1174:
1058:
believed you when you said that judges should be appointed, not elected. We believed you when you said that the
Westminster system ensures that the government is accountable to the people. We believed you when you taught us that integral to the Westminster system is a head of state who is above politics. We believed you when you said that, as with the judiciary, Government House must also be a political-free zone. We believed you when you said that it is not important that the Crown has greater powers and that what was important was that the Crown denies those powers to the politicians ...
5625:
1237:
318:
60:
1286:
1188:
1097:, claimed that Australians would doff their hat to no man and call no biped master. Now the best the conservative wing of the republican leadership can offer the people is an appointed president—a president palatable to the major parties. Their justification is pure scaremongering ... What are they frightened of? Do they fear a creative tension in the political system, or is it more that they fear giving up their power or their loss of influence?
473:
932:
920:
573:(ARM) attended the convention. ARM was established in July 1991 and comprised distinguished Australian intellectuals, politicians and former politicians, business people, students and other citizens who supported an Australian republic. A number of Australian Labor Party supporters and members were attracted to the organisation, though its leader from 1993 to 2000 was future Liberal Prime Minister
1222:
1270:
1112:
United States. We think the French arrangement, where executive power is shared in a very confused fashion between the
President and the Prime Minister, is the worst of all options. So I would say that we either go to Dublin for a directly elected president or we go to Washington; the Paris option, for the reasons advanced by Mr (Bob) Carr, is not on.
708:, Australia's first Aboriginal parliamentarian, who ended his contribution to the Convention with a Jagera Tribal Sorry Chant in sadness at the deception practised by republicans. The Republican Model, as well as a proposal for a new Constitutional Preamble which would have included the "honouring" of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders.
911:, and originally submitted to the Republic Advisory Committee in 1993, was the second most popular model of the four voted upon. Republican delegates Clem Jones, Ted Mack, Pat O'Shane, Paul Tully and Paddy O'Brien held out for greater change to the Constitution than the more minimalist model ultimately proposed.
1127:
All conservatives here should realise that they will never get a better result out of a convention than they have done here. It will certainly be no less difficult for a tyrant to abuse the office of Prime
Minister or president. That is fundamental; we all agree. The preamble has been voided of legal
1014:
It is commonly said that all this argument is about is whether we want an
Australian as our head of state. If that were all we wanted, one of the options to fix it would be an Australian monarchy but, in truth, the problem is more the concept of monarchy itself. The temper of the times is democratic;
960:
It will ultimately be for the
Australian people to resolve this theoretical conflict between our history and present day constitutional reality – to decide whether removing the symbolism which many see as inappropriate in our present arrangements – counts more than the stability and inherent strength
947:
In his address to the opening session of the
Convention, Liberal Prime Minister John Howard outlined his support for retaining the status quo on the basis that it has provided a long period of stability and said he believed that the "separation of the ceremonial and executive functions of government"
877:
The
Convention recommended that state parliaments also examine the issue of the republic, as each state has separate and individual constitutional links to the monarchy. Certain recommendations were made for a new Constitutional preamble which included introductory language along the lines of "we the
869:
which must gain a two-thirds majority in order to be endorsed. The president could be removed at any time by a notice in writing signed by the Prime
Minister, however if the House of Representatives failed to ratify this dismissal, the president would be eligible for re-appointment. The powers of the
640:
joined the organisation and membership grew to more than 30,000 registered supporters nationwide. Justice Kirby argued that a constitutional monarchy is "a system of government for those committed to effective checks on rulers and to liberal democracy". Kirby resigned from the organisation upon being
1072:
Kerry Jones, leader of
Australians for Constitutional Monarchy defended the Australian Constitution, saying "no republic model will ever offer the protection and safeguards that work so well in our current Constitution". She said her task was to "assess each republican model against the Constitution
998:
Our nation is a republic in all but name. We argue that we as a nation should recognise the reality of our small "r" republican arrangements by making the necessary adjustments to place the capping stone on that structure – a Head of State who is unambiguously
Australian – a Head of State who is one
1111:
Mr Clem Jones has proposed a directly elected model that would give the president additional powers. We believe that is not a good option. We feel that a directly elected president should either have no powers—for example, as in Ireland—or be the chief executive of the nation, as in the case of the
1037:
as distinct from the Australia of my ancestors, has a constitutional monarchy is a direct unambiguous consequence of our origins as a colony of Britain—a penal colony at that. As such, it was underwritten with the values of power, privilege, elitism, oppression and dispossession. It was blatantly
993:
Opposition Leader Kim Beazley of the Australian Labor Party advocated "minimalist" change. He described transition to a republic as "unfinished business" for Australia and said that foreigners "find it strange and anachronistic, as many Australians now clearly do, that our Head of State is not an
383:
Sitting members of the Liberal-National Party Coalition were permitted a free vote on the republican issue, while the Australian Labor Party (ALP) adopted the republican position as a matter of party policy. Senior Liberals split on the issue, with the Prime Minister, John Howard, supporting the
864:
The final communiqué recommended that Parliament establish a committee responsible for considering the nominations for the position of president and consult widely in the community and compile a shortlist for the Prime Minister. Taking into account the recommendations of the committee, the Prime
1061:
I cannot see the need for change. I cannot see how it will help my people. I cannot see how it will resolve the question of land and access to land that troubles us. I cannot see how it will ensure that indigenous people have access to the same opportunities that other Australians enjoy. Fellow
1057:
We have come to accept your laws. We have come to accept your Constitution. We have come to accept the present system. We believed you when you said that a democracy must have checks and balances. We believed you when you said that not all positions in society should be put out for election. We
1009:
Liberal Treasurer Peter Costello advocated for a republic. He rejected any suggestion that Australia was not already an independent nation and said that, while the Australian Constitution works "remarkably well", it was the institution of monarchy that was the crux of his argument for change:
964:
I oppose Australia becoming a republic because I do not believe that the alternatives so far canvassed will deliver a better system of government than the one we currently have. I go further – some will deliver a worse outcome and gravely weaken our system of government. I believe that modern
1077:
I had become a constitutional monarchist—not out of my love of English blood, for my blood is actually Irish; not out of birth in the Protestant establishment, for I am actually a Catholic; not out of enthusiasm for all things royal, for I have little interest in such trivia. I had become a
1207:
956:
In my view, the only argument of substance in favour of an Australian republic is that the symbolism of Australia sharing its legal head of state with a number of other nations is no longer appropriate. As a matter of law, Elizabeth II is Queen of Australia. As a matter of indisputable
1310:
1252:
1122:
The Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, George Pell, supported change, but noted "Without support from most of the front benches of both sides of the parliament, it would be wasteful to go to a referendum." Towards the end of proceedings, he called on conservatives to support change:
1325:
A total of 152 delegates, from each state and territory and a wide diversity of backgrounds, gathered at Old Parliament House in Canberra. Seventy-six of the delegates were elected by a voluntary postal ballot. The other seventy-six were appointed by the federal government.
1048:
Indigenous delegates were divided, however. Former Senator Neville Bonner made an impassioned defence of the constitutional monarchy, describing efforts to change it as "senseless division" and a distraction from the real problems facing Australia:
1154:
held on 6 November 1999 failed to achieve the support of either a majority of voters or a majority of states. The national vote of the electors in favour of Australia becoming a republic was 45.13%, with 54.87% against. Australia remains a
848:
Three categories of model for a possible Australian republic were before the convention. They were: direct election, parliamentary election by a special majority, and appointment by a special council following prime ministerial
839:
Whether or not Australia should become a republic; which republic model should be put to the voters to consider against the current system of government; in what time frame and under what circumstances might any change be
5526:
2845:
5576:
5561:
5521:
5496:
1053:
You came to my country. You invaded my land. You took our Earth (our everything). .... And then slowly you began to change ... You began to accept that my people had rights; that they were entitled to respect ...
