855: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12826:Johnston Atoll 12823: 12818: 12816:Howland Island 12813: 12808: 12803: 12801:American Samoa 12797: 12795: 12789: 12788: 12786: 12785: 12779: 12777: 12775:United Kingdom 12771: 12770: 12768: 12767: 12761: 12759: 12753: 12752: 12750: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12728: 12726: 12720: 12719: 12717: 12716: 12714:Norfolk Island 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12690: 12688: 12679: 12668: 12665: 12664: 12662: 12661: 12656: 12650: 12648: 12643: 12640: 12639: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12626: 12624: 12623: 12622: 12621: 12616: 12606: 12605: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12582:Highland Papua 12579: 12569: 12568: 12567: 12557: 12556: 12555: 12550: 12539: 12537: 12533: 12532: 12530: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12458: 12456: 12449: 12443: 12442: 12440: 12439: 12434: 12428: 12425: 12424: 12413: 12412: 12405: 12398: 12390: 12381: 12380: 12378: 12377: 12369: 12363: 12360: 12359: 12357: 12356: 12346: 12336: 12326: 12316: 12306: 12294: 12284: 12274: 12269: 12259: 12249: 12239: 12229: 12219: 12214: 12204: 12194: 12184: 12174: 12169: 12158: 12156: 12152: 12151: 12149: 12148: 12141:United Kingdom 12138: 12128: 12118: 12108: 12098: 12088: 12078: 12077: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12056: 12046: 12036: 12026: 12016: 12006: 11996: 11985: 11983: 11979: 11978: 11967: 11966: 11959: 11952: 11944: 11935: 11934: 11932: 11931: 11930: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11859: 11853: 11851: 11847: 11846: 11843: 11842: 11840: 11839: 11834: 11833: 11832: 11821: 11819: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11795: 11789: 11785: 11784: 11782: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11740: 11738: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11730: 11725: 11724: 11723: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11692: 11690: 11684: 11683: 11680: 11679: 11677: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11660: 11658: 11654: 11653: 11651: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11634: 11633: 11622: 11620: 11613: 11609: 11608: 11605: 11604: 11602: 11601: 11600: 11599: 11589: 11588: 11587: 11576: 11574: 11568: 11567: 11565: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11513: 11511: 11504: 11498: 11497: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11469: 11467: 11463: 11462: 11460: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11423: 11417: 11413: 11412: 11405: 11404: 11397: 11390: 11382: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11369: 11357: 11354: 11353: 11351: 11350: 11343: 11336: 11329: 11322: 11314: 11312: 11308: 11307: 11305: 11304: 11295: 11288: 11281: 11274: 11267: 11260: 11253: 11246: 11239: 11232: 11225: 11218: 11211: 11204: 11197: 11190: 11183: 11176: 11169: 11162: 11155: 11148: 11141: 11134: 11127: 11120: 11113: 11106: 11099: 11092: 11085: 11078: 11071: 11064: 11057: 11049: 11047: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11039: 11032: 11025: 11018: 11011: 11004: 10997: 10990: 10983: 10976: 10969: 10962: 10955: 10948: 10941: 10934: 10926: 10919: 10912: 10905: 10898: 10890: 10888: 10884: 10883: 10876: 10875: 10868: 10861: 10853: 10847: 10844: 10843: 10831: 10830: 10803: 10800: 10799: 10797: 10796: 10791: 10790: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10748: 10746: 10740: 10739: 10737: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10725: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10694: 10689: 10687:Renard Islands 10684: 10679: 10674: 10673: 10672: 10665:Jomard Islands 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10641: 10640: 10635: 10625: 10623:Daloloia Group 10620: 10619: 10618: 10613: 10606:Conflict Group 10603: 10602: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10564:Calvados Chain 10561: 10560: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10538: 10536: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10526: 10525: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10512:Ninigo Islands 10509: 10507:Kaniet Islands 10504: 10502:Hermit Islands 10499: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10473: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10447: 10446: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10425: 10420: 10419: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10388: 10383: 10382: 10381: 10376: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10325: 10324: 10314: 10309: 10308: 10307: 10302: 10292: 10287: 10286: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10234: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10206:Pityilu Island 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10152: 10150: 10144: 10143: 10141: 10140: 10135: 10134: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10103: 10098: 10097: 10096: 10086: 10081: 10080: 10079: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9982: 9977: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9959: 9958: 9951: 9944: 9936: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9900: 9897: 9896: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9835: 9833: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9823: 9818: 9816:Postal service 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9777: 9771: 9765: 9764: 9761: 9760: 9758: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9740:Stock exchange 9737: 9732: 9724: 9719: 9713: 9707: 9701: 9700: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9693: 9688: 9686:Prime Minister 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9662: 9661: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9620: 9614: 9608: 9607: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9534: 9528: 9522: 9521: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9444: 9438: 9432: 9431: 9429: articles 9423: 9422: 9415: 9408: 9400: 9394: 9393: 9378: 9368: 9359: 9349: 9331: 9328: 9327: 9326: 9314: 9309: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9289:External links 9287: 9285: 9284: 9277: 9270: 9251: 9240:(2000) memoir 9230: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9214: 9197: 9190: 9183: 9177: 9164: 9157: 9140: 9133: 9116: 9109: 9083: 9076: 9071:Golson, Jack. 9069: 9062: 9057:Dorney, Sean. 9055: 9050:Dorney, Sean. 9048: 9043:Dorney, Sean. 9041: 9024: 9016: 9014: 9011: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8983: 8982: 8956: 8921: 8904:ich.unesco.org 8891: 8874:whc.unesco.org 8860: 8830: 8800: 8768: 8742: 8713: 8683: 8656: 8630: 8604: 8571: 8552: 8545: 8527: 8495: 8465: 8435: 8398: 8384: 8360: 8329: 8298: 8268: 8244: 8227:The Australian 8213: 8187: 8157: 8127: 8107: 8083: 8072:on 12 May 2013 8049:(2): 195–222. 8026: 7997: 7971: 7941: 7911: 7892: 7861: 7839: 7806: 7772: 7739: 7712: 7694: 7676: 7654: 7628: 7596: 7563: 7533: 7516: 7482: 7449: 7418: 7386: 7367: 7343: 7313: 7270: 7240: 7210: 7177: 7146: 7113: 7083: 7053: 7021: 6984: 6949: 6928:(4): e208-18. 6906: 6879: 6852: 6843: 6824: 6804: 6772: 6745: 6714: 6681: 6673: 6656: 6630: 6599: 6573: 6542: 6533: 6503: 6476: 6446: 6416: 6386: 6353: 6346: 6324: 6257: 6237: 6207: 6132: 6099: 6063: 6032: 6001: 5971: 5941: 5922: 5899: 5866: 5836: 5806: 5775: 5736: 5716: 5686: 5667: 5634: 5614: 5588: 5576:on 5 July 2009 5560: 5534: 5522: 5500: 5478: 5454: 5421: 5409: 5388: 5354: 5320: 5298: 5283: 5264: 5244: 5218: 5192: 5170: 5140: 5131: 5101: 5066: 5035: 4991: 4980: 4948: 4918: 4889: 4857: 4851: 4830: 4792: 4758: 4717: 4687: 4661: 4627: 4605: 4579: 4540: 4510: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4468: 4458: 4448: 4425: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4228: 4212: 4209: 4157:Main article: 4154: 4151: 4139: 4136: 4014: 4011: 3995:Main article: 3992: 3989: 3911:Main article: 3908: 3905: 3850:Roman Catholic 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3779:Salvation Army 3773: 3763: 3753: 3743: 3733: 3723: 3713: 3703: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3682:Main article: 3679: 3676: 3583:Main article: 3580: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3560:ethnic Chinese 3548:Main article: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3407: 3406: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3354: 3332: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3289: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3273: 3256: 3253: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3208: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3173:Main article: 3170: 3167: 3143:Main article: 3140: 3137: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3074: 