1028:
530:
912:
1140:
1077:
919:
1042:
382:
1092:
1108:
898:
867:
846:
499:
Cross) ensigned with an
Imperial Crown proper; the third of the first a Maltese Cross of the fourth, surmounted by a like Imperial Crown; the fourth of the third, on a Perch wreathed Vert and Gules an Australian Piping Shrike displayed also proper; the fifth also Or a Swan naiant to the sinister Sable; the last of the first, a Lion passant of the second, the whole within a Bordure Ermine; for the Crest on a Wreath Or and Azure A Seven-pointed Star Or, and for Supporters dexter a Kangaroo, sinister an Emu, both proper.
972:
1124:
53:
860:
693:
446:
39:
853:
1056:
905:
426:
359:
774:
Senators and
Federal Members of the Australian Parliament may also use the Arms in the course of their duties as Parliamentarians. The coat of arms should never be used where it could wrongly imply a formal guarantee, sponsorship or endorsement by the Commonwealth. Use of the arms by private citizens or organisations is rarely permitted; however, there are provisions for use by sporting bodies and in educational publications. Use of the coat of arms without permission may breach the
405:
2450:
986:
466:
1162:
1014:
958:
636:
668:
813:
The coat of arms has appeared on
Australian coinage since the coins for the Australian pound were minted in the early 20th century. Until 1936, the 1908 coat of arms featured on the reverse of all silver coins in regular circulation(3d, 6d, 1'/, 2'/). After 1936, the current coat of arms was featured
712:
on the shield. The new coat of arms removed the bed of grass beneath the shield and changed the scroll to read simply "Australia". The colours in the wreath were also changed from blue and white to blue and gold. A background of two sprays of golden wattle was added, but it has never been an official
773:
The
Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the formal symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia that signifies Commonwealth authority and ownership. The Arms are used by Australian Government departments and agencies, statutory and non-statutory authorities, the Parliament and Commonwealth courts and tribunals.
319:
Australian animals large enough to be positioned together in scale holding up the shield. They symbolise progress and the nation moving forward as neither animal can easily walk backwards. Director of the
Parliament House Art Collection, Justine Van Mourik has claimed that the kangaroo is, and must
509:
Azure on an
Inescutcheon Argent upon a Cross of St. George cottised of the field five six pointed Stars of the second (representing the Constellation of the Southern Cross) all within an Orle of Inescutcheons of the second, each charged with a Chevron Gules, And for the Crest on the wreath of the
498:
Quarterly of six, the first quarter Argent a Cross Gules charged with a Lion passant guardant between on each limb a Mullet of eight points Or; the second Azure five
Mullets, one of eight, two of seven, one of six and one of five points of the first (representing the Constellation of the Southern
651:
using its foot to help the kangaroo to support the shield, all on a bed of green grass with a scroll containing the motto "Advance
Australia". The selection of the kangaroo, the emu and the words, "Advance Australia" were tied together symbolically. The shield had a white background, with a red
335:, though the representation of the species is not botanically accurate. At the bottom is a scroll that contains the name of the nation. While almost always depicted, these elements are technically optional artistic flourishes as they are not described in the royal warrant for the arms.
580:
Azure on an
Inescutcheon Argent upon a Cross of St. George cottised of the field five six pointed Stars of the second (representing the Constellation of the Southern Cross) all within an Orle of Inescutcheons of the second, each charged with a Chevron
687:
The emu and kangaroo are so built that they hardly fit into the heraldic atmosphere, and I think we make ourselves ridiculous when we endeavour to carry on the traditions of the Old World with some of the wild creations of our
Australian
832:
Australians are sometimes erroneously claimed to be the only people who eat the animals on their coat of arms, and the combination of both kangaroo and emu meat in a single dish such as pie or pizza is known as the Coat of Arms.
703:
Despite objections, the kangaroo and emu now not having its leg up remained the shield bearers in the new coat of arms and were modified to appear more realistic. The principal reason for the redesign was the concern that
1855:
814:
on the reverse of the Florin (2'/), while the 1908 arms remained on the sixpence (6d). Since decimalisation in 1966, the current coat of arms has featured on the reverse of both variants of the 50-cent coin.
284:. Six of the points on the star represent the original six states, while the seventh point represents the combined territories and any future states of Australia. In its entirety the shield represents the
664:
to represent British and Irish settlers. These arms were used by the government and appeared on the sixpence coin from 1910 until 1963, and the threepence, shilling and florin from 1910 to 1936.
