1831:, working in collaboration with local communists, created secret police forces using leadership trained in Moscow. This new secret police arrived to arrest political enemies according to prepared lists. The national Communists then took power in a gradualist manner, backed by the Soviets in many, but not all, cases. For a while, cooperative non-Communist parties were tolerated. The Communist governments nationalized private businesses, placing them under state ownership, and monitored the media and churches. When dividing up government offices with coalition partners, the Communists took control of the interior ministries, which controlled the local police. They also took control of the mass media, especially radio, as well as the education system. They confiscated and redistributed farmland, and seized control of or replaced the organizations of civil society, such as church groups, sports, youth groups, trade unions, farmers' organizations, and civic organizations. In some countries, they engaged in large-scale ethnic cleansing, moving ethnic groups such as Germans, Poles, Ukrainians and Hungarians far away from where they previously lived, often with high loss of life, to relocate them within the new post-war borders of their respective countries.
2216:
federation's monetary policy. Besides monetary policy, some of them even perform the supervision of the financial intermediary system. In the case of a price stability function, the inflation rate, in the examined area, relatively quickly dropped to below 5% by 2000. In monetary policy the differences are based on the euro-zone: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia use the common currency. The economies of this decade – similar to the previous one – show a moderate inflation. As a new phenomenon, a slight negative inflation (deflation) appeared in this decade in several countries (Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and
Slovenia), which demonstrates sensitivity regarding international developments. The majority of the constitutions determine the national currency, legal tender or monetary unit. The local currency exchange rate to the U.S. dollar shows that drastic interventions were not necessary. National wealth or assets are the property of the state or local governments and, as an exclusive property, the management and protection of them aim at serving the public interest.
5823:
1584:
14th and 15th century, the same time it was declining in
Western Europe. The climax came in the 17th and 18th century. The early 19th century saw its decline, marked especially by the abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861. Emancipation meant that the ex-serfs paid for their freedom with annual cash payments to their former masters for decades. The system varied widely country by country, and was not as standardized as in Western Europe. Historians, until the 20th century, focused on master-serf economic and labor relations, portraying the serfs as slave-like, passive, and isolated. 20th century scholars downplayed the evils and emphasize the complexities.
2066:
2035:
1972:
2225:
2255:
2212:
highest is 97%. The trend shows that the sovereign debt ratio to GDP in most countries has been rising. Only three countries are affected by high government debt: Croatia, Hungary and
Slovenia (over 70% of the GDP), while Slovakia and Poland fulfill the Maastricht requirement but only 10% below the threshold. The contribution to cover the finances for common needs is declared, the principle of just tax burden-sharing is supplemented sometimes with special aspects. Tax revenues expose typically 15–19 % of the GDP, and rates above 20% only rarely can be found.
189:
301:
9335:
145:
1563:-alphabet use is not a strict determinant for Eastern Europe, where from Croatia to Poland and everywhere in between, the Latin alphabet is used. Greece's status as the cradle of Western civilization and an integral part of the Western world in the political, cultural and economic spheres has led to it being nearly always classified as belonging not to Eastern, but Southern or Western Europe. During the late-sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries, Eastern Europe enjoyed a relatively high
499:
20:
582:
1417:
2208:
economic growth, and high government debt. By 2000 these economies were stabilized, and between 2004 and 2013 all of them joined the
European Union. Most of the constitutions define directly or indirectly the economic system of the countries parallel to the democratic transition of the 1990s: free-market economy (sometimes complemented with the socially oriented sector), economic development, or only economic rights are included as a ground for the economy.
6128:
6140:
475:
1271:
1763:
1668:, and millions of others killed by disease, starvation, and military action, or executed after being deemed as politically dangerous. During the final stages of World War II the future of Eastern Europe was decided by the overwhelming power of the Soviet Red Army, as it swept the Germans aside. It did not reach Yugoslavia and Albania, however. Finland was free but forced to be neutral in the upcoming Cold War.
1655:
all became democratic in the 1920s, but all of them (except
Czechoslovakia and Finland) gave up democracy during the depression years of the 1930s, in favor of autocratic, strong-man or single-party states. The new states were unable to form stable military alliances, and one by one were too weak to stand up against Nazi Germany or the Soviet Union, which took them over between 1938 and 1945.
2241:
1935:, an organization created in an attempt to avoid being assigned to either the NATO or Warsaw Pact blocs. The movement was demonstratively independent of both the Soviet Union and the Western bloc for most of the Cold War period, allowing Yugoslavia and its other members to act as a business and political mediator between the blocs.
1663:
Russia ended its participation in the First World War in March 1918 and lost territory, as the Baltic countries and Poland became independent. The region was the main battlefield in the Second World War (1939–45), with German and Soviet armies sweeping back and forth, with millions of Jews and others
1654:
Romania, Bulgaria, and
Albania likewise were independent. Many of the countries were still largely rural, with little industry and only a few urban centres. Nationalism was the dominant force but most of the countries had ethnic or religious minorities who felt threatened by majority elements. Nearly
572:
Historians and social scientists generally view such definitions as outdated or relegated. Many former
Communist states in this region, although their formal alliances were severed by the fall of the Berlin Wall, continued to feel a moral duty to support states that have not been "liberated from the
2211:
In the case of fiscal policy, the legislative, the executive and other state organs (Budget
Council, Economic and Social Council) define and manage the budgeting. The average government debt in the countries is nearly 44%, but the deviation is great because the lowest figure is close to 10% but the
2207:
The economic changes were in harmony with the constitutional reforms: constitutional provisions on public finances can be identified and, in some countries, a separate chapter deals with public finances. Generally, they soon encountered the following problems: high inflation, high unemployment, low
1583:
was a prevalent status of agricultural workers until the 19th century. It resembled slavery in terms of lack of freedom, with the distinction that the landowners could not buy and sell serfs separately from the specific plots of land that they were permanently attached to. The system emerged in the
1823:
of
Germany. All the countries in Eastern Europe adopted communist modes of control by 1948. These countries were officially independent of the Soviet Union, but the practical extent of this independence was quite limited. Yugoslavia and Albania had Communist control that was independent of the
490:
between the
Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Catholic) churches. Later developments meant that the divide was no longer solely between Catholic and Orthodox churches. From the 16th century, both Western and Eastern forms of Protestantism began to emerge in Europe. Additionally, Eastern Catholic
1514:
were founded in parts of Eastern Europe. Introduction of German town law is often seen as a second great step after introduction of Christianity at the turn of the first and second millennia. The ensuing modernization of society and economy allowed the increased role played by the rulers of
2215:
The state audit of the government budget and expenditures is an essential control element in public finances and an important part of the concept of checks and balances. The central banks are independent state institutions, which possess a monopoly on managing and implementing a state's or
5271:
1571:
levels in eastern Europe were relatively low, although regional differences existed. During the 18th century, the regions began to catch up with western Europe, but did not develop as rapidly. Areas with stronger female autonomy developed more quickly in terms of numeracy.
1950:. When China established diplomatic relations with the United States in 1978, Albania also broke away from China. Albania and especially Yugoslavia were not unanimously appended to the Eastern Bloc, as they were neutral for a large part of the Cold War period.
1618:
A major result of the First World War was the breakup of the Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman empires, as well as partial losses to the German Empire. A surge of ethnic nationalism created a series of new states in Eastern Europe, validated by the
4484:
5268:
1066:
In some media, "Southeast Europe" can thus partially overlap with "Eastern Europe" of the Cold War Era. The following countries are labelled Southeast European by some commentators, though others still consider them to be Eastern European.
5051:
518:(often incorrectly labelled "Greek Orthodox") churches in the east. Due to this religious cleavage, Eastern Orthodox countries are often associated with Eastern Europe. A cleavage of this sort is, however, often problematic; for example,
4213:
935:
In some media, "Central Europe" can thus partially overlap with "Eastern Europe" of the Cold War Era. The following countries are labelled Central European by some commentators, though others still consider them to be Eastern European.
3238:
522:
is overwhelmingly Orthodox, but is very rarely included in "Eastern Europe", for a variety of reasons, the most prominent being that Greece's history, for the most part, was more influenced by Mediterranean cultures and dynamics.
4307:
2560:
3200:
6831:
287:
boundaries of "Eastern Europe" are subject to some overlap and, most importantly, have undergone historical fluctuations, which makes a precise definition of the western geographic boundaries of Eastern Europe and the
164:
connotations. It has also been described as a "fuzzy" term, as the idea itself of Eastern Europe is in constant redefinition. The solidification of the idea of an "Eastern Europe" dates back chiefly to the (French)
1689:
at the onset of the Cold War in 1947 was far behind the Western European countries in economic rebuilding and economic progress. Winston Churchill, in his well-known "Sinews of Peace" address of 5 March 1946, at
4668:
Baten, Joerg; Szołtysek, Mikołaj (2017). ""Girl Power" in Eastern Europe? The human capital development of Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries and its determinants".
3941:
5106:
4721:
3069:
545:
brought the end of the Cold War east–west division in Europe, but this geopolitical concept is sometimes still used for quick reference by the media. Another definition was used during the 40 years of
1635:
by the Soviet Union), Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Austria and Hungary had much-reduced boundaries. The new states included sizeable ethnic minorities, which were to be protected according to the
666:
2956:
2419:
152:
Several definitions of Eastern Europe exist in the early 21st century, but they often lack precision and may be anachronistic. These definitions are debated across cultures and among experts, even
3970:
6450:
1827:
The communists had a natural reservoir of popularity in that they had destroyed the Nazi invaders. Their goal was to guarantee long-term working-class solidarity. The Soviet secret police, the
2204:, that accessed in 2004 and after: in 2004 the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, and the Slovak Republic; in 2007 Bulgaria, Romania; and in 2013 Croatia.
