2899:
603:
316:
305:
294:
283:
272:
196:
2601:
434:
423:
404:
393:
229:
3020:
631:
584:
573:
554:
535:
518:
507:
490:
479:
468:
457:
446:
253:
612:
349:
338:
327:
207:
621:
382:
371:
360:
218:
2690:, but for two weeks, from 16 August, Königsmarck's forces were forced to continuously repulse attacks from Ismail Pasha's forces, fight off the sorties of the besieged Ottoman garrison and cope with a new outbreak of plague. On 29 August 1686 Ismail Pasha attacked the Venetian camp, but was heavily defeated. With the defeat of the relief army, Nafplion was forced to surrender on September 3. News of this major victory were greeted in Venice with joy and celebration. Nafplion became the Venetians' major base, while Ismail Pasha withdrew to
2772:
3132:
2992:
2347:
3068:
3032:. The Holy League settled the issues of payment by using all available funds from the government, loans from several wealthy bankers and noblemen and large sums of money from the Pope. Also, the Habsburgs and Poles agreed that the Polish government would pay for its own troops while still in Poland, but that they would be paid by the Emperor once they had crossed into Imperial territory. However, the Emperor had to recognise Sobieski's claim to first rights of plunder of the enemy camp in the event of a victory.
240:
2698:
60:
528:
500:
2638:
1916:
2737:"). On 22 July 1687, Morosini, with a force of 14,000, landed outside Patras, where the new Ottoman commander, Mehmed Pasha, had established himself. Mehmed, with an army of roughly equal size, attacked the Venetian force immediately after it landed, but was defeated and forced to retreat. At this point panic spread among the Ottoman forces, and the Venetians were able, within a few days, to capture the citadel of Patras, and the forts of Rion, Antirrion, and
1873:
2888:
3011:, creating gaps of about 12m in width. The Viennese tried to counter this by digging their own tunnels to intercept the depositing of large amounts of gunpowder in caverns. The Ottomans finally managed to occupy the Burg ravelin and the low wall in that area on 8 September. Anticipating a breach in the city walls, the remaining Viennese prepared to fight in the inner city.
2455:. There, however, he and much of his army were met by another equally formidable adversary, the plague. Bogdani returned to Pristina but succumbed to the disease there on 6 December 1689. His nephew, Gjergj Bogdani, reported in 1698 that his uncle's remains were later exhumed by Turkish and Tatar soldiers and fed to the dogs in the middle of the square in Pristina.
2929:, the Ottoman Empire undertook extensive logistical preparations, including the repair and establishment of roads and bridges leading into the Holy Roman Empire and its logistical centres, as well as the forwarding of ammunition, cannon and other resources from all over the Ottoman Empire to these centres and into the Balkans. Since 1679, the
2120:
156,000 specifically to the conflict against France. Of those 280,000, only 74,000, or about one quarter, were positioned against the Turks; the rest were fighting France. Overall, from 1683 to 1699, the
Imperial States had on average 88,100 men fighting the Turks, while from 1688 to 1697, they had on average 127,410 fighting the French.
2686:, then unfortified, which overlooked the town. Despite the Venetians' success in capturing Palamidi, the arrival of a 7,000 strong Ottoman army under Ismail Pasha at Argos rendered their position difficult. The Venetians' initial assault against the relief army succeeded in taking Argos and forcing the pasha to retreat to
2171:, a large city on the border of the Commonwealth. The small Polish force resisted the siege of Kamenets for two weeks but was then forced to surrender. The Polish army was too small to resist the Ottoman invasion and could score only some minor tactical victories. After three months, the Poles were forced to sign the
3350:
U toku
Velikog bečkog rata, naročito posle oslobođenja Budima 1686. srpski narod u Ugarskoj, Slavoniji, Bačkoj, Banatu, priključivao se carskim trupama i kao "rašanska, racka" milicija učestvovao u borbama u Lipi, Jenovi i Đuli...carska vojska i srpska milicija oslobodile su u proleće i leto 1688,
3083:
who fought on the Polish side wore a sprig of straw in their helmets to distinguish themselves from the Tatars fighting on the
Ottoman side. The charge easily broke the lines of the Ottomans, who were exhausted and demoralised and soon started to flee the battlefield. The cavalry headed straight for
2987:
resulted in the addition of the Polish hussars to the already existing allied army. The command of the forces of
European allies was entrusted to the Polish king, who had under his command 70,000–80,000 soldiers facing a Turkish army of 150,000. Sobieski's courage and remarkable aptitude for command
2617:
with 10,000 men, reinforcing the three forts that the
Ottomans already garrisoned, and compelled the Maniots to give up hostages to secure their loyalty. As a result, the Maniots remained uncommitted when, on 25 June 1685, the Venetian army, 8,100 men strong, landed outside the former Venetian fort
2649:
In
October 1685, the Venetian army retreated to the Ionian Islands for winter quarters, where a plague broke out, something which would occur regularly in the next years, and take a great toll on the Venetian army, especially among the German contingents. In April 1686, the Venetians helped repulse
2612:
Having secured his rear during the previous year, Morosini set his sights upon the
Peloponnese, where the Greeks, especially the Maniots, had begun showing signs of revolt and communicated with Morosini, promising to rise up in his aid. Ismail Pasha, the new military commander of Morea, learned of
2591:
in late
September removed the last Ottoman bastions. These early successes were important for the Venetians not only for reasons of morale, but because they secured their communications with Venice, denied to the Ottomans the possibility of threatening the Ionian Islands or of ferrying troops via
3087:
The
Ottoman troops were tired and dispirited following the failure of both the attempt at sapping and the assault on the city and the advance of the Holy League infantry on the Turkenschanz. The cavalry charge was one last deadly blow. Less than three hours after the cavalry attack, the Christian
2119:
The war largely overlapped with the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), which took up the vast majority of the
Habsburgs' attention while it was active. In 1695, for instance, the Holy Roman Empire states had 280,000 troops in the field, with England, the Dutch Republic, and Spain contributing another
2783:
After a few years of peace, the Ottoman Empire attacked the Habsburg monarchy again. The Turks almost captured Vienna, but King John III Sobieski of Poland led a Christian alliance that defeated them in the Battle of Vienna, which shook the Ottoman Empire's hegemony in south-eastern Europe.
3351:
U toku Velikog bečkog rata, ... srpski narod.. od pada Beograda u ruke austrijske vojske 1688. i u Srbiji priključivao se carskim trupama i kao "rašanska, racka" milicija učestvovao u borbama u toku 1689–1691. borbe su prenete na Banat. Srbe u njima predvodio je vojvoda Novak Petrović
2916:
Capturing Vienna had long been a strategic aspiration of the Ottoman Empire, because of its interlocking control over Danubian (Black Sea to Western Europe) southern Europe, and the overland (Eastern Mediterranean to Germany) trade routes. During the years preceding this second siege
2749:", and a bronze bust of his was displayed in the Great Hall, something never before done for a living citizen. The Venetians followed up this success with the reduction of the last Ottoman bastions in the Peloponnese, including Corinth, which was occupied on 7 August, and
2540:, the Venetians decided to use the opportunity of the weakening of Ottoman power and its distraction in the Danubian front so as to reconquer its lost territories in the Aegean and Dalmatia. On 25 April 1684, the Most Serene Republic declared war on the Ottomans.