1038:
exclusionary. It is no wonder then that the Australian Constitution, designed to institute a constitutional monarchy as the system of government in this country, is such an inadequate and uncertain instrument as it is.
5516:
5486:
2457:
5511:
5501:
5491:
5471:
1149:
Two proposals to amend the Australian Constitution were submitted to the Australian electorate in November 1999. If approved, the referendum would have established a republican system of government in Australia.
5476:
2894:
1088:
Delegates examined various models for a republic. Independent republican delegate Phil Cleary argued the case for direct-election of a president and questioned the motivations of "conservative" republicans:
5418:
5393:
5363:
5358:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5328:
5323:
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979:, Tim Fischer, of the National Party said that the Australian Constitution had delivered one of the "oldest continuous federated democracies in the world" and that changing it would be a complex operation:
5268:
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5253:
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5238:
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43:
5997:
333:– half elected by voluntary postal vote and half appointed by the federal government. Of the appointees, 40 were representatives of the commonwealth, state and territory parliaments. Various pro-
857:" for an Australian republic was endorsed by a majority of delegates who voted for or against the motion (monarchists and some radical-change republicans abstained from the vote). According to
853:"In principle" agreement was reached by a majority of delegates for an Australian Republic (though a minority bloc of Monarchists dissented). Following a series of votes, a proposal for a "
2041:
2015:
1984:
948:
and the presence of a neutral "defender of constitutional integrity" was an advantage in government and that no republican model would be as effective in providing such an outcome as the
1062:
Australians, what is most hurtful is that after all we have learned together, after subjugating us and then freeing us, once again you are telling us that you know better. How dare you?
1107:
Malcolm Turnbull, leader of the Australian Republican Movement, cautioned against mixing the roles of President and Prime Minister in a direct election system, telling the Convention:
1128:
significance, the reserve powers are retained and, with partial codification, this will in practice make them stronger because they will become less unpredictable and less offensive.
1078:
constitutional monarchist because I was persuaded, as was Michael Kirby, that the system of government bequeathed to us by our founders is superior to any republican models proposed.
649:
as its first full-time executive director, although his membership also ceased following pre-selection as a Liberal candidate for election to the Federal Parliament in March 1996.
983:
The case for changing our mighty Constitution which has helped modernise Australia remains distant, divided and ill-defined. I say: stay with a system that works and works well.
281:
has existed since colonial times, though for much of the 20th century, the monarchy remained popular. In the early 1990s, republicanism became a significant political issue.
2771:
835:
which would remove the monarchy from a role in Australian government and law. According to the final communiqué issued by the Convention, three questions were considered:
599:
was established in 1992, after Prime Minister Keating announced his republican agenda. The organisation was called together to counter the republican movement by Justice
5591:
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4165:
4101:
4066:
490:
4502:
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1905:
427:
The states all sent three representatives including their premiers and opposition leaders, while the territories were represented by their chief ministers. Premiers
341:
delegates were elected and various parliamentary and non-parliamentary delegates were appointed including state and territory leaders. The convention was chaired by
17:
6088:
4707:
2360:
3901:
4671:
2333:
5571:
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653:
was then appointed executive director of ACM in his place. She and Lloyd Waddy led ACM through the 1998 Constitutional Convention and the 1999 referendum.
5566:
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896:
that the model, and other related changes to the Constitution, supported by the convention, be put to the people in a constitutional referendum in 1999.
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537:
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509:
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4387:
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2180:
1854:
1029:
woman expressed a desire for change based on what she perceived as historical injustice and present inadequacies within the Australian Constitution:
994:
Australian". The ALP proposed appointment of a president by two-thirds majority of parliament. In his opening address, Beazley told the Convention:
5546:
2734:
2527:
2426:
2293:
965:
government is most workable where the essentially ceremonial functions of government are separated from the day to day executive responsibilities.
5506:
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6113:
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4798:
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4415:
4256:
3480:
2669:
1703:
1428:
4005:"First Words: A Brief History of Public Debate on a New Preamble to the Australian Constitution 1991–99 (Research Paper 16 1999–2000)"
3954:
505:
3928:
2876:
2705:
1707:
882:; as well as affirmations of the law, cultural diversity, unique land and environment and democratic political system of Australia.
4661:
4630:
4620:
4610:
4605:
3777:
2207:
854:
822:
1015:
we are uncomfortable with an office that appoints people by hereditary. In our society in our time we prefer appointment by merit.
5972:
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5913:
4360:
3015:
1379:
1374:
1290:
1263:
1196:
782:
626:
596:
844:
Delegates advocated a range of positions from no-change to minimal change to radical change. According to the final communique:
6078:
5987:
4569:
2337:
1535:
690:
4523:
6052:
4697:
4692:
4471:
4380:
4300:
4176:
4112:
4077:
3298:
175:
75:
6123:
5643:
4712:
3554:
301:, though less supportive of the republic plan, promised to convene a Constitutional Convention to discuss the issue. Under
1217:(republican) attended as an appointed delegate along with all the State and Territory leaders and State opposition leaders
6093:
6083:
6047:
4687:
4425:
3652:
3186:
2947:
2831:
2812:
2794:
2757:
2646:
1446:
1151:
1144:
393:
358:
330:
229:
154:
5606:
4564:
2697:
976:
927:
supported the constitutional monarchy. The Liberal-National Coalition permitted their members a free vote on the issue.
530:
6103:
4549:
3991:
3801:
3023:
2701:
2665:
2570:
2001:
1970:
1777:
1671:
556:
362:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5796:
5786:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
4373:
4355:
3897:
3868:
3163:
3041:
2928:
2880:
2775:
2738:
2307:
1582:
1563:
306:
38:
388:, supporting a republic. Other representatives of the government at the convention included the Attorney General,
6108:
5801:
5791:
5781:
5751:
2614:
6098:
4265:
1359:
1318:
1278:
1181:
570:
494:
322:
179:
108:
5599:
4539:
4466:
1199:—though he retired from the organisation prior to the Convention following his appointment as a judge of the
871:
274:
762:, a prominent Baptist minister was elected as a representative for Victoria from the "Real Republic Group".
3831:
3621:
2434:
1588:
751:
743:
732:
720:
682:
678:
865:
Minister would then present a single nominee, seconded by the Opposition Leader to a joint sitting of the
4656:
3159:
2154:
786:
389:
354:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6002:
5992:
5982:
5977:
5962:
5957:
5952:
4717:
3791:
3669:
3469:
3266:
3248:
1890:
1226:
686:
334:
294:
191:
217:(the Bipartisan Appointment Model) be adopted (73 delegates in favour, 57 against with 22 abstentions)
6118:
4651:
4396:
3695:
3488:
3463:
3445:
3358:
3350:
3335:
3302:
3283:
3252:
3235:
3217:
3171:
3144:
3122:
886:
832:
409:
366:
349:
64:
4350:
224:
to adopt these changes be put to the people (133 delegates in favour, 17 against with 2 abstentions)
5939:
5634:
4595:
4579:
3059:
2028:
712:
278:
252:
4559:
4487:
4410:
4296:
4172:
4108:
4073:
3806:
2400:
1200:
1156:
893:
642:
483:
290:
270:
266:
244:
214:
133:
2095:
1173:
957:
constitutional convention, the Governor-General has become Australia's effective head of state.