4955:
4633:, Norman Davies, Europe: a History, 2010, Eve Johansson, Official Publications of Western Europe, Volume 1, 1984, Thomas Greer and Gavin Lewis, A Brief History of the Western World, 2004
4304:
3320:
6760:
4523:
6531:
4374:
2328:
6791:
6772:
6801:
3791:
1685:
The region fell to Soviet control and Communist governments were imposed. Yugoslavia, Albania (and later Romania) had their own Communist regimes independent of Moscow. The
1682:
in one of the largest ethnic cleansing operations in history. Regions where Germans had formed the local population majority were re-settled with Polish- or Czech-speakers.
6561:
6403:
5547:
38:. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. Its eastern boundary is marked by the
6881:
6683:
6796:
6784:
6573:
1672:
1511:
368:
at the time. "European" as a cultural term did not include much of the territories where the Orthodox Church represented the dominant religion until the 19th century.
6816:
4256:
4112:
2853:
780:
noted that Armenia and Georgia may enter the EU in the future. However, Georgia is currently the only South Caucasus nation actively seeking NATO and EU membership.
3162:
6841:
6511:
2706:
6821:
2761:
6806:
3019:
2985:
3057:
631:, classifies Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia, plus the candidate countries Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia as
7621:
7056:
6755:
3713:
7482:
6836:
6526:
5538:
2924:
2415:
4802:
6767:
3935:
1055:
Some countries in Southeast Europe can be considered part of Eastern Europe. Some of them can sometimes, albeit rarely, be characterized as belonging to
447:
have also been influential in Eastern Europe. Countries where Eastern Protestantism or Eastern Catholicism hold historical significance include Belarus,
3962:
340:
of 1054, significant parts of Eastern Europe developed cultural unity and resistance to Catholic Western and Central Europe within the framework of the
6538:
6303:
2338:
1639:
minority protection regime. Throughout Eastern Europe, ethnic Germans constituted by far the largest single ethnic minority. In some areas, as in the
6259:
1815:
Eastern Europe after 1945 usually meant all the European countries liberated from Nazi Germany and then occupied by the Soviet army. It included the
6298:
1409:, the Parthians would invade the region several times, although it was never able to hold the area, unlike the Sassanids who controlled most of the
7710:
6678:
1596:
and the United States did not extend in any significant way to the rest of the world. Even in Eastern Europe, industrialization lagged far behind.
3757:
3090:
7701:
7676:
7597:
7592:
7587:
6898:
6826:
6779:
3902:
2450:
1675:
4966:
2815:
7825:
7135:
3350:
7691:
7078:
3312:
2268:
2117:, and the Soviet Union were dissolved. Many European nations that had been part of the Soviet Union declared or regained their independence (
805:
7377:
7367:
3671:
3563:
3489:
7611:
7412:
7382:
6724:
4336:
2621:
7083:
6620:
6566:
4406:
2333:
1772:
573:
tyranny of capitalism". This shared duty collapsed when most of the former Soviet satellites abandoned socialism and adopted capitalism.
4919:
4139:
9099:
8958:
6811:
6750:
4507:
4069:
128:
The term is sometimes considered to be pejorative, through stereotypes about Eastern Europe being inferior (poorer, less developed) to
5082:
4468:
4358:
2513:
7631:
7606:
6331:
3592:
3270:
1939:
628:
3426:
Fernández RodrĂguez, JosĂ© Manuel (28 November 2016). "Eastern Protestant and Reformed Churches "a historical and ecumenical look"".
1631:
had divided it between Germany, Austria, and Russia. New countries included Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine (which was
760:
or histories of Eastern Europe. They are located in the transition zone of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. They participate in the
9285:
7651:
7472:
7168:
6698:
5531:
5062:
The Cold War 1945-1991. Vol. 2, Leaders and other important figures in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China, and the Third World
2313:
1924:
4172:
3783:
3624:
3406:
7616:
6610:
6496:
6178:
5832:
4197:
1609:
1223:
896:
801:
6113:
within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.
9092:
8978:
7721:
7422:
6891:
4565:
2589:
1345:. These peripheral kingdoms were, either from the start or later on, incorporated into various Iranian empires, including the
9087:
9021:
6719:
5476:
5422:
5364:
5235:
5216:
5024:
4368:
4250:
3557:
3483:
3451:
3383:
3194:
3148:
2847:
2700:
2540:
5370:
5159:
3734:
9082:
9046:
8985:
6348:
5103:
4718:
3992:
Simic, Predrag (2001). "Do the Balkans Exist? Visions of the Future of Southeastern Europe: Perspectives from the Region".
1946:, aligning itself instead with China. Albania formally left the Warsaw pact in September 1968 after the suppression of the
9360:
4101:
3822:
3222:
2837:
2479:
1491:
in 1054, heightened the cultural and religious distinctiveness between Eastern and Western Europe. Much of Eastern Europe
9075:
9070:
9016:
7577:
7532:
7447:
7372:
5524:
1492:
5506:
2646:
1567:. This period is also called the east-central European golden age of around 1600. At the beginning of the 17th century,
8944:
7818:
7686:
6615:
6486:
6336:
6016:
5293:
4618:
2554:
1254:
929:
305:
2754:
148:
Traditional cultural borders of Europe: usage recommendation by the Standing Committee on Geographical Names, Germany.
9026:
7437:
6408:
5454:
5195:
5153:
4652:
4517:
4478:
4454:
4437:
4207:
3701:
3522:
3274:
3232:
2942:
2732:
2283:
3645:
3007:
2977:
85:; the main socio-cultural characteristics of Eastern Europe have historically been defined by the traditions of the
9041:
9031:
8973:
8951:
8934:
8929:
8848:
7696:
7547:
6965:
6903:
6637:
6214:
3184:
1913:
1448:. This cultural and linguistic division was eventually reinforced by the later political east–west division of the
1289:
7666:
4698:
3851:
1632:
9051:
8880:
8746:
8660:
8610:
7626:
7442:
7362:
6734:
6593:
6081:
2390:
2293:
1909:
1905:
769:
492:
440:
289:
4799:
1600:, for example, remained largely rural and agricultural, and its autocratic rulers kept the peasants in serfdom.
8995:
7552:
7342:
6627:
1901:
804:
in the South Caucasus region that exist under the presence of Russian military. Both states participate in the
2780:"The normative threat of subtle subversion: the return of 'Eastern Europe' as an ontological insecurity trope"
2510:"United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)-Geographic Regions"
1428:
at the death of Theodosius I in 395. The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 while the Eastern lasted until 1453.
9305:
9290:
7811:
7752:
7477:
7402:
7012:
6583:
6556:
5304:
2672:
2318:
2149:
1917:
1691:
1651:, German speakers constituted the local majority, creating upheaval regarding demands of self-determination.
1322:
757:
265:
9338:
8990:
8620:
8347:
8052:
7727:
7681:
7512:
7161:
6600:
6506:
5929:
3265:[The shape of Europe. The spirit of unity through culture in the eve of Modern Europe] (in Czech).
827:
3108:
855:
491:
Churches began to spread in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries, following the establishment of the
8477:
7772:
7671:
7522:
7357:
6955:
6729:
6277:
6264:
6171:
6107:
Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.
5074:
Fuchs-SchĂĽndeln, Nicola, and Matthias SchĂĽndeln. "The long-term effects of communism in Eastern Europe."
4402:
1766:
Pre-1989 division between the "West" (grey) and "Eastern Bloc" (orange) superimposed on current borders:
776:, which specifies that all three have political and cultural connections to Europe. In January 2002, the
662:
6950:
6388:
356:
The earliest concept of Europe as a cultural sphere (instead of simply a geographic term) was formed by
172:
There are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region". A related
9404:
8655:
8640:
7938:
7923:
7661:
7563:
7507:
7452:
6859:
6688:
6415:
6293:
6271:
4768:
3881:
3094:
2370:
2109:, the Federal Republic of Germany peacefully absorbed the German Democratic Republic in 1990. In 1991,
1816:
632:
595:
515:
245:
While the eastern geographical boundaries of Europe are well defined, the boundary between Eastern and
133:
5244:
Nachtigal, Reinhard. "Current Historiography on Eastern Europe during the First World War: A Review."
3911:
2442:
9036:
8968:
8939:
8924:
8665:
8590:
7602:
7066:
6871:
6644:
6378:
6353:
5043:
Donert, Celia, Emily Greble, and Jessica Wardhaugh. "New Scholarship on Central and Eastern Europe."
1620:
1284:
444:
428:
5282:
4506:
Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles; Pappas, Nicholas C. J. (1994).
3342:
920:
The term "Central Europe" is often used by historians to designate states formerly belonging to the
42:, whilst its western boundary is defined in various ways. Most definitions include the countries of
8625:
8542:
8125:
7838:
7715:
7541:
7487:
7467:
7417:
6398:
6368:
6363:
6268:
4581:
Martyn Rady, "The German Settlement in Central and Eastern Europe during the High Middle Ages." in
2876:"Destination branding, niche marketing and national image projection in Central and Eastern Europe"
2546:
1722:
has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of
1441:
681:
regional cooperation forum whereas Central European countries formed their own alliance called the
673:, whereas the CIA World Factbook places the region in Eastern Europe with a strong assimilation to
7803:
5356:
The Balkans and the Byzantine World before and after the Captures of Constantinople, 1204 and 1453
9399:
9272:
8963:
8870:
8547:
8257:
8252:
7777:
7706:
7558:
7536:
7432:
7154:
7061:
6501:
6470:
4595:
Jan M. Pisorski (2008). "Medieval Colonization in East Central Europe". In Ingrao; Szabo (eds.).