3027:
The relief army had to act quickly to save the city and so prevent another long siege. Despite the binational composition of the army and the short space of only six days, an effective leadership structure was established, centred on the Polish king and his
3039:
and his light cavalry force, which numbered about 30,000–40,000. There is doubt as to how far the Tatars participated in the final battle before Vienna. The Ottomans could not rely on their Wallachian and Moldavian allies.
2846:
defeated the Ottoman incursion into the Commonwealth. The League won the war in 1699 and forced the Ottoman Empire to sign the Treaty of Karlowitz. The Ottomans thereby lost much of their European possessions, with
2682:, which was then the most important town in the Peloponnese. The Venetian army, ca. 12,000 strong, landed around Nafplion between 30 July and August 4. Königsmarck immediately led an assault upon the hill of
2818:
On the smaller Polish front, after the battles of 1683 (Vienna and Parkany), Sobieski, after his proposal for the League to start a major coordinated offensive, undertook a rather unsuccessful offensive in
1692:
1974:
1876:
The northern Balkans in 1683, before the war. The northwestern portion is shown as belonging to the Habsburgs, the bulk of the Balkans under the Ottomans, with the far-northeastern area being Polish.
1860:
774:
2579:(Santa Maura), which fell, after a brief siege of 16 days, on 6 August 1684. The Venetians, aided by Greek irregulars, then crossed into the mainland and started raiding the opposite shore of
779:
2741:(Lepanto) without any opposition, as their garrisons abandoned them. This new success caused great joy in Venice, and honours were heaped on Morosini and his officers. Morosini received the
1041:
1014:
1010:
3147:
near the town. This resulted in the Habsburg forces killing over 30,000 Ottomans and dispersing the rest. This crippling defeat was the ultimate factor of the Ottoman Empire signing the
3075:
At around 6:00 pm, the Polish king ordered the cavalry to attack in four groups, three Polish and one from the Holy Roman Empire. Eighteen thousand horsemen charged down the hills,
2447:
played a leading role in the pro-Austrian movement in Kosovo during the Great Turkish War. He contributed a force of 6,000 Albanian soldiers to the Austrian army which had arrived in
2262:
was a crushing defeat for the Sultan. The Turks were more successful on the Polish front and were able to retain Podolia during their battles with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
3035:
Kara Mustafa Pasha was less effective at ensuring his forces' motivation and loyalty, and preparing for the expected relief-army attack. He had entrusted defence of the rear to the
2674:(Modon) followed on 7 July, after an effective bombardment destroyed the fort's walls, and its inhabitants were also transferred to Tripoli. The Venetians then advanced towards
4011:
1123:
2622:
and laid siege to it. The castle surrendered after 49 days, on 11 August, and the garrison was massacred. After this success, Morosini embarked his troops towards the town of
3892:
1083:
891:
2489:
had held several islands in the Aegean and the Ionian seas, together with strategically positioned forts along the coast of the Greek mainland since the carving up of the
719:
4046:
2944:, leader of the garrison of 15,000 troops and 8,700 volunteers with 370 cannon, refused to capitulate. Only days before, he had received news of the mass slaughter at
921:
3737:
3164:
3151:
on January 22, 1699, ending the Great Turkish War. This treaty resulted in the transfer of most of Ottoman Hungary to the Habsburgs, and after further losses in the
1610:
1765:
4021:
2948:, a town south of Vienna, where the citizens had handed over the keys of the city after having been given a similar choice. Siege operations started on 17 July.
1620:
941:
926:
680:
2666:. A relief force under Ismail Pasha was defeated on June 16, and the next day the fort surrendered. The garrison and the Muslim population were transported to
1005:
861:
1036:
2543:
Aware that she would have to rely on her own strength for success, Venice prepared for the war by securing financial and military aid in men and ships from
1474:
4071:
2393:. Serbs, as volunteers, massively joined the Habsburg side. In the first half of 1688, the Habsburg army, together with units of Serbian Militia, captured
1180:
2195:
in 1673, Sobieski was elected king of Poland. He tried to defeat the Ottomans for four years, with no success. The war ended on 17 October 1676 with the
1116:
2709:
Despite losses to the plague during the autumn and winter of 1686, Morosini's forces were replenished by the arrival of new German mercenary corps from
2532:
In 1683, a new war broke out between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottomans, with a large Ottoman army advancing towards Vienna. In response to this, a
3253:
Clodfelter, M. (2008). "Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015" (2017 ed.). McFarland. p. 59.
2898:
1053:
2466:
on 19 January 1690. It reported that the "Germans" in Kosovo had made contact with 20,000 Albanians who had turned their weapons against the Turks.
906:
4036:
1717:
876:
3396:
La question nationale en Europe du Sud-Est : genèse, émergence et développement de l'indentité nationale albanaise au Kosovo et en Macédoine
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in 1686, with the Ottomans refusing a major engagement and harassing the army. For the next four years Poland would blockade the key fortress at
1450:
1486:
4101:
4006:
1109:
17:
4111:
3084:
the Ottoman camps and Kara Mustafa's headquarters, while the remaining Viennese garrison sallied out of its defences to join in the assault.
2265:
Russia's involvement marked the first time the country formally joined an alliance of European powers. This was the beginning of a series of
1603:
4016:
2301:
1758:
2049:
1270:
673:
4096:
1702:
1162:
3665:
3319:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
539:
2333:
1687:
1664:
1596:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
577:
2831:. In 1691, Sobieski undertook another expedition to Moldavia, with slightly better results, but still with no decisive victories.
2592:
western Greece to the Peloponnese, and because these successes encouraged the Greeks to cooperate with them against the Ottomans.
3986:
3981:
1751:
1294:
2630:, defeated a Turkish force of ca. 10,000 outside Kalamata on 14 September, and by the end of the month, all of Mani and much of
3089:
2766:
2626:, in order to encourage the Maniots to revolt. The Venetian army, reinforced by 3,300 Saxons and under the command of general
1732:
1722:
1712:
1707:
1659:
666:
309:
2713:
in spring 1687. Thus strengthened, he was able to move against the last major Ottoman bastion in the Peloponnese, the town of
2199:
in which the Turks retained control over only Kamenets-Podolski. This Turkish attack also led in 1676 to the beginning of the
4041:
3404:
2439:
in March 1686 and spent the next years promoting resistance to the armies of the Ottoman Empire, in particular in his native
3996:
3991:
3947:
3824:
3788:
3734:
2071:
by 1688, the French began to worry that their Habsburg rivals would grow too powerful and eventually turn on France. The
2094:
1264:
1239:
1156:
1468:
4081:
4056:
4051:
4031:
4026:
3381:Велики или Бечки рат Аустрије против Турске, у којем су Срби, као добровољци, масовно учествовали на аустријској страни
3374:
3152:
2866:
2270:
2243:
2212:
2141:
2034:
2022:
2010:
1251:
1227:
1026:
1021:
611:
348:
337:
326:
206:
749:
4106:
3761:
3501:
3474:
3439:
3169:
2860:
2497:. However, with the rise of the Ottomans, during the 16th and early 17th centuries, they lost most of these, such as
2266:
2200:
1839:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1775:
1245:
461:
47:
4091:
4076:
2753:, which surrendered later in the month. The Peloponnese was under complete Venetian control, and only the fort of
2192:
1168:
2941:
320:
4066:
4001:
3872:] (in Greek). Vol. XI: Hellenism under foreign rule, 1669–1821. Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. pp. 8–51.