878:
Australian people", and referencing "Almighty God", custodianship and occupancy of Australia by
586:
5630:
4722:
4544:
4518:
4008:
3726:
3503:
2584:
940:
879:
774:
282:
4461:
3811:
3575:
3428:
1389:
1241:
1192:
1026:
949:
866:
674:
600:
421:
338:
248:
221:
206:
4041:
4446:
3958:
3796:
1656:
1259:
1245:
904:
658:
630:
614:
417:
8:
4233:
4204:
4140:
3716:
3529:
2975:
1211:
669:
Smaller republican groupings included "A Just Republic", the "Real Republic" group, the
4666:
3507:
3484:
3354:
3167:
3063:
2920:
2661:
2465:
1997:
1858:
1800:
1517:
1450:
1298:
755:
605:
256:
3898:"Law and Justice Foundation – The Australian Republican Referendum 1999 – Ten Lessons"
1236:
861:, the vote for the Bi-Partisan model was: "for" 73, "against" 57 with 22 abstentions.
4748:
4492:
4430:
3987:
3932:
3864:
2103:
1734:
1297:(republican), was an appointed delegate. Other leading clergy in attendance included
260:
187:
693:. A number of individuals were elected under other grouping names, including lawyer
677:
group. Other monarchist groups included the "Constitutional Monarchists" group, the
3984:
Two Weeks in Lilliput: Bear Baiting and Backbiting At the Constitutional Convention
3077:
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778:
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574:
317:
298:
4269:
3740:
3600:
2228:
1939:
1364:
697:("A Multi-Cultural Voice") and Misha Schubert ("Republic4U – The Youth Ticket").
232:. The proposal was not adopted, with 55% of electors voting No and 45% voting Yes
3200:
3140:
2709:
2597:
2167:
1966:
1827:
1721:
1559:
900:
826:
810:
705:
701:
610:
397:
385:
342:
700:
Six Indigenous delegates participated in the Convention, including magistrate
6072:
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3615:
3585:
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2827:
2753:
2444:
2253:
2193:
2128:
1792:
1648:
1504:
1465:
1314:
1274:
790:
770:
622:
618:
582:
440:
413:
210:
34:
4365:
289:
indicated a desire to instigate a republic in time for the Centenary of the
194:
and if so, under which constitutional model. The Convention concluded that:
59:
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1302:
1214:
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578:
452:
436:
432:
345:
286:
213:
is a president endorsed by two-thirds of members at a joint sitting of the
148:
719:
represented the group named "Constitutional Monarchists", while prominent
3771:
3710:
3646:
3539:
3401:
3331:
3317:
3279:
3213:
3118:
2962:
2642:
2114:
1872:
1773:
1611:
1578:
1415:
1294:
1285:
1034:
936:
924:
794:
785:. Former Vice Regal office holders were also appointed, including former
747:
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728:
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590:
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401:
302:
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1953:
1925:
1914:
1841:
1760:
1187:
798:
716:
670:
497: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
444:
3861:
Report of the Constitutional Convention: Old Parliament House Canberra
727:
represented the monarchist "Safeguard the People" group and Brigadier
228:
A referendum to adopt the republican model endorsed by the Convention
5624:
3680:
1667:
1255:
654:
577:. Prominent delegates at the Convention included media personalities
273:
adopted in 1901, with the duties of the head of state performed by a
472:
3459:
3387:
2350:
1229:
931:
428:
199:
183:
112:
3846:
1206:
1093:
About the time of the last convention one of our greatest poets,
858:
603:
and like minded constitutional monarchists including Lloyd Waddy
404:, and other Members of Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition,
4356:
The Australian Broadcasting Commission's 1998 Convention website
1309:
1251:
742:
Clergy from the major churches were appointed as delegates: the
1269:
2418:
ungrouped – Voice of Ordinary, Fair-Minded, Thinking Citizens
1033:
That modern Australia, the Australia that has developed since
919:
3955:"Parliament of Australia: House of Representatives – Members"
3874:
625:(the first Chinese-born member of an Australian Parliament),
4416:
Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia: The Legislature
1221:
4452:
Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia: The Executive
773:; legal and constitutional experts such as law professor
645:
and did not participate in the Convention. ACM recruited
3322:
Leader of the National Party of Australia in the Senate
704:, who was vocal in support of a republic and monarchist
202:(89 delegates in favour, 52 against with 11 abstentions)
129:
49 appointed by federal, state and territory parliaments
4232:. webarchive.nla.gov.au. 23 August 2006. Archived from
4203:. webarchive.nla.gov.au. 23 August 2006. Archived from
4139:. webarchive.nla.gov.au. 23 August 2006. Archived from
4040:. webarchive.nla.gov.au. 23 August 2006. Archived from
3931:. webarchive.nla.gov.au. 23 August 2006. Archived from
3514:
Attorney-General and Minister for Industrial Relations
765:
Other appointees included academics, such as historian
329:
The convention comprised 152 delegates from all of the
3929:"National Library of Australia Australian Web Archive"
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3832:"Con Con 1998 and the Future of Constitutional Reform"
4672:
Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990
4264:(Speech). Australian Constitutional Convention 1998.
892:
The Convention recommended to the Prime Minister and
870:
president were to be those of the existing office of
4493:
Chapter III of the constitution of Australia: Courts
3978:
3976:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3863:(Report). Vol. 1: Report of Proceedings. 1998.
1083:
Kerry Jones, Australians for Constitutional Monarchy
831:
The Convention debated the need for a change to the
4708:
2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis
4325:"Lessons From the Republic Referendum in Australia"
3881:
2087:Clem Jones Queensland Constitutional Republic Team
1989:Clem Jones Queensland Constitutional Republic Team
1930:Clem Jones Queensland Constitutional Republic Team
885:The new Australian republic was to retain the name
3761:Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory
1169:1997 Australian Constitutional Convention election
673:"Queensland Constitutional Republic Team" and the
370:of the Australian Labor Party as deputy chairman.
3973:
3916:
186:from 2 to 13 February 1998. It was called by the
6070:
4254:
4102:"Constitutional Convention Hansard, 12 February"
4067:"Constitutional Convention Hansard, 13 February"
1877:ungrouped – Phil Cleary – Independent Australia
1117:Malcolm Turnbull, Australian Republican Movement
661:, was one of ACM's delegates at the Convention.
636:Later, former Labor leader and Governor General
451:(Tasmania) attended, along with chief ministers
4290:"Constitutional Convention Hansard, 3 February"
4166:"Constitutional Convention Hansard, 4 February"
309:and set the Convention date for February 1998.
209:, a republican form of government in which the
207:current monarchical constitutional arrangements
6089:Constitutional conventions (political meeting)
2486:
943:adopted the republic as official party policy.
5607:
4395:
4381:
4224:
4222:
3957:. Aph.gov.au. 24 October 1954. Archived from
914:
855:Bipartisan Appointment of the President Model
4061:
4059:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
3560:Deputy Premier and Minister for Agriculture
1550:ungrouped – I Care About Australia's Future
1536:Christian Democratic Party (Fred Nile Group)
1329:
4498:Section 75 of the Constitution of Australia
4457:Section 61 of the Constitution of Australia
4421:Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia
4268:: Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from
3308:Minister for Primary Industries and Energy
1640:Greens, Bill of Rights, Indigenous Peoples
506:"1998 Australian Constitutional Convention"
277:selected by the Australian Prime Minister.