3675:
3539:
3465:
2288:
1536:
432:
361:
341:
5269:
Mental Maps: The Cognitive Mapping of the Continent as an Object of Research of European History
4328:
1432:
The earliest known distinctions between east and west in Europe originate in the history of the
9249:
9056:
8650:
8453:
7581:
7517:
7502:
7458:
7043:
7002:
6992:
6578:
6164:
5602:
4396:
2273:
1820:
1624:
1076:
690:
4238:
9342:
9206:
9126:
8769:
8670:
8279:
7792:
7428:
7073:
6085:
5948:
5919:
5331:
4916:
3136:
1927:(SFRY; formed after World War II and before its later dismemberment) was not a member of the
709:
cooperation that includes the three countries collectively referred to as the Baltic states.
686:
4061:
2690:
9216:
8192:
7910:
7742:
7572:
7497:
7347:
7332:
7090:
6455:
6341:
5079:
3712:
V. Martynov, The End of East-West Division But Not the End of History, UN Chronicle, 2000 (
2509:
2106:
2065:
2034:
1971:
1932:
1679:
1628:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1461:
1425:
1421:
830:(1991–2000) – existed in former Soviet territory until it was driven into exile during the
702:
365:
337:
166:
153:
94:
4147:
3584:
8:
8865:
8530:
8467:
8443:
8274:
8135:
8081:
8022:
7993:
7933:
7928:
7767:
7493:
7407:
7327:
7322:
7313:
6886:
6876:
6703:
6588:
6319:
6239:
6224:
6041:
5874:
5672:
3132:
3065:
2360:
2278:
2224:
2094:
1279:
1150:
1149:(usually grouped with the non-Baltic post-Soviet states but sometimes considered part of
1100:
1090:
977:
836:
777:
765:
698:
678:
542:
436:
6020:
1436:. As the Roman domain expanded, a cultural and linguistic division appeared. The mainly
249:
is not geographical but historical, religious and cultural, and is harder to designate.
9153:
8774:
8737:
8615:
8061:
7983:
7943:
7918:
7787:
7757:
7747:
7732:
7637:
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7028:
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6429:
6219:
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5115:
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4001:
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2948:
2905:
2807:
2343:
1564:
1476:
849:
831:
694:
261:
193:
177:
3464:
Parushev, Parush; Apollo, Toivo (2004). McGrath, Alister E.; Marks, Darren C. (eds.).
188:
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8506:
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5231:
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5149:
5020:
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4614:
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4246:
4203:
3697:
3553:
3518:
3479:
3448:
3379:
3228:
3190:
3154:
3144:
3010:[The large-scale division of Europe according to cultural-spatial criteria].
2952:
2938:
2909:
2897:
2843:
2811:
2799:
2696:
2666:
2550:
2395:
1943:
1850:
was created in 1949, most countries of Eastern Europe became members of the opposing
1648:
1636:
1544:
1465:
1406:
1370:
1362:
1346:
1342:
1326:
1314:
925:
921:
794:
773:
753:
479:
388:
349:
82:
6383:
5069:
Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism
5005:
4562:
2730:
1834:
Under Stalin's direct instructions, these nations rejected grants from the American
839:(1991–2023) – breakaway state from Azerbaijan that ceased to exist by 1 January 2024
682:
300:
176:
paper adds that "every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and
75:
9315:
9310:
9300:
9229:
8906:
8860:
8803:
8732:
8595:
8489:
8438:
8416:
8269:
8216:
8155:
7646:
7527:
7352:
7051:
6977:
6960:
6938:
6693:
6077:
5464:
5228:
Transition Economies: Political Economy in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia
5181:
5139:
4911:
Jeronim Perović, "The Tito-Stalin split: a reassessment in light of new evidence."
3545:
3471:
3431:
2930:
2887:
2791:
2586:
2380:
2246:
1695:
1592:
Before 1870, the industrialization that had started to develop in Northwestern and
1556:
1532:
1507:
1469:
1402:
1354:
1202:
1184:
1170:
1140:
1046:
1033:
1010:
996:
967:
949:
879:
98:
5447:
Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment
2795:
201: Eastern Europe here is mainly equivalent to the European part of the former
9201:
8702:
8690:
8675:
8630:
8580:
8520:
8462:
8423:
8411:
8404:
8313:
8130:
8113:
8088:
7641:
7387:
7125:
7032:
7019:
7007:
6982:
6972:
6908:
6132:
6045:
5853:
5732:
5559:
5354:
5308:
5297:
5286:
5275:
5206:
5185:
5143:
5110:
5086:
5055:
5038:
4923:
4806:
4725:
4702:
4569:
4311:
4086:
3726:
3443:
Milovanović, Aleksandra Djurić; Radić, Radmila (2017-10-11). "Parts I, II, III".
3296:
2736:
2593:
2375:
2303:
1665:
1548:
1394:
1350:
1310:
1216:
1161:
1114:
1056:
706:
674:
670:
507:
404:
345:
114:
3696:
Peter John, Local Governance in Western Europe, University of Manchester, 2001,
2779:
2355:
9346:
9295:
9194:
9158:
9138:
9121:
9061:
8825:
8717:
8695:
8685:
8537:
8515:
8399:
8394:
8374:
8301:
8247:
8199:
8170:
8076:
8066:
7211:
6548:
6229:
6110:
5807:
5622:
5340:
5316:
The History of the Balkan Peninsula; From the Earliest Times to the Present Day
5258:
4995:
3814:
3371:
3266:
2892:
2875:
2471:
2385:
2365:
2298:
2197:
2169:
2161:
2153:
2146:
1994:
1723:
1593:
1540:
1453:
1445:
1433:
1330:
1198:
1188:
1174:
1136:
1104:
1060:
1029:
1014:
1000:
981:
963:
953:
940:
915:
761:
741:
566:
357:
253:
246:
173:
129:
102:
39:
5501:
4430:
Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts
2755:"Population Division, DESA, United Nations: World Population Ageing 1950-2050"
1547:(which had replaced the Frankish empire) led to a change of the importance of
9393:
9375:
9362:
9320:
9189:
9181:
9148:
8885:
8835:
8727:
8722:
8712:
8562:
8525:
8433:
8428:
8330:
8235:
7292:
7130:
6933:
6632:
6460:
6144:
5892:
5858:
5692:
3937:
European Parliament on the European Union's relations with the South Caucasus
3158:
2901:
2803:
2260:
2201:
2130:
1947:
1835:
1341:
respectively, while the latter two were the predecessor states of modern-day
817:
649:
161:
144:
67:
6943:
5290:
5048:
4195:
3269:: Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands, The Institute of History,
3261:
2600:. Wheeling Jesuit University/Center for Educational Technologies, 1999–2002.
498:
19:
9224:
9163:
9143:
9133:
8843:
8815:
8570:
8308:
8242:
8211:
8160:
8032:
7961:
7898:
7888:
7297:
6254:
6249:
5897:
5863:
5812:
5486:
4782:
Orderly and Humane. The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War
3262:"Uspořádánà Evropy – duch kulturnà jednoty na prahu vzniku novověké Evropy"
2102:
2098:
1897:
1865:
1856:
1839:
1810:
1715:
1686:
1613:
1449:
1398:
1250:
1242:
903:
859:
581:
551:
536:
495:
in 1596. However, the concept of Eastern Catholicism itself predates this.
273:
202:
157:
122:
118:
110:
3549:
3475:
2934:
2613:
2228:
Population pyramid of Eastern Europe in 2023 (UN geoscheme classification)
1416:
667:
Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography
9280:
9239:
9170:
8875:
8764:
8707:
8635:
8585:
8472:
8448:
8337:
8175:
8093:
8071:
8047:
7893:
7883:
7265:
6516:
6244:
6234:
5975:
5792:
5727:
4687:
4611:
A History of Eastern Europe 1740–1918: Empires, Nations and Modernisation
4449:
The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth,
3649:
2323:
2114:
1928:
1851:
1791:
1640:
1587:
1501:
1457:
1437:
1212:
557:
532:
5468:
4005:
2839:
Defining 'Eastern Europe': A Semantic Inquiry into Political Terminology
1089:(Geographically located in Asia, though most often considered a part of
8810:
8779:
8605:
8600:
8264:
8225:
8187:
8105:
7978:
7863:
7858:
7196:
6445:
5762:
5722:
5702:
5682:
5587:
5345:
4695:
3313:"Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe"
3041:
Drake, Miriam A. (2005) Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science
1762:
1707:
1552:
1338:
1246:
1156:
789:
749:
511:
482:, the borderline of which is creating a border between cultural regions
400:
277:
269:
257:
86:
62:
while less restrictive definitions may also include some or all of the
4000:(1). Research Center of the Slovak Foreign Policy Association: 19–39.
3963:"Nagorno-Karabakh's breakaway government says it will dissolve itself"
1253:, geographically lies in Eastern Europe, thus technically making it a
549:
between 1947 and 1989, and was more or less synonymous with the terms
435:
has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and
9257:
8916:
8890:
8820:
8798:
8791:
8575:
8352:
8286:
8182:
8005:
7988:
7873:
7868:
7842:
7236:
6104:
Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.