1456:
1390:
1372:
936:
2658:
was appointed head of the land forces, while Morosini retained command of the fleet. On 3 June Königsmarck took
2559:. In addition, the Venetians enrolled large numbers of mercenaries from Italy and the German states, especially
4086:
2274:
1312:
1088:
342:
2600:
2029:
in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost substantial territory, in
3143:. During the battle, Habsburg Imperial forces routed the Ottoman forces while the Ottomans were crossing the
2984:
2702:
2341:
2309:
1438:
841:
276:
2116:
in 1697 when an Ottoman attempt to retake their lost possessions in Hungary was crushed by the Holy League.
3059:
above Vienna with bonfires. Before the battle a Mass was celebrated for the King of Poland and his nobles.
2086:
2076:
1306:
511:
995:
588:
2976:
1849:
1534:
983:
801:
287:
3088:
forces had won the battle and saved Vienna. The first Christian officer who entered Vienna was Margrave
2951:
On 6 September, the Poles under John III Sobieski crossed the Danube 30 km north-west of Vienna at
2655:
2462:, there is a copy of an intercepted letter, in French, written by a secretary of the English embassy in
427:
3966:
3045:
2510:
2112:
in 1690. The war then fell into a stalemate, and peace was concluded in 1699 which began following the
1426:
856:
796:
3886:. Vol. V: Greece under Othoman and Venetian Domination A.D. 1453 – 1821. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3864:
Chasiotis, Ioannis (1975). "Η κάμψη της Οθωμανικής δυνάμεως" [The decline of Ottoman power].
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refused to pay the tribute and organized a large army under Sobieski; subsequently, the Poles won the
2167:, who knew that the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was weakened by internal conflicts, in August 1672
2059:
Initially, Louis XIV took advantage of the start of the war to extend France's eastern borders in the
769:
3079:. Sobieski led the charge at the head of 3,000 Polish heavy lancers, the famed "Winged Hussars". The
2835:
2289:
2153:
1360:
1288:
1276:
1133:
1078:
896:
816:
744:
43:
2980:
3976:
3971:
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in 1686. The Ottomans suffered three decisive defeats against the Holy Roman Empire after siege of
2412:
2320:
passed to Venice, along with the Morea, which the Ottomans reconquered in 1715 and regained in the
2109:
2068:
1697:
1570:
1540:
1528:
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1324:
1318:
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911:
851:
821:
522:
353:
1203:
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4061:
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in 1695 and 1696, and after laying siege to Azov in 1695 successfully occupied the city in 1696.
2650:
an Ottoman attack that threatened to overrun Mani, and were reinforced from the Papal States and
2188:
1546:
1498:
1414:
1408:
946:
931:
836:
831:
784:
51:
3652:
3019:
2906:
871:
729:
3175:
2930:
2918:
2776:
2651:
2627:
2556:
2509:) to the Turks. Between 1645 and 1669, the Venetians and the Ottomans fought a long and costly
2506:
2041:. The war was significant also for being the first instance of Russia joining an alliance with
1576:
1420:
1282:
1174:
901:
714:
375:
298:
3883:
A History of Greece from its Conquest by the Romans to the Present Time, B.C. 146 to A.D. 1864
3648:
3139:
On September 11, 1697, the Battle of Zenta was fought just south of the Ottoman ruled town of
2926:
2799:(headed by the Habsburg monarchy), joined by the Venetian Republic and Poland in 1684 and the
2694:
after strengthening the garrisons at Corinth, which controlled the passage to central Greece.
2529:. However, he was soon after forced to return to Crete, and the Peloponnesian venture failed.
146:
The Habsburg monarchy wins lands in Hungary, the Principality of Transylvania and the Balkans
3464:
3036:
2956:
2710:
2663:
2513:, the last major Venetian possession in the Aegean. During this war, the Venetian commander,
2321:
2081:
1504:
967:
826:
811:
3155:, prompted the Ottomans to adopt a more defensive military policy in the following century.
3049:
866:
2960:
2804:
2560:
2358:
2255:
2211:
After a few years of peace, the Ottoman Empire, encouraged by successes in the west of the
2133:
1804:
1558:
1492:
1444:
1342:
1300:
806:
759:
734:
211:
69:
3334:
2196:
1354:
724:
8:
3148:
3122:
2824:
2812:
2293:
2179:
and to pay tribute to the Ottomans. When the news of the defeat and treaty terms reached
2072:
2060:
2026:
1920:
978:
916:
881:
95:
3881:
1672:
1150:
3933:
3690:
2937:
2788:
2675:
2533:
2514:
2486:
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2231:
2129:
2090:
2014:
2002:
1552:
1348:
1063:
846:
558:
494:
433:
422:
403:
397:
392:
233:
228:
187:
2048:
The French did not join the Holy League, as France had agreed to reviving an informal
1058:
3943:
3820:
3784:
3757:
3497:
3470:
3445:
3435:
3410:
3400:
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2936:
The main Ottoman army finally laid siege to Vienna on 14 July 1683. On the same day,
2910:
2800:
2796:
2771:
2671:
2544:
2251:
2239:
2220:
2216:
2172:
2168:
2137:
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2018:
2006:
1942:
1895:
1844:
1510:
1336:
1048:
739:
620:
602:
381:
370:
359:
331:
315:
304:
293:
282:
271:
222:
217:
200:
195:
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3866:Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΑ′: Ο ελληνισμός υπό ξένη κυριαρχία, 1669–1821
3102:
2892:
2882:
2869:, which both ended in Russian defeats. Despite these setbacks, Russia launched the
2792:
2537:
2490:
2292:
in 1698), the League won the war in 1699 and forced the Ottoman Empire to sign the
2235:
2224:
2149:
2108:
As a result, the advance made by the Holy League stalled, allowing the Ottomans to
1990:
1682:
1677:
1654:
1462:
1221:
1215:
1209:
956:
709:
562:
543:
412:
386:
91:
65:
1330:
764:
3937:
3741:
3491:
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3333:, Department of Social Sciences, Proceedings i History, p. 7, archived from
3126:
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2667:
2583:. Most of the area was soon under Venetian control, and the fall of the forts of
2571:
In mid-June, the Venetian fleet moved from the Adriatic towards the Ottoman-held
2390:
2362:
2337:
2297:
2285:
2113:
2030:
1978:
1726:
1480:
1396:
1073:
973:
951:
754:
438:
364:
77:
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The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792
3131:
3029:
2945:
2870:
2614:
2572:
2548:
2494:
2463:
2444:
2394:
2098:
2067:. However, as the Holy League made gains against the Ottoman Empire, capturing
2042:
1998:
1432:
1384:
1378:
1068:
1000:
630:
583:
572:
553:
534:
517:
506:
489:
478:
467:
456:
445:
408:
257:
252:
244:
116:
111:
73:
2697:
3960:
3877:
3414:
3330:
3096:
2922:
2742:
2353:
came to power during the war, where he personally commanded the Ottoman Army.
