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Australians

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68: 1486: 242: 1263: 168: 1450: 1271: 1520: 1656: 96: 114: 1554: 1503: 1690: 132: 186: 1605: 1707: 5211: 1622: 1571: 204: 1537: 296: 2388: 1724: 150: 278: 1673: 1639: 224: 1588: 1469: 260: 5128: 1048:. The German community constitutes the second largest non-Anglo Celtic European ethnic group in Australia, amounting to 4% of respondents in the 2021 Census. Germans formed the largest non-English-speaking group in Australia up to the 20th century. Although a few individuals had emigrated earlier, the first large group of Germans arrived in 1370:. Indigenous Australians experience higher than average rates of imprisonment and unemployment, lower levels of education, and life expectancies for males and females that are, respectively, 11 and 17 years lower than those of non-indigenous Australians. Some remote Indigenous communities have been described as having " 1245:
ancestry, and are the second-largest Asian Australian ancestry, comprising 3.1% of the total population. Indian Australians are one of the largest groups within the Indian diaspora. Indians are the youngest average age (34 years) and the fastest growing community both in terms of absolute numbers and
1008:
Germans formed the largest non-British Isles ancestry for most of the 19th century. Between 1901 and 1940, 140,000 non-British European immigrants arrived in Australia (about 16 percent of the total intake). Before World War II, 13.6 percent were born overseas, and 80 percent of those were British.
598:
population continues to expand and flourish as a result of changes in the demographic makeup of immigrants and as there has been increased economic and cultural intercourse with Asian nations, Australia has observed the gradual emergence of a "Eurasian society" within its major urban hubs, blending
446:. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or ethno-cultural. For most Australians, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Australian. Australian law does not provide for a racial or ethnic component of nationality, instead relying on 1355:, into a possession ceremony, fabricating Britain's claim of Australia's east coast. Eighteen years later, the east coast was occupied by Britain and later the west coast was also settled by Britain. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315,000 and 750,000. 976:
history, the vast majority of early settlers came of their own free will. Far more Australians are descended from assisted immigrants than from convicts, the majority of Colonial Era settlers being British and Irish. About 20 percent of Australians are descendants of convicts. Most of the first
1791:
are thought to have existed at the time of first European contact, of which fewer than twenty are still in daily use by all age groups. About 110 others are spoken exclusively by older people. At the time of the 2006 census, 52,000 Indigenous Australians, representing 12% of the Indigenous
1254:(soldiers and sailors) aboard visiting European ships, through 19th-century migrant labourers and the 20th century's hostile policies to the new generation of skilled professional migrants of the 21st century... India became the largest source of skilled migrants in the 21st century." 3570:
when he proclaimed in his speech to parliament announcing the 1948 Nationality and Citizenship Act that 'to say one is an Australian is, of course, to indicate beyond all doubt that one is British'." – A. Haebich, Spinning the Dream: Assimilation in Australia 1950–1970, 2008, p.
920:
are Australians of whose descent is wholly or partially European. Australians of European descent are the majority in Australia, with the number of ancestry responses categorised within the European groups as a proportion of the total population amounting to 57.2% (including 46%
3028: 2964: 1932:. The population estimates do not include the Aboriginal population before 1961. Estimates of Aboriginal population prior to European settlement range from 300,000 to one million, with archaeological finds indicating a sustainable population of around 750,000. 1035:
in Australia, with the 2021 census finding 4.4% of the population claiming ancestry from Italy be they migrants to Australia or their descendants born in Australia of Italian heritage. Australia's long-history of Italian immigration has given rise to an
1005:. The census of 1901 showed that 98 percent of Australians had Anglo-Celtic ancestral origins. In 1939 and 1945, still 98 percent of Australians had Anglo-Celtic ancestral origins. Until 1947, the vast majority of the population were of British origin. 3257: 3411: 2742: 1073:
are Australians with ancestry wholly or partially from the continent of Asia. At the 2021 census, the number of ancestry responses categorised within the Asian groups as a proportion of the total population amounted to 17.4% (including 6.5%
3020: 1905: 4975: 996:
of England, from Ireland and from Scotland. In 1888, 60 percent of the Australian population had been born in Australia, and almost all had British ancestral origins. Out of the remaining 40 percent, 34 percent had been born in the
3312: 762:. These ancestry responses are classified into broad standardised ancestry groups. At the 2021 census, the number of ancestry responses within each standardised group as a proportion of the total population was as follows: 57.2% 4841: 972:. Anglo-Celtic Australians have been highly influential in shaping the nation's character. By the mid-1840s, the numbers of freeborn settlers had overtaken the convict population. Although some observers stress Australia's 4637: 2957: 3665: 2535:
The Australian Bureau of Statistics source lists England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland separately although they are all part of the United Kingdom. They are not combined because they are not combined in the
3630: 3235: 2713: 3403: 3599: 3808: 3708: 3126: 2734: 2570:
The Australian Bureau of Statistics source lists England and Scotland separately although they are both part of the United Kingdom. These should not be combined as they are not combined in the source.
2852:"Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables - Immigrant population by place of birth, period of immigration, 2016 counts, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data" 459: 3830: 4933: 933:). The proportion of Australians with European ancestry is thought to be higher than the numbers captured in the census as those nominating their ancestry as "Australian" are classified within the 4424: 3050: 5485: 5027: 3174: 2859: 1179:
of California in North America. They typically sent money to their families in the villages, regularly visited their families, and retired to their home villages after many years working as
4486: 3152: 1332:
Dispersing across the Australian continent over time, the population expanded and differentiated into hundreds of distinct groups, each with its own language and culture. More than 400
4833: 2610:
Includes those who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry. The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry have at least partial
1382:
In 2019, 30% of the Australian resident population, or 7,529,570 people, were born overseas. The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth as estimated by the
3918:
C. Meierkord, Interactions across Englishes: Linguistic Choices in Local and International Contact Situations (Studies in English Language), Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 37
2802: 2772: 6991: 4579: 3283:"Christian%20Commonwealth"%20%20Dataset%3Aconventions;rec=0;resCount=Default; "ParlInfo - 1898 Australasian Federation Conference : Third Session : Debates - January 28" 2652:
Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.
4644: 4553: 4874: 4299: 3743: 3657: 4954: 4519: 3378: 1025:
emigrants and the Netherlands-born became numerically the second largest non-British group in Australia. In 1971, 70 percent of the foreign born were of European origin.
4996: 4717: 4177: 2889: 3626: 3227: 5458: 5845: 5242: 4211:
Australia's first inhabitants, the Aboriginal people, are believed to have migrated from some unknown point in Asia to Australia between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago.
2643:. This relates to nomination of ancestry and is distinct from persons who identify as Indigenous (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander) which is a separate question. 3316: 5611: 5448: 5443: 5428: 5322: 2707: 2703: 738:(1908) stated that "Although there is no Australian nationality as distinguished from British nationality, there is an Australian species of British nationality." 591:
settlers. The cultural divergence and evolution that has occurred over the centuries since European settlement has resulted in a distinctive Australian culture.
6336: 6244: 5776: 5722: 5589: 5542: 5237: 4314: 3104: 2940: 4746: 6239: 6212: 6187: 6147: 5759: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5660: 5645: 5433: 5398: 5342: 5297: 5262: 5232: 1909: 3870: 3595: 5880: 5860: 5764: 5655: 5596: 5535: 5317: 5282: 5277: 5267: 5227: 4601: 3134: 1163:
or forms. Less well-known are the kinds of society Chinese Australians came from, the families they left behind and what their intentions were in migrating.
6384: 988:
Settlers that arrived throughout the 19th century were from all parts of the United Kingdom and Ireland, a significant proportion of settlers came from the
7008: 6331: 6303: 6278: 6229: 5823: 5796: 5744: 5302: 3834: 4626:"English has no de jure status but it is so entrenched as the common language that it is de facto the official language as well as the national language." 6249: 5769: 5616: 4930: 4412: 3800: 3692: 3061: 1386:
in 2021. It shows only countries or regions or birth with a population of over 100,000 residing in Australia (for more information about immigration see
5019: 3178: 1760:
is a major variety of the language with a distinctive accent and lexicon, and differs slightly from other varieties of English in grammar and spelling.