1727:
1000:
751:) to consider a redesign of the arms. While not wishing to change the major elements, the government "was anxious" to add a crown and remove the golden wattle (for ease of reproduction).
510:
Colours A seven pointed star Or—And for supporters On a compartment of grass to the dexter, a Kangaroo, to the sinster an Emu both proper, together with the motto "Advance Australia".
3061:
2300:
660:
featuring a red chevron on white, representing the six states. The Scottish Patriotic Association was vocally opposed to the shield's design, noting that it should display the
1847:
675:
The 1908 arms were redesigned in 1911, and officially granted by George V on 19 September 1912. The redesign spurred much debate in Parliament. The member of Parliament for
1685:
1251:
829:). A more stylised version is used as a badge of rank for Warrant Officer of the Navy, Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army and Warrant Officer of the Air Force.
788:
628:, the first official coat of arms of Australia was granted by King Edward VII on 7 May 1908. The original design is thought to have been inspired by the 1805
1290:
3078:
1991:
740:
2184:
2156:
1886:
2082:
2021:
1492:
936:
1950:
2959:
1708:
1381:
1527:
2964:
3229:
2330:
1139:
2295:
1643:
818:
2485:
2405:
1223:
2732:
2410:
307:
have never been designated as official animal emblems of the nation. They owe their unofficial recognition to the fact that they are
2378:
1984:
1576:
1091:
17:
1917:
1107:
3457:
3006:
2816:
2624:
2538:
2149:
2031:
1661:
1790:
2902:
2742:
1721:
1599:
1677:
1545:
3487:
3018:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2335:
2199:
1621:
1257:
879:
241:
is the focal point of the coat of arms, contained within is the badge of each Australian state, the whole surrounded by an
713:
part of the armorial bearings, although later golden wattle was proclaimed Australia's national flower on 19 August 1988.
3467:
3405:
3349:
3244:
2750:
2584:
2498:
1977:
1076:
803:
705:
1824:
1317:
3472:
3412:
2543:
2523:
1959:
941:
190:. It depicts a shield, containing symbols of Australia's six states, and is held up by native Australian animals, the
3482:
3477:
3462:
3447:
2954:
2855:
2755:
2675:
2609:
2436:
2345:
2142:
2056:
1438:
1408:
926:
799:
There is a full colour version and nine heraldically correct official versions exist for single-colour reproduction.
776:
729:
1756:
1027:
2682:
2619:
2604:
2305:
2290:
2262:
2219:
2051:
721:
1282:
3452:
3123:
2922:
2912:
2848:
2589:
2563:
2229:
2041:
2026:
1083:
889:
874:
725:
221:
on 19 September 1912, although the 1908 version continued to be used in some contexts, notably appearing on the
3209:
3108:
2828:
2806:
2712:
2518:
2478:
2325:
2285:
2123:
1626:
1848:"Kangaroo: A Love-Hate Story Examines Australians' Relationship With the National Icon They Both Love and Eat"
3359:
3276:
3152:
3001:
2994:
2865:
2811:
2614:
2594:
2320:
1497:
1460:
1417:
1180:
1146:
1123:
3344:
3138:
2875:
2838:
2717:
2707:
2579:
2431:
2371:
1878:
1455:
3113:
3071:
3066:
3013:
2760:
2727:
2655:
2209:
761:
752:
643:
It consisted of a shield in the centre, the seven pointed star on a wreath as the crest above it, and a
3179:
3083:
2937:
2892:
2796:
2415:
2036:
1947:
1812:
884:
697:
387:
3299:
3256:
3204:
3103:
2949:
2917:
2833:
2823:
2791:
2471:
2097:
1511:
1377:
977:
680:
187:
1041:
3214:
3199:
3046:
2882:
2843:
2670:
2194:
2077:
2072:
2046:
1519:
1114:
1098:
1033:
1019:
991:
931:
911:
1249:
3364:
3239:
3219:
3194:
3174:
2927:
2897:
2722:
2599:
2528:
2364:
2340:
2244:
1640:
807:
717:
625:
285:
529:
3271:
3249:
3224:
3189:
3169:
3133:
2971:
2942:
2932:
2907:
2870:
2801:
2638:
2533:
2315:
2239:
2107:
2092:
2087:
1061:
1047:
963:
782:
756:
603:
153:
971:
826:
3334:
3266:
3164:
3118:
2981:
2887:
2774:
2660:
2391:
2234:
2224:
2214:
2204:
2102:
1778:
1219:
1130:
1005:
822:
676:
321:
304:
300:
238:
226:
57:
3398:
3369:
3291:
3128:
3098:
3034:
2989:
2702:
2697:
2665:
2650:
2506:
2310:
2267:
2189:
1941:
1211:
653:
375:
365:
316:
253:
8:
3319:
3261:
3093:
3056:
2786:
2165:
1185:
918:
222:
137:
129:
1055:
3421:
3379:
3354:
3339:
3329:
3324:
3314:
3281:
3184:
3088:
2692:
2687:
736:
315:(found only on that continent), and likely chosen because they are the most well-known
1568:
3309:
3051:
1909:
1717:
1434:
1175:
755:
MP also suggested that the arms be reissued as a version of the royal arms, like the
575:
558:
439:
273:
265:
242:
199:
145:
110:
84:
1658:
1496:. No. 10, 423. New South Wales, Australia. 4 April 1908. p. 7 – via
897:
3426:
2860:
2356:
1782:
1404:"Warrant Granting Armorial Ensigns and Supporters to the Commonwealth of Australia"
1167:
985:
553:
281:
102:
78:
1591:
866:
845:
493:
on 19 September 1912, that officially granted the arms. The blazon is as follows:
381:
2454:
1963:
1954:
1744:
1665:
1647:
1541:
1474:
1459:. No. 9097. New South Wales, Australia. 27 July 1908. p. 8 – via
1325:
472:
419:
352:
261:
249:
1910:"A Half Kangaroo, Half Emu Pizza Is A Unique and Delicious Reality In Australia"
1013:
3304:
1960:
Online Exhibition commemorating the Centenary of the NSW Coat of Arms 1906–2006
1351:
744:
709:
692:
632:, which showed the rose, shamrock and thistle supported by a kangaroo and emu.
391:
1487:
1450:
1403:
957:
172:
none, the name of the country is written on a scroll in commonly used versions
52:
3441:
2387:
1969:
1816:
1347:
859:
708:
were not individually represented; that was achieved by showing each state's
445:
432:
411:
332:
328:
207:
203:
159:
88:
38:
1515:
1250:
Australian Government Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (2014).
904:
852:
657:
591:
425:
358:
292:
133:
999:
3374:
3234:
1748:
1520:"House of Representatives: 31 October 1912: 4th Parliament · 3rd Session"
806:, and since 1973 a slightly modified version has formed the basis of the
748:
629:
1706:
817:
The coat of arms is used as badge of rank for Warrant Officers Class 1 (
792:. The import of goods bearing the arms is also illegal according to the
202:
surmounting the crest also represents the states and territories, while
759:
of 1921, to accord with Australia's greater independence following the
661:
452:
398:
257:
214:
2134:
404:
2494:
2463:
586:
320:
be seen to be, male, and this requirement led to a interpretation by
124:
465:
644:
490:
459:
308:
269:
218:
191:
1966:, was also involved in the creation of the Australian Coat of Arms
635:
656:, blue lines outside the cross, and a blue border containing six
248:
In the top half, from left to right, the states represented are
486:
716:
The use of each state's badge had been a feature of the first
667:
1413:
613:
565:
312:
167:
96:
1630:. 1954–1956. pp. 84–85, 97. NAA: A463, 1956/219 PART 2.
671:
Bowman Flag 1806 depicts the emu and kangaroo as supporters.
724:; according to Charles R. Wylie, badges were used because
1324:. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from
648:
595:
324:
of the coat of arms for Parliament house to be rejected.
296:
195:
141:
1641:
Use of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms General Guidelines
1412:. No. 39. 8 August 1908. p. 1181 – via
720:, introduced on 21 January 1904, where they surrounded
504:
The following is the blazon for the 1908 coat of arms:
489:
of the Commonwealth was included in a royal warrant of
1811:
1678:"Her Majesty the Queen's Personal Flag for Australia"
1431:
The Armorial Ensigns of the Commonwealth of Australia
2386:
1253:
Commonwealth Coat of Arms information and Guidelines
1157:
802:
The coat of arms was the basis of Queen Elizabeth's
1283:"National symbols - Parliamentary Education Office"
245:border representing the federation of the states.