2157:
1366:
527:
499:
3449:
59:
3080:
3041:
2552:
2398:
3394:
2637:
2415:
from the Ottomans in 1688, Serbs from the territories in the south of the
2085:
letter to take control of England as king. Therefore, the French besieged
3429:
2955:
to unite with the Imperial troops and the additional forces from Saxony,
2757:(Malvasia) in the southeast continued to resist, holding out until 1690.
2734:
2722:
2361:
from the Ottoman Empire in 1686 during the Great Turkish War, Serbs from
1915:
1834:
2389:) joined the troops of the Habsburg monarchy as separate units known as
2227:(1683), stalling the Ottoman Empire's hegemony in south-eastern Europe.
1101:
3144:
3056:
2760:
2754:
2718:
2480:
2350:
483:
3801:
The Siege of Vienna: The Last Great Trial between Cross & Crescent
2891:
Defence of the fortifications of Vienna by civilians, oil painting by
2521:, for a joint campaign in the Morea. In 1659, Morosini landed in the
1872:
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Rebels, Believers, Survivors: Studies in the History of the Albanians
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had repeatedly blown up large portions of the walls between the Burg
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2726:
2580:
2459:
2164:
2089:
on 27 September 1688, breaking the truce and triggering the separate
2056:
being recognized as a protector of Catholics in the Ottoman domains.
2053:
2025:. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the
1743:
450:
658:
2820:
2683:
2679:
2631:
2623:
2526:
2448:
2370:
2317:
2305:
2148:
stayed in the southeastern part of the Commonwealth. Their leader,
2145:
472:
167:
3187:
2378:
3008:
3004:
2848:
2750:
2687:
2642:
2588:
2584:
2576:
2518:
2452:
2436:
2374:
2366:
2313:
2176:
2038:
151:
121:
3691:"Polish Renaissance Warfare – Summary of Conflicts – Part Eight"
3199:
3000:
2968:
2839:
2714:
2691:
2619:
2502:
2498:
2440:
2420:
2386:
2180:
3052:'s forces joined the retreat after Sobieski's cavalry charge.
3722:
Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700
3238:, Styria Vlg. Graz, p. 215 of 1983 Polish translated ed.
3140:
2952:
2887:
2659:
2522:
2382:
239:
163:
3227:
3249:
3247:
3245:
2815:
in 1691 and the Battle of Zenta a decade later, in 1697.
2416:
2405:
2278:
2184:
157:
99:(15 years, 6 months, 1 week and 5 days)
3733:
The original document was destroyed during World War II.
3893:
Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century
3570:
3558:
3534:
3510:
3165:
Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian theater in Great Turkish War
3242:
2269:, the last of which was World War I. As a result of the
3606:
3546:
3055:
The confederated troops signalled their arrival on the
2940:
sent the traditional demand for surrender to the city.
2536:
was formed. After the Ottoman army was defeated in the
2999:
During early September, the experienced 5,000 Ottoman
2431:
Kosovo Albanian Roman Catholic Bishop and philosopher
27:
Conflicts between Ottomans and Holy League (1683–1699)
3896:(Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, 1991)
3630:
3618:
3594:
3582:
3522:
2258:
what was under Ottoman's rule since 1541. The second
2254:
in 1686. Holy League's troops besieged and conquered
3268:
2761:
Polish–Ottoman & Austro-Turkish Wars (1683–1699)
3911:
Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire
3256:
2223:led a Christian alliance that defeated them in the
4012:17th century in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3233:
4047:Military operations involving the Crimean Khanate
2144:(currently parts of eastern Ukraine), while some
3958:
2921:had taken place in 1529), under the auspices of
2854:
2075:was also a matter of concern for the French, as
3313:
3311:
3309:
3172:, among the first Christian victims of the war.
2983:. An alliance between Sobieski and the Emperor
2865:During the war, the Russian army organized the
2566:
2911:John III of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania
2277:, Russia captured the key Ottoman fortress of
3811:
3809:
2152:, sought the Ottoman Empire's protection and
1759:
1604:
1117:
674:
3920:The Emergence of the Great Powers: 1685–1715
3655:at History of Warfare, World History at KMLA
3306:
3205:
2595:
2423:rivers began to join Serbian Militia units.
4072:Wars involving the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3849:Ottoman Wars, 1700–1860: An Empire Besieged
3362:
3236:Jan Sobieski, Mit Habsburg gegen die Türken
3108:
3100:
2288:in 1697 and lesser skirmishes (such as the
2079:was being invited by English nobles in the
4022:Habsburg monarchy–Ottoman Empire relations
3902:German Armies: War and Politics, 1648–1806
3829:
3806:
3793:
3783:, Vol. Two, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC,
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3754:The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire
3317:
2063:, taking Luxembourg and Strasbourg in the
1766:
1752:
1611:
1597:
1124:
1110:
681:
667:
3863:
3612:
3552:
3224:, (Cambridge University Press, 1996), 36.
3071:The relief of Vienna on 12 September 1683
2851:(including Kamenets) returned to Poland.
2525:, and together with the Maniots, he took
2123:
1997:), was a series of conflicts between the
1131:
3932:
3496:. Oxford University Press. p. 135.
3469:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 55.
3130:
3066:
3018:
2990:
2897:
2886:
2834:The last battle of the campaign was the
2770:
2696:
2636:
2599:
2517:, came into contact with the rebellious
2458:Among the papers of Ludwig von Baden in
2345:
2219:. The Turks almost captured Vienna, but
1914:
1871:
4037:History of the Ottoman Empire in Europe
3766:
3489:
2242:(headed by the Habsburg monarchy), the
2175:in which they agreed to cede Kamenets,
1618:
14:
3959:
3908:
3899:
3876:
3636:
3624:
3600:
3588:
3576:
3564:
3540:
3528:
3516:
3427:
3329:(in Serbian), vol. 74, Novi Sad:
3288:The making of modern Europe, 1648–1780
3274:
3262:
3193:
2140:in 1654 acquired territories from the
1773:
4102:Wars involving the Republic of Venice
4007:17th century in the Habsburg monarchy
3913:, Cambridge: Harvard University Press
3851:, (Pearson Education Ltd., 2007), 28.
3462:
3434:. Boulder: East European Monographs.
3392:
3135:The Battle of Zenta in September 1697
3077:the largest cavalry charge in history
3014:
2575:. The first target was the island of
1747:
1592:
1105:
688:
662:
4112:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire
3642:
3113:" – "I came, I saw, God conquered".
2334:Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1686–1691)
2037:, as well as in part of the western
3756:, p. 12, Barnes & Noble, 1992.