6283: 6224: 5552: 2851: 1104:
ancestry in the country, constituting 5.5% of those nominating their ancestry at the 2021 census. Chinese Australians are one of the largest groups of
5562: 5160: 1148:, while many are descendants of such immigrants. The very early history of Chinese Australians involved significant immigration from villages of the 2998: 4055: 1091: 803: 1767:
At the 2021 census, English was the only language spoken in the home for 72% of the population. The next most common languages spoken at home are
1301:. Their ancestors are believed to have migrated from Africa to Asia around 70,000 years ago and arrived in Australia around 50,000 years ago. The 6889: 3148: 4476: 4453: 4811: 4900: 4036:
V. Colic-Peisker, Migration, Class and Transnational Identities: Croatians in Australia and America (Studies of World Migrations), 2008, p. 72
3773: 6894: 716:. As a result of many shared linguistic, historical, cultural and geographic characteristics, Australians have often identified closely with 7159: 3282: 1818: 3177:. Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from 2794: 2764: 4575: 2828: 2513:'No religion' is equivalent to 'Secular Beliefs and Other Spiritual Beliefs and No Religious Affiliation'. For further details, see the 6415: 4545: 2963:. Bevölkerung und Erwerbstätigkeit [Foreign Population: Results of the Central Register of Foreigners] (Report) (in German). 6662: 4609: 1333: 67: 1021:
being among the largest immigrant groups during the post-war era. During the 1950s, Australia was the destination of 30 per cent of
4870: 4291: 3739: 1892:. The Dreaming established the laws and structures of society and the ceremonies performed to ensure continuity of life and land. 5388: 4194: 3205: 2466: 1053: 4950: 4509: 2681: 1800:, which is the main language of about 10,112 deaf people who reported that they use Auslan language at home in the 2016 census. 6936: 6746: 6554: 6468: 4780: 3374: 3367: 571:
The development of a distinctive Australian identity and national character began in the 19th century. The primary language is
4993: 4721: 4174: 4125: 2941:
https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/hong-kong/hong-kong-brief#:~:text=Hong%20Kong%20is%20home%20to,Hong%20Kong%20live%20in%20Australia
2881: 6832: 6672: 5383: 5153: 5090: 5071: 4689: 4364: 3987: 2953: 720:
in particular. Australian citizenship prior to 1949 was a social, moral, and political concept. Prior to the introduction of
4695: 3545: 6948: 6488: 6483: 6478: 5132: 3151:. Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2919: 2626:
The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry have at least partial
2461: 1391: 942: 3338: 7382: 7335: 7279: 7174: 6680: 6514: 6428: 3627:"Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2019 | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 7387: 7342: 6473: 6453: 5109: 4012: 814:. At the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated individual ancestries as a proportion of the total population were: 450:
as a legal status, though the Constitutional framers considered the Commonwealth to be "a home for Australians and the
3108: 599:
both European and Asian material and popular culture within a distinctly Australian context. Other influences include
6884: 6785: 6685: 6605: 6539: 4396: 4374: 4350: 4321: 4092: 3962: 3937: 3539: 2421: 638: 529: 510: 454:
alone", as well as a "Christian Commonwealth". Since the postwar period, Australia has pursued an official policy of
3866: 937:
group, and the Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are
6612: 6549: 6534: 5146: 620: 580: 4613: 922: 767: 7053: 6852: 6842: 6778: 6519: 6493: 5005: 4980: 4420: 4345:
Lourandos, Harry (1997) "New Perspectives in Australian Prehistory", Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.
3796: 3704: 3122: 1929: 1900:
The current Australian resident population is estimated at 27,761,000 (27 September 2024). This does not include
1869: 1788: 1401: 1383: 1191:. As with many overseas Chinese groups the world over, early Chinese immigrants to Australia established several 747: 326: 6380: 7139: 7038: 6758: 6736: 6642: 6448: 6408: 4576:"Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2021(b)(c)" 3313:"Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2019(b)(c)" 1348: 1329:
is an inclusive term used when referring to both Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders (the "first peoples").
2991:"Major Figures on Residents from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Foreigners Covered by 2010 Population Census" 75:
Common ancestries: English, Aboriginal Australian, Irish, New Zealander, German, Italian, Chinese, and Indian.
7392: 7289: 7206: 7082: 6931: 6924: 6795: 6741: 6544: 6524: 6353: 4365:
The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History, Society, and Culture
3086: 1868:
In 2021, just under 8,000 people declared an affiliation with traditional Aboriginal religions. According to
600: 576: 7274: 7068: 6805: 6768: 6647: 6637: 6509: 4152: 1838: 1834: 604: 415: 411: 5169: 1317:, and some nearby settlements on the mainland. The term "Aboriginal" is traditionally applied to only the 1090:). This figure excludes Australians of Middle Eastern ancestry, who are separately categorised within the 7043: 7001: 6996: 6943: 6690: 6657: 6585: 4147: 2990: 2486: 751: 645:
in the 1850s and after the First and Second World Wars, with many post-World War II migrants coming from
39: 4059: 7377: 7109: 7013: 6867: 6822: 6726: 6288: 5327: 2514: 1913: 1274: 1246:
percentages in Australia. Migration of Indians to Australia followed the pattern of "from 18th-century
447: 7229: 7186: 7134: 7033: 6879: 6847: 6763: 6753: 6721: 6401: 5635: 5332: 4514: 4449: 3700: 3258:"ParlInfo - 1898 Australasian Federation Conference : Third Session : Debates - January 28" 2411: 1815: 1558: 1507: 626: 407: 4803: 3493:
White, Richard (1 January 1983). "A Backwater Awash: The Australian Experience of Americanisation".
811: 7144: 7129: 6976: 6812: 6773: 6600: 5905: 4896: 4750: 3765: 2481: 2476: 1434: 1387: 1101: 1037: 949: 912: 713: 630: 588: 556:
now being the largest source of immigrants. A smaller proportion of Australians are descended from
549: 518: 474: 463: 7294: 7169: 7149: 7124: 7104: 6857: 6827: 6652: 6529: 6458: 6341: 6324: 6192: 6052: 5828: 5665: 5530: 5525: 5200: 3133:. No. Cultural Diversity in Australia, 2016. Canberra: Australian Government. Archived from 3127:"2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016" 2640: 2627: 2611: 2471: 2456: 1948: 1877: 1826: 1367: 1302: 1289: 938: 934: 779: 729: 565: 62: 31: 17: 1821:
the Commonwealth government, but not the states, from establishing one, or interfering with the
637:, and five other colonies were established in the 19th century, now forming the six present-day 7201: 7179: 7154: 7119: 7099: 7063: 6901: 6872: 6862: 6837: 6800: 6731: 6568: 6463: 6067: 6042: 6037: 5952: 5870: 5833: 5697: 5473: 5463: 5423: 5357: 5195: 5187: 5055: 3909:
B. Kachru, Y. Kachru, C. Nelson, The Handbook of World Englishes, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, p. 295
2416: 1745: 1609: 1541: 1363: 1359: 1318: 1294: 1285: 1281: 1164: 721: 658: 642: 603:, the traditions brought to the country by waves of immigration from around the world, and the 561: 557: 545: 522: 337: 35: 27: 5210: 4777:"4713.0 – Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006" 4339: 7264: 7196: 7094: 7048: 6911: 6817: 6704: 6590: 6167: 6117: 6057: 6022: 6017: 5962: 5791: 5781: 5754: 5601: 5584: 5569: 5468: 5413: 5403: 5393: 5337: 5307: 5257: 5247: 4107:
G. Leitner, Australia's Many Voices: Australian English – The National Language, 2004, p. 181
4082: 2824: 2451: 2431: 1809: 1711: 1575: 1298: 1120:
than any country outside Asia. Many Chinese Australians have immigrated from Mainland China,
978: 945:
in 1788, people of European descent have formed the majority of the population in Australia.