5925:
5697:
4820:
Uprooted: How Breslau Became Wroclaw during the Century of Expulsions
3617:"Eastern rite church | History, Beliefs & Practices | Britannica"
3399:"Eastern rite church | History, Beliefs & Practices | Britannica"
2138:
2010:
1885:
1751:
1472:—had a survival strategy that kept it alive for another 1,000 years.
1378:
973:
723:
624:
562:
456:
4713:
Boris B. Gorshkov, "Serfdom: Eastern Europe" in Peter Stearns, ed.,
3843:
474:
8784:
8389:
8325:
8296:
8206:
8165:
7973:
7953:
7833:
7287:
7256:
7206:
6605:
6117:
6067:
6037:
5958:
5953:
5843:
5777:
5772:
5747:
5607:
5175:
History of the Balkans, Vol. 1: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
3585:"Union of Brest-Litovsk | Polish-Soviet, Treaty, 1918 | Britannica"
2193:
2189:
2165:
2157:
2053:
2026:
2022:
1747:
1743:
1703:
1568:
1560:
1410:
1194:
1126:
1081:
1025:
1020:
812:
735:
546:
487:
468:
464:
380:
106:
71:
6156:
6012:
5502:
Interview with historian Larry Wolff on "Inventing Eastern Europe"
5301:
5119:
Lost in Transition: Ethnographies of Everyday Life After Communism
3874:"Department for General Assembly and Conference Management |"
1942:
broke with the Soviet Union in the early 1960s as a result of the
8756:
8494:
8384:
8342:
8230:
8042:
8037:
7966:
7271:
7246:
7241:
7226:
7216:
7201:
7191:
7146:
6062:
5802:
5752:
5712:
5667:
5662:
5652:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5612:
5597:
5592:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5511:
5009:
Decades of Crisis: Central and Eastern Europe before World War II
4457:, "page 1515, "The Thracians were subdued by the Persians by 516"
4236:
2308:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2142:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2110:
2084:
2057:
2002:
1998:
1893:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1843:
1711:
1580:
1516:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1358:
1334:
1318:
1166:
1146:
1132:
1096:
1071:
1050:
992:
959:
945:
890:
875:
871:
866:
784:
745:
713:
669:, and the STW Thesaurus for Economics place the Baltic states in
658:
620:
586:
452:
448:
424:
420:
408:
396:
376:
284:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
3030:– via Ständiger Ausschuss fĂĽr geographische Namen (StAGN).
506:
Since the Great Schism of 1054, Europe has been divided between
9262:
8366:
8320:
8027:
8014:
7261:
7251:
7231:
6187:
5970:
5848:
5822:
5797:
5787:
5767:
5757:
5742:
5737:
5717:
5687:
5657:
5642:
5617:
5551:
5440:
Central and East European Politics: From Communism to Democracy
5126:
The Columbia History of Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century
4509:
An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires
3018:(4). Leipzig: Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde (IfL): 162–173.
2329:
List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Eastern Europe
2181:
2134:
2018:
2006:
1990:
1889:
1869:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1644:
1597:
1520:
1390:
1366:
1230:
1208:
1180:
1110:
1086:
1006:
987:
885:
718:
654:
519:
460:
416:
412:
392:
384:
90:
47:
35:
24:
5102:
edited by Peter N. Stearns, (vol. 2: 2001), pp. 379–388.
4305:"Police Cooperation Convention for Southeast Europe (PCC SEE)"
4243:
Geopolitics of European Union Enlargement: The Fortress Empire
364:
of the 9th century, limited to the territories that practised
9113:
9008:
8552:
7850:
7834:
6072:
5782:
5707:
5677:
2014:
1755:
1122:
1118:
375:
is formed by countries with dominant Orthodox churches, like
3873:
8147:
6527:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
6521:
5963:
5248:
41.4 (2022): 323–339. doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2022.2117908
5145:
History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
3143:(Rev. and expanded ed.). University of Toronto Press.
2598:
Global Perspectives: A Remote Sensing and World Issues Site
1847:
1828:
1799: Other former Communist states not aligned with Moscow
1782:
1444:. In contrast, the western territories largely adopted the
1304:
486:
The schism refers to the historical break of communion and
4191:
4189:
2978:"Eastern promise and Western pretension – DW – 09/07/2018"
1896:). Other countries dominated by the Soviet Union were the
1854:, forming a geopolitical concept that became known as the
1698:, stressed the geopolitical impact of the "iron curtain":
1543:
in the 15th century, and the gradual fragmentation of the
1333:), of which the former two were the predecessor states of
5279:
5253:
Eastern Europe: Politics, Culture, and Society Since 1939
4963:
Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review
4645:
A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present
4239:"Borders in Central Europe: From Conflict to Cooperation"
2542:
Eastern Europe: politics, culture, and society since 1939
1658:
1452:. The division between these two spheres deepened during
5546:
3008:"Großgliederung Europas nach kulturräumlichen Kriterien"
304:
Regions used for statistical processing purposes by the
5461:
Eastern Europe Unmapped: Beyond Borders and Peripheries
5000:
Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944–1956
4935:
Stavro Skendi, "Albania and the Sino-Soviet Conflict."
4843:
Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944–1956
4505:
4329:"A List of Countries That Make up the Balkan Peninsula"
4196:
Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek; Louise Olga Vasvári (2011).
4186:
4159:
4157:
2534:
2532:
2530:
1464:
collapsed in the 5th century, marking the start of the
5017:
From Peoples Into Nations: A History of Eastern Europe
3445:
Orthodox Christian Renewal Movements in Eastern Europe
1588:
Lack of industrialization during the long 19th century
276:
with the most western parts of it located west of the
5035:
A Political and Economic Dictionary of Eastern Europe
3058:"The concept of "Eastern Europe" in past and present"
4853:
4851:
4154:
3646:"Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land"
3378:(new ed.), New York: Penguin Books, p. 8,
3083:
2926:
Ideologies of Eastness in Central and Eastern Europe
2527:
2236:
295:
6539:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
5410:
4956:"Macroeconomic Legal Trends in the EU11 Countries"
4752:Western Civilization: Alternate Volume: Since 1300
4466:
4102:"Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI)"
3260:
3182:
2692:The handbook of political change in Eastern Europe
2339:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
2200:and Eastern European member states, including the
2160:in 1993. Many countries of this region joined the
1440:eastern provinces had formed the highly urbanized
5098:Gorshkov, Boris B. "Serfdom: Eastern Europe." in
4848:
4467:Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (7 July 2011).
3224:East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500
2688:
9391:
7711:German occupation of Estonia during World War II
5512:Emerging Europe - A new narrative for the region
5352:
5225:
4232:
4230:
4068:. Central Intelligence Agency. 18 January 2022.
3517:(2nd ed.). Ignatius Press. pp. 13–19.
3515:Rome and the Eastern Churches: A Study in Schism
1844:Comecon (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)
4594:
3541:The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity
3538:Galadza, Peter (2007-07-04). Parry, Ken (ed.).
3252:
3227:. University of Washington Press. p. 161.
2739:. Eurovoc.europa.eu. Retrieved on 4 March 2015.
2653:. Archived from the original on 31 October 2017
2608:
2606:
1361:and some more northern areas were ruled by the
136:is sometimes used for a more neutral grouping.
6497:Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO)
4667:
4278:A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change
4140:"U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
4134:
4132:
3544:. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 291–309.
3470:. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 155–160.
3463:
2684:
2682:
1868:(which included the modern-day territories of
1603:
113:, with "Eastern Europe" being synonymous with
7819:
7162:
6720:Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)
6172:
5532:
5449:. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994.
5049:New Scholarship on Central and Eastern Europe
4389:
4321:
4227:
4109:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
4081:
4079:
3904:How Armenia Could Approach the European Union
3220:
2408:
2269:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations
806:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations
109:, as Europe was ideologically divided by the
5898:autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark
5405:Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.
5346:Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin
4796:Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin
4237:Armstrong, Werwick; Anderson, James (2007).
4046:Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbours, Friends
3294:
2603:
2582:
2580:
2578:
1819:(also known as East Germany), formed by the
1499:
1468:. By contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire—the
638:
569:outside the Soviet Union as Eastern Europe.
81:The region represents a significant part of
27:focused over the continent's eastern portion
5438:Wolchik, Sharon L. and Jane L. Curry, eds.
5190:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press.
5148:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press.
4737:David Moon, "Reassessing Russian Serfdom."
4642:
4129:
4088:Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends
3186:Religion and Culture in Early Modern Europe
2999:
2679:
2334:List of political parties in Eastern Europe
1781: Other countries formerly part of the
1510:became centers of economic development and
1278:It has been suggested that this section be
823:Former republics with limited recognition:
7826:
7812:
7622:Czech resistance against German occupation
7169:
7155:
6404:Sovereign states and dependent territories
6179:
6165:
5539:
5525:
4690:, "The Rise of Serfdom in Eastern Europe"
4647:. Cambridge University Press. p. 46.
4546:The grand strategy of the Byzantine Empire
4076:
4056:
4054:
4025:
2726:
2724:
2641:
2639:
1559:concept in Europe. Armour points out that
561:. A similar definition names the formerly
7281:Sovereign states with limited recognition
6522:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
5435:(1988) 430pp; country-by-country coverage
5323:Eastern Europe Between the Wars 1918-1941
5187:History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century
5180:
5138:
4779:
4765:League of Nations and National Minorities
4356:
3784:"Concept: 914 Central and Eastern Europe"
3343:"The History of Georgian Orthodox Church"
3271:Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
3189:. Oxford University Press. pp. 38–.