3709:Sophia, Regent of Russia: 1657–1704
3683:
2876:
2411:from the Ottoman Empire. After the
1163:Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War
24:
3926:
2942:Ernst Rüdiger Graf von Starhemberg
2867:Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689
2469:
25:
4123:
4097:Wars involving the Ottoman Empire
3327:Zbornik Matice Srpske za Istoriju
3293:
3280:
3234:Forst de Battaglia, Otto (1982),
3170:Enea Silvio Piccolomini (general)
3095:Afterwards, Sobieski paraphrased
3007:, the Löbel bastion and the Burg
2312:, to the Habsburg monarchy while
3942:. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
3466:Historical Dictionary of Albania
3431:Unfinished portrait of a country
3369:(in Serbian), IDEA, p. 70,
3023:Turks before the walls of Vienna
1919:The northern Balkans, after the
629:
619:
610:
601:
582:
571:
552:
533:
526:
516:
505:
498:
488:
477:
466:
455:
444:
432:
421:
402:
391:
380:
369:
358:
347:
336:
325:
314:
303:
292:
281:
270:
251:
238:
227:
216:
205:
194:
58:
4017:France–Ottoman Empire relations
3841:
3781:A Global Chronology of Conflict
3746:
3727:
3714:
3701:
3658:
3653:Habsburg-Ottoman War, 1683–1699
3483:
3456:
3421:
3386:
3356:
3092:, at the head of his dragoons.
2975:of France declined to help his
2729:controlled the entrance to the
2725:, which along with its twin at
2662:and proceeded to lay siege the
1487:2nd Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera
1475:1st Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera
3987:1690s in the Habsburg monarchy
3982:1680s in the Habsburg monarchy
3909:——— (2016),
3214:
3153:Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)
2988:were already known in Europe.
2767:Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)
2451:and accompanied it to capture
2357:After allied Christian forces
2244:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2213:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2142:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2105:. The war relieved the Turks.
2035:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
18:Austro-Turkish War (1683-1699)
13:
1:
3711:, Yale University Press, 206.
3649:Polish-Ottoman War, 1683–1699
3206:Podhorodecki, Leszek (2001),
3196:, pp. 460–461, table 13.
3181:
3116:
2995:Europe after Battle of Vienna
2861:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
2855:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
2634:were under Venetian control.
2474:
2342:Great Migrations of the Serbs
2296:. The Ottomans ceded most of
4042:Military history of Slovenia
3301:The Islamic world in decline
2567:Operations in the Ionian Sea
2316:returned to Poland. Most of
2077:William III of Orange-Nassau
156:Russia captures the port of
7:
3997:1690s in the Ottoman Empire
3992:1680s in the Ottoman Empire
3870:History of the Greek Nation
3363:Janićijević, Jovan (1996),
3318:Gavrilović, Slavko (2006),
3158:
2827:, and Ottoman Tatars would
2206:
10:
4128:
3857:
3120:
2933:had been ravaging Vienna.
2880:
2858:
2764:
2701:Depiction of the Venetian
2478:
2331:
2169:attacked Kamenets Podolski
150:Poland–Lithuania captures
4082:Wars involving Montenegro
4057:Ottoman period in Ukraine
4052:Ottoman period in Moldova
4032:History of Eastern Europe
4027:History of Central Europe
3428:Prifti, Peter R. (2005).
3303:, Praeger Publishers, 32.
3286:Treasure, Geoffrey 1985,
3062:
2608:, in the mid-16th century
2596:The conquest of the Morea
2426:
2327:
2052:in 1673, in exchange for
1858:
1785:
1630:
1143:
700:
652:
648:175,000 killed or wounded
645:135,000 killed or wounded
639:
594:
263:
180:
83:
57:
41:
36:
4107:Wars involving Wallachia
3865:
3290:, Methuen & Co, 614.
2844:Feliks Kazimierz Potocki
2838:in 1698, where a Polish
2656:Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck
1995:Kutsal İttifak Savaşları
4092:Wars involving Slovenia
4077:Wars involving Moldavia
3890:Setton, Kenneth Meyer.
3393:Iseni, Bashkim (2008).
3366:Kulturna riznica Srbije
2402:(today Lipova, Romania)
2385:regions in present-day
2284:Following the decisive
2260:Battle of Mohács (1687)
2189:Battle of Khotyn (1673)
2050:Franco-Ottoman alliance
1987:Wars of the Holy League
1146:Hungary and the Balkans
653:384,000 military deaths
4067:Wars involving Austria
4002:17th-century conflicts
3900:Wilson, Peter (1998),
3490:Malcolm, Noel (2020).
3463:Elsie, Robert (2010).
3210:, Bellona, p. 105
3176:Scutum (constellation)
3136:
3110:Veni, vidi, Deus vicit
3109:
3101:
3072:
3048:, was captured, while
3024:
2996:
2913:
2895:
2780:
2706:
2703:siege of the Acropolis
2654:. The Swedish marshal
2646:
2628:Hannibal von Degenfeld
2609:
2557:Knights of St. Stephen
2373:region in present-day
2354:
2308:, as well as parts of
2124:Background (1667–1683)
2023:the Kingdom of Hungary
1994:
1982:
1965:
1912:
1469:Orán and Mers-el-Kébir
1181:Little Wars in Hungary
264:Commanders and leaders
4087:Wars involving Poland
3836:The enemy at the gate
3815:Varvounis, M., 2012,
3707:Lindsey Hughes 1990,
3299:Sicker, Martin 2001,
3134:
3070:
3022:
2994:
2925:from the influential
2901:
2890:
2774:
2705:of Athens during 1687
2700:
2640:
2613:this and invaded the
2603:
2409:(today Ienu, Romania)
2349:
2322:Treaty of Passarowitz
2191:. After the death of
2097:, which included the
2082:Invitation to William
1918:
1875:
1135:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
968:Action of 6 July 1697
640:Casualties and losses
44:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
3779:Tucker, S.C., 2010,
3340:on 16 September 2011
3099:'s famous quotation
2907:Stanisław Chlebowski
2829:raid the borderlands
2795:and encompassed the
2664:fortress of Navarino
2238:and encompassed the
1963: Ottoman Empire
1910: Ottoman Empire
3838:, Andrew Wheatcroft
3740:29 May 2008 at the
3720:Brian Davies 2007,
3579:, pp. 215–216.
3567:, pp. 213–214.
3543:, pp. 211–212.
3519:, pp. 205–206.
3149:Treaty of Karlowitz
3123:Treaty of Karlowitz
2813:Battle of Slankamen
2443:. He and his vicar
2413:capture of Belgrade
2294:Treaty of Karlowitz
2250:in 1684, joined by
2073:Glorious Revolution
2061:War of the Reunions
2027:Treaty of Karlowitz
1985:), also called the
1921:Treaty of Karlowitz
1622:Polish–Ottoman Wars
842:Acropolis of Athens
589:Morto Hüseyin Pasha
428:Wilhelm Königsmarck
321:Rüdiger Starhemberg
288:Charles of Lorraine
135:Holy League victory
64:From top left: The
52:Polish–Ottoman wars
3735:German translation
3137:
3073:
3050:Șerban Cantacuzino
3046:Prince of Moldavia
3025:
3015:Staging the battle
2997:
2938:Kara Mustafa Pasha
2914:
2903:Sobieski at Vienna
2896:
2836:Battle of Podhajce
2781:
2707:
2647:
2610:
2515:Francesco Morosini
2487:Republic of Venice
2355:
2290:Battle of Podhajce
2267:Russo-Turkish Wars
2201:Russo-Turkish Wars
2130:Bohdan Khmelnytsky
2005:consisting of the
1983:Großer Türkenkrieg
1966:
1913:
1861:Turco-Mongol raids
1777:Russo-Turkish Wars
1252:Austro-Turkish War
1240:Austro-Turkish War
1228:Austro-Turkish War
1157:Hungarian campaign
512:Kara Ibrahim Pasha
398:Francesco Morosini
234:Republic of Venice
48:Russo-Ottoman wars
3967:Great Turkish War
3922:(1951), pp 15–53.