162:is depicted in its place in commonly used versions
1777:
1707:Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (2022).
3439:
1948:Papers relating to the Commonwealth Coat of Arms
1622:"Commonwealth Coat of Arms - Proposed redesign"
1999:
2479:
2372:
2150:
1985:
1876:
1566:
1493:Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate
1245:
1243:
1241:
1216:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
1743:
2486:
2472:
2379:
2365:
2157:
2143:
1992:
1978:
1659:It's an Honour – Commonwealth Coat of Arms
1238:
280:above a blue and gold wreath, forming the
260:. In the bottom half, from left to right:
217:on 7 May 1908, and the current version by
1716:. Commonwealth of Australia. p. 21.
836:
337:
794:Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations
691:
666:
634:
272:. Above the shield is the seven-pointed
2164:
1845:
1544:. Australian National Botanic Gardens.
14:
3440:
2493:
1962:The designer of the NSW Coat of Arms,
1942:Official website with more information
1688:from the original on 27 September 2023
1312:
1310:
1308:
2467:
2360:
2138:
1973:
1579:from the original on 14 November 2019
1510:
1907:
1783:"Ranks of the Royal Australian Navy"
1759:from the original on 15 October 2023
1602:from the original on 15 October 2019
1384:from the original on 4 December 2014
1293:from the original on 7 February 2023
1277:
1275:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1883:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1877:Chapman-Scott, Dale (9 July 2010).
1846:Withers, Rachel (26 January 2018).
1548:from the original on 18 August 2010
1305:
739:engaged several artists (including
696:An 1899 suggested version, and the
523:Commonwealth Coat of Arms 1908–1912
24:
1879:"Coat of arms pie with bunya nuts"
1827:from the original on 30 March 2023
213:The first arms were authorised by
25:
3499:
1935:
1733:from the original on 17 May 2023.
1530:from the original on 7 June 2023.
1409:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
1346:
1272:
1226:from the original on 30 July 2020
1197:
777:Competition and Consumer Act 2010
327:In the background is a wreath of
2448:
1946:National Archives of Australia.
1793:from the original on 7 June 2023
1567:Flinders Barr (1 October 1932).
1433:1980. Commonwealth of Australia
1358:. Episode 2. 26 minutes in. ABC
1160:
1138:
1122:
1106:
1090:
1075:
1054:
1040:
1026:
1012:
998:
984:
970:
956:
917:
910:
903:
896:
865:
858:
851:
844:
732:did not yet have coats of arms.
528:
464:
444:
424:
403:
380:
357:
51:
37:
1920:from the original on 4 May 2024
1901:
1889:from the original on 4 May 2024
1870:
1858:from the original on 4 May 2024
1839:
1805:
1771:
1737:
1700:
1670:
1652:
1634:
1614:
1560:
1534:
1504:
1480:
1467:
2185:Federated States of Micronesia
1627:National Archives of Australia
1443:
1424:
1396:
1370:
1340:
13:
1:
3458:National symbols of Australia
1587:– via trove.nla.gov.au.
1542:"Floral Emblems of Australia"
1498:National Library of Australia
1461:National Library of Australia
1418:National Library of Australia
1191:
1181:National colours of Australia
1147:coins of the Australian pound
2022:Australian Capital Territory
1598:. University of Queensland.
1356:The House With Annabel Crabb
937:Australian Capital Territory
210:, appears below the shield.
186:, is a formal symbol of the
7:
3488:National emblems with birds
1908:Pham, Peter (17 May 2019).