3071: 3054: 3053:Gold discovery 3051: 3030:alienated land 3005: 3002: 2904:(IMF) and the 2894:Mekere Morauta 2858:Main article: 2855: 2852: 2837: 2834: 2718:Main article: 2715: 2712: 2688:Main article: 2685: 2682: 2672:Guardian-class 2642: 2639: 2635:Papua conflict 2585:Main article: 2582: 2579: 2549: 2548: 2538: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2478: 2471: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2418: 2362: 2359: 2259:Prime Minister 2201: 2194: 2193: 2173: 2166: 2165: 2145: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2129:Main article: 2126: 2123: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2080: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2055: 2052:Huon Peninsula 2049: 2028: 1898: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1839:Southeast Asia 1792: 1789: 1757:Torasi Estuary 1702:Eurasian Plate 1545:(capital) and 1495:island country 1471:Main article: 1468: 1465: 1452:John Tabinaman 1424:patrol officer 1415: 1412: 1407:Prince Charles 1385:Michael Somare 1336: 1333: 1300: 1297: 1262:Central Powers 1200: 1197: 1176: 1173: 1156: 1153: 1026:Main article: 1023: 1020: 976:"New Guinea" ( 962:António Galvão 954: 951: 947:United Nations 840:island country 791: 790: 785: 779: 778: 773: 767: 766: 761: 755: 754: 751: 745: 744: 731: 727: 726: 716: 712: 711: 692: 682: 681: 672: 662: 661: 649: 646: 643: 642: 630: 627: 624: 623: 620: 610: 609: 597: 594: 591: 590: 578: 575: 572: 571: 568: 554: 553: 546: 544:• Density 543: 540: 539: 536: 533: 530: 529: 517: 514: 511: 510: 504: 503: 500: 497: 494: 493: 486: 483: 480: 479: 473: 472: 469: 468: 465: 459: 456: 455: 452: 446: 443: 442: 439: 438: 432: 428: 427: 422: 418: 417: 414: 413: 408: 405:Prime Minister 402: 399: 398: 393: 387: 384: 383: 378: 372: 369: 368: 365: 364: 358: 352: 351: 345: 339: 338: 336: 335: 325: 322: 320: 319: 318: 317: 311: 305: 292: 289: 287: 284: 280: 279: 277: 276: 270: 268: 262: 261: 256: 251: 248: 247: 245: 244: 239: 234: 229: 223: 221: 217: 216: 180: 177: 173: 172: 168: 167: 159: 158: 143: 132: 131: 121: 120: 113: 106: 105: 99: 92: 91: 90: 87: 86: 83: 82: 67: 51: 50: 47: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16243: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16217: 16214: 16212: 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16158: 16156: 16149: 16146: 16105: 16104: 16103: 16098: 16088: 16084: 16081: 16078: 16077: 16074: 16064: 16061: 16059: 16056: 16054: 16051: 16049: 16046: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15930: 15928: 15926: 15922: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15885:United States 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15841: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15753: 15751: 15748: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15585:Liechtenstein 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15485:Guinea-Bissau 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15237: 15235: 15231: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15205: 15202: 15199: 15195: 15192: 15191: 15189: 15185: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15149: 15146: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15115: 15113: 15111: 15105: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15040: 15038: 15034: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15004: 15002: 14998: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14968: 14966: 14962: 14958: 14951: 14946: 14944: 14939: 14937: 14932: 14931: 14928: 14918: 14912: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14836: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14816: 14814: 14812: 14808: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14796: 14792: 14791: 14789: 14787: 14783: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14751: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14741: 14739: 14737: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14724: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14709: 14707: 14705: 14701: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14475: 14472: 14470: 14467: 14465: 14462: 14460: 14457: 14455: 14452: 14450: 14447: 14445: 14442: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14416: 14414: 14410: 14406: 14402: 14398: 14391: 14386: 14384: 14379: 14377: 14372: 14371: 14368: 14356: 14355: 14352: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14337: 14335: 14331: 14325: 14324:United States 14322: 14320: 14317: 14315: 14312: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14295: 14292: 14290: 14287: 14285: 14282: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14221: 14219: 14215: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14184: 14181: 14178: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14168: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14153: 14151: 14147: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14122: 14120: 14116: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14084:New Caledonia 14082: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14021: 14019: 14015: 14011: 14004: 13999: 13997: 13992: 13990: 13985: 13984: 13981: 13968: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13947:Mohamed Morsi 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13929: 13927: 13923: 13916: 13912: 13909: 13906: 13902: 13901:Kwame Nkrumah 13899: 13896: 13892: 13889: 13886: 13882: 13879: 13876: 13872: 13869: 13868: 13866: 13862: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13782: 13780: 13778: 13774: 13768: 13765: 13764: 13762: 13758: 13752: 13749: 13746: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13718: 13716: 13714:Organizations 13712: 13706: 13703: 13702: 13700: 13696: 13693: 13689: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13645: 13642: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13632: 13628: 13621: 13616: 13614: 13609: 13607: 13602: 13601: 13598: 13586: 13578: 13577: 13574: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13562:Melanesia Cup 13560: 13559: 13557: 13553: 13547: 13544: 13543: 13541: 13537: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13522: 13520: 13518:Organizations 13516: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13446: 13444: 13440: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13404: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13370:Central Papua 13368: 13367: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13355:New Caledonia 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13342: 13340: 13336: 13331: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13302: 13300: 13296: 13292: 13285: 13280: 13278: 13273: 13271: 13266: 13265: 13262: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13243:United States 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13160: 13156: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13061: 13058: 13053: 13046: 13041: 13039: 13034: 13032: 13027: 13026: 13023: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12977: 12974: 12970: 12962: 12957: 12955: 12950: 12948: 12943: 12942: 12939: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12911: 12910: 12907: 12903: 12900: 12899: 12898: 12895: 12891: 12888: 12887: 12886: 12883: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12870: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12860: 12857: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12821:Jarvis Island 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12798: 12796: 12794: 12793:United States 12790: 12784: 12781: 12780: 12778: 12776: 12772: 12766: 12763: 12762: 12760: 12758: 12754: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12742:New Caledonia 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12729: 12727: 12725: 12721: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12691: 12689: 12687: 12683: 12680: 12677: 12671: 12666: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12620: 12619:Palmyra Atoll 12617: 12615: 12612: 12611: 12610: 12609:United States 12607: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12577:Central Papua 12575: 12574: 12573: 12570: 12566: 12563: 12562: 12561: 12558: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12548:Easter Island 12546: 12545: 12544: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12534: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12459: 12457: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12444: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12429: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12411: 12406: 12404: 12399: 12397: 12392: 12391: 12388: 12374: 12370: 12365: 