3724:, Routledge, 185.
3406:978-3-03911-320-0
3399:. Bern: P. Lang.
2801:Tsardom of Russia
2797:Holy Roman Empire
2791:was initiated by
2777:Battle of Párkány
2606:Napoli di Romagna
2545:Hospitaller Malta
2359:had captured Buda
2271:Crimean campaigns
2248:Venetian Republic
2240:Holy Roman Empire
2234:was initiated by
2221:John III Sobieski
2217:Habsburg monarchy
2197:Treaty of Żurawno
2173:Treaty of Buchach
2156:Polish commander
2138:Tsardom of Russia
2103:Holy Roman Empire
2065:Truce of Ratisbon
2007:Holy Roman Empire
1970:Great Turkish War
1867:
1866:
1741:
1740:
1586:
1585:
1429: (1553–1559)
1315: (1533–1534)
1248: (1735–1739)
1246:Russo-Turkish War
1242: (1716–1718)
1236: (1683–1699)
1234:Great Turkish War
1224: (1604–1606)
1218: (1593–1606)
1165: (1527–1593)
1099:
1098:
692:Great Turkish War
657:
656:
354:Kazimierz Potocki
332:John III Sobieski
223:Tsardom of Russia
201:Holy Roman Empire
176:
175:
37:Great Turkish War
16:(Redirected from
4119:
3953:
3949:978-1-40514291-5
3914:
3904:
3887:
3873:
3852:
3847:Virginia Aksan,
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3825:978-1-46288080-5
3813:
3804:
3797:
3791:
3789:978-1-85109667-1
3777:
3764:
3750:
3744:
3731:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3662:
3656:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3339:
3324:
3320:"Isaija Đaković"
3315:
3304:
3297:
3291:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3112:
3106:
3103:Veni, vidi, vici
2893:Romeyn de Hooghe
2883:Battle of Vienna
2877:Battle of Vienna
2809:Battle of Mohács
2793:Pope Innocent XI
2641:The conquest of
2538:Battle of Vienna
2491:Byzantine Empire
2435:returned to the
2236:Pope Innocent XI
2225:Battle of Vienna
2154:in 1667 attacked
2150:Petro Doroshenko
2011:Poland-Lithuania
1977:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1780:
1778:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1625:
1623:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1222:Bocskai uprising
1138:
1136:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1092:
1045:
1018:
695:
693:
683:
676:
669:
660:
659:
634:
633:
624:
623:
615:
614:
606:
605:
587:
586:
576:
575:
567:
557:
556:
548:
538:
537:
530:
521:
520:
510:
509:
502:
493:
492:
482:
481:
471:
470:
460:
459:
449:
448:
437:
436:
426:
425:
417:
407:
406:
396:
395:
387:Boris Sheremetev
385:
384:
374:
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363:
362:
352:
351:
341:
340:
330:
329:
319:
318:
308:
307:
297:
296:
286:
285:
275:
274:
256:
255:
243:
242:
232:
231:
221:
220:
212:Poland–Lithuania
210:
209:
199:
198:
162:Venice captures
85:
84:
66:Battle of Vienna
62:
34:
33:
21:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4116:
3977:1690s conflicts
3972:1680s conflicts
3957:
3956:
3950:
3929:
3927:Further reading
3867:
3860:
3855:
3846:
3842:
3834:
3830:
3814:
3807:
3798:
3794:
3778:
3767:
3751:
3747:
3742:Wayback Machine
3732:
3728:
3719:
3715:
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3702:
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3192:
3188:
3184:
3161:
3129:
3127:Battle of Zenta
3121:Main articles:
3119:
3090:Ludwig of Baden
3065:
3017:
2885:
2879:
2863:
2857:
2779:in October 1683
2769:
2763:
2747:Peloponnesiacus
2731:Corinthian Gulf
2598:
2569:
2563:and Brunswick.
2483:
2477:
2472:
2470:Associated wars
2429:
2391:Serbian Militia
2363:Pannonian Plain
2344:
2338:Serbian Militia
2330:
2286:Battle of Zenta
2215:, attacked the
2209:
2126:
2114:Battle of Zenta
2110:retake Belgrade
2091:Nine Years' War
1973:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:Habsburg Empire
1938:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:Habsburg Empire
1891:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1854:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1742:
1737:
1727:Lipka rebellion
1626:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1587:
1582:
1254: (1788–91)
1230: (1663–64)
1159: (1527–28)
1139:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1100:
1095:
1086:
1039:
1008:
696:
691:
689:
687:
628:
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581:
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454:
453:
443:
439:Girolamo Corner
431:
430:
420:
419:
413:
401:
400:
390:
389:
379:
378:
376:Vasily Golitsyn
368:
367:
357:
356:
346:
345:
343:Jan Jabłonowski
335:
334:
324:
323:
313:
312:
302:
301:
299:Eugene of Savoy
291:
290:
280:
279:
269:
250:
247:
237:
236:
226:
225:
215:
214:
204:
203:
193:
192:
141:
127:
126:
98:
96:26 January 1699
78:Battle of Zenta
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4125:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4062:Ottoman Serbia
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3955:
3954:
3948:
3934:Ćirković, Sima
3928:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:Wolf, John B.
3916:
3906:
3897:
3888:
3878:Finlay, George
3874:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3840:
3828:
3805:
3792:
3765:
3752:Palmer, Alan,
3745:
3726:
3713:
3700:
3682:
3657:
3641:
3639:, p. 221.
3629:
3627:, p. 220.
3617:
3613:Chasiotis 1975
3605:
3603:, p. 218.
3593:
3591:, p. 216.
3581:
3569:
3557:
3553:Chasiotis 1975
3545:
3533:
3531:, p. 209.
3521:
3509:
3502:
3482:
3475:
3455:
3440:
3420:
3405:
3385:
3376:978-8675470397
3375:
3355:
3305:
3292:
3279:
3277:, p. 461.