1477:to Atlee Hunt, 10 July 1908
1212:"Commonwealth Coat of Arms"
1153:
840:
762:Statute of Westminster 1931
116:
10:
3504:
3468:Coats of arms with crosses
2000:Coats of arms of Australia
1813:Royal Australian Air Force
1488:"Australia's Coat of Arms"
1451:"Australia's Coat of Arms"
698:Australian Federation Flag
515:
3473:Coats of arms with crowns
3392:
3290:
3160:
3151:
3042:
3033:
2980:
2856:Intelligence and security
2782:
2773:
2741:
2646:
2637:
2572:
2514:
2505:
2445:
2424:
2398:
2276:
2253:
2172:
2116:
2065:
2014:
2008:Commonwealth of Australia
2005:
1378:"Australian Coat of Arms"
949:
864:
857:
850:
843:
612:
602:
585:
574:
564:
552:
544:
536:
527:
522:
480:
346:
343:
340:
232:
188:Commonwealth of Australia
184:Commonwealth Coat of Arms
180:coat of arms of Australia
166:
152:
123:
109:
95:
77:
69:
65:
50:
45:
36:
32:Commonwealth Coat of Arms
31:
3483:Coats of arms with stars
3478:Coats of arms with lions
3463:Coats of arms with birds
3448:Australian coats of arms
2331:Northern Mariana Islands
1068:
804:Personal Australian Flag
786:or section 39(2) of the
331:, the official national
87:: A seven-pointed star,
2296:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
821:) and Warrant Officer (
808:Great Seal of Australia
780:, section 145.1 of the
718:Great Seal of Australia
626:federation of Australia
286:federation of Australia
18:Australian coat of arms
3453:National coats of arms
3250:Indigenous Australians
2751:States and territories
2425:National coats of arms
2015:States and territories
1953:21 August 2008 at the
837:States and territories
783:Criminal Code Act 1995
768:
700:
690:
672:
640:
513:
502:
414:and St Edward's Crown
2544:Territorial evolution
2437:Dependent territories
2411:Dependent territories
2279:and other territories
1779:Royal Australian Navy
1682:Royal Australian Navy
1573:Sydney Morning Herald
1220:Australian Government
695:
685:
670:
654:cross of Saint George
638:
506:
495:
2990:Cabinet of Australia
2965:Government ministers
2733:World Heritage Sites
2539:European exploration
2117:External territories
1664:15 June 2006 at the
1646:19 July 2008 at the
1328:on 28 September 2011
789:Trade Marks Act 1995
639:Original Bowman flag
198:. The seven-pointed
3062:Gross state product
2455:Heraldry portal
2166:Armorial of Oceania
1514:(31 October 1912).
1456:The Daily Telegraph
1380:. WorldWideWattle.
1186:Australian heraldry
757:Canadian royal arms
608:Grassy field proper
366:cross of St. George
3380:Australian studies
3315:Australian English
3124:Telecommunications
2960:Government leaders
2903:Political ideology
2032:Northern Territory
1710:Australian Symbols
1084:round 50 cent coin
942:Northern Territory
737:Menzies government
706:Australia's states
701:
673:
641:
278:Star of Federation
3435:
3434:
3388:
3387:
3210:Human trafficking
3147:
3146:
3029:
3028:
2829:Foreign relations
2769:
2768:
2633:
2632:
2580:Asian Australians
2461:
2460:
2354:
2353:
2346:Wallis and Futuna
2254:Associated states
2132:
2131:
2057:Western Australia
1723:978-0-642-47131-4
1176:Flag of Australia
1115:Australian Florin
1099:Australian Florin
947:
946:
927:Western Australia
741:Alistair Morrison
730:Western Australia
722:the UK Royal Arms
622:
621:
618:Advance Australia
559:Commonwealth Star
548:19 September 1912
478:
477:
440:Western Australia
388:St Edward's Crown
274:Commonwealth Star
266:Western Australia
200:Commonwealth Star
182:, officially the
176:
175:
148:(natural colours)
85:Commonwealth Star
73:19 September 1912
16:(Redirected from
3495:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3277:Waste management
3158:
3157:
3079:Household income
3040:
3039:
3002:Governor-General
2812:Electoral system
2780:
2779:
2644:
2643:
2512:
2511:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2432:Sovereign states
2406:Sovereign states
2381:
2374:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2336:Pitcairn Islands
2306:French Polynesia
2291:Christmas Island
2220:Papua New Guinea
2200:Marshall Islands
2173:Sovereign states
2159:
2152:
2145:
2136:
2135:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1715:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1674:
1668:
1656:
1650:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1569:"The Great Seal"
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1526:. p. 4954.