2891:
2835:
2784:Cambridge Review of International Affairs
2749:
2747:
2745:
2575:
2196:. The term "EU11 countries" refer to the
1241:Despite being frequently classified as a
862:are considered a part of Eastern Europe:
629:Publications Office of the European Union
283:In the west, however, the historical and
6487:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
6120:which has sovereignty over Vatican City.
5433:The Other Europe: Eastern Europe to 1945
5226:Myant, Martin; Drahokoupil, Jan (2010).
5100:Encyclopedia of European Social History,
5014:
4557:Denis Sinor, "The Mongols in the West."
3467:The Blackwell Companion to Protestantism
3258:
2695:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 1–.
2314:Future enlargement of the European Union
2223:
2105:, and indeed the world, changed. In the
2101:in 1989, the political landscape of the
1925:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1761:
1415:
1309:Ancient kingdoms of the region included
1305:Classical antiquity and medieval origins
580:
497:
473:
299:
280:, also shares a part of Eastern Europe.
192:European regional grouping according to
187:
143:
105:. Another definition was created by the
18:
6260:Crisis situations and unrest since 2000
5408:
5403:What Was Socialism and What Comes Next?
5204:
4953:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4817:
4715:Encyclopedia of European Social History
4051:
4012:
3537:
3512:
3323:from the original on September 18, 2018
3176:
3131:
3051:
3049:
2922:
2777:
2721:
2636:
2440:
1493:was invaded and occupied by the Mongols
526:
9392:
6735:European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
5093:The Politics of Gender After Socialism
4613:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 23.
4599:. Purdue University Press. p. 31.
4199:Comparative Hungarian Cultural Studies
3301:. K.K. Publications. pp. 125–127.
3214:
3005:
2742:
1940:Socialist People's Republic of Albania
1659:World War II and onset of the Cold War
1040:
7807:
7150:
6160:
5520:
5133:The Balkans: A Post-Communist History
4784:. Yale University Press. p. 331.
4585:(Palgrave Macmillan, 1999) pp. 11-47.
4300:
4298:
3991:
3973:from the original on 15 November 2023
3960:
3813:Division, United Nations Statistics.
3737:from the original on 14 November 2020
3611:
3609:
3508:
3506:
3022:from the original on 27 December 2023
2624:from the original on 11 February 2021
2538:
2422:from the original on 25 November 2023
1282:out into another article titled
843:
5463:(1 ed.). Berghahn Books. 2020.
5131:Jeffries, Ian, and Robert Bideleux.
4942:
4422:
4377:from the original on 12 January 2022
4357:Porter, Malcolm; Lye, Keith (2008).
4020:The Transformation of Western Europe
3812:
3794:from the original on 27 October 2023
3434::10.11144/javeriana.tx66-182.ioproh.
3370:
3055:
3046:
2873:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
1264:
1013:but sometimes partially included in
874:(sometimes considered a part of the
268:of the eastern edge of Europe. E.g.
7617:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
6601:European Union Customs Union (EUCU)
6584:European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)
6186:
5335:Eastern Europe in the Postwar World
5095:(Princeton University Press, 2000).
4671:European Review of Economic History
4583:The German Lands and Eastern Europe
4409:from the original on 9 January 2021
4288:Hötte, Hans; Mihalik, Béla (2016).
2614:""Eastern Europe" Wrongly labelled"
2416:"Regions of Europe: Eastern Europe"
1610:International relations (1919–1939)
1479:in the west, and in particular the
1393:. Owing to the rivalry between the
1249:'s territory, situated west of the
1059:, and some may also be included in
16:Subregion of the European continent
13:
7722:Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
7423:Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic
7176:
6730:Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC)
6507:European Political Community (EPC)
5300:, 2013, retrieved: March 4, 2020 (
4988:
4526:from the original on 30 March 2024
4487:from the original on 30 March 2024
4295:
4072:from the original on Feb 19, 2024.
3961:Sauer, Pjotr (28 September 2023).
3755:
3606:
3503:
3141:Historical Atlas of Central Europe
2836:Twardzisz, Piotr (25 April 2018).
2709:from the original on 30 March 2024
2647:"A New Journal for Central Europe"
2563:from the original on 30 March 2024
1931:. It was a founding member of the
802:republics with limited recognition
729:
585:European sub-regions according to
306:United Nations Statistics Division
156:, as the term has a wide range of
14:
9416:
5495:
5394:Swain, Geoffrey and Nigel Swain,
5388:(1958), major scholarly history;
5211:. Random House Publishing Group.
4048:Oxford University Press, US, 2001
3790:. Publications Office of the EU.
3298:A Handbook of Political Geography
2689:Frank H. Aarebrot (14 May 2014).
2493:
2284:Enlargement of the European Union
909:
93:, as well as by the influence of
9334:
9333:
8666:West South Central United States
7677:German occupation in World War I
6215:Bibliography of European history
6138:
6127:
6126:
5821:
5076:Journal of Economic Perspectives
4965:. 3. No. 1. 2018. Archived from
4470:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia
4363:. Cherrytree Books. p. 14.
3648:. Rbedrosian.com. Archived from
3372:Ware, Bishop Kallistos (Timothy)
2767:from the original on 2022-10-09.
2253:
2239:
2064:
2033:
1970:
1269:
643:
514:) churches in the West, and the
439:. To a lesser degree, forms of
296:Religious and cultural influence
8881:Latin America and the Caribbean
8747:Latin America and the Caribbean
6882:Social (and financial) rankings
6684:Financial (and social) rankings
6594:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
5409:Wachtel, Andrew Baruch (2008).
5373:from the original on 2024-03-30
5162:from the original on 2023-01-23
4929:
4905:
4896:
4887:
4878:
4869:
4860:
4835:
4826:
4811:
4788:
4773:
4757:
4744:
4731:
4707:
4681:
4661:
4636:
4623:
4603:
4588:
4575:
4551:
4538:
4499:
4460:
4443:
4350:
4339:from the original on 2017-10-14
4282:
4270:
4259:from the original on 2024-03-30
4216:from the original on 2024-03-30
4175:from the original on 2023-10-29
4118:from the original on 2023-10-21
4094:
4038:
3985:
3954:
3944:from the original on 2020-07-02
3928:
3895:
3884:from the original on 2021-04-19
3866:
3854:from the original on 2011-09-25
3836:
3825:from the original on 2017-08-30
3806:
3776:
3749:
3727:"Migrant workers: What we know"
3719:
3706:
3690:
3664:
3638:
3627:from the original on 2024-01-19
3595:from the original on 2023-06-29
3577:
3566:from the original on 2024-02-28
3531:
3492:from the original on 2024-02-28
3457:
3437:
3420:
3409:from the original on 2024-01-19
3391:
3364:
3353:from the original on 2021-03-04
3335:
3305:
3288:
3277:from the original on 2016-05-18
3241:from the original on 2024-03-30
3203:from the original on 2024-03-30
3165:from the original on 2024-03-30
3125:
3101:
3072:from the original on 2020-11-26
3034:
2988:from the original on 2022-11-16
2970:
2959:from the original on 2022-11-16
2916:
2867:
2856:from the original on 2023-06-29
2829:
2818:from the original on 2024-03-30
2771:
2516:from the original on 2017-08-30
2482:from the original on 2017-08-30
2453:from the original on 2023-12-16
2443:"Traditional Regions of Europe"
2391:Geographical midpoint of Europe
2294:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
2219:
1906:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
1842:, which later evolved into the
1804:
1526:
1460:due to a number of events. The
770:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
493:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
290:geographical midpoint of Europe
183:
6502:Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)
5353:Stanković, Vlada, ed. (2016).
5121:(Duke University Press, 2011).
5019:. Princeton University Press.
3093:. 4 April 2014. Archived from
3056:Grob, Thomas (February 2015).
2464:
2434:
1169:(can variously be included in
1099:(can variously be included in
976:(can variously be included in
948:(can variously be included in
930:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
160:, geographical, cultural, and
139:
1:
7548:People's Republic of Bulgaria
6725:Eurasian Customs Union (EACU)
6082:country of the United Kingdom
5291:Institute of European History
5280:EGO - European History Online
5091:Gal, Susan and Gail Kligman,
5064:(1992), 379pp of biographies.
5045:Contemporary European History
4822:. Princeton University Press.
4318:. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
4276:Bideleux and Jeffries (1998)
3115:, Central Intelligence Agency
2880:Journal of Vacation Marketing
2796:10.1080/09557571.2019.1590314
2778:Mälksoo, Maria (4 May 2019).
2401:
2319:Geography of the Soviet Union
1954:
1918:Socialist Republic of Romania
1914:People's Republic of Bulgaria
1325:(not to be confused with the
1236:
272:, which is mainly located in
8348:Middle East and North Africa
8053:Middle East and North Africa
7682:Estonian War of Independence
6579:European Economic Area (EEA)
5507:Eastern Europe Economic Data
5413:The Balkans in World History
5208:The Balkans: A Short History
4432:, pp. 292-294. Peeters Bvba
1910:People's Republic of Hungary
1512:scattered German settlements
828:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
633:Central and Eastern European
97:as it developed through the
7:
7363:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
6451:International organisations
6278:Russian invasion of Ukraine
5417:. Oxford University Press.