888: 858: 712:
heritage derived from the descendants of early settlers who form an ancestral group known as
681: 514: 4292:"Aboriginal Australians descend from the first humans to leave Africa, DNA sequence reveals" 3900:
R. Watts, P. Trudgill, Alternative Histories of the English Language, Routledge, 2002, p. 70
552:
of immigration to Australia from around the world has continued into the 21st century, with
7328: 7299: 7221: 7058: 7028: 6964: 6919: 6632: 6627: 6595: 6580: 6436: 6293: 6273: 6219: 6177: 6152: 6142: 6077: 5992: 5967: 5942: 5930: 5900: 5892: 5786: 5729: 5670: 5640: 5520: 5480: 5453: 5378: 5373: 5312: 5292: 5272: 5252: 4236: 2735:"Population of the UK by country of birth and nationality - Office for National Statistics" 2446: 2441: 2436: 2426: 2406: 2401: 1660: 1643: 1626: 1524: 1336:
have been identified across the continent, distinguished by unique names designating their
1208: 1160: 965: 917: 908: 763: 673: 616: 533: 498: 6346: 4027:
G. Leitner, Australia's Many Voices: Australian English—The National Language, 2004, p. 79
3855:
J. Jupp, From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration, 2007, p. 16
3341:. Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs. 2005. Archived from 8: 7249: 7191: 7023: 6986: 6716: 6363: 6298: 6268: 6259: 6254: 6172: 6157: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6087: 6082: 6047: 6032: 6027: 6002: 5972: 5957: 5947: 5915: 5910: 5811: 5806: 5749: 5675: 5623: 5574: 5547: 5513: 5438: 5408: 5352: 5347: 5219: 2614: 2505:
The ABS gives the following "Explanatory Information" regarding census interpretation of
1901: 1822: 1776: 1592: 1490: 1454: 1216: 1168: 1141: 1097: 1028: 1014: 957: 894: 876: 834: 759: 502: 486: 362: 85: 4240: 2702: 1079: 1031:
are Australians of Italian ancestry, and comprise the largest non Anglo-Celtic European
791: 7351: 7309: 7284: 7269: 7259: 7254: 7244: 7211: 7114: 7018: 6622: 6617: 6368: 6358: 6319: 6234: 6207: 6202: 6182: 6092: 6072: 6062: 6007: 5997: 5982: 5816: 5801: 5739: 5734: 5690: 5680: 5650: 5628: 5508: 5503: 5287: 4267: 4224: 3510: 1761: 1757: 1750:
Although Australia has no official language, English has always been entrenched as the
1694: 1677: 1473: 1238: 1133: 1041: 989: 864: 846: 840: 819: 677: 572: 506: 318: 6385:
Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016
4897:"2001 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 4450:"2021 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 4289: 4198: 3201: 7239: 6981: 6197: 6162: 6012: 5987: 5977: 5935: 5925: 5920: 5875: 5865: 5850: 5838: 5685: 5606: 5579: 5557: 5495: 5418: 5105: 5086: 5067: 4685: 4392: 4370: 4346: 4272: 4088: 4008: 3983: 3958: 3933: 3535: 3514: 2673: 1917: 1792:
population, reported that they spoke an Indigenous language at home. Australia has a
1728: 1200: 1149: 1137: 1070: 1065: 1018: 993: 969: 961: 852: 783: 685: 662: 595: 553: 490: 4940:. The Australian Official Population Clock automatically updates daily at 00:00 UTC. 4776: 1262: 7356: 6790: 6137: 6112: 5855: 5083:
The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people, and their origins
5059: 4749:. Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. Archived from 4541: 4262: 4252: 4244: 4117: 3502: 2393: 1842: 1784: 1768: 1314: 1232: 1224: 1180: 1156: 1145: 1117: 1105: 1010: 982: 882: 870: 828: 734: 669: 470: 455: 392: 387: 382: 367: 347: 6263: 5000: 4937: 4679: 4181: 3529: 1772: 1049: 1045: 926: 771: 725: 646: 584: 537: 4951:"United Nations Population Division – Department of Economic and Social Affairs" 4668:"The Macquarie Dictionary", Fourth Edition. The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd, 2005. 3693:"Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article)" 2911: 2639:
Those who nominated their ancestry as "Australian Aboriginal". Does not include
528:
In the decades immediately following the Second World War, Australia received a
7234: 4481: 3982:. Insight Guides (6th; updated ed.). APA Insight Guides. pp. 55, 75. 3567: 3506: 3342: 2580: 2546: 1944: 1449: 1087: 930: 799: 775: 717: 701: 650: 541: 478: 372: 247: 101: 4994:
TABLE 1.1. Population by sex, states and territories, 31 December 1788 onwards
4175:
The story of the Indian diaspora in Australia and New Zealand is 250 years old
807: 7371: 4225:"An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia" 3955:
Taming the great south land: A history of the conquest of nature in Australia
2795:"2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights (updated) | Stats NZ" 2704:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division
1889: 1793: 1655: 1352: 1310: 1270: 1242: 998: 953: 119: 4290:
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (22 September 2011).
4248: 4045:
J. Abowd, R. Freeman, Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market, 2007, p. 386
3930:
A history of early childhood education in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
4276: 3228:"Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG)" 1845:
has led to the growth of non-Christian religions, the largest of which are
1830: 1553: 1371: 1032: 1022: 709: 693: 661:
in 1973, immigrants to Australia have come from around the world, and from
521:
increased steadily, with an explosion of population in the 1850s following
451: 5138: 3891:
J. Jupp, The English in Australia, Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 27
3051:"Numbers of Australians Overseas in 2001 by Region - Southern Cross Group" 1358:
At the 2021 census, 3.2% of the Australian population identified as being
7304: 1904:. In 2015, 2.15% of the Australian population lived overseas, one of the 1689: 1519: 1502: 1306: 1002: 654: 634: 544:
than in previous decades. Since the late 1970s, following the end of the
439: 435: 191: 137: 4976:
TABLE 2. Population by sex, states and territories, 30 June 1901 onwards
4257: 4005:
The imaginary Australian: Anglo-Celts and identity, 1788 to the present
1833:(43.9% of the population). The largest Christian denominations are the 1344: 1227:), as well as in regional towns associated with the goldfields such as 1184: 1113: 1075: 1013:, large numbers of continental Europeans immigrated to Australia, with 787: 689: 419: 3531:
To Constitute a Nation: A Cultural History of Australia's Constitution
2988: 6424: 6393: 2588: 2554: 2515:
Census of Population and Housing: Census Dictionary (cat. no. 2901.0)
1908:
worldwide. This ratio is much lower than many other countries in the
1780: 1706: 1604: 1419: 1204: 1192: 1188: 1121: 1083: 795: 443: 357: 209: 1100:
are Australians of Chinese ancestry, forming the single largest non
3021:"在留外国人統計(旧登録外国人統計) 在留外国人統計 月次 2019年12月 | ファイル | 統計データを探す" 2958:"Ausländische Bevölkerung Ergebnisse des Ausländerzentralregisters" 1854: 1850: 1825:. At the 2021 Census, 38.9% of the population identified as having 1752: 1621: 1570: 1337: 1322: 1212: 952:, Australians whose ancestors originate wholly or partially in the 755: 301: 2712:, UN database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2019; spreadsheet file: XLSX, 4865: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4549: 1873: 1862: 1858: 1672: 1536: 1109: 1001:, and 6 percent were of European origin, mainly from Germany and 973: 697: 696:
as the dominant religion, and the popularity of sports including
482: 229: 155: 5127: 4801: 4774: 4118:"09/06/1837-16/10/1837: Solway [Hamburg to Nepean Bay]" 3121: 2584: 2579:
In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source,
2550: 2545:
In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source,
1881: 1797: 1723: 1251: 1228: 1196: 1129: 705: 509:
during the 19th century. Many early settlements were initially
352: 330: 283: 173: 4856: 3801:"Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article)" 1313:
Islands, which are at the northernmost tip of Queensland near
418:
and other denominations), various non-Christian religions and
4606:
1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney
2592: 2558: 1885: 1846: 1638: 1587: 1485: 1468: 1247: 1220: 1125: 948:
The largest statistical grouping of European Australians are
494: 473:, the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from the 377: 265: 6381:
Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013
3831:"HISTORICAL RECORDS REVEAL OZ ANCESTORS OF 16 MILLION BRITS" 3687: 3685: 3683: 4834:"116. Commonwealth not to legislate in respect of religion" 3087:"Australia - Emigrantes totales 2020 | Datosmacro.com" 2850:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (25 October 2017).
4222: 1171:. From the mid-19th century, Chinese dubbed Australia the 1108:
people, forming the largest Overseas Chinese community in
754:, but asks each Australian resident to nominate up to two 3680: 3199: 2989:
National Bureau of Statistics of China (29 April 2011).
4720:. Australian Geographic. 19 August 2011. Archived from 4389:
Lying for the Admiralty:Captain Cook's Endeavour Voyage
1343:
In 1770, fearing he had been pre-empted by the French,
3521: 3097: 1910:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
583:. Since 1788, Australian culture has primarily been a 5053: 4312: 3957:. North Sydney, NSW: Allen & Unwin. p. 140. 3456: 3362: 3360: 3167: 3141: 2825:"AsiaLIFE HCMC February 2013: Australians in Vietnam" 1340:
languages, dialects, or distinctive speech patterns.
4804:"Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)" 2849: 2526:
Only countries with 100,000 or more are listed here.