1524:Historic Hansard
1508:
1502:
1501:
1484:
1478:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1447:
1441:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1314:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1260:on 27 April 2015
1256:. Archived from
1247:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1208:
1170:
1168:Australia portal
1165:
1164:
1163:
1142:
1126:
1110:
1094:
1079:
1058:
1044:
1030:
1016:
1002:
988:
974:
960:
921:
914:
907:
900:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
570:Argent and azure
532:
520:
519:
468:
448:
428:
407:
384:
361:
338:
55:
41:
29:
28:
21:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3384:
3345:Public holidays
3286:
3230:Life expectancy
3143:
3025:
2976:
2765:
2737:
2723:Protected areas
2629:
2568:
2501:
2492:
2462:
2457:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2420:
2394:
2385:
2355:
2350:
2278:
2272:
2255:
2249:
2230:Solomon Islands
2168:
2163:
2133:
2128:
2112:
2061:
2042:South Australia
2027:New South Wales
2010:
2001:
1998:
1964:William Gullick
1955:Wayback Machine
1938:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1745:Australian Army
1742:
1738:
1730:
1724:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1666:Wayback Machine
1657:
1653:
1648:Wayback Machine
1639:
1635:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1590:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1509:
1505:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1475:William Gullick
1472:
1468:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1429:
1425:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1322:About Australia
1316:
1315:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1248:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1210:
1209:
1198:
1194:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1134:
1127:
1118:
1111:
1102:
1095:
1086:
1080:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1045:
1036:
1031:
1022:
1017:
1008:
1003:
994:
989:
980:
975:
966:
961:
952:
890:South Australia
875:New South Wales
839:
771:
743:, Alfred Cook,
726:South Australia
518:
483:
431:the Australian
420:South Australia
369:
353:New South Wales
262:South Australia
250:New South Wales
235:
215:King Edward VII
206:, the national
61:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3501:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3139:Welfare system
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:Superannuation
3111:
3109:Stock exchange
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3072:Public housing
3067:Home ownership
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3014:Prime Minister
3011:
3010:
3009:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2972:Shadow Cabinet
2969:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2952:
2950:Public Service
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2824:Federal budget
2821:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2656:Climate change
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2585:Constitutional
2582:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2399:National flags
2396:
2395:
2388:National flags
2384:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:Norfolk Island
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2286:American Samoa
2282:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2256:of New Zealand
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2124:Norfolk Island
2120:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2066:Capital cities
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1944:
1937:
1936:External links
1934:
1932:
1931:
1900:
1869:
1838:
1804:
1770:
1736:
1722:
1699:
1669:
1651:
1633:
1613:
1559:
1533:
1503:
1479:
1466:
1442:
1423:
1395:
1369:
1348:Crabb, Annabel
1339:
1318:"Coat of Arms"
1304:
1271:
1237:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1004:
997:
995:
990:
983:
981:
976:
969:
967:
962:
955:
951:
948:
945:
944:
939:
934:
929:
923:
922:
915:
908:
901:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
871:
870:
863:
856:
849:
838:
835:
770:
767:
745:Cedric Emanuel
710:heraldic badge
624:Following the
620:
619:
616:
610:
609:
606:
600:
599:
589:
583:
582:
578:
572:
571:
568:
562:
561:
556:
550:
549:
546:
542:
541:
538:
534:
533:
525:
524:
517:
514:
482:
479:
476:
475:
469:
462:
456:
455:
449:
442:
436:
435:
429:
422:
416:
415:
408:
401:
395:
394:
392:Southern Cross
385:
378:
372:
371:
362:
355:
349:
348:
345:
342:
234:
231:
174:
173:
170:
164:
163:
156:
150:
149:
127:
121:
120:
113:
107:
106:
99:
93:
92:
81:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:
62:
56:
48:
47:
43:
42:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3500:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:Ethnic groups
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3084:Manufacturing
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:Republicanism
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:National debt
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2456:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2392:coats of arms
2389:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:New Caledonia
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:Easter Island
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:"C. R. Wylie"
1578:
1575:. p. 9.