12364: 12361: 12354: 12350: 12347: 12344: 12340: 12337: 12334: 12330: 12327: 12324: 12320: 12317: 12314: 12310: 12307: 12304: 12300: 12299: 12295: 12292: 12288: 12285: 12282: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12267: 12263: 12260: 12257: 12253: 12250: 12247: 12243: 12240: 12237: 12233: 12230: 12227: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12212: 12208: 12205: 12202: 12198: 12195: 12192: 12188: 12185: 12182: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12167: 12163: 12160: 12159: 12157: 12153: 12146: 12142: 12139: 12136: 12132: 12129: 12126: 12122: 12119: 12116: 12112: 12109: 12106: 12102: 12099: 12096: 12092: 12089: 12086: 12082: 12079: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12061: 12060: 12057: 12054: 12050: 12047: 12044: 12040: 12037: 12034: 12030: 12027: 12024: 12020: 12017: 12014: 12010: 12007: 12004: 12000: 11997: 11994: 11990: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11965: 11960: 11958: 11953: 11951: 11946: 11945: 11942: 11928: 11927:Universities 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11864: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11854: 11852: 11848: 11838: 11835: 11831: 11828: 11827: 11826: 11823: 11822: 11820: 11816: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11796: 11793: 11790: 11786: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11741: 11739: 11735: 11729: 11726: 11722: 11719: 11718: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11693: 11691: 11689: 11685: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11661: 11659: 11655: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11632: 11629: 11628: 11627: 11624: 11623: 11621: 11617: 11614: 11610: 11598: 11595: 11594: 11593: 11590: 11586: 11583: 11582: 11581: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11573: 11569: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11514: 11512: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11499: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11470: 11468: 11464: 11458: 11457:Visa policies 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11442:Organisations 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11432:Customs union 11430: 11428: 11425: 11424: 11421: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11403: 11398: 11396: 11391: 11389: 11384: 11383: 11380: 11365: 11359: 11358: 11355: 11348: 11344: 11341: 11337: 11334: 11330: 11327: 11323: 11320: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11309: 11302: 11301: 11296: 11293: 11289: 11286: 11282: 11279: 11275: 11272: 11268: 11265: 11261: 11258: 11254: 11251: 11247: 11244: 11240: 11237: 11233: 11230: 11226: 11223: 11219: 11216: 11212: 11209: 11205: 11202: 11198: 11195: 11191: 11188: 11184: 11181: 11177: 11174: 11170: 11167: 11163: 11160: 11156: 11153: 11149: 11146: 11142: 11139: 11135: 11132: 11128: 11125: 11121: 11118: 11114: 11111: 11107: 11104: 11100: 11097: 11093: 11090: 11086: 11083: 11079: 11076: 11072: 11069: 11065: 11062: 11058: 11055: 11051: 11050: 11048: 11044: 11037: 11033: 11030: 11029:United States 11026: 11023: 11019: 11016: 11012: 11009: 11005: 11002: 10998: 10995: 10991: 10988: 10984: 10981: 10977: 10974: 10970: 10967: 10963: 10960: 10956: 10953: 10949: 10946: 10942: 10939: 10935: 10931: 10927: 10924: 10920: 10917: 10913: 10910: 10906: 10903: 10899: 10896: 10892: 10891: 10889: 10885: 10881: 10874: 10869: 10867: 10862: 10860: 10855: 10854: 10851: 10845: 10838: 10828: 10827: 10822: 10815: 10814: 10801: 10795: 10792: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10769: 10768: 10767:Green Islands 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10745: 10741: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10699: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10692:Rossel (Yela) 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10671: 10668: 10667: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10630: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10608: 10607: 10604: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10566: 10565: 10562: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10544: 10543: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10535: 10531: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10494: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10452: 10451: 10450:Tanga Islands 10448: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10430: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10393: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10323: 10320: 10319: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10297: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10176:Little Ndrova 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10158: 10157: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10149: 10145: 10139: 10136: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10095: 10092: 10091: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9987: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9972: 9969: 9965: 9957: 9952: 9950: 9945: 9943: 9938: 9937: 9934: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9902: 9901: 9898: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9832: 9828: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9791:Ethnic groups 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9778: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9766: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9714: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9702: 9692: 9691:Supreme Court 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9621: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9609: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9578:Mount Wilhelm 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9553:Deforestation 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9523: 9518: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9433: 9428: 9421: 9416: 9414: 9409: 9407: 9402: 9401: 9398: 9392: 9391:OpenStreetMap 9388: 9379: 9377: 9369: 9367: 9363: 9360: 9357: 9353: 9350: 9347: 9343: 9342: 9337: 9334: 9333: 9325: 9321: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9304: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9282: 9278: 9275: 9271: 9269: 9265: 9262: 9258: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9246: 9243: 9239: 9238: 9234: 9231: 9228: 9224: 9223: 9213: 9209: 9206: 9202: 9198: 9195: 9191: 9188: 9185:Waiko. John. 9184: 9180: 9174: 9170: 9165: 9162: 9158: 9156: 9152: 9149: 9145: 9141: 9138: 9134: 9132: 9128: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9110: 9098: 9094: 9093: 9088: 9084: 9081: 9077: 9074: 9070: 9067: 9063: 9060: 9056: 9053: 9049: 9046: 9042: 9040: 9036: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9022: 9018: 9017: 9009: 9007: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8970: 8966: 8960: 8944: 8940: 8939: 8933: 8925: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8895: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8864: 8848: 8844: 8843:Datec Pty Ltd 8840: 8834: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8804: 8785: 8778: 8772: 8756: 8752: 8746: 8730: 8726: 8720: 8718: 8701: 8697: 8693: 8687: 8671: 8667: 8660: 8644: 8640: 8634: 8618: 8614: 8608: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8578: 8576: 8568: 8564: 8561: 8556: 8548: 8542: 8538: 8531: 8512: 8505: 8499: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8469: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8439: 8430: 8424: 8408: 8402: 8387: 8381: 8377: 8376: 8371: 8370:Carme Junyent 8364: 8348: 8344: 8343:Pangeanic.com 8340: 8333: 8317: 8313: 8309: 8302: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8265: 8264:The Economist 8261: 8257: 8254: 8248: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8217: 8201: 8197: 8191: 8175: 8171: 8170:worldbank.org 8167: 8161: 8145: 8141: 8137: 8131: 8124: 8123:archive.today 8120: 8117: 8111: 8103: 8099: 8098: 8093: 8087: 8068: 8064: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8037: 8030: 8014: 8007: 8001: 7985: 7981: 7975: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7950:"Our History" 7945: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7915: 7899: 7895: 7889: 7885: 7884: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7846: 7842: 7836: 7829: 7828: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7801: 7788: 7784: 7783: 7776: 7757: 7750: 7743: 7727: 7723: 7716: 7709: 7705: 7702: 7698: 7691: 7687: 7684: 7680: 7673: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7658: 7642: 7638: 7632: 7616: 7612: 7611: 7610:The Economist 7606: 7600: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7570: 