2383: 26:
This article is about the peoples of Australia. For
5026:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 20 August 2007. 4662: 4405: 3339:"The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy" 2952: 1297:are descendants of the original inhabitants of the 501:), although there was significant immigration from 5020:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population" 4747:"National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005" 4413:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population" 3357: 1112:, and are the largest Asian-Australian community. 4802:Australian Bureau of Statistics (9 August 2016). 4602:"Pluralist Nations: Pluralist Language Policies?" 4540: 4444: 4442: 4223:Rasmussen, Morten; et al. (7 October 2011). 3175:"Religion in Australia: 2016 CENSUS DATA SUMMARY" 1876:framework developed in Aboriginal Australia, the 1829:, up from 15.5% in 2001. The largest religion is 7369: 4391:. Sydney: Rosenberg. pp. 180–189, 190–196. 3574: 1155:More recent Chinese migrants include those from 5012: 3307: 3305: 3303: 442:and individuals associated with the country of 4775:Australian Bureau of Statistics (4 May 2010). 4643:. National Museum of Australia. Archived from 4439: 3450: 3149:"Religion in Australia, 2016: Feature article" 2912:"Main Tables | 2016 Population By-census" 469:Between European colonisation in 1788 and the 6409: 5154: 4810:. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. 4779:. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. 4474: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3115: 2674:"Australian Demographic Statistics, Sep 2019" 641:. Large-scale immigration occurred following 16:"Aussie" redirects here. For other uses, see 5100:Teo, Hsu-Ming; White, Richard, eds. (2003). 4510:"Indigenous health gap closes by five years" 4507: 4315:"Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout" 4306: 3527: 3300: 2696: 1841:(9.8%). Multicultural immigration since the 1319:indigenous inhabitants of mainland Australia 66: 5168: 4871:"2021 Census Community Profiles: Australia" 4671: 4386: 3740:"2021 Census Community Profiles: Australia" 1325:, along with some of the adjacent islands. 6416: 6402: 5161: 5147: 5064:The Oxford Companion to Australian History 3794: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3645: 3614: 3534:. Cambridge University Press. p. 13. 2680:. June 2023. Catalogue number - 3101.0 -. 2587:and the Special Administrative Regions of 2553:and the Special Administrative Regions of 1928:The data in the table is sourced from the 977:Australian settlers came from London, the 536:, with many more immigrants arriving from 466:for 30 percent of the population in 2019. 4610:Department of Immigration and Citizenship 4266: 4256: 4080: 3788: 1257: 5099: 4741: 4739: 4718:"A mission to save indigenous languages" 4594: 4168: 4081:Cresciani, Gianfranco (27 August 2003). 3996: 3927: 3468: 3444: 1923: 1814:Australia has no official religion; its 1269: 1261: 4677: 4197:. Australian Government. Archived from 3723: 3596:"Understanding and using Ancestry data" 3107:. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Archived from 2467:Australians in the United Arab Emirates 1054:British colonisation of South Australia 902: 7370: 6423: 5066:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 4984:. 23 May 2006. Retrieved 8 March 2008. 4638:"The Vocabulary Of Australian English" 4477:"Life gap figures not black and white" 4002: 3375:Department of Home Affairs (Australia) 3001:from the original on 24 September 2015 1334:distinct Australian Aboriginal peoples 778:), 33.8% (including 29.9% Australian) 6397: 5142: 4814:from the original on 26 December 2018 4736: 4556:from the original on 19 November 2008 4283: 3952: 3932:. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 134. 3633:from the original on 13 December 2021 3492: 3238:from the original on 13 December 2021 2970:from the original on 29 November 2021 2862:from the original on 18 February 2020 2745:from the original on 26 December 2020 1399: 5384:Caribbean and West Indian Australian 5030:from the original on 12 October 2012 4931:Australian Official Population Clock 4844:from the original on 1 February 2018 4783:from the original on 17 October 2010 4369:Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra. 4313:iCommunity Newsletter (April 2012). 4302:from the original on 6 October 2014. 4128:from the original on 6 December 2019 3977: 3971: 3776:from the original on 10 January 2023 3414:from the original on 21 January 2022 3404:"Face the Facts: Cultural Diversity" 2805:from the original on 24 January 2022 2775:from the original on 28 January 2022 2462:List of prime ministers of Australia 1935: 1392:Foreign-born population of Australia 1059: 941:. Since soon after the beginning of 80:Regions with significant populations 4921:Flood, Josephine (2019). pp. 163-69 4808:2016 Census Tables : Australia 4578:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 4489:from the original on 8 January 2014 4146: 3833:. Ancestryeurope.lu. Archived from 3582:Potter v Minahan HCA 63; 7 CLR 277 3457:Davison, Hirst & Macintyre 1998 3315:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2922:from the original on 8 October 2018 2892:from the original on 8 October 2021 1377: 13: 5024:1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2002 4698:from the original on 10 April 2023 4546:"Australia hides a 'failed state'" 4475:Lunn, Stephen (26 November 2008). 4456:from the original on 29 March 2023 4417:1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2008 4007:. Sydney: UNSW Press. p. 10. 3811:from the original on 20 April 2016 3711:from the original on 20 April 2016 3697:1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995 3548:from the original on 10 April 2023 3408:Australian Human Rights Commission 3368:"2018-19 Migration Program Report" 3155:from the original on 28 March 2019 1347:changed a hilltop signal-drill on 14: 7404: 5120: 5080: 4957:from the original on 11 June 2019 4877:from the original on 28 June 2022 4635: 4582:from the original on 16 July 2022 4522:from the original on 6 March 2019 4427:from the original on 6 April 2012 3928:Prochner, Laurence Wayne (2009). 3873:from the original on 29 July 2013 3746:from the original on 28 June 2022 3668:from the original on 28 June 2022 3602:from the original on 10 July 2022 3480: 3432: 3208:from the original on 20 July 2011 2716:from the original on 9 March 2021 2422:Australians in the United Kingdom 724:, Australians had the status of " 633:in 1788, with the arrival of the 5209: 5126: 4987: 4969: 4943: 4903:from the original on 9 July 2022 3867:"Australia's penal colony roots" 3864: 3319:from the original on 2 July 2021 3031:from the original on 14 May 2021 2831:from the original on 5 June 2014 2709:International Migrant Stock 2019 2684:from the original on 25 May 2019 2386: 1837:(20% of the population) and the 1764:serves as the standard dialect. 1722: 1705: 1688: 1671: 1654: 1637: 1620: 1603: 1586: 1569: 1552: 1535: 1518: 1501: 1484: 1467: 1448: 1092:North African and Middle Eastern 804:North African and Middle Eastern 621:Immigration history of Australia 294: 276: 258: 240: 222: 202: 184: 166: 148: 130: 112: 94: 5006:Australian Bureau of Statistics 4981:Australian Bureau of Statistics 4924: 4915: 4889: 4826: 4795: 4768: 4710: 4629: 4568: 4534: 4501: 4468: 4421:Australian Bureau of Statistics 4380: 4356: 4216: 4187: 4140: 4110: 4101: 4074: 4048: 4039: 4030: 4021: 3946: 3921: 3912: 3903: 3894: 3885: 3858: 3849: 3823: 3797:Australian Bureau of Statistics 3758: 3705:Australian Bureau of Statistics 3588: 3560: 3486: 3474: 3462: 3438: 3426: 3396: 3384:from the original on 4 May 2020 3331: 3275: 3250: 3232:Australian Bureau of Statistics 3220: 3193: 3123:Australian Bureau of Statistics 3079: 3043: 3013: 2982: 2946: 2934: 2678:Australian Bureau of Statistics 2646: 2633: 2620: 2604: 2573: 2564: 2539: 2529: 2520: 2499: 1930:Australian Bureau of Statistics 1870:Australian Aboriginal mythology 1789:Indigenous Australian languages 1402:Australian Bureau of Statistics 1384:Australian Bureau of Statistics 1118:more people of Chinese ancestry 748:Australian Bureau of Statistics 676:of government drawing upon the 327:Australian Aboriginal languages 5085:. Cambridge University Press. 4684:. Cambridge University Press. 4508:Gibson, Joel (10 April 2009). 4320:. illumina Inc. Archived from 4148:"99 Grafton St (entry 602511)" 4087:. Cambridge University Press. 3200:Princeton University WordNet. 2904: 2874: 2843: 2827:. Issuu.com. 1 February 2013. 2817: 2787: 2757: 2727: 2666: 1914:intergovernmental organisation 1412:Estimated resident population 708:are evidence of a significant 71:Map of the Australian diaspora 1: 5102:Cultural history in Australia 4195:"About Australia:Our Country" 4156:. Queensland Heritage Council 4058:. Dfat.gov.au. Archived from 4056:"Netherlands country profile" 3658:"2021 Census Ancestries Data" 2659: 1895: 741: 601:Australian Aboriginal culture 587:strongly influenced by early 4153:Queensland Heritage Register 3807:. ABS Catalogue No. 1301.0. 