5267:Schenk, Frithjof Benjamin,
5047:26.3 (2017): 507-507. DOI:
4913:Journal of Cold War Studies
4403:Central Intelligence Agency
4202:. Purdue University Press.
3183:Kasper von Greyerz (2007).
2232:
1902:People's Republic of Poland
1884:and the illegally occupied
1864:First and foremost was the
1838:. Instead, they joined the
1673:German-speaking populations
1671:Throughout Eastern Europe,
1664:killed by the Nazis in the
1604:Interwar period (1919–1939)
1224:Partially recognized states
663:National Geographic Society
423:, for instance, as well as
121:under the influence of the
10:
9421:
8641:Northeastern United States
6842:Electricity use per capita
6349:Largest metropolitan areas
5930:British Overseas Territory
5548:Countries and dependencies
5262:The Rebirth of East Europe
4739:European History Quarterly
4692:American Historical Review
4245:. Routledge. p. 165.
4035:Simon & Schuster, 1996
4033:The Clash of Civilizations
3844:"About the Visegrad Group"
3259:Dumitran, Adriana (2010).
2893:10.1177/135676679900500303
2539:Ramet, Sabrina P. (1998).
2371:Central and Eastern Europe
1898:German Democratic Republic
1817:German Democratic Republic
1808:
1680:reduced borders of Germany
1607:
1575:
1413:during their entire rule.
1260:
1215:, the portion west of the
1044:
913:
847:
733:
677:. They are members of the
647:
596:Central and Eastern Europe
576:
530:
516:Eastern Orthodox Christian
134:Central and Eastern Europe
9329:
9271:
9248:
9215:
9179:
9112:
9006:
8914:
8905:
8834:
8755:
8561:
8365:
8146:
8104:
8013:
8004:
7952:
7909:
7849:
7603:History of Czechoslovakia
7403:First Republic of Armenia
7306:
7280:
7184:
7103:
7042:
6924:
6867:
6858:
6827:Health expense per capita
6743:
6712:
6674:
6670:
6661:
6547:
6479:
6441:
6437:
6428:
6327:
6318:
6286:
6207:
6198:
6099:
6055:
6030:
6005:
5992:
5939:
5915:
5908:
5885:
5872:
5830:
5819:
5558:
5396:Eastern Europe Since 1945
4694:62#4 (1957), pp. 807-836
4473:. John Wiley & Sons.
4428:Rapp, Stephen H. (2003),
4290:Atlas of Southeast Europe
4091:, Oxford University Press
2874:Hall, Derek (July 1999).
2671:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2081: new members in 2013
2050: new members in 2007
1987: new members in 2004
1963:2004–2013 EU enlargements
1771: Russia (the former
1621:Versailles Treaty of 1919
1285:History of Eastern Europe
772:, and are members of the
639:Contemporary developments
502:Expansion of Christianity
427:, which is predominantly
9122:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
8126:Transantarctic Mountains
7413:Armenian–Azerbaijani war
7057:Childhood population (%)
6792:GNI (nominal) per capita
6274:hybrid variant (2020-22)
4954:Vértesy, László (2018).
4902:Applebaum, pp. 1162–147.
4597:The Germans and the East
4559:Journal of Asian History
3091:"Jordan Europa Regional"
2923:Zarycki, Tomasz (2014).
2842:. Springer. p. 18.
2592:10 December 2017 at the
2547:Indiana University Press
2476:U.N. Statistics Division
1625:Poland was reconstituted
1442:Hellenistic civilization
1255:transcontinental country
543:fall of the Iron Curtain
510:(and later additionally
266:geographical land border
8871:Caribbean South America
7707:Estonia in World War II
7667:Estophile Enlightenment
7523:Second Bulgarian Empire
6492:Council of Europe (CoE)
6471:Transatlantic relations
6086:British-Irish Agreement
5015:Connelly, John (2020).
4893:Applebaum, pp. 223–228.
4884:Applebaum, pp. 172–173.
4875:Applebaum, pp. 174–191.
4800:excerpt and text search
4750:Jackson J. Spielvogel:
4512:. Bloomsbury Academic.
3513:Nichols, Aidan (2010).
2447:University of Minnesota
2441:Berglee, Royal (2016).
2289:Eurasian Economic Union
1629:partitions of the 1790s
1537:Eastern Orthodox Church
800:There are two de facto
433:Eastern Orthodox Church
362:Carolingian Renaissance
342:Eastern Orthodox Church
8651:Southern United States
8454:Scandinavian Peninsula
7508:First Bulgarian Empire
5922:(Sovereign Base Areas)
5603:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5431:Walters, E. Garrison.
5386:The Balkans Since 1453
5205:Mazower, Mark (2007).
4832:Applebaum, pp. 312–33.
4165:"7 Invitees - Romania"
3758:"Risen Consciousness?"
3221:Jean W Sedlar (1994).
3006:Jordan, Peter (2005).
2356:Eurovoc#Eastern Europe
2274:Eastern European Group
2229:
2075: existing members
2044: existing members
1981: existing members
1821:Soviet occupation zone
1801:
1760:
1506:, towns founded under
1500:
1483:that formally divided
1429:
1357:Empires. Parts of the
1197:(most often placed in
1135:(most often placed in
1113:(Sometimes grouped in
1077:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1028:(most often placed in
1009:(most often placed in
962:(most often placed in
705:are other examples of
691:Nordic Investment Bank
617:
503:
483:
333:
242:
240: Southeast Europe
228: Southwest Europe
149:
34:is a subregion of the
28:
9127:Antarctic Convergence
8671:Western United States
7448:Stalinist repressions
6832:Military spending (%)
6822:Unemployment rate (%)
6567:free trade agreements
6332:Areas and populations
5949:Bailiwick of Guernsey
5920:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
5442:(2nd ed. 2010), 432pp
5390:online free to borrow
5314:Schevill, Ferdinand.
5264:(4th ed. 2001); 204pp
5078:34.2 (2020): 172–91.
5067:Frucht, Richard, ed.
4939:40.3 (1962): 471-478.
4609:Armour, Ian D. 2013.
4419:Kazakhstan: Geography
4405:. 29 September 2021.
3550:10.1002/9780470690208
3476:10.1002/9780470999196
3430:. 66 (182): 345–366.
3295:Sanjay Kumar (2021).
2935:10.4324/9781315819006
2227:
2180:, Latvia, Lithuania,
1860:. This consisted of:
1809:Further information:
1790: Members of the
1765:
1700:
1608:Further information:
1419:
1245:country, about 4% of
687:Northern Future Forum
615: Northern Europe
609: Southern Europe
584:
501:
477:
441:Eastern Protestantism
325: Southern Europe
319: Northern Europe
303:
234: Southern Europe
210: Northern Europe
191:
147:
23:Digital rendering of
22:
8193:Greater Central Asia
7418:Turkish–Armenian War
6837:Urban population (%)
6797:GNI (PPP) per capita
6342:European microstates
5401:Verdery, Katherine.
5321:Seton-Watson, Hugh.
5033:Day, Alan J. et al.
4643:Baten, Jörg (2016).
4401:. Washington, D.C.:
4150:on February 5, 2009.
4022:London, Pinter, 1990
3815:"UNSD — Methodology"
3762:www.wilsoncenter.org
3428:Theologica Xaveriana
3347:www.atlantaserbs.com
3133:Magocsi, Paul Robert
2735:3 April 2015 at the
2472:"Geographic Regions"
2150:peacefully separated
2107:German reunification
1933:Non-Aligned Movement
1726:and Eastern Europe:
1531:The conquest of the
1489:Western Christianity
1462:Western Roman Empire
1426:Western Roman Empire
1401:, and later between
1117:with countries like
995:(can be included in
703:New Hanseatic League
603: Western Europe
527:Cold War (1947–1991)
366:Western Christianity
331: Western Europe
313: Eastern Europe
292:somewhat difficult.
222: Central Europe
216: Western Europe
154:political scientists
99:Eastern Roman Empire
95:Eastern Christianity
9372: /
9339:Continents of Earth
8866:Brazilian Highlands
8275:Indian subcontinent
8136:Antarctic Peninsula
7934:Southern Hemisphere
7929:Northern Hemisphere
7697:Soviet deportations
7438:Bronze and Iron Age
7408:Armeno-Georgian War
7323:Prehistoric Armenia
6817:Press Freedom Index
6744:Sovereign states by
6589:Eastern Partnership
6225:Classical antiquity
6042:unincorporated area
5971:Bailiwick of Jersey
5833:States with limited
5469:10.2307/j.ctvw049zd
5359:. Lexington Books.
5230:. Wiley-Blackwell.
5173:Jelavich, Barbara.
5116:Ghodsee, Kristen R.
5060:Frankel, Benjamin.
4741:26 (1996): 483–526.
4548:(Harvard UP, 2009).