1574:
1570:
1563:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:Kelly, Willie
1507:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1439:0-642-04793-6
1436:
1432:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1158:
1148:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1001:
996:
993:
987:
982:
979:
973:
968:
965:
959:
954:
953:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
920:
916:
913:
909:
906:
902:
899:
895:
894:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
868:
861:
854:
847:
842:
834:
830:
828:
824:
820:
815:
811:
809:
805:
800:
797:
795:
791:
790:
785:
784:
779:
778:
766:
764:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
735:In 1954, the
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
711:
707:
699:
694:
689:
684:
682:
678:
669:
665:
663:
659:
658:inescutcheons
655:
650:
646:
637:
633:
631:
627:
617:
615:
611:
607:
605:
601:
598:, both proper
597:
593:
590:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
567:
563:
560:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
521:
512:
511:
505:
501:
500:
494:
492:
491:King George V
488:
485:The official
474:
470:
467:
463:
461:
458:
457:
454:
450:
447:
443:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:piping shrike
430:
427:
423:
421:
418:
417:
413:
412:Maltese cross
409:
406:
402:
400:
397:
396:
393:
389:
386:
383:
379:
377:
374:
373:
367:
363:
360:
356:
354:
351:
350:
339:
336:
334:
333:floral emblem
330:
329:golden wattle
325:
323:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
230:
228:
227:sixpenny coin
224:
220:
219:King George V
216:
211:
209:
208:floral emblem
205:
204:golden wattle
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
171:
169:
165:
161:
160:golden wattle
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
126:
122:
119:
118:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:-only version
59:
54:
49:
44:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
3413:Bibliography
3300:Architecture
3257:Prostitution
3240:Demographics
3205:Homelessness
3104:Reserve Bank
2918:Conservatism
2866:Constitution
2834:Human rights
2792:Constitution
2743:Subdivisions
2524:Bibliography
2277:Dependencies
2263:Cook Islands
2179:
2007:
1922:. Retrieved
1913:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1882:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1851:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1820:
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1786:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1752:
1739:
1709:
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1681:
1672:
1654:
1636:
1625:
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1595:
1581:. Retrieved
1572:
1562:
1552:23 September
1550:. Retrieved
1536:
1523:
1506:
1491:
1482:
1473:Letter from
1469:
1454:
1445:
1430:
1426:
1407:
1398:
1388:23 September
1386:. Retrieved
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1355:
1342:
1332:23 September
1330:. Retrieved
1326:the original
1321:
1295:. Retrieved
1286:
1262:. Retrieved
1258:the original
1252:
1228:. Retrieved
1215:
831:
816:
812:
801:
798:
793:
787:
781:
775:
772:
760:
734:
715:
702:
686:
681:Willie Kelly
674:
642:
623:
592:Red kangaroo
545:Relinquished
508:
507:
503:
497:
496:
484:
473:lion passant
347:Description
326:
293:red kangaroo
290:
277:
247:
236:
212:
183:
179:
177:
134:red kangaroo
115:
26:
3375:Anglosphere
3215:Immigration
3180:Citizenship
3047:Agriculture
2933:Nationalism
2876:Enforcement
2849:Transgender
2683:Earthquakes
2671:Environment
2605:Immigration
2534:Archaeology
2210:New Zealand
1692:23 December
1352:"Episode 2"
1129:Australian
1117:(2s or 2/-)
1101:(2s or 2/-)
753:Bill Taylor
749:Eileen Mayo
630:Bowman flag
604:Compartment
322:John Coburn
311:Australian
154:Compartment
140:(right) an
3442:Categories
3365:Television
3335:Literature
3220:Irreligion
3200:Healthcare
3195:Euthanasia
3175:Censorship
2982:Government
2928:Liberalism
2898:Parliament
2610:Indigenous
2600:Federation
2590:Diplomatic
2564:Since 1945
2529:Prehistory
2037:Queensland
1831:15 October
1797:15 October
1763:15 October
1606:15 October
1583:15 October
1362:15 October
1297:7 February
1287:peo.gov.au
1264:27 January
1192:References
1097:Post-1936
885:Queensland
662:Union Jack
587:Supporters
540:7 May 1908
453:black swan
399:Queensland
370:and stars
258:Queensland
239:escutcheon
125:Supporters
58:Escutcheon
3272:Squatting
3225:Languages
3190:Education
3170:Aged care
3134:Transport
2943:Socialism
2923:Far-right
2913:Christian
2908:Anarchism
2871:Judiciary
2807:Donations
2802:Elections
2713:Mountains
2661:Continent
2639:Geography
2559:1901–1945
2554:1851–1900
2549:1788–1850
2495:Australia
2180:Australia
2098:Melbourne
1914:Foodbeast
1821:Air Force
1145:Pre-1936
1113:Pre-1936
978:Melbourne
827:Air Force
677:Wentworth
368:with lion
132:(left) a
117:see below
3422:Category
3267:Religion
3165:Abortion
3119:Taxation
2888:Monarchy
2883:Military
2839:Intersex
2775:Politics
2756:Capitals
2620:Monarchy
2615:Military
2595:Economic
2573:By topic
2519:Timeline
2499:articles
2416:Timeline
2195:Kiribati
2083:Canberra
2078:Brisbane
2073:Adelaide
2052:Victoria
2047:Tasmania
1951:Archived
1918:Archived
1887:Archived
1856:Archived
1825:Archived
1791:Archived
1757:Archived
1728:Archived
1686:Archived
1662:Archived
1644:Archived
1600:Archived
1577:Archived
1546:Archived
1528:Archived
1382:Archived
1291:Archived
1230:30 April
1224:Archived
1154:See also
1131:sixpence
1034:Canberra
1020:Adelaide
992:Brisbane
932:Tasmania
880:Victoria
683:, said:
645:kangaroo
460:Tasmania
376:Victoria
270:Tasmania
254:Victoria
194:and the
192:kangaroo
138:sinister
46:Versions
3399:Outline
3370:Theatre
3360:Symbols
3325:Cuisine
3292:Culture
3153:Society
3129:Tourism
3099:Poverty
3035:Economy
2817:Parties
2718:Regions
2708:Islands
2703:Geology
2698:Forests
2666:Deserts
2651:Climate
2625:Railway
2507:History
2341:Tokelau
2245:Vanuatu
1817:"Ranks"
1749:"Ranks"
1596:AustLit
1518:(ed.).