3058:www.southern-cross-group.org 1839:Anglican Church of Australia 1309:ancestry, indigenous to the 1266:Aboriginal Australians, 1981 605:culture of the United States 7: 5389:Hispanic and Latin American 5046: 4840:. Parliament of Australia. 3795:James Jupp (January 1995). 3495:Theory, Culture and Society 2487:Australians in Saudi Arabia 2379: 1902:Australians living overseas 1803: 1739: 40:Australian (disambiguation) 10: 7409: 7383:Ethnic groups in Australia 5486:Trinidadian and Tobagonian 4184:, qz.com, 30 October 2018. 3953:Lines, William J. (1991). 3566:"Minister for Immigration 3507:10.1177/026327648300100309 1807: 1743: 1279: 1275:Australian Aboriginal flag 1167:lured many Chinese to the 1063: 906: 614: 610: 464:with immigrants accounting 25: 15: 7388:Demographics of Australia 7322: 7220: 7090: 7081: 6972: 6963: 6910: 6786:Intelligence and security 6712: 6703: 6671: 6576: 6567: 6502: 6444: 6435: 6377: 6312: 6126: 5891: 5494: 5366: 5218: 5207: 5186: 5176: 4838:Constitution of Australia 4678:Romaine, Suzanne (1991). 4515:The Sydney Morning Herald 4097:– via Google Books. 4084:The Italians in Australia 3805:Year Book Australia, 1995 3701:Commonwealth of Australia 3483:, pp. 808–812, 74–77 2412:Australian New Zealanders 1942: 1720: 1703: 1686: 1669: 1652: 1635: 1618: 1601: 1584: 1567: 1550: 1533: 1516: 1499: 1482: 1465: 1446: 1431: 1416: 1411: 1408: 1305:are a distinct people of 1195:in major cities, such as 1052:1838, not long after the 1040:of the Italian language. 750:does not collect data on 627:Colony of New South Wales 550:large and continuing wave 530:large wave of immigration 406: 401: 315: 310: 292: 274: 256: 238: 220: 200: 182: 164: 146: 128: 110: 92: 84: 79: 60: 55: 5178:Ancestral background of 4387:Cameron-Asn, M. (2018). 3105:"2011 Census QuickStats" 3091:datosmacro.expansion.com 2492: 2482:Australians in Hong Kong 2477:Australians in Singapore 1455:England, Scotland, Wales 1388:Immigration to Australia 1038:Italo-Australian dialect 950:Anglo-Celtic Australians 939:Anglo-Celtic Australians 913:Anglo-Celtic Australians 714:Anglo-Celtic Australians 668:The predominance of the 631:Kingdom of Great Britain 430:, colloquially known as 5201:Torres Strait Islanders 5170:Ancestry of Australians 4296:Imperial College London 4249:10.1126/science.1211177 4180:22 January 2022 at the 4003:Dixson, Miriam (1999). 3766:"The Australian People" 2954:Statistisches Bundesamt 2916:www.bycensus2016.gov.hk 2641:Torres Strait Islanders 2472:Australians in Pakistan 2457:Australians in Thailand 1884:era in which ancestral 1368:Torres Strait Islanders 1303:Torres Strait Islanders 1290:Torres Strait Islanders 1211:, since the 1850s) and 808:Peoples of the Americas 730:High Court of Australia 682:constitutional monarchy 657:. Since the end of the 643:a series of gold rushes 629:was established by the 577:a diversity of cultures 575:. Australia is home to 566:Torres Strait Islanders 523:a series of gold rushes 32:Torres Strait Islanders 18:Aussie (disambiguation) 7180:Indigenous Australians 6681:States and territories 5196:Aboriginal Australians 5104:. Sydney: UNSW Press. 4999:7 October 2010 at the 3978:Pike, Jeffery (2004). 2595:are listed separately. 2561:are listed separately. 2417:Australian Paraguayans 1746:Languages of Australia 1364:Aboriginal Australians 1327:Indigenous Australians 1295:Indigenous Australians 1286:Aboriginal Australians 1282:Indigenous Australians 1277: 1267: 1258:Indigenous Australians 722:Australian citizenship 659:White Australia policy 581:history of immigration 562:Aboriginal Australians 546:White Australia policy 462:immigrant population, 460:world's eighth-largest 72: 38:. For other uses, see 36:Indigenous Australians 28:Aboriginal Australians 23:Nationals of Australia 6474:Territorial evolution 4936:30 April 2020 at the 4681:Language in Australia 4362:Horton, David (1994) 4122:Passengers in History 3528:Helen Irving (1999). 2765:"Explore Census Data" 2452:Australians in Turkey 2432:Australians in Greece 1924:Historical population 1888:spirit beings formed 1835:Roman Catholic Church 1810:Religion in Australia 1273: 1265: 672:, the existence of a 70: 7393:Society of Australia 6920:Cabinet of Australia 6895:Government ministers 6663:World Heritage Sites 6469:European exploration 5135:at Wikimedia Commons 5081:Jupp, James (2001). 3629:. 18 December 2019. 3469:Teo & White 2003 3445:Teo & White 2003 3234:. 18 December 2019. 2447:Australians in Japan 2442:Australians in Italy 2437:Australians in India 2427:Australians in China 2407:Australian Canadians 2402:Australian Americans 1457:and Northern Ireland 1299:Australian continent 1209:Chinatown, Melbourne 1152:in Southern China. 966:Scottish Australians 918:European Australians 909:European Australians 903:European Australians 674:parliamentary system 617:History of Australia 515:transported convicts 6992:Gross state product 5180:Australian citizens 5133:People of Australia 4724:on 24 December 2013 4616:on 20 December 2008 4544:(8 December 2006). 4423:. 7 February 2008. 4327:on 21 November 2018 4241:2011Sci...334...94R 4201:on 27 February 2012 4124:. 22 January 2016. 4062:on 31 December 2014 3345:on 19 February 2006 3287:parlinfo.aph.gov.au 3262:parlinfo.aph.gov.au 3137:on 11 January 2022. 3111:on 6 November 2015. 2856:www12.statcan.gc.ca 1918:developed countries 1823:freedom of religion 1756:national language. 1374:"-like conditions. 1241:are Australians of 1217:Chinatown, Brisbane 1169:Australian colonies 1098:Chinese Australians 1044:are Australians of 1029:Italian Australians 1015:Italian Australians 958:English Australians 923:North-West European 812:Sub-Saharan African 768:North-West European 86:Australian diaspora 52: 7310:Australian studies 7245:Australian English 7054:Telecommunications 6890:Government leaders 6833:Political ideology 6364:South Sea Islander 3435:, pp. 796–802 1906:lowest proportions 1762:General Australian 1758:Australian English 1278: 1268: 1239:Indian Australians 1042:German Australians 943:British settlement 865:Indian Australians 825:Australian (29.9%) 678:Westminster system 579:, a result of its 573:Australian English 338:minority languages 73: 50: 7378:Australian people 7365: 7364: 7318: 7317: 7140:Human trafficking 7077: 7076: 6959: 6958: 6759:Foreign relations 6699: 6698: 6563: 6562: 6510:Asian Australians 6391: 6390: 6354:Papua New Guinean 5131:Media related to 5092:978-0-521-80789-0 5073:978-0-19-553597-6 5060:Macintyre, Stuart 5054:Davison, Graeme; 4691:978-0-521-33983-4 4542:Grattan, Michelle 3989:978-981-234-799-2 3471:, pp. 125–27 3447:, pp. 118–20 3181:on 7 January 2022 2799:www.stats.govt.nz 2376: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2264: 2263: 2159: 2158: 2054: 2053: 1787:(0.9%). Over 250 1737: 1736: 1349:Possession Island 1201:Chinatown, Sydney 1173:New Gold Mountain 1150:Pearl River Delta 1071:Asian Australians 1066:Asian Australians 1060:Asian Australians 1019:Greek Australians 970:Welsh Australians 962:Irish Australians 686:constitutionalist 639:Australian states 558:indigenous people 425: 424: 7400: 7345: 7338: 7331: 7207:Waste management 7088: 7087: 7009:Household income 6970: 6969: 6932:Governor-General 6742:Electoral system 6710: 6709: 6574: 6573: 6442: 6441: 6418: 6411: 6404: 6395: 6394: 5213: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5140: 5139: 5130: 5115: 5096: 5077: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5016: 5010: 5009:. 5 August 2008. 4991: 4985: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4947: 4941: 4928: 4922: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4867: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4755: 4743: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4675: 4669: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4650:on 20 March 2011 4649: 4642: 4633: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4612:. Archived from 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4446: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4384: 4378: 4360: 4354: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4326: 4319: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4270: 4260: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4206: 4191: 4185: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4114: 4108: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4037: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3910: 3907: 3901: 3898: 3892: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3865:Sood, Suemedha. 3862: 3856: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3736: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3689: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3654: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3623: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3598:. 28 June 2022. 