5614:
5600:
5497:(xviii) Copyrights, patents and trademarks
4565:Implied freedom of political communication
4388:
4374:
4219:
3606:Attorney-General and Minister for Justice
797:. Senior business appointees included Sir
685:with elected representatives included the
192:whether Australia should become a republic
4056:
4023:
3829:
816:
681:and "Safeguard the People". Other minor
557:Learn how and when to remove this message
198:Australia should, in principle, become a
168:1998 Australian Constitutional Convention
53:1998 Australian Constitutional Convention
18:Australian Constitutional Convention 1998
4662:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942
4258:Address to the Constitutional Convention
3778:Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
2198:ungrouped – An Open Mind for the Future
1308:
1284:
1268:
1250:
1235:
1220:
1205:
1186:
1172:
930:
918:
823:Bi-partisan appointment republican model
739:were prominent independent republicans.
400:, as well as the Deputy Prime Minister,
396:, and the Minister for Social Security,
316:
3378:Leader of the Opposition in the Senate
2980:Western Australia / Northern Territory
1264:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy
1197:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy
597:Australians for Constitutional Monarchy
14:
6071:
5462:(v) Post and telegraph (communication)
373:
27:Constitutional convention in Australia
5595:
4723:Separatist movements within Australia
4570:Implied immunity of instrumentalities
4369:
4351:Official transcript of the Convention
4284:
4282:
4160:
4158:
691:Christian Democrats (Fred Nile Group)
4774:VIII: Alteration of the Constitution
4713:List of proposed states of Australia
3839:University of Queensland Law Journal
1133:George Pell, Archbishop of Melbourne
495:adding citations to reliable sources
466:
392:, the Minister for the Environment,
5557:(xxxv) Conciliation and arbitration
4688:Constitutional history of Australia
3701:Leader of the Australian Democrats
3653:Deputy Premier of Western Australia
1629:ungrouped – A Multi-Cultural Voice
1145:1999 Australian republic referendum
455:(Australian Capital Territory) and
378:
331:states and territories of Australia
24:
4279:
4155:
4076:. 13 February 1998. Archived from
25:
6135:
6114:February 1998 events in Australia
5452:(i) Interstate trade and commerce
4344:
3802:Australian Constitutional history
2480:ungrouped – Territory Republican
2405:The Australian Monarchist League
988:Deputy Prime Minister Tim Fischer
769:and Sydney University chancellor
265:Australia was founded in 1901 as
5623:
4255:O'Shane, Pat (3 February 1998).
3904:from the original on 26 May 2011
3364:Deputy Leader of the Opposition
1603:Ethos – Elect the Head of State
805:. Journalist delegates included
471:
408:, was accompanied by colleagues
58:
5502:(xix) Naturalization and aliens
4317:
4248:
4193:
4129:
4094:
3746:Leader of the Tasmanian Greens
3433:Deputy Leader of the Democrats
3392:Deputy President of the Senate
2449:Australian Republican Movement
2391:Australian Republican Movement
2365:Australian Republican Movement
2325:Australian Republican Movement
2298:Australian Republican Movement
2271:Australian Republican Movement
2244:Australian Republican Movement
2172:Australian Republican Movement
2159:Australian Republican Movement
2133:Australian Republican Movement
2059:Australian Republican Movement
2007:Australian Republican Movement
1944:Australian Republican Movement
1783:Australian Republican Movement
1765:Australian Republican Movement
1752:Australian Republican Movement
1726:Australian Republican Movement
1616:Australian Republican Movement
1509:Australian Republican Movement
1496:Australian Republican Movement
1483:Australian Republican Movement
1456:Australian Republican Movement
1407:Australian Republican Movement
482:needs additional citations for
5552:(xxxi) Acquisition of property
4266:Old Parliament House, Canberra
3997:
3947:
3853:
3823:
2431:Australian Republican Movement
2100:Australian Republican Movement
2029:Florence, Lady Bjelke-Petersen
1832:Republic4U – The Youth Ticket
1653:Australian Republican Movement
1360:Australian Republican Movement
1319:Australian Republican Movement
1279:Australian Republican Movement
1182:Australian Republican Movement
1025:Pat O'Shane, a magistrate and
571:Australian Republican Movement
462:
384:status quo and the Treasurer,
323:Old Parliament House, Canberra
312:
13:
1:
6079:Australian constitutional law
4540:Australian Constitutional Law
4361:National Library of Australia
3817:
3205:Minister for Social Security
3191:Minister for the Environment
3095:Australian Capital Territory
3029:Australian Capital Territory
2073:Queenslanders for a Republic
1864:Australian Monarchist League
1244:(republican) represented the
1073:that has served us so well":
1004:Opposition Leader Kim Beazley
872:Governor General of Australia
321:The convention took place at
238:
93:to 13 February 1998
4744:II: The Executive Government
4007:. Aph.gov.au. Archived from
3622:Premier of Western Australia
2435:Australian Capital Territory
1589:Australian Monarchist League
1162:
1138:
939:supported the republic. His
793:and former Governor General
752:Anglican Church of Australia
744:Catholic Church in Australia
733:Australian Monarchist League
721:Returned and Services League
683:Australian political parties
679:Australian Monarchist League
297:-National Coalition, led by
7:
6124:1990s political conferences
4657:Statute of Westminster 1931
4636:Retirement of judges (1977)
3785:
2487:List of appointed delegates
2033:Constitutional Monarchists
1958:Constitutional Monarchists
787:Governor of South Australia
569:A number of members of the
355:National Party of Australia
10:
6140:
6094:Legal history of Australia
6084:Republicanism in Australia
4718:Republicanism in Australia
4698:Constitutional Conventions
4555:Constitutional conventions
3830:Winterton, George (1999).
3792:Pledge of Loyalty Act 2006
3670:Premier of South Australia
3470:Premier of New South Wales
3130:
2518:
2046:Women for a Just Republic
1913:
1655:
1363:
1227:Premier of New South Wales
1166:
1142:
970:Prime Minister John Howard
915:Arguments by key advocates
820:
242:
5938:
5923:Constitutional Convention
5922:
5642:
5437:
4789:
4782:
4731:
4680:
4652:Constitution of Australia
4644:
4588:
4575:Reserve power (sovereign)
4532:
4511:
4480:
4472:Federal Executive Council
4439:
4403:
4397:Constitution of Australia
3732:Leader of the Opposition
3686:Leader of the Opposition
3637:Leader of the Opposition
3591:Leader of the Opposition
3545:Leader of the Opposition
3494:Leader of the Opposition
3341:Leader of the Opposition
2464:
2433:
2349:
2227:
2102:
1330:List of elected delegates
887:Commonwealth of Australia
833:Constitution of Australia
664:
641:appointed a judge of the
230:was held in November 1999
222:constitutional referendum
176:constitutional convention
141:
118:
104:
85:2 February 1998
81:
76:Constitutional convention
71:
65:Commonwealth Coat of Arms
57:
52:
6104:Conventions in Australia
5527:(xxiiiA) Social security
4426:House of Representatives
4230:"Australian Web Archive"
4201:"Australian Web Archive"
4137:"Australian Web Archive"
4038:"Australian Web Archive"
3900:. Lawfoundation.net.au.