1516:Hansard
647:and an
537:Adopted
516:History
410:a blue
309:endemic
301:support
225:of the
223:reverse
144:, both
101:Or and
70:Adopted
3427:Portal
3320:Cinema
3262:Racism
3235:People
3094:Mining
3057:Energy
3052:Dollar
2797:Courts
2787:Asylum
2761:Cities
2728:Rivers
2676:issues
2497:
2316:Hawaii
2240:Tuvalu
2108:Sydney
2093:Hobart
2088:Darwin
1720:
1437:
1062:Darwin
1048:Hobart
964:Sydney
950:Cities
688:fauna.
576:Shield
487:blazon
481:Blazon
471:a red
344:Badge
341:State
317:native
305:shield
268:, and
243:ermine
233:Design
158:none,
146:proper
130:Dexter
111:Shield
105:(blue)
91:(gold)
3406:Index
3355:Sport
3350:Radio
3340:Music
3330:Dance
3282:Women
3185:Crime
3089:Media
2955:Women
2693:Fauna
2688:Flora
2235:Tonga
2225:Samoa
2215:Palau
2205:Nauru
2103:Perth
1924:4 May
1893:4 May
1862:4 May
1852:Slate
1731:(PDF)
1714:(PDF)
1414:Trove
1082:1966
1069:Coins
1006:Perth
614:Motto
581:Gules
566:Torse
554:Crest
313:fauna
299:that
282:crest
168:Motto
103:azure
97:Torse
79:Crest
3310:Arts
3019:list
3007:list
2995:list
2844:LGBT
2390:and
2311:Guam
2268:Niue
2190:Fiji
1926:2024
1895:2024
1864:2024
1833:2023
1799:2023
1787:Navy
1765:2023
1753:Army
1718:ISBN
1694:2023
1608:2019
1585:2019
1554:2014
1435:ISBN
1390:2014
1364:2023
1334:2014
1299:2023
1266:2015
1232:2024
1133:(6d)
825:and
823:Navy
819:Army
747:and
728:and
594:and
390:and
364:the
303:the
295:and
291:The
256:and
237:The
178:The
83:The
3305:Art
2861:Law
769:Use
649:emu
596:emu
297:emu
276:or
196:emu
142:emu
3444::
1916:.
1912:.
1885:.
1881:.
1854:.
1850:.
1823:.
1819:.
1815:.
1789:.
1785:.
1781:.
1755:.
1751:.
1747:.
1726:.
1684:.
1680:.
1624:.
1594:.
1589:;
1571:.
1522:.
1490:.
1453:.
1416:,
1406:.
1354:.
1350:.
1320:.
1307:^
1289:.
1285:.
1274:^
1240:^
1222:.
1218:.
1214:.
1199:^
810:.
796:.
765:.
679:,
451:a
288:.
264:,
252:,
229:.
136:,
89:or
2487:e
2480:t
2473:v
2380:e
2373:t
2366:v
2158:e
2151:t
2144:v
1993:e
1986:t
1979:v
1928:.
1897:.
1866:.
1835:.
1801:.
1767:.
1696:.
1610:.
1556:.
1500:.
1463:.
1420:.
1392:.
1366:.
1336:.
1301:.
1268:.
1234:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