3267:
3255:
3241:
3226:
3220:Jeremy Black,
3213:
3198:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3160:
3157:
3118:
3115:
3064:
3061:
3037:Khan of Crimea
3016:
3013:
2981:annexed Alsace
2979:, having just
2977:Habsburg rival
2946:Perchtoldsdorf
2927:Köprülü family
2881:Main article:
2878:
2875:
2871:Azov campaigns
2859:Main article:
2856:
2853:
2765:Main article:
2762:
2759:
2615:Mani Peninsula
2597:
2594:
2573:Ionian Islands
2568:
2565:
2549:Duchy of Savoy
2511:war over Crete
2495:Fourth Crusade
2479:Main article:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2464:Constantinople
2445:Toma Raspasani
2433:Pjetër Bogdani
2428:
2425:
2329:
2326:
2275:Azov campaigns
2208:
2205:
2125:
2122:
2099:Dutch Republic
2095:Grand Alliance
2043:Western Europe
1999:Ottoman Empire
1865:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1577:Constantinople
1574:
1571:Cape Celidonia
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1457:3rd Mostaganem
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1391:2st Mostaganem
1388:
1382:
1376:
1373:1st Mostaganem
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1069:Azov campaigns
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1003:
998:
992:
991:
990:Eastern Europe
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
793:
792:
788:
787:
782:
777:
775:Székesfehérvár
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
706:
705:
704:Central Europe
701:
698:
697:
686:
685:
678:
671:
663:
655:
654:
650:
649:
646:
642:
641:
637:
636:
626:
597:
596:
592:
591:
523:Süleyman Pasha
441:
409:Bajo Pivljanin
310:Louis of Baden
266:
265:
261:
260:
258:Ottoman Empire
248:
245:Spanish Empire
183:
182:
178:
177:
174:
173:
172:
171:
160:
154:
143:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
124:
119:
117:Eastern Europe
114:
112:Central Europe
108:
107:
105:
101:
100:
89:
81:
80:
74:Azov campaigns
55:
54:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4124:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3862:
3861:
3850:
3844:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3802:
3799:Stoye, John.
3796:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3763:
3762:1-56619-847-X
3759:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3730:
3723:
3717:
3710:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3638:
3633:
3626:
3621:
3615:, p. 24.
3614:
3609:
3602:
3597:
3590:
3585:
3578:
3573:
3566:
3561:
3555:, p. 23.
3554:
3549:
3542:
3537:
3530:
3525:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3503:9780198857297
3499:
3495:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3476:9780810861886
3472:
3468:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3441:0-88033-558-0
3437:
3433:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3389:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3359:
3352:
3336:
3332:
3331:Matica Srpska
3328:
3321:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3302:
3296:
3289:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3265:, p. 92.
3264:
3259:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3217:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3098:
3097:Julius Caesar
3093:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3069:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3021:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2923:Grand viziers
2920:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2811:in 1687, the
2810:
2807:: the second
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2743:victory title
2740:
2736:
2733:(the "Little
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2607:
2604:Nafplion, or
2602:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2365:(present-day
2364:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2158:John Sobieski
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1944:
1922:
1917:
1897:
1874:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:Mediterranean
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
989:
988:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
969:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
790:
789:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
745:2nd Esztergom
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
720:1st Esztergom
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
703:
702:
699:
694:
684:
679:
677:
672:
670:
665:
664:
661:
651:
647:
644:
643:
638:
632:
627:
622:
613:
604:
599:
598:
593:
590:
585:
579:
578:Hüseyin Pasha
574:
568:
566:
560:
555:
549:
547:
541:
540:Köprülü Pasha
536:
529:
524:
519:
513:
508:
501:
496:
495:Mustafa Pasha
491:
485:
480:
474:
469:
463:
458:
452:
447:
442:
440:
435:
429:
424:
418:
416:
410:
405:
399:
394:
388:
383:
377:
372:
366:
361:
355:
350:
344:
339:
333:
328:
322:
317:
311:
306:
300:
295:
289:
284:
278:
273:
268:
267:
262:
259:
254:
249:
246:
241:
235:
230:
224:
219:
213:
208:
202:
197:
190:
189:
185:
184:
179:
169:
165:
161:
159:
155:
153:
149:
148:
147:
144:
139:
138:
134:
131:
130:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
102:
97:
93:
90:
87:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71:
70:Siege of Buda
67:
61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
3938:
3919:
3910:
3901:
3891:
3882:
3869:
3848:
3843:
3835:
3831:
3817:Jan Sobieski
3816:
3800:
3795:
3780:
3753:
3748:
3729:
3721:
3716:
3708:
3703:
3694:
3685:
3673:. Retrieved
3669:
3660:
3644:
3632:
3620:
3608:
3596:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3536:
3524:
3512:
3492:
3485:
3465:
3458:
3430:
3423:
3395:
3388:
3380:
3365:
3358:
3349:
3342:, retrieved
3335:the original
3326:
3300:
3295:
3287:
3282:
3270:
3258:
3235:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3207:
3201:
3189:
3138:
3094:
3086:
3081:Lipka Tatars
3074:
3054:
3042:George Ducas
3034:
3026:
2998:
2950:
2935:
2931:Great Plague
2915:
2902:
2864:
2833:
2817:
2786:
2782:
2746:
2708:
2648:
2611:
2605:
2570:
2553:Papal States
2542:
2531:
2484:
2457:
2430:
2408:
2401:
2356:
2302:Transylvania
2283:
2264:
2256:Buda in 1686
2229:
2210:
2193:King Michael
2162:
2127:
2118:
2107:
2093:against the
2087:Philippsburg
2080:
2058:
2047:
1986:
1969:
1967:
1579: (1616)
1573: (1616)
1567: (1614)
1561: (1613)
1555: (1605)
1549: (1599)
1543: (1586)
1537: (1575)
1531: (1574)
1525: (1573)
1519: (1572)
1513: (1571)
1507: (1570)
1501: (1569)
1495: (1565)
1489: (1564)
1483: (1563)
1477: (1563)
1471: (1563)
1465: (1560)
1459: (1558)
1453: (1558)
1447: (1556)
1441: (1555)
1435: (1554)
1423: (1552)
1417: (1551)
1411: (1551)
1405: (1550)
1399: (1550)
1393: (1547)
1387: (1544)
1381: (1544)
1375: (1543)
1369: (1543)
1363: (1541)
1357: (1540)
1351: (1540)
1345: (1539)
1339: (1538)
1333: (1535)
1327: (1535)
1321: (1534)
1309: (1531)
1303: (1529)
1297: (1529)
1291: (1519)
1285: (1518)
1279: (1516)
1273: (1501)
1267: (1500)
1258:
1257:
1233:
1212: (1578)
1206: (1577)
1177: (1529)
1171: (1529)
1153: (1526)
1145:
966:
927:Petrovaradin
922:3rd Belgrade
912:2nd Belgrade
852:1st Belgrade
690:
564:
559:Mehmed Pasha
545:
414:
186:
181:Belligerents
145:
92:14 July 1683
42:Part of the
29:
3819:, Xlibris,
3637:Finlay 1877
3625:Finlay 1877
3601:Finlay 1877
3589:Finlay 1877
3577:Finlay 1877
3565:Finlay 1877
3541:Finlay 1877
3529:Finlay 1877
3517:Finlay 1877
3344:21 December
3275:Wilson 2016
3263:Wilson 1998
3208:Wiedeń 1683
3194:Wilson 2016
3107:in saying "
2789:Holy League
2735:Dardanelles
2534:Holy League
2232:Holy League
2003:Holy League
1361:4th Algiers
1343:Castelnuovo
1295:3rd Algiers
1289:2nd Algiers
1277:1st Algiers
1199:(1565–1568)
1195:(1551–1562)
1191:(1540–1547)
1187:(1529–1533)
1087: [
1040: [
1009: [
942:Zeytinburnu
802:Santa Maura
462:Suleiman II
188:Holy League
140:Territorial
3961:Categories
3182:References
3145:Tisa River
3117:Conclusion
3057:Kahlenberg
2755:Monemvasia
2555:, and the
2493:after the
2481:Morean War
2475:Morean War
2351:Mustafa II
2332:See also:
2128:Following
1559:Cape Corvo
1301:Formentera
1265:Cephalonia
1006:Studenitsa
984:Samothrace
862:Kostajnica
857:Negroponte
807:Vrtijeljka
797:Virovitica
750:Érsekújvár
484:Mustafa II
166:and inner
3939:The Serbs
3415:269329200
2985:Leopold I
2973:Louis XIV
2965:Franconia
2919:the first
2739:Nafpaktos
2727:Antirrion
2581:Acarnania
2507:Negropont
2460:Karlsruhe
2406:Borosjenő
2324:of 1718.