3406:Shadow Attorney-General
1020:Treasurer Peter Costello
713:Florence Bjelke-Petersen
305:, the Coalition won the
293:in 2001. The opposition
279:Australian republicanism
253:Australian republicanism
5542:(xxix) External affairs
4626:Casual vacancies (1977)
4601:Senate elections (1906)
4297:Parliament of Australia
4173:Parliament of Australia
4109:Parliament of Australia
4074:Parliament of Australia
3807:Australian Constitution
1291:Archbishop of Melbourne
1201:High Court of Australia
1157:constitutional monarchy
961:of the existing order.
894:Parliament of Australia
643:High Court of Australia
609:, Aboriginal statesman
291:Federation of Australia
271:Australian Constitution
267:constitutional monarchy
245:Australian Constitution
215:Commonwealth Parliament
134:Commonwealth Government
39:Infobox recurring event
31:
6109:1998 in Australian law
5439:Enumerated legislative
4616:Social services (1946)
4611:2nd State debts (1928)
4606:1st State debts (1910)
4545:Responsible government
4519:Inter-State Commission
3289:Deputy Prime Minister
3223:Chief Government Whip
1322:
1306:
1282:
1266:
1248:
1233:
1218:
1203:
1184:
1136:
1120:
1105:
1086:
1070:
1046:
1043:Magistrate Pat O'Shane
1023:
1007:
991:
973:
944:
941:Australian Labor Party
928:
880:Indigenous Australians
817:Debate and conclusions
459:(Northern Territory).
447:(South Australia) and
416:and others, while the
326:
283:Australian Labor Party
44:considered for merging
6099:Monarchy of Australia
5547:(xxx) Pacific islands
4754:IV: Finance and Trade
4580:Reserved State powers
3812:Monarchy in Australia
3576:Premier of Queensland
3429:Natasha Stott Despoja
1806:Safeguard the People
1713:Safeguard the People
1312:
1288:
1272:
1262:, was a delegate for
1254:
1242:Natasha Stott Despoja
1239:
1224:
1209:
1190:
1176:
1125:
1109:
1091:
1075:
1051:
1031:
1012:
996:
981:
977:Deputy Prime Minister
954:
934:
922:
867:Australian Parliament
443:(Western Australia),
422:Natasha Stott Despoja
320:
307:1996 Federal Election
249:Monarchy in Australia
205:in preference to the
4645:Constitutional texts
4550:Separation of powers
4275:on 11 November 1998.
3797:History of Australia
2212:Elect the President
2096:Janet Holmes Ă Court
1260:Australian Democrats
1246:Australian Democrats
905:Governor of Victoria
903:developed by former
659:Australian Democrats
631:Lord Mayor of Sydney
615:University of Sydney
613:, Chancellor of the
587:Janet Holmes Ă Court
491:improve this article
418:Australian Democrats
357:with the Honourable
343:the Right Honourable
180:Old Parliament House
170:, also known as the
132:36 appointed by the
109:Old Parliament House
5537:(xxvii) Immigration
5441:powers (Section 51)
4749:III: The Judicature
4306:on 6 September 2015
4236:on 10 December 1999
4207:on 10 December 1999
4182:on 8 September 2015
4143:on 10 December 1999
4118:on 6 September 2015
4083:on 6 September 2015
4044:on 10 December 1999
4011:on 16 February 2012
3935:on 10 December 1999
3717:Premier of Tasmania
3530:Premier of Victoria
2976:Nova Peris-Kneebone
2912:Northern Territory
2620:Northern Territory
1212:Premier of Victoria
950:Australian monarchy
781:and public servant
758:; while republican
431:(New South Wales),
374:Prominent advocates
5572:(xxxviii) Imperial
5562:(xxxvi) Transition
4769:VII: Miscellaneous
4667:Australia Act 1986
4631:Referendums (1977)
4621:Aboriginals (1967)
4596:Referendum process
4512:Other institutions
4503:Boilermakers' Case
2744:Western Australia
2662:Peter Hollingworth
2589:Western Australia
2558:Western Australia
2519:Non-parliamentary
2466:Northern Territory
2378:No Republic – ACM
2312:No Republic – ACM
2284:No Republic – ACM
2258:No Republic – ACM
2185:No Republic – ACM
2146:No Republic – ACM
2119:No Republic – ACM
2020:No Republic – ACM
1998:Sallyanne Atkinson
1976:No Republic – ACM
1846:No Republic – ACM
1739:No Republic – ACM
1677:No Republic – ACM
1522:No Republic – ACM
1518:Christine Ferguson
1470:No Republic – ACM
1420:No Republic – ACM
1323:
1307:
1299:Peter Hollingworth
1283:
1267:
1249:
1234:
1219:
1204:
1185:
945:
935:Opposition Leader
929:
756:Peter Hollingworth
327:
257:Keating government
178:which gathered at
6066:
6065:
5644:Federal elections
5589:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5567:(xxxvii) Referral
5507:(xx) Corporations
4739:I: The Parliament
4404:Legislative power
4273:(PDF, transcript)
3783:
3782:
3400:Senator the Hon.
3372:Senator the Hon.
3199:Senator the Hon.
3185:Senator the Hon.