7568: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7537: 7531: 7530:0-89181-333-0 7527: 7520: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7489: 7487: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7456: 7454: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7422: 7403: 7396: 7390: 7374: 7370: 7364: 7360: 7359: 7354: 7347: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7317: 7309: 7296: 7281: 7274: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7244: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7214: 7198: 7194: 7193: 7188: 7181: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7150: 7134: 7130: 7129: 7124: 7117: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7087: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7057: 7038: 7031: 7025: 7006: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6963:New York City 6960: 6953: 6945: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6922: 6917: 6910: 6894: 6890: 6883: 6867: 6863: 6856: 6847: 6831: 6827: 6821: 6817: 6816: 6808: 6792: 6788: 6787: 6782: 6776: 6760: 6756: 6749: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6718: 6702: 6698: 6697: 6692: 6685: 6676: 6670: 6666: 6660: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6603: 6587: 6583: 6577: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6546: 6537: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6507: 6491: 6487: 6480: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6450: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6420: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6390: 6374: 6370: 6369: 6364: 6357: 6349: 6343: 6338: 6337: 6328: 6320: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6261: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6241: 6225: 6221: 6218:(July 2014). 6217: 6211: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6136: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6106: 6104: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6067: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6036: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6005: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5975: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5929: 5925: 5923:9789401537063 5919: 5915: 5914: 5906: 5904: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5873: 5871: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5840: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5810: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5779: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5740: 5733: 5729: 5726: 5720: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5682: 5678: 5671: 5663: 5657: 5641: 5637: 5635:9781863332040 5631: 5628:. Melbourne. 5627: 5626: 5618: 5602: 5598: 5592: 5575: 5571: 5564: 5548: 5544: 5538: 5531: 5526: 5520: 5519:0-226-80832-7 5516: 5512: 5511: 5504: 5498: 5497:0-89789-596-7 5494: 5490: 5489: 5482: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5451:0-472-06687-0 5448: 5444: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5432: 5425: 5418: 5413: 5406: 5405:0-393-03891-2 5402: 5398: 5392: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5358: 5351: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5324: 5316: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5294: 5287: 5271: 5267: 5261: 5257: 5256: 5248: 5232: 5228: 5222: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5174: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5144: 5135: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5110: 5105: 5089: 5085: 5084: 5078: 5070: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5005: 4998: 4996: 4989: 4984: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4958: 4952: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4922: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4894: 4874: 4867: 4861: 4854: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4839:Jones, Daniel 4834: 4815: 4811: 4810: 4802: 4796: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4634: 4632: 4624: 4620: 4617: 4612: 4610: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4547: 4545: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4483: 4479: 4462: 4452: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4429: 4421: 4367: 4354: 4347: 4278: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4229: 4226: 4215: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4166: 4160: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4122: 4117: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4060: 4056: 4048: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3988: 3986: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3904: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3780: 3770: 3760: 3750: 3740: 3730: 3720: 3710: 3700: 3692: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3666: 3665:lingua franca 3661: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3618: 3613: 3605: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3576: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3309: 3303: 3276: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3231: 3230:Austronesians 3227: 3223: 3222:heterogeneous 3213: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3085: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3050: 3046: 3043: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3010: 3001: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2987: 2986:Dutch disease 2981: 2978: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2966:TotalEnergies 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2851: 2848: 2843: 2833: 2831: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2819:Enga Province 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777:"black" magic 2773: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2681: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2668:landing craft 2666: 2664: 2659: 2656: 2655:Pacific-class 2652: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2631: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2593: 2588: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2555:Hela Province 2543: 2539: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2324:Peter O'Neill 2321: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2309:Peter O'Neill 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2286: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2212: 2211: 2205: 2198: 2184: 2183: 2177: 2170: 2156: 2155: 2149: 2142: 2132: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2001: 2000: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1968: 1967:tree-kangaroo 1963: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1894: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1869:Enga Province 1866: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1831:Hela Province 1828: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1786: 1785:a 1989 treaty 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1761:Torres Strait 1758: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1710:Central Range 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1686:Torres Strait 1683: 1679: 1675: 1672:(also called 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1603:Mount Wilhelm 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1487: 1479: 1474: 1464: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1425: 1420: 1411: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366:Gough Whitlam 1362: 1360: 1355: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1310: 1305: 1296: 1294: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1152: 1149: 1148:Harry Dauncey 1146:, missionary 1145: 1144:Gulf of Papua 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1047: 1046:Bishop Museum 1042: 1034: 1029: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1004: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 973: 971: 965: 963: 959: 950: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 908: 905: 903: 899: 894: 892: 889:has been the 888: 884: 880: 877:in 1975 with 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 843: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 816:Pacific Ocean 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 789: 786: 784: 780: 777: 774: 772: 771:ISO 3166 code 768: 765: 762: 760: 756: 752: 750: 746: 742: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 717: 713: 709: 693: 687: 683: 673: 667: 663: 659: 656:$ 2,581 ( 650: 644: 640: 631: 625: 621: 615: 611: 607: 604:$ 3,403 ( 598: 592: 588: 579: 573: 569: 565: 559: 555: 551: 547: 541: 