3592: 3586: 3585: 3578: 3572: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3459:, pp. 98–99 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3383: 3372: 3364: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3309: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3125:(28 June 2017). 3119: 3113: 3112: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3066: 3060:. Archived from 3055: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2995:www.stats.gov.cn 2986: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2969: 2962: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2886:viewer.moj.go.kr 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2670: 2653: 2650: 2644: 2637: 2631: 2624: 2618: 2608: 2596: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2562: 2543: 2537: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2503: 2396: 2394:Australia portal 2391: 2390: 2389: 2359:2014 (estimate) 2268: 2267: 2163: 2162: 2058: 2057: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1843:Second World War 1727: 1726: 1710: 1709: 1693: 1692: 1676: 1675: 1659: 1658: 1642: 1641: 1625: 1624: 1608: 1607: 1591: 1590: 1574: 1573: 1557: 1556: 1540: 1539: 1523: 1522: 1506: 1505: 1489: 1488: 1472: 1471: 1453: 1452: 1397: 1396: 1378:Country of birth 1315:Papua New Guinea 1233:Cairns Chinatown 1225:Chinatown, Perth 1181:market gardeners 1161:Chinese dialects 1116:, Australia has 1106:Overseas Chinese 1088:South-East Asian 1084:North-East Asian 1011:Second World War 985:, and Ireland. 983:North of England 956:. This includes 931:Eastern European 800:South-East Asian 796:North-East Asian 786:(including 6.5% 776:Eastern European 735:Potter v Minahan 726:British subjects 670:English language 596:Asian Australian 471:Second World War 456:multiculturalism 300: 298: 297: 282: 280: 279: 264: 262: 261: 246: 244: 243: 228: 226: 225: 208: 206: 205: 190: 188: 187: 172: 170: 169: 154: 152: 151: 136: 134: 133: 118: 116: 115: 100: 98: 97: 88:: 577,255 (2019) 56:Total population 53: 49: 7408: 7407: 7403: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7397: 7368: 7367: 7366: 7361: 7348: 7341: 7334: 7327: 7314: 7275:Public holidays 7216: 7160:Life expectancy 7073: 6955: 6906: 6695: 6667: 6653:Protected areas 6559: 6498: 6431: 6422: 6392: 6387: 6373: 6308: 6130: 6128: 6122: 5887: 5490: 5362: 5214: 5205: 5182: 5172: 5167: 5123: 5118: 5112: 5093: 5074: 5049: 5044: 5043: 5033: 5031: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5001:Wayback Machine 4992: 4988: 4974: 4970: 4960: 4958: 4949: 4948: 4944: 4938:Wayback Machine 4929: 4925: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4895: 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3779: 3777: 3764: 3763: 3759: 3749: 3747: 3738: 3737: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3691: 3690: 3681: 3671: 3669: 3656: 3655: 3646: 3636: 3634: 3625: 3624: 3615: 3605: 3603: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3565: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3542: 3526: 3522: 3491: 3487: 3479: 3475: 3467: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3358: 3348: 3346: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3311: 3310: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3266: 3264: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3158: 3156: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3120: 3116: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3067:on 20 July 2008 3064: 3053: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3027:(in Japanese). 3019: 3018: 3014: 3004: 3002: 2987: 2983: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2960: 2951: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2895: 2893: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2778: 2776: 2769:data.census.gov 2763: 2762: 2758: 2748: 2746: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2719: 2717: 2701: 2697: 2687: 2685: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2638: 2634: 2625: 2621: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2599: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2544: 2540: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2510: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2377: 1926: 1916:with 38 member 1898: 1812: 1806: 1748: 1742: 1721: 1704: 1687: 1670: 1653: 1636: 1619: 1602: 1585: 1568: 1551: 1534: 1517: 1500: 1483: 1466: 1456: 1447: 1420:Australian-born 1409:Place of birth 1380: 1292: 1280:Main articles: 1260: 1068: 1062: 1050:South Australia 1046:German ancestry 915: 907:Main articles: 905: 900: 766:(including 46% 744: 665:in particular. 647:Southern Europe 623: 615:Main articles: 613: 585:Western culture 397: 343: 295: 293: 277: 275: 259: 257: 241: 239: 223: 221: 215: 203: 201: 185: 183: 167: 165: 149: 147: 131: 129: 113: 111: 95: 93: 74: 48: 43: 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 7406: 7396: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7359: 7354: 7347: 7346: 7339: 7332: 7324: 7323: 7320: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7226: 7224: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7183: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7091: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7071: 7069:Welfare system 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7044:Superannuation 7041: 7039:Stock exchange 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7005: 7004: 7002:Public housing 6997:Home ownership 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6973: 6967: 6961: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6944:Prime Minister 6941: 6940: 6939: 6929: 6928: 6927: 6916: 6914: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6902:Shadow Cabinet 6899: 6898: 6897: 6892: 6882: 6880:Public Service 6877: 6876: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6809: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6788: 6783: 6782: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6761: 6756: 6754:Federal budget 6751: 6750: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6713: 6707: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6677: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6586:Climate change 6583: 6577: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6515:Constitutional 6512: 6506: 6504: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6445: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6421: 6420: 6413: 6406: 6398: 6389: 6388: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6328: 6327: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6289:South Sudanese 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6216: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6134: 6132: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5939: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5926:Northern Irish 5923: 5918: 5913: 5903: 5897: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5820: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5632: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5612:Fuzhou/Hokchiu 5609: 5599: 5594: 5593: 5592: 5582: 5572: 5567: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5545: 5540: 5539: 5538: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5517: 5516: 5511: 5500: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5477: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5370: 5368: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5328:Sierra Leonean 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5184: 5183: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5166: 5165: 5158: 5151: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5122: 5121:External links 5119: 5117: 5116: 5111:978-0868405896 5110: 5097: 5091: 5078: 5072: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5011: 4986: 4968: 4942: 4923: 4914: 4888: 4855: 4825: 4794: 4767: 4756:on 9 July 2009 4735: 4709: 4690: 4670: 4661: 4636:Moore, Bruce. 4628: 4593: 4567: 4533: 4500: 4482:The Australian 4467: 4438: 4404: 4397: 4379: 4355: 4338: 4305: 4282: 4215: 4186: 4167: 4139: 4109: 4100: 4093: 4073: 4047: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4014:978-0868406657 4013: 3995: 3988: 3970: 3963: 3945: 3938: 3920: 3911: 3902: 3893: 3884: 3857: 3848: 3837:on 25 May 2017 3822: 3787: 3757: 3722: 3679: 3644: 3613: 3587: 3573: 3568:Arthur Calwell 3559: 3540: 3520: 3501:(3): 108–122. 3485: 3473: 3461: 3449: 3437: 3425: 3395: 3377:. p. 19. 