3177:Attorney-General
2886:Queensland / TSI
2516:Western Australia
2484:
2483:
2476:Michael Kilgariff
2347:No Republic – ACM
2225:No Republic – ACM
2104:Western Australia
1911:No Republic – ACM
1735:Sophie Panopoulos
1380:No Republic – ACM
1258:, founder of the
657:, founder of the
567:
566:
559:
541:
261:Howard government
188:Howard government
164:
163:
157:(deputy chairman)
16:(Redirected from
6131:
6119:1998 conferences
5628:
5627:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5593:
5592:
5577:(xxxix) Incident
5522:(xxiii) Pensions
4787:
4786:
4467:Governor-General
4390:
4383:
4376:
4367:
4366:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4329:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4305:
4299:. Archived from
4294:
4286:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4263:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4181:
4175:. Archived from
4170:
4162:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4117:
4111:. Archived from
4106:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4082:
4071:
4063:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4034:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4001:
3995:
3986:(Penguin, 1998,
3980:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3925:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3894:
3879:
3878:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3845:(2) – via
3836:
3827:
3511:
3491:
3466:
3448:
3361:
3338:
3305:
3286:
3255:
3238:
3220:
3174:
3147:
3125:
3082:New South Wales
3078:George Winterton
3069:New South Wales
3066:
3044:
3026:
3006:South Australia
2993:New South Wales
2950:
2934:South Australia
2931:
2883:
2837:South Australia
2834:
2815:
2809:Donald McGauchie
2797:
2791:Richard McGarvie
2781:New South Wales
2778:
2763:New South Wales
2760:
2741:
2726:New South Wales
2712:
2672:
2649:
2633:South Australia
2617:
2611:Gatjil Djerrkura
2602:New South Wales
2573:
2567:Geoffrey Blainey
2491:
2490:
2387:Marguerite Scott
2344:
2334:Edward O'Farrell
2280:Victoria Manetta
2004:
1973:
1908:
1902:Sir James Killen
1861:
1803:
1780:
1710:
1674:
1625:Jason Yat-Sen Li
1585:
1569:A Just Republic
1566:
1531:Alasdair Webster
1453:
1355:Malcolm Turnbull
1346:State/Territory
1334:
1333:
1301:(abstained) and
1178:Malcolm Turnbull
1134:
1118:
1103:
1084:
1068:
1044:
1021:
1005:
989:
971:
909:Richard McGarvie
803:Donald McGauchie
779:Richard McGarvie
767:Geoffrey Blainey
731:represented the
695:Jason Yat-Sen Li
608:
589:and businessman
585:, businesswoman
575:Malcolm Turnbull
562:
555:
551:
548:
542:
540:
499:
475:
467:
379:Parliamentarians
369:
352:
299:Alexander Downer
275:Governor-General
100:
98:
92:
90:
62:
50:
49:
47:
21:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6062:
5934:
5918:
5638:
5622:
5620:
5590:
5581:
5492:(xiv) Insurance
5472:(ix) Quarantine
5440:
5433:
4778:
4727:
4676:
4640:
4584:
4528:
4507:
4476:
4440:Executive power
4435:
4399:
4394:
4347:
4342:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4280:
4272:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4220:
4210:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4156:
4146:
4144:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4024:
4014:
4012:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3982:Vizard, Steve,
3981:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3936:
3927:
3926:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3882:
3871:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3834:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3788:
3741:Christine Milne
3601:Denver Beanland
3506:
3483:
3462:
3444:
3353:
3334:
3301:
3282:
3251:
3234:
3216:
3162:
3143:
3121:
3058:
3040:
3018:
2946:
2923:
2921:Lois O'Donoghue
2875:
2830:
2811:
2793:
2774:
2756:
2737:
2700:
2664:
2645:
2613:
2569:
2500:State/Territory
2489:
2462:A Just Republic
2336:
2321:Kirsten Andrews
2229:South Australia
2208:Patrick O'Brien
2181:Marylyn Rodgers
2000:
1969:
1940:Michael Lavarch
1904:
1857:
1855:Kenneth Gifford
1795:
1776:
1702:
1670:
1637:Catherine Moore
1581:
1562:
1445:
1433:Ted Mack Group
1394:Ted Mack Group
1375:Doug Sutherland
1365:New South Wales
1332:
1313:TV personality
1273:Trade Unionist
1171:
1165:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1119:
1116:
1104:
1101:
1085:
1082:
1069:
1066:
1045:
1042:
1035:26 January 1788
1022:
1019:
1006:
1003:
990:
987:
972:
969:
923:Prime Minister
917:
899:The minimalist
829:
821:Main articles:
819:
735:. Ted Mack and
667:
627:Doug Sutherland
604:
563:
552:
546:
543:
500:
498:
488:
476:
465:
381:
376:
361:
348:
315:
285:Prime Minister
263:
243:Main articles:
241:
160:
123:
96:
94:
88:
86:
67:
48:
32:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6137:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5944:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
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5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
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5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
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5517:(xxii) Divorce
5514:
5512:(xxi) Marriage
5509:
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5487:(xiii) Banking
5484:
5482:(xii) Currency
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4764:VI: New States
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4345:External links
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3160:Daryl Williams
3156:
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3141:Peter Costello
3137:
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3131:Parliamentary
3129:
3128:Prime Minister
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2961:The Most Revd
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2735:Annette Knight
2732:
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2696:Major General
2694:
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2660:The Most Revd
2658:
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2598:Miranda Devine
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2155:Graham Edwards
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2018:
2016:Thomas Bradley
2013:
2009:
2008:
2005:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1967:Neville Bonner
1964:
1960:
1959:
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1950:
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1936:
1932:
1931:
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1891:Shooters Party
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1819:Real Republic
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1167:Main article:
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1152:The referendum
1143:Main article:
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1067:Neville Bonner
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901:McGarvie Model
851:
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827:McGarvie Model
818:
815:
811:Miranda Devine
777:retired judge
706:Neville Bonner
687:Shooters Party
666:
663:
629:(former Labor
611:Neville Bonner
565:
564:
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439:(Queensland),
398:Jocelyn Newman
390:Daryl Williams
386:Peter Costello
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5477:(x) Fisheries
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5457:(ii) Taxation
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4772:
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4760:
4759:V: The States
4757:
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4709:
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4699:
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4694:
4693:The Dismissal
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4685:
4683:
4679:
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4609:
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4525:
4524:Privy Council
4522:
4520:
4517:
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4514:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
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4491:
4489:
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4414:
4412:
4409:
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4398:
4391:
4386:
4384:
4379:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4326:
4320:
4302:
4298:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4271:
4267:
4260:
4259:
4251:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4178:
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4142:
4138:
4132:
4114:
4110:
4103:
4097:
4079:
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4068:
4062:
4060:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3993:
3992:0-14-027983-0
3989:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3961:on 5 May 2010
3960:
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3930:
3924:
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3668:
3665:
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3658:
3657:
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3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3616:Richard Court
3613:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3586:Peter Beattie
3584:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
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3552:
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3521:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3481:Peter Collins
3478:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3374:John Faulkner
3371:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3299:John Anderson
3296:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:Alan Ferguson
3264:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3249:Kevin Andrews
3247:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3208:
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3198:
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3176:
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3157:
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3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:Delegate name
3102:
3099:
3098:
3094:
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3089:
3086:
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3079:
3076:
3073:
3072:
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3057:
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3033:
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3028:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2990:
2987:
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2966:
2964:
2960:
2957:
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2941:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:Moira O'Brien
2906:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2828:Roma Mitchell
2825:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2754:Leonie Kramer
2751:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:Adam Johnston
2722:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2698:William James
2695:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2541:Dannalee Bell
2539:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2497:Delegate name
2496:
2493:
2492:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:Frank Cassidy
2443:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2409:
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2404:
2402:
2398:
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2329:
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2311:
2309:
2305:
2302:
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2297:
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2283:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:John Hepworth
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2194:Liam Bartlett
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:Peter Tannock
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:Eric Bullmore
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
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1836:
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1831:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1793:Vernon Wilcox
1790:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1756:
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1733:
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1720:
1717:
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1712:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1698:
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1684:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1649:Eddie McGuire
1647:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1599:Andrew Gunter
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1546:Glenda Hewitt
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1505:Jennie George
1503:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1466:Julian Leeser
1463:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1340:Delegate name
1339:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1315:Eddie McGuire
1311:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1276:
1275:Jennie George
1271:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1193:Michael Kirby
1189:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1129:
1124:
1113:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1090:
1079:
1074:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1016:
1011:
1000:
995:
984:
980:
978:
966:
962:
958:
953:
951:
942:
938:
933:
926:
921:
912:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
890:
888:
883:
881:
875:
873:
868:
862:
860:
856:
847:
846:
845:
838:
837:
836:
834:
828:
824:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:Roma Mitchell
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:Leonie Kramer
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
623:Helen Sham-Ho
620:
619:Leonie Kramer
616:
612:
607:
602:
601:Michael Kirby
598:
594:
592:
588:
584:
583:Eddie McGuire
580:
576:
572:
561:
558:
550:
547:November 2017
539:
536:
532:
529:
525:
522:
518:
515:
511:
508: –
507:
503:
502:Find sources:
496:
492:
486:
485:
480:This section
478:
474:
469:
468:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:Richard Court
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
420:sent Senator
419:
415:
414:John Faulkner
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
371:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
347:
344:
340:
336:
332:
324:
319:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
236:
235:
231:
223:
219:
216:
212:
211:head of state
208:
204:
201:
197:
196:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
144:
140:
135:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
66:
61:
56:
51:
45:
41:
40:
36:
30:
19:
5914:by-elections
5907:
5637:in Australia
5467:(vi) Defence
4701:
4681:Other topics
4331:. Retrieved
4319:
4308:. Retrieved
4301:the original
4270:the original
4257:
4250:
4238:. Retrieved
4234:the original
4209:. Retrieved
4205:the original
4195:
4184:. Retrieved
4177:the original
4145:. Retrieved
4141:the original
4131:
4120:. Retrieved
4113:the original
4096:
4085:. Retrieved
4078:the original
4046:. Retrieved
4042:the original
4013:. Retrieved
4009:the original
3999:
3983:
3963:. Retrieved
3959:the original
3949:
3937:. Retrieved
3933:the original
3906:. Retrieved
3873:– via
3870:0644-52828-1
3855:
3842:
3838:
3825:
3755:Kate Carnell
3696:Mike Elliott
3632:Geoff Gallop
3570:Rob Borbidge
3555:Pat McNamara
3524:Jeff Kennett
3442:Allan Rocher
3351:Gareth Evans
3232:Chris Gallus
3038:Trang Thomas
3002:Judith Sloan
2860:Joan Moloney
2629:Mia Handshin
2554:Julie Bishop
2458:David Curtis
2414:Eric Lockett
2361:Julian Green
2308:John Fleming
2252:The Rt Rev.