2165:Mehmed IV
2134:rebellion
2054:Louis XIV
1975:‹See Tfd›
1850:1916–1917
1845:1914–1918
1800:1686–1700
1733:1683–1699
1723:1672–1676
1718:1666–1671
1713:1633–1634
1708:1620–1621
1703:1615–1616
1683:1593–1606
1665:1502–1510
1660:1485–1503
1655:1443–1444
1650:1437–1442
1645:1415–1419
1640:1389–1396
1635:1375–1377
1541:Lanzarote
1529:5th Tunis
1523:4th Tunis
1499:3rd Tunis
1451:Balearics
1325:2nd Tunis
1319:1st Tunis
1307:Cherchell
1271:Balearics
1037:Novoselka
937:Oinousses
917:Slankamen
780:Szigetvár
451:Mehmed IV
277:Leopold I
3936:(2004).
3880:(1877).
3738:Archived
3695:Jasinski
3450:61822490
3159:See also
2825:Kamenets
2821:Moldavia
2717:and the
2684:Palamidi
2680:Nafplion
2632:Messenia
2624:Kalamata
2527:Kalamata
2449:Pristina
2371:Slavonia
2318:Dalmatia
2306:Slavonia
2246:and the
2207:Overview
2146:Cossacks
2101:and the
2069:Belgrade
2033:and the
2001:and the
1553:Hammamet
1535:Cadaqués
1517:Navarino
1505:2nd Gozo
1409:1st Gozo
1349:Girolata
1216:Long War
1084:Martynów
1079:Podhajce
1064:Ustechko
1032:Kamenets
1022:Moldavia
996:Chițcani
979:Sarajevo
897:Mytilene
867:Batočina
847:Derventa
822:Navarino
817:Kalamata
760:2nd Buda
735:1st Buda
725:Visegrád
595:Strength
473:Ahmed II
168:Dalmatia
104:Location
50:and the
3858:Sources
3675:9 March
3670:abtk.hu
3030:Hussars
3009:ravelin
3005:bastion
3001:sappers
2957:Bavaria
2909:– king
2849:Podolia
2711:Hanover
2688:Corinth
2672:Methoni
2668:Tripoli
2652:Tuscany
2645:in 1684
2643:Preveza
2589:Vonitsa
2585:Preveza
2577:Lefkada
2519:Maniots
2453:Prizren
2437:Balkans
2375:Croatia
2367:Hungary
2314:Podolia
2310:Croatia
2298:Hungary
2177:Podolia
2163:Sultan
2039:Balkans
2031:Hungary
1991:Turkish
1840:1877–78
1835:1853–56
1830:1828–29
1825:1806–12
1820:1787–92
1815:1768–74
1810:1735–39
1805:1710–11
1795:1676–81
1790:1568–70
1511:Lepanto
1481:Granada
1427:Corsica
1415:Tripoli
1397:Cullera
1355:Alborán
1337:Preveza
1283:Tlemcen
1169:Hungary
1049:Zernest
1027:Crimean
907:2nd Niš
892:Kačanik
872:1st Niš
832:Nauplia
791:Balkans
785:Kanizsa
740:Eperjes
715:Párkány
635:150,000
625:200,000
565:†
546:†
415:†
365:Peter I
152:Podolia
142:changes
122:Balkans
3946:
3823:
3803:. 2011
3787:
3760:
3500:
3473:
3448:
3438:
3413:
3403:
3373:
3063:Battle
2969:Swabia
2967:, and
2842:named
2840:hetman
2787:A new
2751:Mystra
2715:Patras
2692:Achaea
2620:Koroni
2561:Saxony
2551:, the
2547:, the
2503:Euboea
2499:Cyprus
2441:Kosovo
2427:Kosovo
2421:Danube
2387:Serbia
2340:, and
2328:Serbia
2252:Russia
2230:A new
2183:, the
2181:Warsaw
2136:, the
2021:, and
2019:Russia
2015:Venice
1979:German
1961:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1463:Djerba
1439:Béjaïa
1403:Mahdia
1385:Naples
1379:Lipari
1210:Bicske
1197:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1175:Vienna
1151:Mohács
1054:Oradea
957:Olasch
947:Andros
902:Kanina
882:Skopje
837:Patras
770:Mohács
710:Vienna
616:27,000
607:88,100
561:
542:
525:
497:
411:
132:Result
76:, the
72:, the
68:, the
46:, the
3868:[
3666:"Map"
3338:(PDF)
3323:(PDF)
3141:Zenta
2961:Baden
2953:Tulln
2676:Argos
2660:Pylos
2523:Morea
2399:Lippa
2395:Gyula
2383:Banat
2379:Bačka
1565:Malta
1547:Chios
1493:Malta
1433:Viste
1421:Ponza
1331:Mahón
1313:Coron
1091:]
1074:Lugos
1059:Hodów
1044:]
1017:]
974:Zenta
962:Bihać
952:Cenei
932:Chios
877:Vidin
827:Modon
812:Coron
755:Kassa
164:Morea
3944:ISBN
3821:ISBN
3785:ISBN
3758:ISBN
3677:2024
3651:and
3498:ISBN
3471:ISBN
3446:OCLC
3436:ISBN
3411:OCLC
3401:ISBN
3371:ISBN
3346:2011
3125:and
2805:Buda
2775:The
2723:Rion
2719:fort
2678:and
2587:and
2501:and
2485:The
2419:and
2417:Sava
2404:and
2381:and
2304:and
2279:Azov
2273:and
2185:Sejm
1968:The
1698:1612
1693:1607
1688:1595
1678:1561
1673:1526
1669:1524
1445:Oran
1367:Nice
1204:Győr
1001:Reni
887:Štip
765:Pécs
158:Azov
88:Date
2905:by
2721:of
2618:of
2132:'s
730:Vác
3963::
3808:^
3768:^
3693:.
3668:.
3444:.
3409:.
3379:,
3348:,
3325:,
3308:^
3244:^
3044:,
2971:.
2963:,
2959:,
2670:.
2397:,
2377:,
2369:,
2336:,
2300:,
2281:.
2203:.
2160:.
2045:.
2017:,
2013:,
2009:,
1993::
1981::
1089:pl
1042:uk
1015:uk
1013:;
1011:ru
94:–
3952:.
3915:.
3905:.
3697:.
3679:.
3506:.
3479:.
3452:.
3417:.
2917:(
2745:"
2505:(
1989:(
1972:(
1923:.
1767:e
1760:t
1753:v
1729:)
1725:(
1612:e
1605:t
1598:v
1125:e
1118:t
1111:v
682:e
675:t
668:v
191::
170:.
20:)
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