537: 531: 527: 518: 512: 509: 505: 501: 495: 491: 487: 481: 478: 474: 470: 466: 463: 457: 453: 450: 444: 440: 436: 429: 426: 423: 419: 415: 412: 409: 406: 400: 397: 394: 391: 385: 382: 379: 376: 370: 366: 363: 359: 357: 353: 349: 346: 344: 340: 334: 330: 326: 323: 316: 312: 310: 306: 304: 303:Protestantism 300: 299: 298: 294: 293: 291: 290: 288: 285:(2011 census) 281: 275: 272: 271: 269: 267: 263: 260: 259:851 languages 257: 254: 249: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 224: 222: 218: 213: 184: 181: 174: 165: 160: 141: 137: 133: 129: 126: 125:Motto: ' 122: 116: 110: 102: 96: 88: 79: 72: 68: 64: 57: 53: 52: 45: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 16118: 16093: 16092: 15800:South Africa 15785:Sierra Leone 15770:Saudi Arabia 15325:Burkina Faso 15098:Bali Package 15027:Peace Clause 14833: 14793: 14748: 14712:Cook Islands 14644:South Africa 14629:Sierra Leone 14593: 14078: 14029:Cook Islands 13937:Fidel Castro 13433:Universities 13350:Bougainville 13309: 13009: 12919:Insular area 12836:Midway Atoll 12831:Kingman Reef 12806:Baker Island 12670:Dependencies 12654:Cook Islands 12501: 12319:South Africa 12309:Sierra Leone 12296: 12272:Newfoundland 12080: 12064:Cook Islands 11892:Minimum wage 11869:EU relations 11825:Human Rights 11706:School Games 11626:ASEAN Summit 11591: 11298: 10979: 10817: 10804: 10752:Bougainville 10707:Gonubalabala 10322:Lihir Island 10295:Feni Islands 10211:Ponam Island 10089:Vitu Islands 9963: 9801:Homelessness 9781:Demographics 9722:Central bank 9649:Human rights 9548:Conservation 9426: 9355: 9339: 9280: 9273: 9256: 9235: 9233:Tim Flannery 9226: 9200: 9193: 9186: 9168: 9160: 9143: 9136: 9119: 9112: 9101:. Retrieved 9091: 9079: 9072: 9065: 9064:Gash, Noel. 9058: 9051: 9044: 9027: 9020: 9004: 9000:free content 8992: 8973:. Retrieved 8959: 8947:. Retrieved 8936: 8924: 8912:. Retrieved 8903: 8894: 8882:. Retrieved 8873: 8863: 8851:. Retrieved 8847:the original 8842: 8833: 8821:. Retrieved 8812: 8803: 8791:. Retrieved 8784:the original 8771: 8759:. Retrieved 8745: 8733:. Retrieved 8704:. Retrieved 8695: 8686: 8674:. Retrieved 8670:the original 8659: 8647:. Retrieved 8643:the original 8633: 8621:. Retrieved 8607: 8595:. Retrieved 8591:the original 8586: 8555: 8536: 8530: 8518:. Retrieved 8511:the original 8498: 8486:. Retrieved 8477: 8468: 8456:. Retrieved 8447: 8438: 8411:. Retrieved 8401: 8389:. Retrieved 8374: 8363: 8351:. Retrieved 8342: 8332: 8320:. Retrieved 8311: 8301: 8289:. Retrieved 8280: 8271: 8263: 8247: 8235:. Retrieved 8226: 8216: 8204:. Retrieved 8200:the original 8190: 8178:. Retrieved 8169: 8160: 8148:. Retrieved 8139: 8130: 8110: 8095: 8086: 8074:. Retrieved 8067:the original 8046: 8042: 8029: 8017:. Retrieved 8000: 7988:. Retrieved 7974: 7962:. Retrieved 7953: 7944: 7932:. Retrieved 7923: 7914: 7902:. Retrieved 7882: 7852:. Retrieved 7826: 7798: 7791:, retrieved 7781: 7775: 7763:. Retrieved 7756:the original 7742: 7730:. Retrieved 7715: 7697: 7679: 7663: 7657: 7645:. Retrieved 7641:the original 7631: 7619:. Retrieved 7608: 7599: 7587:. Retrieved 7578: 7554:. Retrieved 7545: 7536: 7519: 7509:28 September 7507:. Retrieved 7499:The Guardian 7498: 7475:28 September 7473:. Retrieved 7464: 7442:28 September 7440:. Retrieved 7431: 7421: 7409:. Retrieved 7389: 7377:. Retrieved 7357: 7346: 7334:. Retrieved 7325: 7316: 7283:. Retrieved 7279: 7273: 7261:. Retrieved 7252: 7243: 7231:. Retrieved 7222: 7213: 7201:. Retrieved 7190: 7180: 7168:. Retrieved 7160:The Guardian 7159: 7149: 7137:. Retrieved 7126: 7116: 7104:. Retrieved 7086: 7074:. Retrieved 7065: 7056: 7044:. Retrieved 7024: 7012:. Retrieved 7005:the original 7000: 6987: 6975:. Retrieved 6971:the original 6952: 6925: 6919: 6909: 6897:. Retrieved 6882: 6870:. Retrieved 6855: 6846: 6834:. Retrieved 6814: 6807: 6795:. Retrieved 6784: 6775: 6763:. Retrieved 6748: 6736:. Retrieved 6728:The Guardian 6727: 6717: 6705:. Retrieved 6694: 6684: 6664: 6659: 6647:. Retrieved 6633: 6621:. Retrieved 6602: 6592:23 September 6590:. Retrieved 6576: 6566:23 September 6564:. Retrieved 6555: 6545: 6536: 6524:. Retrieved 6506: 6494:. Retrieved 6490:the original 6479: 6467:. Retrieved 6459:the National 6458: 6449: 6439:23 September 6437:. Retrieved 6428: 6419: 6407:. Retrieved 6398: 6389: 6377:. Retrieved 6368:The Guardian 6366: 6356: 6335: 6327: 6274: 6270: 6260: 6240: 6228:. Retrieved 6210: 6198:. Retrieved 6149: 6145: 6135: 6123:. Retrieved 6114: 6092:13 September 6090:. Retrieved 6086:the original 6075: 6066: 6054:. Retrieved 6046:the Guardian 6045: 6035: 6023:. Retrieved 6015:the Guardian 6014: 6004: 5994:14 September 5992:. Retrieved 5983: 5974: 5962:. Retrieved 5953: 5944: 5932:. Retrieved 5912: 5890:. Retrieved 5886:the original 5881: 5857:. Retrieved 5848: 5839: 5827:. Retrieved 5818: 5809: 5797:. Retrieved 5789:The Guardian 5788: 5778: 5766:. Retrieved 5750:The Guardian 5749: 5739: 5719: 5707:. Retrieved 5698: 5689: 5681:The Guardian 5680: 5670: 5644:. Retrieved 5624: 5617: 5605:. Retrieved 5591: 5578:. Retrieved 5574:the original 5563: 5551:. Retrieved 5537: 5525: 5509: 5503: 5486: 5481: 5473: 5457: 5429: 5424: 5412: 5396: 5391: 5379:. Retrieved 5370: 5357: 5349: 5342:. Retrieved 5333: 5323: 5314: 5301: 5291: 5286: 5274:. Retrieved 5254: 5247: 5235:. Retrieved 5221: 5209:. Retrieved 5195: 5187:the original 5182: 5173: 5161:. Retrieved 5152: 5143: 5134: 5104: 5092:. Retrieved 5081: 5069: 5057:. Retrieved 5048: 5038: 5026:. Retrieved 5007: 4983: 4971:. Retrieved 4961: 4951: 4939:. Retrieved 4930: 4921: 4909:. Retrieved 4905:the original 4880:. Retrieved 4860: 4842: 4833: 4821:. Retrieved 4807: 4795: 4783:. Retrieved 4770: 4761: 4749:. Retrieved 4736: 4708:. Retrieved 4704:the original 4690: 4678:. Retrieved 4664: 4652:. Retrieved 4643: 4625:, Ethnologue 4596:. Retrieved 4582: 4570:. Retrieved 4555: 4531:. Retrieved 4527:the original 4523:The National 4522: 4513: 4501:. Retrieved 4497:the original 4492: 4482: 4461: 4451: 4428: 4276: 4275:abbreviated 4271: 4178: 4165:rugby league 4162: 4118: 4114: 4091: 4079: 4073: 4059:Asaro Mudmen 4004: 4000: 3982: 3976:(run by the 3952:(run by the 3943: 3916: 3896:Bahá'í Faith 3889: 3880: 3876: 3854: 3810: 3690: 3669: 3662: 3622: 3573: 3556:Anti-Chinese 3553: 3473:Bougainville 3360:Port Moresby 3342:Port Moresby 3258: 3255:Urbanisation 3249: 3241:Micronesians 3234: 3219: 3169:Demographics 3152: 3148: 3133: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3111: 3089: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3056: 3047: 3038: 3019: 3014:Ok Tedi Mine 2995: 2982: 2979: 2926: 2910: 2891: 2863: 2839: 2827: 2798: 2774: 2751: 2745: 2707: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2662: 2658:patrol boats 2644: 2632: 2625: 2598: 2552: 2523:Port Moresby 2482:Oro Province 2382: 2355:Rufina Peter 2342:Davis Steven 2338:James Marape 2335: 2332: 2317: 2305: 2290: 2282: 2267:James Marape 2256: 2245:, currently 2224: 2210:James Marape 2208: 2180: 2152: 2110: 2060:rain forests 2015: 2003: 1997: 1972: 1945: 1922: 1897:Biodiversity 1891: 1873:Port Moresby 1862: 1858:Port Moresby 1843: 1824: 1809: 1797:Ring of Fire 1794: 1741: 1718: 1677: 1673: 1658:Ring of Fire 1655: 1617:and include 1563: 1543:Port Moresby 1537:. It has an 1492: 1448:Joseph Kabui 1445: 1429: 1414:Bougainville 1404: 1397: 1378: 1370:Tolai people 1363: 1356: 1349: 1338: 1317:World War II 1314: 1299:World War II 1290: 1278: 1251: 1236: 1232:protectorate 1218: 1189:Umboi Island 1178: 1175:Missionaries 1158: 1125: 1105:sweet potato 1102: 1095: 1083:Svante Pääbo 1064: 1001: 978:Nueva Guinea 977: 975: 967: 964:wrote that: 957: 956: 928: 909: 906: 895: 879:Elizabeth II 871:World War II 844: 836:Port Moresby 799: 795: 794: 783:Internet TLD 759:Calling code 628:• Total 576:• Total 484:• Total 411:James Marape 297:Christianity 252: 183:Port Moresby 135: 124: 41: 16140: / 16028:Netherlands 15815:Switzerland 15730:Philippines 15670:New Zealand 15555:South Korea 15435:El Salvador 15400:Ivory Coast 15240:Afghanistan 15224:Rufus Yerxa 15209:Pascal Lamy 15178:13th (2024) 15173:12th (2022) 15168:11th (2017) 15163:10th (2015) 15110:Conferences 15108:Ministerial 15048:Agriculture 14871:Isle of Man 14786:New Zealand 14609:Saint Lucia 14579:New Zealand 14299:South Korea 14289:Philippines 14179:Secretariat 14064:New Zealand 13637:and the NAM 13479:Lau Islands 13385:South Papua 13345:Aru Islands 13233:South Korea 13218:Philippines 13213:New Zealand 13000:Philippines 12846:Wake Island 12757:New Zealand 12676:territories 12592:South Papua 12492:New Zealand 12101:Saint Lucia 12069:New Zealand 11857:Common Time 11818:Commissions 11788:Initiatives 11547:Philippines 10994:Philippines 10973:New Zealand 10952:South Korea 10677:Pana Tinani 10482:Tsoilaunung 10428:Tabar Group 10354:New Ireland 10349:New Hanover 10344:New Britain 10317:Lihir Group 10201:Pam Islands 9962:Islands of 9876:(gathering) 9811:LGBT rights 9717:Agriculture 9659:enforcement 9558:Earthquakes 9448:Headhunting 9103:15 December 9087:James, Paul 8853:16 December 8761:19 February 8735:23 November 8281:www.acp.int 8180:14 February 7964:15 February 7904:8 September 7556:26 December 7411:10 February 7379:10 February 6977:26 February 6872:12 February 6469:31 December 6277:(1): 5978. 