2240:Baden Teague
2221:Kym Bonython
2113:The Rt Hon.
2055:Sarina Russo
1815:Moira Rayner
1748:Steve Vizard
1700:Bruce Ruxton
1687:Tim Costello
1492:Peter Grogan
1479:Karin Sowada
1443:Neville Wran
1403:Wendy Machin
1343:Organisation
1324:
1305:(republican)
1303:Tim Costello
1232:(republican)
1215:Jeff Kennett
1148:
1126:
1121:
1110:
1106:
1095:Henry Lawson
1092:
1087:
1076:
1071:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1032:
1024:
1013:
1008:
997:
992:
982:
974:
963:
959:
955:
946:
898:
891:
884:
876:
863:
852:
843:
830:
807:Mia Handshin
764:
760:Tim Costello
741:
725:Bruce Ruxton
710:
699:
668:
635:
595:
579:Steve Vizard
568:
553:
544:
534:
527:
520:
513:
501:
489:Please help
484:verification
481:
453:Kate Carnell
437:Rob Borbidge
435:(Victoria),
433:Jeff Kennett
426:
410:Gareth Evans
382:
346:Ian Sinclair
328:
287:Paul Keating
264:
233:
227:
171:
167:
165:
149:Ian Sinclair
37:
29:
5940:Referendums
5635:referendums
5532:(xxvi) Race
3772:Shane Stone
3711:Tony Rundle
3647:Hendy Cowan
3540:John Brumby
3402:Nick Bolkus
3332:Kim Beazley
3318:Ron Boswell
3280:Tim Fischer
3214:Neil Andrew
3187:Robert Hill
3119:John Howard
3056:Lloyd Waddy
3016:David Smith
2963:George Pell
2899:Queensland
2864:Queensland
2846:Carl Möller
2772:Helen Lynch
2715:Queensland
2684:Mary Imlach
2675:Queensland
2652:Queensland
2643:Bill Hayden
2585:Greg Craven
2142:Geoff Hourn
2115:Reg Withers
2083:Ann Bunnell
1873:Phil Cleary
1774:Lindsay Fox
1612:Hazel Hawke
1579:Alf Garland
1560:Pat O'Shane
1416:Kerry Jones
1295:George Pell
1102:Phil Cleary
937:Kim Beazley
925:John Howard
849:nomination.
840:considered.
795:Bill Hayden
783:David Smith
775:Greg Craven
748:George Pell
737:Phil Cleary
729:Alf Garland
702:Pat O'Shane
651:Kerry Jones
647:Tony Abbott
638:Bill Hayden
591:Lindsay Fox
463:ARM and ACM
457:Shane Stone
449:Tony Rundle
406:Kim Beazley
402:Tim Fischer
394:Robert Hill
359:Barry Jones
313:Composition
303:John Howard
190:to discuss
155:Barry Jones
33:‹ The
6073:Categories
4783:By section
4732:By chapter
4589:Amendments
4560:Federalism
4488:High Court
4411:Parliament
4310:2015-09-07
4186:2015-09-07
4122:2015-09-07
4087:2015-09-07
3818:References
3664:John Olsen
3416:Kate Lundy
3150:Treasurer
3091:Heidi Zwar
2989:Peter Sams
2944:Arvi Parbo
2873:George Mye
2512:Andrea Ang
2267:Linda Kirk
2069:Paul Tully
2042:Mary Kelly
1985:David Muir
1954:Glen Sheil
1926:Clem Jones
1915:Queensland
1842:Jim Ramsay
1761:Poppy King
1577:Brigadier
1027:indigenous
799:Arvi Parbo
723:spokesman
717:Glen Sheil
671:Clem Jones
517:newspapers
445:John Olsen
335:republican
269:under the
239:Background
151:(chairman)
126:76 elected
97:1998-02-13
89:1998-02-02
5631:elections
5448:Powers of
4533:Doctrines
3770:The Hon.
3727:Jim Bacon
3709:The Hon.
3694:The Hon.
3681:Mike Rann
3679:The Hon.
3662:The Hon.
3645:The Hon.
3614:The Hon.
3599:The Hon.
3568:The Hon.
3553:The Hon.
3522:The Hon.
3504:Jeff Shaw
3502:The Hon.
3479:The Hon.
3458:The Hon.
3349:The Hon.
3330:The Hon.
3297:The Hon.
3278:The Hon.
3158:The Hon.
3139:The Hon.
3117:The Hon.
3109:Category
3047:Victoria
2967:Victoria
2953:Victoria
2895:Ben Myers
2850:Tasmania
2818:Victoria
2800:Victoria
2789:The Hon.
2688:Tasmania
2641:The Hon.
2576:Victoria
2545:Victoria
2532:Victoria
2503:Category
1938:The Hon.
1900:The Hon.
1840:The Hon.
1791:The Hon.
1685:The Rev.
1668:Don Chipp
1666:The Hon.
1441:The Hon.
1256:Don Chipp
1163:Delegates
1139:Aftermath
655:Don Chipp
353:, of the
142:Co-chairs
119:Delegates
42:is being
5629:Federal
4462:Monarchy
3902:Archived
3786:See also
3460:Bob Carr
3427:Senator
3414:Senator
3388:Sue West
3386:Senator
3316:Senator
3265:Senator
2351:Tasmania
1657:Victoria
1429:Ed Haber
1390:Ted Mack
1321:delegate
1281:delegate
1240:Senator
1230:Bob Carr
1210:Liberal
1195:founded
1191:Justice
1180:led the
1131:—
1115:—
1100:—
1081:—
1065:—
1041:—
1018:—
1002:—
986:—
968:—
750:and the
675:Ted Mack
429:Bob Carr
339:monarchy
337:and pro-
200:republic
184:Canberra
174:, was a
113:Canberra
46:. ›
35:template
4447:Cabinet
4333:28 July
3847:Austlii
3666:FNIA MP
1317:was an
1277:was an
859:hansard
531:scholar
295:Liberal
172:Con Con
95: (
87: (
82:Date(s)
4431:Senate
4240:2 June
4211:2 June
4147:2 June
4048:2 June
4015:12 Oct
3990:
3965:2 June
3939:2 June
3908:2 June
3867:
3106:Office
2206:Prof.