4316:PCC SEE Secretariat
4031:Huntington, Samuel
3994:Medzinárodné otázky
3764:. The Wilson Center
3678:on 13 February 2013
3376:The Orthodox Church
3317:Pew Research Center
3066:University of Basel
2361:East-Central Europe
2350:European subregions
2279:Eastern Partnership
1692:Westminster College
1381:coastal regions of
1365:as well, including
1363:Achaemenid Persians
1203:Southeastern Europe
1151:Southeastern Europe
1141:Southeastern Europe
1091:Southeastern Europe
1041:Southeastern Europe
1034:Southeastern Europe
1011:Southeastern Europe
997:Southeastern Europe
968:Southeastern Europe
897:Unrecognized states
837:Republic of Artsakh
778:European Parliament
766:Eastern Partnership
699:Nordic-Baltic Eight
679:Nordic-Baltic Eight
463:, Romania, Russia,
445:Eastern Catholicism
437:Southeastern Europe
371:A large section of
9154:Great Barrier Reef
8775:Mainland Australia
8483:Apennine Peninsula
7944:Western Hemisphere
7919:Eastern Hemisphere
7672:National awakening
7582:Kingdom of Bohemia
7503:Old Great Bulgaria
7478:Soviet repressions
6956:Capital of Culture
6807:Internet users (%)
6699:Telecommunications
6466:Post-Soviet Europe
6304:predecessor states
5941:Crown Dependencies
5307:2022-01-24 at the
5296:2016-02-19 at the
5285:2013-02-08 at the
5274:2021-01-15 at the
5259:Roskin, Michael G.
5251:Ramet, Sabrina P.
5124:Held, Joseph, ed.
5109:2024-03-30 at the
5085:2021-06-24 at the
5054:2024-03-30 at the
4922:2022-07-04 at the
4915:9.2 (2007): 32-63
4805:2017-09-19 at the
4724:2024-03-30 at the
4701:2020-02-07 at the
4568:2021-07-09 at the
4561:33.1 (1999): 1-44
4310:2024-01-24 at the
4066:The World Factbook
3850:. 15 August 2006.
3733:. 21 August 2007.
3672:"home.comcast.net"
3621:www.britannica.com
3589:www.britannica.com
3403:www.britannica.com
3113:The World Factbook
2620:. 7 January 2010.
2344:Post-Soviet States
2230:
1802:
1647:, and in parts of
1565:standard of living
1430:
1377:, and most of the
1347:Achaemenid Persian
1183:(mostly placed in
856:European republics
850:Post-Soviet States
844:Post-Soviet states
832:Second Chechen War
695:Nordic Battlegroup
627:maintained by the
618:
504:
484:
429:Armenian Apostolic
334:
262:Caucasus Mountains
243:
194:CIA World Factbook
178:cultural construct
150:
36:European continent
29:
9405:Regions of Europe
9355:
9354:
9235:Mediterranean Rim
9108:
9107:
9047:Mediterranean Sea
8901:
8900:
8854:Amazon Rainforest
8681:Canadian Prairies
8646:Pacific Northwest
8507:Iberian Peninsula
8292:Arabian Peninsula
8119:Antarctic Plateau
7879:Three/Four Worlds
7801:
7800:
7612:German occupation
7483:German occupation
7443:Early Middle Ages
7398:Caucasus campaign
7393:Armenian genocide
7144:
7143:
7099:
7098:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6713:Intergovernmental
6657:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6611:Foreign relations
6512:GUAM Organization
6480:Intergovernmental
6424:
6423:
6337:Countries by area
6314:
6313:
6265:COVID-19 pandemic
6154:
6153:
6095:
6094:
6017:autonomous region
5988:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5478:978-1-78533-685-0
5424:978-0-19-988273-1
5384:Stavrianos, L.S.
5366:978-1-4985-1326-5
5332:Simons, Thomas W.
5246:War & Society
5237:978-0-470-59619-7
5218:978-0-307-43196-7
5182:Jelavich, Barbara
5140:Jelavich, Barbara
5026:978-0-691-16712-1
4972:on 12 August 2019
4866:Applebaum, p. 71.
4857:Applebaum, p. xxx
4717:(2001) 2:379-88;
4370:978-1-84234-461-3
4333:www.ThoughtCo.com
4252:978-1-134-30132-4
3559:978-0-631-23423-4
3485:978-0-631-23278-0
3452:978-3-319-63354-1
3385:978-0-14-014656-1
3374:(29 April 1993),
3196:978-0-19-804384-3
3150:978-0-8020-8486-6
2849:978-3-319-77374-2
2702:978-1-78195-429-4
2651:www.ce-review.org
2396:Regions of Europe
2129:, as well as the
1944:Sino-Soviet split
1637:League of Nations
1545:Holy Roman Empire
1466:Early Middle Ages
1407:Sassanid Persians
1327:Iberian Peninsula
1315:Caucasian Albania
1302:
1301:
1297:
1201:but sometimes in
1187:but sometimes in
1139:but sometimes in
1032:but sometimes in
966:but sometimes in
922:Holy Roman Empire
774:Council of Europe
707:Northern European
623:, a multilingual
480:Eastern Orthodoxy
350:Cyrillic alphabet
348:language and the
117:constituting the
9412:
9387:
9386:
9384:
9383:
9382:
9377:
9373:
9370:
9369:
9368:
9365:
9337:
9336:
9316:Global Southwest
9311:Global Southeast
9301:Global Northwest
9296:Global Northeast
9286:Global Heartland
9230:Indian Ocean Rim
8912:
8911:
8804:Island Melanesia
8495:Balkan Peninsula
8270:Himalayan states
8217:Russian Far East
8011:
8010:
7939:Water Hemisphere
7828:
7821:
7814:
7805:
7804:
7647:Livonian Crusade
7578:High Middle Ages
7573:Duchy of Bohemia
7513:Christianization
7498:Odrysian kingdom
7358:Mongol invasions
7353:Medieval Armenia
7348:Sasanian Armenia
7333:Artaxiad dynasty
7185:Sovereign states
7171:
7164:
7157:
7148:
7147:
7119:
7112:
6865:
6864:
6689:Free trade areas
6672:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6439:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6325:
6324:
6205:
6204:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6158:
6157:
6142:
6130:
6129:
6116:Governed by the
6078:Northern Ireland
6021:Ă…land convention
6003:
6002:
5913:
5912:
5883:
5882:
5825:
5560:Sovereign states
5541:
5534:
5527:
5518:
5517:
5490:
5428:
5416:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5241:
5222:
5201:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5030:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4971:
4960:
4951:
4940:
4933:
4927:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4894:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4867:
4864:
4858:
4855:
4846:
4841:Anne Applebaum,
4839:
4833:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4815:
4809:
4794:Timothy Snyder,
4792:
4786:
4785:
4777:
4771:
4763:P. de Azcarate,
4761:
4755:
4748:
4742:
4735:
4729:
4711:
4705:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4640:
4634:
4627:
4621:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4592:
4586:
4579:
4573:
4555:
4549:
4544:Edward Luttwak,
4542:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4464:
4458:
4447:
4441:
4426:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4325:
4319:
4302:
4293:
4292:. Boston: Brill.
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4234:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4193:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4161:
4152:
4151:
4146:. Archived from
4136:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4117:
4106:
4098:
4092:
4085:Lonnie Johnson,
4083:
4074:
4073:
4058:
4049:
4044:Johnson, Lonnie
4042:
4036:
4029:
4023:
4016:
4010:
4009:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3917:on 28 April 2008
3916:
3910:, archived from
3909:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3723:
3717:
3714:available online
3710:
3704:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3674:. Archived from
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3510:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3461:
3455:
3441:
3435:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3319:. May 10, 2017.
3309:
3303:
3302:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3264:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3097:on 4 April 2014.
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3053:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2895:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2740:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2610:
2601:
2584:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2536:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2506:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2412:
2381:Southeast Europe
2263:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2247:Geography portal
2244:
2243:
2242:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2049:
2043:
2037:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1770:
1696:Fulton, Missouri
1557:Eastern Orthodox
1535:, center of the
1533:Byzantine Empire
1508:Magdeburg rights
1505:
1475:The rise of the
1470:Byzantine Empire
1355:Sassanid Persian
1293:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1047:Southeast Europe
999:or partially in
880:Southeast Europe
756:are included in
614:
608:
602:
593:
338:East–West Schism
330:
324:
318:
312:
239:
233:
227:
221:
215:
209:
200:
115:communist states
83:European culture
9420:
9419:
9415:
9414:
9413:
9411:
9410:
9409:
9390:
9389:
9380:
9378:
9374:
9371:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9359:
9358:
9356:
9351:
9325:
9267:
9244:
9211:
9175:
9104:
9093:South China Sea
9002:
8945:Central America
8897:
8830:
8751:
8703:Northern Mexico
8691:Northern Canada
8676:Atlantic Canada
8631:Mountain states
8557:
8412:European Russia
8405:Southern Russia
8361:
8314:Iranian Plateau
8142:
8131:West Antarctica
8114:East Antarctica
8100:
8000:
7948:
7924:Land Hemisphere
7905:
7845:
7832:
7802:
7797:
7692:Soviet invasion
7652:Danish conquest
7642:Ancient Estonia
7343:Arsacid dynasty
7328:Orontid dynasty
7302:
7276:
7180:
7175:
7145:
7140:
7122:
7115:
7108:
7095:
7079:Life expectancy
7067:genetic history
7038:
6973:Classical music
6920:
6909:Bologna Process
6872:Ages of consent
6846:
6756:Budget revenues
6739:
6708:
6649:
6543:
6475:
6420:
6310:
6282:
6240:Early modernity
6194:
6185:
6155:
6150:
6123:
6111:Oceanic islands
6091:
6084:subject to the
6051:
6046:Svalbard Treaty
6044:subject to the
6026:
6019:subject to the
5999:
5997:
5995:
5980:
5935:
5904:
5879:
5876:
5868:
5854:Northern Cyprus
5837:
5834:
5826:
5817:
5733:North Macedonia
5554:
5545:
5498:
5493:
5479:
5459:
5425:
5376:
5374:
5367:
5341:Snyder, Timothy
5309:Wayback Machine
5298:Wayback Machine
5287:Wayback Machine
5276:Wayback Machine
5238:
5219:
5198:
5165:
5163:
5156:
5111:Wayback Machine
5087:Wayback Machine
5056:Wayback Machine
5027:
5006:Berend, Iván T.