3356: 3330: 3299: 3274: 3249: 3219: 3192: 3166: 3140: 3131:www.abs.gov.au 3114: 3096: 3078: 3042: 3012: 2981: 2945: 2933: 2903: 2873: 2842: 2816: 2786: 2756: 2739:www.ons.gov.uk 2726: 2695: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2645: 2632: 2619: 2602: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2581:Mainland China 2572: 2563: 2547:Mainland China 2538: 2528: 2519: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2398: 2397: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2312: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1953: 1945:Crown colonies 1934: 1925: 1922: 1897: 1894: 1808:Main article: 1805: 1802: 1744:Main article: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1514: 1513: 1510: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1405: 1379: 1376: 1259: 1256: 1189:cabinet-makers 1064:Main article: 1061: 1058: 1009:Following the 904: 901: 899: 898: 892: 886: 880: 874: 868: 862: 856: 850: 844: 838: 832: 826: 823: 816: 743: 740: 718:New Zealanders 702:rugby football 651:Eastern Europe 612: 609: 542:Eastern Europe 511:penal colonies 479:United Kingdom 423: 422: 404: 403: 399: 398: 396: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 344: 342: 341: 334: 316: 313: 312: 308: 307: 304: 290: 289: 286: 272: 271: 268: 254: 253: 250: 248:Mainland China 236: 235: 232: 218: 217: 212: 198: 197: 194: 180: 179: 176: 162: 161: 158: 144: 143: 140: 126: 125: 122: 108: 107: 106:165,000 (2021) 104: 102:United Kingdom 90: 89: 82: 81: 77: 76: 58: 57: 46: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7405: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7340: 7337: 7333: 7330: 7326: 7325: 7321: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7219: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7175:Ethnic groups 7173: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7080: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7014:Manufacturing 7012: 7010: 7007: 7003: 7000: 6999: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6962: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6945: 6942: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6933: 6930: 6926: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6909: 6903: 6900: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6868:Republicanism 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6823:National debt 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6607: 6604: 6603: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6501: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6419: 6414: 6412: 6407: 6405: 6400: 6399: 6396: 6386: 6382: 6379:according to 6376: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6342:New Zealander 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6311: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6125: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5636:East Timorese 5634: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5604: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5333:South African 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5217: 5212: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5175: 5171: 5164: 5159: 5157: 5152: 5150: 5145: 5144: 5141: 5134: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5113: 5107: 5103: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5052: 5051: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5015: 5008: 5007: 5002: 4998: 4995: 4990: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4927: 4918: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4876: 4872: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4829: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4798: 4782: 4778: 4771: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4740: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4697: 4693: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4674: 4665: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4555: 4551: 4548:. Melbourne: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4521: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4504: 4488: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4471: 4455: 4451: 4445: 4443: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4400: 4398:9780648043966 4394: 4390: 4383: 4376: 4375:0-85575-234-3 4372: 4368: 4366: 4359: 4352: 4351:0-521-35946-5 4348: 4342: 4323: 4316: 4309: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4286: 4278: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4171: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4143: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4104: 4096: 4094:9780521537780 4090: 4086: 4085: 4077: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4042: 4033: 4024: 4016: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3991: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3966: 3964:9781863730174 3960: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3939:9780774816595 3935: 3931: 3924: 3915: 3906: 3897: 3888: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3852: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3761: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3583: 3577: 3569: 3563: 3547: 3543: 3541:9780521668972 3537: 3533: 3532: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3489: 3482: 3477: 3470: 3465: 3458: 3453: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3429: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3380: 3376: 3369: 3363: 3361: 3344: 3340: 3334: 3318: 3314: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3154: 3150: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3082: 3063: 3059: 3052: 3046: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3016: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2985: 2966: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2942: 2937: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2907: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2830: 2826: 2820: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2760: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2715: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2699: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2665: 2649: 2642: 2636: 2629: 2623: 2616: 2613: 2607: 2603: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2576: 2567: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2532: 2523: 2516: 2508: 2502: 2498: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2384: 2372: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1933: 1931: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1827:"no religion" 1824: 1820: 1817: 1811: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1794:sign language 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1747: 1732: 1730: 1725: 1719: 1715: 1713: 1708: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1691: 1685: 1681: 1679: 1674: 1668: 1664: 1662: 1661:United States 1657: 1651: 1647: 1645: 1640: 1634: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1606: 1600: 1596: 1594: 1589: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1572: 1566: 1562: 1560: 1555: 1549: 1545: 1543: 1538: 1532: 1528: 1526: 1521: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1498: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1470: 1464: 1460: 1458: 1451: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1421: 1415: 1407: 1403: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1353:Torres Strait 1350: 1346: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1311:Torres Strait 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1276: 1272: 1264: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1177:Gold Mountain 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080:Central Asian 1077: 1072: 1067: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1006: 1004: 1000: 999:British Isles 995: 991: 986: 984: 980: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 954:British Isles 951: 946: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 919: 914: 910: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 851: 848: 845: 842: 839: 836: 833: 830: 827: 824: 821: 818: 817: 815: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 792:Central Asian 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 739: 737: 736: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 666: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 622: 618: 608: 606: 602: 597: 592: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 569: 567: 563: 560:, comprising 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 485:(principally 484: 480: 476: 475:British Isles 472: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 400: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 345: 339: 335: 332: 328: 324: 323: 321: 320: 314: 309: 305: 303: 291: 288:13,286 (2010) 287: 285: 273: 270:12,024 (2019) 269: 267: 255: 252:13,286 (2010) 251: 249: 237: 234:13,600 (2020) 233: 231: 219: 214:14,669 (2016) 213: 211: 199: 196:15,222 (2019) 195: 193: 181: 178:21,115 (2016) 177: 175: 163: 160:22,000 (2013) 159: 157: 145: 142:75,696 (2018) 141: 139: 127: 124:98,969 (2019) 123: 121: 120:United States 109: 105: 103: 91: 87: 83: 78: 69: 64: 59: 54: 45: 41: 37: 33: 29: 19: 7343:Bibliography 7230:Architecture 7187:Prostitution 7170:Demographics 7164: 7135:Homelessness 7034:Reserve Bank 6848:Conservatism 6796:Constitution 6764:Human rights 6722:Constitution 6673:Subdivisions 6454:Bibliography 6131:North Africa 5906:Anglo-Celtic 5459:Puerto Rican 5179: 5101: 5082: 5063: 5032:. Retrieved 5023: 5014: 5004: 4989: 4979: 4971: 4959:. Retrieved 4945: 4926: 4917: 4905:. Retrieved 4891: 4879:. Retrieved 4846:. Retrieved 4837: 4828: 4816:. Retrieved 4807: 4797: 4785:. Retrieved 4770: 4758:. Retrieved 4751:the original 4726:. Retrieved 4722:the original 4712: 4700:. Retrieved 4680: 4673: 4664: 4652:. Retrieved 4645:the original 4631: 4618:. Retrieved 4614:the original 4605: 4596: 4584:. Retrieved 4570: 4558:. Retrieved 4536: 4524:. Retrieved 4513: 4503: 4491:. Retrieved 4480: 4470: 4458:. Retrieved 4429:. Retrieved 4416: 4407: 4388: 4382: 4363: 4358: 4341: 4329:. Retrieved 4322:the original 4308: 4295: 4285: 4232: 4228: 4218: 4210: 4203:. Retrieved 4199:the original 4189: 4170: 4158:. Retrieved 4151: 4142: 4130:. Retrieved 4121: 4112: 4103: 4083: 4076: 4064:. Retrieved 4060:the original 4050: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4004: 3998: 3979: 3973: 3954: 3948: 3929: 3923: 3914: 3905: 3896: 3887: 3875:. Retrieved 3860: 3851: 3839:. Retrieved 3835:the original 3825: 3813:. 