2127:Prof.
1225:Labor
999:of us.
689:, the
665:Others
533:
526:
519:
512:
504:
259:, and
4328:(PDF)
4304:(PDF)
4293:(PDF)
4262:(PDF)
4180:(PDF)
4169:(PDF)
4116:(PDF)
4105:(PDF)
4081:(PDF)
4070:(PDF)
3875:Trove
3835:(PDF)
3510:
3487:
3357:
3170:
3166:
3100:Order
3062:
3022:
2927:
2879:
2752:Dame
2708:
2704:
2668:
2494:Order
2340:
1799:
1706:
1449:
1337:Order
1289:Then
789:Dame
711:Lady
617:Dame
538:JSTOR
524:books
365:
105:Venue
72:Genre
6058:2023
6053:2017
6048:1999
6043:1988
6038:1984
6033:1977
6028:1974
6023:1973
6018:1967
6013:1951
6008:1948
6003:1946
5998:1944
5993:1937
5988:1928
5983:1926
5978:1919
5973:1917
5968:1916
5963:1913
5958:1911
5953:1910
5948:1906
5930:1997
5908:Next
5902:2022
5897:2019
5892:2016
5887:2013
5882:2010
5877:2007
5872:2004
5867:2001
5862:1998
5857:1996
5852:1993
5847:1990
5842:1987
5837:1984
5832:1983
5827:1980
5822:1977
5817:1975
5812:1974
5807:1972
5802:1970
5797:1969
5792:1967
5787:1966
5782:1964
5777:1963
5772:1961
5767:1958
5762:1955
5757:1954
5752:1953
5747:1951
5742:1949
5737:1946
5732:1943
5727:1940
5722:1937
5717:1934
5712:1931
5707:1929
5702:1928
5697:1925
5692:1922
5687:1919
5682:1917
5677:1914
5672:1913
5667:1910
5662:1906
5657:1903
5652:1901
5633:and
5314:105A
4702:1998
4335:2012
4242:2011
4213:2011
4149:2011
4050:2011
4017:2009
3988:ISBN
3967:2011
3941:2011
3910:2011
3865:ISBN
3020:KCVO
3014:Sir
2942:Sir
1906:KCMG
975:The
825:and
809:and
801:and
754:' s
715:and
581:and
510:news
166:The
122:152—
5429:128
5424:127
5419:126
5414:125
5409:124
5404:123
5399:122
5394:121
5389:120
5384:119
5379:118
5374:117
5369:116
5364:115
5359:114
5354:113
5349:112
5344:111
5339:110
5334:109
5329:108
5324:107
5319:106
5309:105
5304:104
5299:103
5294:102
5289:101
5284:100
3774:MLA
3757:MLA
3743:MHA
3729:MHA
3713:MHA
3698:MLC
3649:MLA
3634:MLA
3618:MLA
3603:MLA
3588:MLA
3572:MLA
3557:MLA
3542:MLA
3526:MLA
3060:RFD
2925:CBE
2877:MBE
2858:Cr
2706:MBE
2670:OBE
2615:OAM
2399:Dr
2342:CBE
2338:CVO
2306:Fr
2292:Dr
2238:Dr
2081:Cr
2067:Cr
1952:Dr
1924:Dr
1797:CBE
1708:MBE
1704:OBE
1558:Dr
1464:Cr
746:'s
633:).
493:by
6075::
5279:99
5274:98
5269:97
5264:96
5259:95
5254:94
5249:93
5244:92
5239:91
5234:90
5229:89
5224:88
5219:87
5214:86
5209:85
5204:84
5199:83
5194:82
5189:81
5184:80
5179:79
5174:78
5169:77
5164:76
5159:75
5154:74
5149:73
5144:72
5139:71
5134:70
5129:69
5124:68
5119:67
5114:66
5109:65
5104:64
5099:63
5094:62
5089:61
5084:60
5079:59
5074:58
5069:57
5064:56
5059:55
5054:54
5049:53
5044:52
5039:50
5034:49
5029:48
5024:47
5019:46
5014:45
5009:44
5004:43
4999:42
4994:41
4989:40
4984:39
4979:38
4974:37
4969:36
4964:35
4959:34
4954:33
4949:32
4944:31
4939:30
4934:29
4929:28
4924:27
4919:26
4914:25
4909:24
4904:23
4899:22
4894:21
4889:20
4884:19
4879:18
4874:17
4869:16
4864:15
4859:14
4854:13
4849:12
4844:11
4839:10
4295:.
4281:^
4221:^
4171:.
4157:^
4107:.
4072:.
4058:^
4025:^
3975:^
3918:^
3883:^
3843:20
3841:.
3837:.
3767:76
3751:75
3737:74
3723:73
3706:72
3691:71
3683:MP
3676:70
3659:69
3642:68
3628:67
3611:66
3596:65
3582:64
3565:63
3550:62
3536:61
3519:60
3508:QC
3499:59
3489:MP
3485:QC
3476:58
3464:MP
3455:57
3446:MP
3438:56
3424:55
3411:54
3397:53
3383:52
3369:51
3359:MP
3355:QC
3346:50
3336:MP
3327:49
3313:48
3303:MP
3294:47
3284:MP
3275:46
3262:45
3253:MP
3245:44
3236:MP
3228:43
3218:MP
3210:42
3196:41
3182:40
3172:MP
3168:QC
3164:AM
3155:39
3145:MP
3136:38
3123:MP
3114:37
3087:36
3074:35
3064:QC
3052:34
3042:AM
3034:33
3024:AO
3011:32
2998:31
2985:30
2972:29
2958:28
2948:AC
2939:27
2929:AM
2917:26
2904:25
2891:24
2881:AM
2869:23
2855:22
2842:21
2832:AC
2823:20
2813:AC
2805:19
2795:AC
2786:18
2776:AM
2768:17
2758:AC
2749:16
2739:AM
2731:15
2720:14
2710:MC
2702:AO
2693:13
2680:12
2666:AO
2657:11
2647:AC
2638:10
2571:AO
2472:76
2454:75
2441:74
2423:73
2410:72
2396:71
2383:70
2370:69
2357:68
2330:67
2317:66
2303:65
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2276:63
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2249:61
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2190:57
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2138:53
2124:52
2110:51
2092:50
2078:49
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2051:47
2038:46
2025:45
2012:44
2002:AO
1994:43
1981:42
1971:AO
1963:41
1949:40
1935:39
1921:38
1897:37
1882:36
1869:35
1859:QC
1851:34
1837:33
1824:32
1811:31
1801:QC
1788:30
1778:AO
1770:29
1757:28
1744:27
1731:26
1718:25
1696:24
1682:23
1672:AO
1663:22
1645:21
1634:20
1621:19
1608:18
1595:17
1583:AM
1574:16
1564:AM
1555:15
1542:14
1527:13
1514:12
1501:11
1488:10
1451:QC
1447:AC
1293:,
1159:.
952::
907:,
889:.
874:.
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621:,
606:QC
593:.
424:.
412:,
367:MP
363:AO
350:MP
255:,
251:,
247:,
220:a
182:,
111:,
5615:e
5608:t
5601:v
4834:9
4829:8
4824:7
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4809:4
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545:(
535:·
528:·
521:·
514:·
487:.
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99:)
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