6230:11 November 6200:8 September 5829:26 February 5799:15 February 5768:12 December 5371:NYTimes.com 5363:Carl Zimmer 5237:14 November 5211:14 November 4973:15 December 4957:James, Paul 4882:25 February 4785:23 February 4710:16 December 4654:2 September 4644:sdd.spc.int 4197:rugby union 4106:cassowaries 4102:shell money 4098:bride price 3834:Pentecostal 3822:Protestants 3729:Pentecostal 3699:Catholicism 3539:Immigration 3396:Mount Hagen 3182:Population 3163:Air Niugini 3090:Vision 2050 3063:Redscar Bay 3004:Land tenure 2922:LNG tankers 2879:coconut oil 2476:New Ireland 2231:Charles III 2217:30 May 2019 2154:Charles III 2010:Indomalayan 1791:Earthquakes 1690:land bridge 1684:across the 1607:coral reefs 1586:rainforests 1555:New Britain 1551:New Ireland 1507:New Zealand 1456:James Tanis 1422:Australian 1199:Colonialism 1132:cannibalism 1128:headhunting 1109:staple food 1012:etymologies 887:Charles III 855:World War I 699: 0.568 454:1 July 1949 421:Legislature 381:Charles III 313:5.2% other 309:Catholicism 207: / 195:147°08′58″E 16226:New Guinea 16155:Categories 16018:Luxembourg 15820:Tajikistan 15780:Seychelles 15655:Mozambique 15645:Montenegro 15620:Mauritania 15595:Madagascar 15565:Kyrgyzstan 15545:Kazakhstan 15455:The Gambia 15395:Costa Rica 15355:Cape Verde 15285:Bangladesh 15158:9th (2013) 15153:8th (2011) 15148:7th (2009) 15143:6th (2005) 15138:5th (2003) 15133:4th (2001) 15128:3rd (1999) 15123:2nd (1998) 15118:1st (1996) 15036:Agreements 14881:Montserrat 14624:Seychelles 14564:Mozambique 14434:Bangladesh 14208:World Bank 14156:East Timor 14054:Micronesia 13875:Yugoslavia 13760:Principles 13681:Yugoslavia 13454:New Guinea 13395:West Papua 12985:East Timor 12602:West Papua 12482:Micronesia 12329:Tanganyika 12187:The Gambia 11863:ASEAN Rise 11711:Para Games 11580:East Timor 11510:Membership 10670:Panarairai 10638:Panapompom 10181:Los Negros 10166:Big Ndrova 10072:Trobriands 10047:New Guinea 10022:Dart Reefs 10000:Goodenough 9887:Visual art 9874:Sing-sing 9859:Literature 9729:(currency) 9676:Parliament 9583:New Guinea 9294:Government 8520:31 January 8488:24 January 8385:1853598275 8322:6 December 7800:Peninsula. 7589:13 January 7579:ExxonMobil 7368:9980770023 7304:|url= 6921:The Lancet 6899:17 January 6786:Al-Jazeera 6399:PNG Report 5984:smh.com.au 5553:20 January 5445:. p. 103. 5317:: 395–410. 5276:18 October 5127:Archive-It 5059:5 December 5028:6 December 4775:World Bank 4751:15 October 4533:19 January 4474:References 4313: ... 4201:basketball 4116:festival. 3929:, and the 3919:illiterate 3832:, diverse 3432:Popondetta 3245:World Bank 3057:Traces of 3034:fee simple 2975:Oil Search 2933:Oil Search 2929:ExxonMobil 2906:World Bank 2770:Carol Kidu 2753:The Lancet 2724:See also: 2704:common law 2670:, and one 2663:Balikpapan 2480:Northern ( 2437:East Sepik 2271:unicameral 2261:heads the 2046:Australia. 2018:ecoregions 2005:Nothofagus 1991:coniferous 1983:Antarctica 1979:Cretaceous 1954:, and the 1901:See also: 1846:earthquake 1615:New Guinea 1570:New Guinea 1087:Denisovans 1059:annexation 998:Portuguese 945:, and the 808:New Guinea 508:Population 356:Government 343:Demonym(s) 192:09°28′44″S 21:New Guinea 16137:6°S 147°E 16013:Lithuania 15895:Venezuela 15805:Sri Lanka 15790:Singapore 15755:St. Lucia 15675:Nicaragua 15625:Mauritius 15520:Indonesia 15505:Hong Kong 15475:Guatemala 15275:Australia 15265:Argentina 15007:Criticism 14861:Gibraltar 14736:Australia 14649:Sri Lanka 14634:Singapore 14559:Mauritius 14424:Australia 14412:(members) 14294:Singapore 14264:Indonesia 14149:Observers 14024:Australia 13885:Indonesia 13736:NAM Youth 13691:Structure 13671:Sri Lanka 13442:Geography 13428:Mythology 13418:Languages 13291:Melanesia 13228:Singapore 13188:Indonesia 13163:Australia 13005:Singapore 12990:Indonesia 12686:Australia 12572:Indonesia 12462:Australia 12262:Mauritius 11999:Australia 11975:dominions 11696:SEA Games 11572:Observers 11552:Singapore 11527:Indonesia 11326:APEC blue 11008:Singapore 10938:Indonesia 10930:Hong Kong 10895:Australia 10729:Vanatinai 10594:Pana Wina 10579:Hemenahei 10401:Blup Blup 10238:Baudisson 10032:Goaribari 9995:Fergusson 9864:Melanesia 9806:Languages 9786:Education 9755:Transport 9634:Elections 9593:Volcanoes 9568:Kuk Swamp 9526:Geography 8949:6 October 8063:152680631 7765:28 August 7128:Vice News 7001:ChildFund 6836:5 October 6496:29 August 6301:2041-1723 6190:220980697 6174:0028-0836 6125:12 August 5934:3 October 5758:0261-3077 5656:cite book 5018:0140-0460 5009:The Times 4911:10 August 4572:5 October 4441:Hiri Motu 4433:Tok Pisin 4093:Seashells 4083:yam roots 4074:nggwalndu 4038:bag from 3907:Education 3814:Christian 3654:Hiri Motu 3650:Tok Pisin 3579:Languages 3294:.geonames 3265:geography 3139:Transport 2802:Indonesia 2766:ChildFund 2758:gang rape 2462:Milne Bay 2401:districts 2247:Bob Dadae 2182:Bob Dadae 1999:Araucaria 1994:podocarps 1933:kangaroos 1926:marsupial 1877:landslide 1865:landslide 1721:volcanoes 1706:Himalayas 1678:Meganesia 1574:highlands 1503:Australia 1467:Geography 1383:in July, 1359:Rio Tinto 1247:Australia 1091:interbred 1016:dark skin 988:explorer 953:Etymology 885:in 2022, 828:Indonesia 820:Australia 818:north of 812:Melanesia 749:Drives on 730:Time zone 618:(nominal) 538:7,257,324 435:Australia 396:Bob Dadae 315:Christian 283:Religion 242:Tok Pisin 232:Hiri Motu 78:Hiri Motu 63:Tok Pisin 16053:Slovenia 16048:Slovakia 16038:Portugal 15943:Bulgaria 15915:Zimbabwe 15835:Thailand 15830:Tanzania 15810:Suriname 15720:Paraguay 15705:Pakistan 15640:Mongolia 15610:Maldives 15605:Malaysia 15500:Honduras 15440:Eswatini 15415:Dominica 15410:Djibouti 15380:Colombia 15345:Cameroon 15340:Cambodia 15310:Botswana 15290:Barbados 14915:Source: 14866:Guernsey 14824:Anguilla 14654:Tanzania 14589:Pakistan 14549:Maldives 14544:Malaysia 14529:Kiribati 14474:Dominica 14459:Cameroon 14449:Botswana 14439:Barbados 14333:Meetings 14309:Thailand 14279:Malaysia 14044:Kiribati 13864:Founders 13676:Tanzania 13585:Category 13539:Politics 13238:Thailand 13203:Malaysia 13173:Cambodia 12995:Malaysia 12472:Kiribati 12353:monarchy 12343:monarchy 12333:monarchy 12323:monarchy 12313:monarchy 12303:monarchy 12298:Rhodesia 12291:monarchy 12287:Pakistan 12281:monarchy 12266:monarchy 12256:monarchy 12246:monarchy 12236:monarchy 12226:monarchy 12211:monarchy 12201:monarchy 12191:monarchy 12181:monarchy 12166:monarchy 12162:Barbados 12145:monarchy 12135:monarchy 12125:monarchy 12115:monarchy 12105:monarchy 12095:monarchy 12085:monarchy 12053:monarchy 12043:monarchy 12033:monarchy 12023:monarchy 12013:monarchy 12003:monarchy 11993:monarchy 11922:Startups 11557:Thailand 11537:Malaysia 11522:Cambodia 11416:Politics 11022:Thailand 10959:Malaysia 10702:Basilaki 10633:Panaeati 10589:Motorina 10552:Hastings 10477:Tolokiwa 10465:Malendok 10263:Kerawara 10226:Rambutyo 10106:Woodlark 10077:Kiriwina 10057:Nukumanu 10005:Normanby 9921:Category 9821:Religion 9671:Monarchy 9666:Military 9612:Politics 9598:Wildlife 9320:Archived 9303:Archived 9264:Archived 9245:Archived 9208:Archived 9151:Archived 9127:Archived 9097:Archived 9035:Archived 8969:Archived 8943:Archived 8908:Archived 8878:Archived 8817:Archived 8793:2 August 8755:Archived 8729:Archived 8700:Archived 8617:Archived 8563:Archived 8560:puripuri 8482:Archived 8452:Archived 8423:cite web 8391:18 March 8353:15 March 8347:Archived 8316:Archived 8285:Archived 8256:Archived 8231:Archived 8174:Archived 8150:30 March 8144:Archived 8119:Archived 8102:Archived 8076:15 March 7958:Archived 7934:17 March 7928:Archived 7898:Archived 7854:17 March 7845:Archived 7787:archived 7726:Archived 7704:Archived 7686:Archived 7668:Archived 7615:Archived 7583:Archived 7550:Archived 7503:Archived 7469:Archived 7465:Facebook 7436:Archived 7402:Archived 7373:Archived 7330:Archived 7295:cite web 7257:Archived 7227:Archived 7197:Archived 7164:Archived 7133:Archived 7100:Archived 7096:BBC News 7070:Archived 7066:Loop PNG 7037:Archived 6944:25104346 6893:Archived 6866:Archived 6830:Archived 6791:Archived 6759:Archived 6732:Archived 6701:Archived 6643:Archived 6617:Archived 6586:Archived 6560:Archived 6520:Archived 6463:Archived 6433:Archived 6429:ABC News 6403:Archived 6373:Archived 6319:33293507 6249:Archived 6224:Archived 6194:Archived 6182:32760001 6119:Archived 6050:Archived 6019:Archived 5988:Archived 5964:19 April 5958:Archived 5928:Archived 5892:19 April 5859:23 April 5853:Archived 5849:SBS News 5823:Archived 5819:CBC News 5793:Archived 5762:Archived 5728:Archived 5703:Archived 5699:ABC News 5646:30 April 5640:Archived 5601:Archived 5580:9 August 5547:Archived 5530:Swadling 5466:Archived 5434:Archived 5419:, p. 282 5417:Swadling 5375:Archived 5338:Archived 5270:Archived 5231:Archived 5205:Archived 5157:Archived 5123:Archived 5112:Archived 5094:26 March 5088:Archived 5053:Archived 5022:Archived 4967:Archived 4935:Archived 4873:Archived 4814:Archived 4779:Archived 4745:Archived 4674:Archived 4648:Archived 4619:Archived 4592:Archived 4566:Archived 4564:. 