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Retrieved 2677: 2668: 2648: 2635: 2628:Anglo-Celtic 2622: 2612:Anglo-Celtic 2606: 2575: 2566: 2541: 2531: 2522: 2506: 2501: 2370: 1943: 1927: 1899: 1890:The Creation 1867: 1861:(0.8%), and 1831:Christianity 1816:Constitution 1813: 1766: 1751: 1749: 1559:South Africa 1440: 1435:foreign-born 1432: 1425: 1417: 1381: 1372:failed state 1357: 1342: 1331: 1326: 1293: 1237: 1176: 1172: 1154: 1102:Anglo-Celtic 1096: 1069: 1033:ethnic group 1027: 1007: 987: 947: 916: 745: 733: 710:Anglo-Celtic 694:Christianity 692:traditions, 667: 624: 593: 589:Anglo-Celtic 570: 532:from across 527: 468: 458:and has the 452:British race 431: 427: 426: 408:Christianity 317: 306:1,400 (2020) 63:in Australia 47:Ethnic group 44: 7305:Anglosphere 7145:Immigration 7110:Citizenship 6977:Agriculture 6863:Nationalism 6806:Enforcement 6779:Transgender 6613:Earthquakes 6601:Environment 6535:Immigration 6464:Archaeology 6325:Indo-Fijian 6193:Palestinian 6127:Middle East 6053:Montenegrin 5829:Singaporean 5666:Indo-Fijian 5531:Bangladeshi 5526:Azerbaijani 5243:Cameroonian 5056:Hirst, John 4760:5 September 4258:10072/43493 4205:9 September 3815:11 December 3672:23 December 3637:13 December 3552:15 December 3292:1 September 3242:13 December 2362:23,500,000 2351:21,507,717 2340:20,848,760 2329:19,413,240 2318:18,310,714 2307:17,284,036 2296:16,018,350 2285:14,923,260 2257:14,033,083 2246:13,067,265 2235:11,599,498 2224:10,548,267 1966:Population 1960:Population 1783:(1.2%) and 1695:South Korea 1525:Philippines 1508:New Zealand 1185:shopkeepers 1165:Gold rushes 1146:Philippines 1132:as well as 1086:, and 4.5% 1003:Scandinavia 810:, and 1.3% 798:, and 4.5% 684:, American 655:Middle East 635:First Fleet 548:in 1973, a 519:Immigration 448:citizenship 428:Australians 416:Anglicanism 412:Catholicism 340:, including 192:South Korea 138:New Zealand 61:26,518,400 51:Australians 7372:Categories 7295:Television 7265:Literature 7150:Irreligion 7130:Healthcare 7125:Euthanasia 7105:Censorship 6912:Government 6858:Liberalism 6828:Parliament 6540:Indigenous 6530:Federation 6520:Diplomatic 6494:Since 1945 6459:Prehistory 6337:Ni-Vanuatu 6068:Portuguese 6043:Macedonian 6038:Lithuanian 5953:Belarusian 5871:Vietnamese 5834:Sri Lankan 5698:Indonesian 5474:Venezuelan 5464:Salvadoran 5449:Paraguayan 5444:Panamanian 5429:Guatemalan 5424:Ecuadorian 5358:Zimbabwean 5323:Senegalese 5188:Indigenous 5034:21 October 4848:31 January 4787:7 December 4620:11 January 4560:17 October 4526:7 December 4493:7 December 4132:6 December 4066:4 February 3662:abs.gov.au 3418:21 January 3159:24 January 3035:22 January 3005:22 January 2974:22 January 2926:22 January 2896:22 January 2866:22 January 2809:22 January 2779:28 January 2749:22 January 2720:22 January 2660:References 2507:irreligion 2274:Population 2213:9,425,563 2202:8,421,775 2191:7,465,157 2180:7,109,898 2169:Population 2152:6,778,372 2141:6,526,485 2130:6,056,360 2119:5,455,136 2108:4,943,173 2097:4,489,545 2086:4,059,083 2075:3,788,123 2064:Population 2050:3,664,715 2036:2,981,677 2022:2,092,164 2008:1,539,552 1994:1,050,828 1949:Federation 1896:Population 1777:Vietnamese 1426:18,235,690 1360:Indigenous 1345:James Cook 1307:Melanesian 1193:Chinatowns 1175:after the 1159:and other 1114:Per capita 925:and 11.2% 889:Vietnamese 859:Aboriginal 770:and 11.2% 756:ancestries 742:Ancestries 690:federalist 434:, are the 420:irreligion 363:Vietnamese 336:and other 7202:Squatting 7155:Languages 7120:Education 7100:Aged care 7064:Transport 6873:Socialism 6853:Far-right 6843:Christian 6838:Anarchism 6801:Judiciary 6737:Donations 6732:Elections 6643:Mountains 6591:Continent 6569:Geography 6489:1901–1945 6484:1851–1900 6479:1788–1850 6425:Australia 6168:Jordanian 6118:Ukrainian 6058:Norwegian 6023:Icelandic 6018:Hungarian 5963:Bulgarian 5792:Pakistani 5782:Mongolian 5777:Maldivian 5755:Malaysian 5723:Sundanese 5602:Taiwanese 5590:Cantonese 5585:Hong Kong 5570:Cambodian 5543:Bhutanese 5469:Uruguayan 5414:Colombian 5404:Brazilian 5394:Argentine 5338:Tanzanian 5308:Mauritian 5258:Ethiopian 5248:Congolese 5238:Burundian 4431:3 January 3980:Australia 3770:study.com 3515:144339300 3267:13 August 3025:政府統計の総合窓口 2688:7 January 2630:ancestry. 2617:ancestry. 2589:Hong Kong 2555:Hong Kong 2277:% change 2172:% change 2067:% change 1819:prohibits 1796:known as 1781:Cantonese 1712:Hong Kong 1610:Sri Lanka 1441:7,502,450 1338:ancestral 1205:Melbourne 1142:Singapore 1134:Indonesia 1122:Hong Kong 994:Southeast 990:Southwest 513:to house 444:Australia 440:nationals 358:Cantonese 311:Languages 210:Hong Kong 7352:Category 7197:Religion 7095:Abortion 7049:Taxation 6818:Monarchy 6813:Military 6769:Intersex 6705:Politics 6686:Capitals 6550:Monarchy 6545:Military 6525:Economic 6503:By topic 6449:Timeline 6429:articles 6294:Sudanese 6274:Mandaean 6240:Chaldean 6220:Assyrian 6213:Tunisian 6188:Moroccan 6178:Lebanese 6153:Egyptian 6148:Bahraini 6143:Algerian 6078:Romanian 5993:Estonian 5968:Croatian 5943:Austrian 5931:Scottish 5901:Albanian 5760:Bruneian 5730:Japanese 5718:Madurese 5713:Javanese 5708:Balinese 5703:Acehnese 5671:Malayali 5661:Gujarati 5646:Georgian 5641:Filipino 5521:Armenian 5481:Jamaican 5454:Peruvian 5434:Honduran 5399:Bolivian 5379:Canadian 5374:American 5367:Americas 5343:Togolese 5313:Nigerian 5298:Malawian 5293:Liberian 5273:Ghanaian 5263:Gabonese 5253:Eritrean 5233:Beninese 5062:(1998). 5047:Citation 5028:Archived 4997:Archived 4955:Archived 4934:Archived 4901:Archived 4875:Archived 4842:Archived 4812:Archived 4781:Archived 4728:18 March 4696:Archived 4586:26 April 4580:Archived 4554:Archived 4520:Archived 4487:Archived 4454:Archived 4425:Archived 4331:26 April 4300:Archived 4277:21940856 4178:Archived 4126:Archived 3871:Archived 3841:24 April 3809:Archived 3780:10 April 3774:Archived 3744:Archived 3709:Archived 3666:Archived 3631:Archived 3600:Archived 3546:Archived 3412:Archived 3379:Archived 3317:Archived 3236:Archived 3206:Archived 3202:"Aussie" 3153:Archived 3029:Archived 2999:Archived 2965:Archived 2920:Archived 2890:Archived 2860:Archived 2829:Archived 2803:Archived 2773:Archived 2743:Archived 2714:archived 2706:(2019), 2682:Archived 2615:European 2380:See also 2044:151,868 1980:332,328 1878:Dreaming 1872:and the 1865:(0.4%). 1857:(2.4%), 1855:Buddhism 1853:(2.7%), 1851:Hinduism 1849:(3.2%), 1804:Religion 1779:(1.3%), 1775:(1.4%), 1771:(2.7%), 1769:Mandarin 1753:de facto 1740:Language 1733:100,650 1716:104,990 1699:106,560 1682:107,940 1665:109,450 1648:129,870 1631:130,060 1627:Scotland 1614:145,790 1597:171,520 1580:172,250 1576:Malaysia 1563:201,930 1546:268,170 1529:310,620 1512:559,980 1495:595,630 1478:710,380 1461:967,390 1400:Source: 1323:Tasmania 1213:Brisbane 1157:Mandarin 1144:and the 1138:Malaysia 1076:Southern 981:and the 979:Midlands 935:Oceanian 927:Southern 895:Lebanese 877:Filipino 835:Scottish 802:), 3.2% 788:Southern 782:, 17.4% 780:Oceanian 772:Southern 764:European 653:and The 538:Southern 499:Scotland 436:citizens 402:Religion 348:Mandarin 302:Portugal 7329:Outline 7300:Theatre 7290:Symbols 7255:Cuisine 7222:Culture 7083:Society 7059:Tourism 7029:Poverty 6965:Economy 6747:Parties 6648:Regions 6638:Islands 6633:Geology 6628:Forests 6596:Deserts 6581:Climate 6555:Railway 6437:History 6313:Oceania 6299:Turkish 6269:Kurdish 6260:Israeli 6255:Iranian 6173:Kuwaiti 6158:Emirati 6108:Swedish 6103:Spanish 6098:Slovene 6088:Serbian 6083:Russian 6048:Maltese 6033:Latvian 6028:Italian 6003:Finnish 5973:Cypriot 5958:Bosnian 5948:Belgian 5916:English 5911:Cornish 5861:Turkmen 5812:Punjabi 5807:Pashtun 5765:Kadazan 5750:Laotian 5676:Punjabi 5656:Bengali 5624:Tibetan 5575:Chinese 5548:Burmese 5536:Bengali 5514:Pashtun 5439:Mexican 5409:Chilean 5353:Zambian 5348:Ugandan 5318:Rwandan 5283:Ivorian 5278:Guinean 5268:Gambian 5228:Angolan 4907:10 July 4881:10 July 4702:10 July 4654:5 April 4550:The Age 4460:10 July 4268:3991479 4237:Bibcode 4229:Science 3877:4 April 3869:. 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Index

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