2012. 4503:9 August 4211:See also 4104:, pigs, 3881:puripuri 3678:Religion 3387:110,911 3369:513,918 3324:Province 3190:Million 2970:InterOil 2871:palm oil 2867:Oil palm 2641:Military 2395:and the 2389:province 2351:election 2313:Leo Dion 1975:Gondwana 1737:snowfall 1725:tsunamis 1714:glaciers 1694:ice ages 1243:dominion 1183:came to 1171:plumes. 1117:Moluccas 1008:toponyms 737:+10, +11 715:Currency 360:Unitary 350:• Papuan 16142:-6; 147 16043:Romania 15998:Ireland 15993:Hungary 15983:Germany 15973:Finland 15968:Estonia 15963:Denmark 15948:Croatia 15938:Belgium 15933:Austria 15900:Vietnam 15890:Uruguay 15870:Ukraine 15855:Tunisia 15775:Senegal 15685:Nigeria 15660:Namibia 15650:Morocco 15635:Moldova 15580:Liberia 15575:Lesotho 15530:Jamaica 15510:Iceland 15470:Grenada 15460:Georgia 15425:Ecuador 15335:Burundi 15330:Myanmar 15305:Bolivia 15280:Bahrain 15270:Armenia 15250:Algeria 15245:Albania 15233:Members 14829:Bermuda 14801:Tokelau 14689:Vanuatu 14584:Nigeria 14569:Namibia 14534:Lesotho 14519:Jamaica 14504:Grenada 14429:Bahamas 14399:of the 14397:Members 14254:Germany 14135:Tokelau 14109:Vanuatu 14017:Members 13881:Sukarno 13777:Summits 13635:Members 13406:Culture 13320:Vanuatu 13248:Vietnam 13208:Myanmar 12765:Tokelau 12560:Ecuador 12536:In part 12527:Vanuatu 12421:Oceania 12277:Nigeria 12222:Ireland 12049:Jamaica 12039:Grenada 12009:Bahamas 11982:Current 11737:Economy 11619:Summits 11562:Vietnam 11542:Myanmar 11502:Members 11466:Symbols 11427:Charter 11046:Summits 11036:Vietnam 10887:Nations 10782:Pinipel 10772:Barahun 10717:Samarai 10611:Auriroa 10584:Kuwanak 10569:Bagaman 10433:Simberi 10423:Selapiu 10411:Mut Mut 10406:Kadovar 10300:Ambitle 10258:Kabakon 10243:Bagabag 10052:Nuakata 10010:Sanaroa 9916:Outline 9831:Culture 9769:Society 9750:Tourism 9705:Economy 9629:Cabinet 9563:Geology 9436:History 9203:(1998) 9122:(1993) 9030:(1997) 8988:Sources 8975:27 June 8727:. WHO. 8676:27 June 8649:27 June 8623:27 June 8597:27 June 8413:22 July 8291:16 June 8237:30 June 8019:17 July 7990:17 July 7793:16 June 7732:15 July 7647:27 July 7621:30 June 7306:value ( 7285:1 March 7263:1 March 7233:1 March 7203:13 July 7170:13 July 7139:13 July 7106:13 July 7076:13 July 7046:13 July 6797:30 July 6765:30 July 6738:19 June 6623:2 March 6613:Reuters 6409:13 July 6379:13 July 6310:7723057 6279:Bibcode 6154:Bibcode 6056:19 June 6025:19 June 5709:2 March 5607:2 March 5381:16 July 5344:16 July 5334:History 5163:16 July 4941:19 July 4737:IMF.org 4680:20 July 4315: 4205:cricket 4189:netball 4013:Culture 3885:sorcery 3877:masalai 3869:animist 3769:Baptist 3741:(10.3%) 3731:(10.4%) 3721:(12.9%) 3711:(18.4%) 3626:Vanuatu 3570:African 3544:Chinese 3531:18,503 3513:18,847 3495:26,252 3477:33,623 3459:27,419 3441:28,198 3423:40,231 3405:47,064 3269:economy 3261:Burundi 3237:Chinese 3226:Papuans 3065:on the 2961:Western 2854:Economy 2781:witches 2619:and an 2423:(Simbu) 2416:Central 2385:regions 2263:cabinet 2114:Tenkile 1937:possums 1929:mammals 1888:Climate 1835:Oceania 1748:thalweg 1733:equator 1627:Markham 1613:are in 1590:wetland 1519:Vanuatu 1426:in 1964 1379:At the 1315:During 1239:Britain 1229:British 1221:Germany 1213:Britain 1209:Germany 1142:in the 1136:warfare 1056:British 1022:History 986:Spanish 984:by the 914:by the 804:Oceania 706: ( 460:• 447:• 403:• 388:• 375:Monarch 373:• 227:English 176:Capital 138: " 136:Anthem: 16063:Sweden 16033:Poland 16008:Latvia 15988:Greece 15978:France 15953:Cyprus 15910:Zambia 15865:Uganda 15860:Turkey 15825:Taiwan 15745:Rwanda 15740:Russia 15710:Panama 15695:Norway 15630:Mexico 15600:Malawi 15560:Kuwait 15540:Jordan 15525:Israel 15490:Guyana 15480:Guinea 15350:Canada 15320:Brunei 15315:Brazil 15295:Belize 15255:Angola 15187:People 15000:Issues 14964:System 14876:Jersey 14694:Zambia 14679:Uganda 14674:Tuvalu 14599:Rwanda 14539:Malawi 14509:Guyana 14494:Gambia 14469:Cyprus 14464:Canada 14454:Brunei 14444:Belize 14314:Turkey 14284:Norway 14249:France 14224:Canada 14104:Tuvalu 13925:People 13698:Bureau 13644:Cyprus 13555:Sports 13413:People 13360:Rotuma 13223:Russia 13168:Brunei 12980:Brunei 12724:France 12674:other 12614:Hawaii 12522:Tuvalu 12455:Entire 12349:Uganda 12242:Malawi 12207:Guyana 12172:Ceylon 12155:Former 12131:Tuvalu 12029:Canada 12019:Belize 11878:Lists 11850:Others 11688:Sports 11657:Others 11612:Events 11597:status 11585:status 11517:Brunei 11478:Emblem 11473:Anthem 11362:1. A 11015:Taiwan 11001:Russia 10966:Mexico 10909:Canada 10902:Brunei 10777:Nissan 10722:Sideia 10660:Misima 10574:Gulewa 10522:Wuvulu 10379:Mussau 10374:Emirau 10364:Ritter 10312:Karkar 10305:Babase 10278:Mualim 10268:Makada 10161:Baluan 10126:Nubara 10111:Boagis 10101:Wabuda 10084:Tumleo 10062:Purutu 10015:Wagifa 9980:Brumer 9882:Sports 9844:Cinema 9839:Anthem 9796:Health 9735:Mining 9588:Rivers 9538:Border 9366:Curlie 9283:(1975) 9276:(2012) 9261:online 9229:(1973) 9205:online 9196:(2003) 9189:(1993) 9175: 9163:(2000) 9139:(1998) 9115:(2015) 9082:(1979) 9075:(1966) 9068:(1975) 9061:(2016) 9054:(1998) 9047:(1990) 9032:online 9023:(1970) 8914:23 May 8884:23 May 8543: 8458:22 May 8382: 8206:31 May 8061: 8009:(XSLX) 7890: 7837: 7542:"Data" 7528: 7365: 7302:Check 7014:18 May 6967:UNICEF 6942: 6822: 6707:17 May 6696:Medium 6671: 6649:1 July 6526:18 May 6344: 6317: 6307: 6299: 6188: 6180: 6172: 6146:Nature 5920: 5756: 5632: 5517: 5495: 5449: 5403: 5262: 5016: 4849: 4598:28 May 4126:, the 4121:UNESCO 4087:karuka 4070:Abelam 4040:Goroka 4025:, and 3991:Health 3972:, and 3840:, the 3828:, the 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3781:(0.4%) 3777: 3775: 3771:(2.8%) 3767: 3765: 3761:(3.2%) 3757: 3755: 3747: 3745: 3737: 3735: 3727: 3725: 3717: 3715: 3707: 3705: 3697: 3695: 3671:Wantok 3646:Papuan 3564:nickel 3522:Goroka 3455:Madang 3450:Madang 3414:Kokopo 3383:Morobe 3282: 3279: 3263:. The 3042:seisin 2937:Santos 2785:killed 2762:UNICEF 2742:march. 2665:-class 2561:, and 2534:Jiwaka 2467:Morobe 2452:Madang 2421:Chimbu 2377:, and 2299:. The 2269:. The 2237:. The 2038:Green 1950:, the 1909:, and 1854:Madang 1805:Aitape 1777:Saibai 1643:Turama 1639:Kikori 1635:Purari 1391:. The 1325:Allies 1319:, the 1067:Africa 994:Guinea 982:coined 970:Maluco 941:, the 937:, the 703:medium 690:(2022) 688: 670:(2009) 668: 616: 560: 329:others 307:26.0% 301:64.3% 295:95.5% 274:Papuan 74: 59: 16128:147°E 16058:Spain 16023:Malta 16003:Italy 15905:Yemen 15845:Tonga 15765:Samoa 15735:Qatar 15680:Niger 15665:Nepal 15590:Macau 15550:Kenya 15535:Japan 15515:India 15495:Haiti 15465:Ghana 15450:Gabon 15430:Egypt 15375:China 15370:Chile 15300:Benin 14664:Tonga 14619:Samoa 14574:Nauru 14554:Malta 14524:Kenya 14514:India 14499:Ghana 14489:Gabon 14304:Spain 14274:Japan 14269:Italy 14259:India 14234:China 14229:Chile 14099:Tonga 14089:Samoa 14074:Palau 14059:Nauru 13915:Egypt 13905:Ghana 13895:India 13665:Malta 13660:India 13655:Ghana 13650:Egypt 13423:Music 13380:Papua 13193:Japan 13183:India 13178:China 13054:(EAS) 12587:Papua 12543:Chile 12517:Tonga 12507:Samoa 12497:Palau 12487:Nauru 12252:Malta 12232:Kenya 12217:India 12197:Ghana 11917:Banks 11311:Other 10945:Japan 10923:China 10916:Chile 10794:Takuu 10787:Sirot 10734:Yeina 10599:Utian 10487:Umboi 10455:Boang 10443:Tatau 10438:Tabar 10386:Sakar 10359:Patio 10339:Manne 10334:Manam 10290:Dyaul 10273:Mioko 10216:Purdy 10191:Manus 10131:Nusam 10116:Madau 10067:Seleo 10042:Mailu 10037:Kiwai 9869:Music 9727:Kina 9573:Lakes 8823:1 May 8787:(PDF) 8780:(PDF) 8706:1 May 8514:(PDF) 8507:(PDF) 8070:(PDF) 8059:S2CID 8039:(PDF) 7848:(PDF) 7831:(PDF) 7759:(PDF) 7752:(PDF) 7405:(PDF) 7398:(PDF) 7336:1 May 7040:(PDF) 7033:(PDF) 7008:(PDF) 6997:(PDF) 6186:S2CID 5311:(PDF) 4876:(PDF) 4869:(PDF) 4823:3 May 4817:(PDF) 4804:(PDF) 4349: 4263:Notes 4153:Sport 4138:Media 4110:dowry 4036:Bilum 3960:) in 3937:, in 3861:Sunni 3701:(26%) 3634:Melpa 3504:Kimbe 3486:Mendi 3468:Arawa 3302:.html 3187:Year 2883:copra 2875:cocoa 2814:PNGDF 2613:ASEAN 2500:(Fly) 2457:Manus 2347:PANGU 2229:with 2214:since 2186:since 2158:since 1816:Wewak 1773:Boigu 1769:Dauan 1698:India 1674:Sahul 1647:Wawoi 1619:Sepik 1594:Sepik 1559:Manus 1535:160°E 1075:Sahul 1003:Guiné 1000:word 958:Papua 931:ASEAN 826:with 741:PNGST 708:154th 658:129th 639:110th 606:145th 587:124th 550:201st 477:Area 433:from 327:1.4% 29:Papua 15840:Togo 15725:Peru 15700:Oman 15615:Mali 15570:Laos 15445:Fiji 15405:Cuba 15365:Chad 14717:Niue 14659:Togo 14484:Fiji 14345:51st 14340:45th 14239:Cuba 14130:Guam 14069:Niue 14034:Fiji 13855:19th 13850:18th 13845:16th 13840:10th 13305:Fiji 13198:Laos 13149:18th 13144:17th 13139:16th 13134:15th 13129:14th 13124:13th 13119:12th 13114:11th 13109:10th 12811:Guam 12659:Niue 12467:Fiji 12177:Fiji 12074:Niue 11973:and 11631:2017 11532:Laos 11488:Hymn 11483:Flag 11300:2024 11292:2023 11285:2022 11278:2021 11271:2020 11264:2019 11257:2018 11250:2017 11243:2016 11236:2015 11229:2014 11222:2013 11215:2012 11208:2011 11201:2010 11194:2009 11187:2008 11180:2007 11173:2006 11166:2005 11159:2004 11152:2003 11145:2002 11138:2001 11131:2000 11124:1999 11117:1998 11110:1997 11103:1996 11096:1995 11089:1994 11082:1993 11075:1992 11068:1991 11061:1990 11054:1989 10987:Peru 10757:Buka 10616:Lunn 10547:East 10470:Tefa 10416:Vial 10329:Long 10231:Tong 10171:Bipi 10138:Yule 10094:Unea 10027:Daru 9990:Dobu 9854:Flag 9173:ISBN 9105:2017 8977:2010 8951:2009 8916:2018 8886:2018 8855:2005 8825:2023 8795:2011 8763:2010 8737:2018 8708:2023 8678:2010 8651:2010 8625:2010 8599:2010 8541:ISBN 8522:2015 8490:2018 8460:2019 8429:link 8415:2011 8393:2020 8380:ISBN 8355:2018 8324:2019 8293:2021 8239:2014 8208:2019 8182:2023 8152:2024 8078:2017 8021:2022 7992:2022 7966:2023 7936:2017 7906:2021 7888:ISBN 7856:2017 7835:ISBN 7795:2022 7767:2007 7734:2005 7649:2012 7623:2017 7591:2017 7558:2020 7526:ISBN 7511:2020 7477:2020 7444:2020 7413:2021 7381:2021 7363:ISBN 7338:2023 7308:help 7287:2023 7265:2023 7235:2023 7205:2021 7172:2021 7141:2021 7108:2021 7078:2021 7048:2021 7016:2015 6979:2014 6940:PMID 6901:2014 6874:2013 6838:2021 6820:ISBN 6799:2019 6767:2019 6740:2018 6709:2018 6669:ISBN 6651:2022 6625:2019 6594:2019 6568:2019 6528:2012 6498:2009 6471:2022 6441:2022 6411:2021 6381:2021 6342:ISBN 6315:PMID 6297:ISSN 6232:2014 6202:2021 6178:PMID 6170:ISSN 6127:2020 6094:2022 6058:2018 6027:2018 5996:2022 5966:2017 5936:2020 5918:ISBN 5894:2017 5861:2018 5831:2018 5801:2023 5770:2019 5754:ISSN 5711:2024 5662:link 5648:2024 5630:ISBN 5609:2024 5582:2012 5555:2024 5515:ISBN 5493:ISBN 5447:ISBN 5401:ISBN 5383:2022 5346:2022 5278:2015 5260:ISBN 5239:2018 5213:2018 5165:2005 5096:2009 5061:2022 5030:2022 5014:ISSN 4975:2017 4943:2020 4913:2019 4884:2022 4847:ISBN 4825:2024 4787:2019 4753:2023 4712:2019 4682:2023 4656:2016 4600:2015 4574:2012 4535:2005 4505:2007 4361:also 4146:and 4085:and 4005:The 3983:The 3638:Huli 3636:and 3630:Enga 3594:Huli 3329:Pop. 3319:Name 3314:Rank 3296:.org 3267:and 3214:9.9 3211:2021 3206:5.6 3203:2000 3198:1.7 3195:1950 3059:gold 3012:The 2996:The 2959:and 2953:Hela 2947:and 2898:kina 2877:and 2840:The 2810:M16s 2783:are 2728:and 2645:The 2617:APEC 2529:Hela 2447:Gulf 2442:Enga 2257:The 2202:The 2174:The 2044:arid 1996:and 1935:and 1852:and 1837:and 1829:hit 1775:and 1649:and 1631:Musa 1623:Ramu 1596:and 1533:and 1531:140° 1527:12°S 1525:and 1517:and 1291:The 1211:and 1163:and 1130:and 1121:taro 891:King 764:+675 753:left 719:Kina 674:41.9 666:Gini 526:82nd 490:54th 333:none 101:Flag 31:and 16125:6°S 14177:ACP 13835:9th 13830:8th 13825:7th 13820:6th 13815:5th 13810:4th 13805:3rd 13800:2nd 13795:1st 13104:9th 13099:8th 13094:7th 13089:6th 13084:5th 13079:4th 13074:3rd 13069:2nd 13064:1st 12672:and 12419:of 10712:Kui 10517:Sae 10497:Aua 10460:Lif 10396:Bam 10283:Ulu 10196:Pak 10186:Lou 9975:Ali 9654:Law 9389:at 9364:at 9354:at 8051:doi 7280:ABC 7253:ABC 7223:ABC 6930:doi 6926:323 6540:LNG 6305:PMC 6287:doi 6162:doi 6150:584 6082:CNA 5472:." 4277:PNG 3968:in 3956:'s 3935:Lae 3887:). 3660:). 3378:Lae 3352:Lae 3298:/PG 3292:www 3161:is 2684:Law 2621:ACP 2233:as 1850:Lae 1676:or 1651:Fly 1598:Fly 1547:Lae 1372:in 1245:of 869:of 788:.pg 735:UTC 723:PGK 686:HDI 614:GDP 564:PPP 558:GDP 16157:: 9344:. 9338:. 8941:. 8935:. 8906:. 8902:. 8876:. 8872:. 8841:. 8815:. 8811:. 8753:. 8716:^ 8698:. 8694:. 8585:. 8574:^ 8480:. 8476:. 8446:. 8425:}} 8421:{{ 8345:. 8341:. 8314:. 8310:. 8283:. 8279:. 8262:, 8229:. 8225:. 8172:. 8168:. 8138:. 8100:. 8094:. 8057:. 8045:. 8041:. 7982:. 7952:. 7922:. 7896:. 7864:^ 7843:. 7809:^ 7797:, 7607:. 7581:. 7577:. 7566:^ 7548:. 7544:. 7501:. 7497:. 7485:^ 7467:. 7463:. 7452:^ 7434:. 7430:. 7371:. 7328:. 7324:. 7299:: 7297:}} 7293:{{ 7278:. 7255:. 7251:. 7225:. 7221:. 7189:. 7162:. 7158:. 7131:. 7125:. 7094:. 7064:. 6999:. 6965:: 6961:. 6938:. 6924:. 6918:. 6828:. 6783:. 6730:. 6726:. 6699:. 6693:. 6615:. 6611:. 6558:. 6554:. 6514:. 6457:. 6427:. 6397:. 6371:. 6365:. 6313:. 6303:. 6295:. 6285:. 6275:11 6273:. 6269:. 6222:. 6192:. 6184:. 6176:. 6168:. 6160:. 6148:. 6144:. 6117:. 6113:. 6102:^ 6080:. 6074:. 6048:. 6044:. 6017:. 6013:. 5982:. 5952:. 5926:. 5902:^ 5880:. 5869:^ 5847:. 5821:. 5817:. 5791:. 5787:. 5760:. 5752:. 5748:. 5697:. 5679:. 5658:}} 5654:{{ 5638:. 5599:. 5441:. 5373:. 5369:. 5348:. 5336:. 5332:. 5313:. 5268:. 5229:. 5181:. 5155:. 5151:. 5118:, 5086:. 5080:. 5051:. 5047:. 5020:. 5012:. 5006:. 4994:^ 4933:. 4929:. 4892:^ 4871:. 4806:. 4777:. 4773:. 4769:. 4739:. 4735:. 4720:^ 4698:. 4672:. 4646:. 4642:. 4630:^ 4608:^ 4554:. 4543:^ 4521:. 4491:. 4443:: 4439:; 4435:: 4420:-/ 4402:ɑː 4393:-, 4381:ɑː 4368:: 4366:US 4359:, 4346:-/ 4343:ɑː 4279:; 4207:. 4199:, 4195:, 4191:, 4112:. 4021:, 3964:, 3941:. 3652:, 3518:10 3086:. 3069:. 2977:. 2955:, 2935:, 2889:. 2832:. 2792:. 2603:, 2373:, 2369:, 2020:: 1965:A 1943:. 1905:, 1860:. 1818:, 1787:. 1771:, 1716:. 1653:. 1645:, 1641:, 1637:, 1633:, 1629:, 1625:, 1621:, 1557:, 1553:, 1523:0° 1509:, 1505:, 1276:. 1234:. 1111:. 949:. 893:. 776:PG 331:/ 15200:) 15196:( 14949:e 14942:t 14935:v 14389:e 14382:t 14375:v 14002:e 13995:t 13988:v 13917:) 13913:( 13907:) 13903:( 13897:) 13893:( 13887:) 13883:( 13877:) 13873:( 13747:) 13743:( 13683:‡ 13667:‡ 13646:‡ 13619:e 13612:t 13605:v 13283:e 13276:t 13269:v 13044:e 13037:t 13030:v 12960:e 12953:t 12946:v 12409:e 12402:t 12395:v 12355:) 12351:( 12345:) 12341:( 12335:) 12331:( 12325:) 12321:( 12315:) 12311:( 12305:) 12301:( 12293:) 12289:( 12283:) 12279:( 12268:) 12264:( 12258:) 12254:( 12248:) 12244:( 12238:) 12234:( 12228:) 12224:( 12213:) 12209:( 12203:) 12199:( 12193:) 12189:( 12183:) 12179:( 12168:) 12164:( 12147:) 12143:( 12137:) 12133:( 12127:) 12123:( 12117:) 12113:( 12107:) 12103:( 12097:) 12093:( 12087:) 12083:( 12055:) 12051:( 12045:) 12041:( 12035:) 12031:( 12025:) 12021:( 12015:) 12011:( 12005:) 12001:( 11995:) 11991:( 11963:e 11956:t 11949:v 11865:' 11861:' 11401:e 11394:t 11387:v 10932:¹ 10872:e 10865:t 10858:v 9955:e 9948:t 9941:v 9419:e 9412:t 9405:v 9348:. 9181:. 9107:. 8979:. 8953:. 8918:. 8888:. 8857:. 8827:. 8797:. 8765:. 8739:. 8710:. 8680:. 8653:. 8627:. 8601:. 8549:. 8524:. 8492:. 8462:. 8431:) 8417:. 8395:. 8357:. 8326:. 8295:. 8251:" 8241:. 8210:. 8184:. 8154:. 8114:" 8080:. 8053:: 8047:8 8023:. 7994:. 7968:. 7938:. 7908:. 7858:. 7769:. 7736:. 7651:. 7625:. 7593:. 7560:. 7513:. 7479:. 7446:. 7415:. 7383:. 7340:. 7310:) 7289:. 7267:. 7237:. 7207:. 7184:" 7174:. 7143:. 7110:. 7080:. 7050:. 7018:. 6981:. 6946:. 6932:: 6903:. 6876:. 6840:. 6801:. 6769:. 6742:. 6711:. 6679:. 6677:. 6653:. 6627:. 6596:. 6570:. 6530:. 6500:. 6473:. 6443:. 6413:. 6383:. 6350:. 6321:. 6289:: 6281:: 6244:" 6234:. 6204:. 6164:: 6156:: 6129:. 6096:. 6060:. 6029:. 5998:. 5968:. 5938:. 5896:. 5863:. 5833:. 5803:. 5772:. 5723:" 5713:. 5683:. 5664:) 5650:. 5611:. 5584:. 5557:. 5461:" 5407:. 5385:. 5280:. 5241:. 5167:. 5098:. 5063:. 5032:. 4977:. 4945:. 4915:. 4886:. 4827:. 4789:. 4755:. 4714:. 4684:. 4658:. 4602:. 4576:. 4537:. 4507:. 4417:ə 4414:) 4411:j 4408:( 4405:p 4399:p 4396:ˈ 4390:ə 4387:w 4384:p 4378:p 4375:ˈ 4372:/ 4340:p 4337:ˈ 4334:, 4331:i 4328:n 4325:ɪ 4322:ɡ 4319:ˈ 4310:ə 4307:u 4304:) 4301:j 4298:( 4295:p 4292:æ 4289:p 4286:ˈ 4283:/ 4076:) 3883:( 3500:9 3482:8 3464:7 3446:6 3428:5 3410:4 3392:3 3374:2 3356:1 2881:/ 2525:) 2521:( 2484:) 2206:: 2178:: 2150:: 1767:( 743:) 739:( 725:) 721:( 710:) 660:) 641:) 608:) 589:) 566:) 562:( 552:) 528:) 502:2 492:) 142:" 130:' 80:) 76:( 65:) 61:( 39:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.