4996:Applebaum, Anne
4991:
4989:Further reading
4986:
4985:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4958:
4952:
4943:
4937:Foreign affairs
4934:
4930:
4924:Wayback Machine
4910:
4906:
4901:
4897:
4892:
4888:
4883:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4865:
4861:
4856:
4849:
4845:(2012) p. xxix.
4840:
4836:
4831:
4827:
4816:
4812:
4807:Wayback Machine
4793:
4789:
4780:R. M. Douglas.
4778:
4774:
4762:
4758:
4749:
4745:
4736:
4732:
4726:Wayback Machine
4712:
4708:
4703:Wayback Machine
4686:
4682:
4666:
4662:
4655:
4641:
4637:
4628:
4624:
4608:
4604:
4593:
4589:
4580:
4576:
4570:Wayback Machine
4556:
4552:
4543:
4539:
4529:
4527:
4520:
4504:
4500:
4490:
4488:
4481:
4465:
4461:
4448:
4444:
4427:
4423:
4412:
4410:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4380:
4378:
4371:
4355:
4351:
4342:
4340:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4312:Wayback Machine
4303:
4296:
4287:
4283:
4275:
4271:
4262:
4260:
4253:
4235:
4228:
4219:
4217:
4210:
4194:
4187:
4178:
4176:
4163:
4162:
4155:
4138:
4137:
4130:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4084:
4077:
4060:
4059:
4052:
4043:
4039:
4030:
4026:
4017:
4013:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3959:
3955:
3947:
3945:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3887:
3885:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3848:Visgradgroup.eu
3842:
3841:
3837:
3828:
3826:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3711:
3707:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3655:
3653:
3652:on 10 June 2013
3644:
3643:
3639:
3630:
3628:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3598:
3596:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3569:
3567:
3560:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3511:
3504:
3495:
3493:
3486:
3462:
3458:
3442:
3438:
3425:
3421:
3412:
3410:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3369:
3365:
3356:
3354:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3293:
3289:
3280:
3278:
3257:
3253:
3244:
3242:
3235:
3219:
3215:
3206:
3204:
3197:
3181:
3177:
3168:
3166:
3151:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3075:
3073:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3012:Europa Regional
3004:
3000:
2991:
2989:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2962:
2960:
2945:
2921:
2917:
2872:
2868:
2859:
2857:
2850:
2834:
2830:
2821:
2819:
2776:
2772:
2764:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2743:
2737:Wayback Machine
2729:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2703:
2687:
2680:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2594:Wayback Machine
2585:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2557:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2494:
2485:
2483:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2456:
2454:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2418:. 10 May 2021.
2414:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2376:Northern Europe
2304:European Russia
2259:
2254:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2222:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2083:
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2078:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1957:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1768:
1666:Generalplan Ost
1661:
1616:
1606:
1590:
1578:
1529:
1477:Frankish Empire
1395:Parthian Empire
1311:Orontid Armenia
1307:
1298:
1295:(November 2023)
1274:
1270:
1263:
1239:
1217:Turkish Straits
1162:North Macedonia
1115:Southern Europe
1057:Southern Europe
1053:
1045:Main articles:
1043:
926:Habsburg Empire
918:
912:
852:
846:
738:
732:
730:Caucasus states
675:Northern Europe
671:Northern Europe
652:
646:
641:
616:
612:
610:
606:
604:
600:
598:
591:
589:
579:
539:
531:Main articles:
529:
405:North Macedonia
355:
346:Church Slavonic
332:
328:
326:
322:
320:
316:
314:
310:
308:
298:
241:
237:
235:
231:
229:
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211:
207:
205:
198:
196:
186:
142:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9418:
9408:
9407:
9402:
9400:Eastern Europe
9353:
9352:
9350:
9349:
9347:Physical Earth
9330:
9327:
9326:
9324:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9277:
9275:
9269:
9268:
9266:
9265:
9260:
9254:
9252:
9246:
9245:
9243:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9227:
9221:
9219:
9213:
9212:
9210:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9198:
9197:
9186:
9184:
9177:
9176:
9174:
9173:
9168:
9167:
9166:
9161:
9159:Mariana Trench
9156:
9146:
9141:
9139:Atlantic Ocean
9136:
9131:
9130:
9129:
9118:
9116:
9110:
9109:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9102:
9100:Southern Ocean
9097:
9096:
9095:
9090:
9088:East China Sea
9080:
9079:
9078:
9068:
9067:
9066:
9065:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9022:Atlantic Ocean
9019:
9013:
9011:
9004:
9003:
9001:
9000:
8999:
8998:
8993:
8983:
8982:
8981:
8976:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8955:
8954:
8949:
8948:
8947:
8942:
8927:
8921:
8919:
8909:
8903:
8902:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8895:
8894:
8893:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8857:
8856:
8851:
8840:
8838:
8832:
8831:
8829:
8828:
8826:Remote Oceania
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8807:
8806:
8796:
8795:
8794:
8789:
8788:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8761:
8759:
8753:
8752:
8750:
8749:
8744:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8740:
8735:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8699:
8698:
8696:Western Canada
8693:
8688:
8686:Eastern Canada
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8567:
8565:
8559:
8558:
8556:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8534:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8510:
8509:
8499:
8498:
8497:
8487:
8486:
8485:
8475:
8470:
8460:
8459:
8458:
8457:
8456:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8421:
8420:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8408:
8407:
8402:
8400:South Caucasus
8397:
8395:North Caucasus
8387:
8377:
8371:
8369:
8363:
8362:
8360:
8359:
8358:
8357:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8335:
8334:
8333:
8328:
8318:
8317:
8316:
8306:
8305:
8304:
8302:South Caucasus
8294:
8284:
8283:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8262:
8261:
8260:
8255:
8245:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8223:
8222:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8204:
8203:
8202:
8197:
8196:
8195:
8180:
8179:
8178:
8173:
8171:Aralkum Desert
8168:
8158:
8152:
8150:
8144:
8143:
8141:
8140:
8139:
8138:
8128:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8110:
8108:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8079:
8069:
8059:
8058:
8057:
8056:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8025:
8019:
8017:
8008:
8002:
8001:
7999:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7970:
7969:
7962:Africa-Eurasia
7958:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7915:
7913:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7855:
7853:
7847:
7846:
7831:
7830:
7823:
7816:
7808:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7753:Ottoman Empire
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7719:
7713:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7635:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7575:
7570:
7564:Czech Republic
7561:
7556:
7550:
7545:
7539:
7530:
7528:Ottoman Empire
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7491:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7473:Russian Empire
7470:
7461:
7456:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7426:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7388:Russian Empire
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7316:
7310:
7308:
7304:
7303:
7301:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7284:
7282:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7269:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7212:Czech Republic
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7181:
7178:Eastern Europe
7174:
7173:
7166:
7159:
7151:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7121:
7120:
7113:
7105:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7087:
7086:
7076:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7059:
7054:
7048:
7046:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7036:
7022:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7010:
7005:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6969:
6968:
6966:film festivals
6958:
6953:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6941:
6930:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6911:
6901:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6868:
6862:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6753:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6716:
6714:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6675:
6665:
6659:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6647:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6630:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6597:
6596:
6591:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6553:
6551:
6549:European Union
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6535:
6534:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6442:
6432:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6369:Extreme points
6366:
6364:Climate change
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6334:
6328:
6322:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6275:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6230:Late antiquity
6227:
6222:
6217:
6211:
6209:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6184:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6161:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6136:
6122:
6121:
6114:
6108:
6105:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6059:
6057:
6056:United Kingdom
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6009:
6007:
6000:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5945:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5923:
5916:
5910:
5909:United Kingdom
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5900:
5889:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5840:
5838:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5808:United Kingdom
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5623:Czech Republic
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5544:
5543:
5536:
5529:
5521:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5497:
5496:External links
5494:
5492:
5491:
5477:
5457:
5445:Wolff, Larry:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5423:
5406:
5399:
5398:(3rd ed. 2003)
5392:
5382:
5365:
5350:
5338:
5329:
5319:
5312:
5265:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5236:
5223:
5217:
5202:
5196:
5178:
5171:
5154:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5113:
5096:
5089:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5041:
5037:(2nd ed 2007)
5031:
5025:
5012:
5003:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4941:
4928:
4904:
4895:
4886:
4877:
4868:
4859:
4847:
4834:
4825:
4810:
4787:
4772:
4756:
4743:
4730:
4706:
4680:
4660:
4653:
4635:
4622:
4619:978-1849664882
4602:
4587:
4574:
4550:
4537:
4518:
4498:
4479:
4459:
4442:
4421:
4398:World Factbook
4388:
4369:
4349:
4320:
4294:
4281:
4269:
4251:
4226:
4208:
4185:
4153:
4128:
4093:
4075:
4050:
4037:
4024:
4011:
3984:
3953:
3927:
3894:
3865:
3835:
3819:unstats.un.org
3805:
3775:
3748:
3718:
3705:
3689:
3663:
3637:
3605:
3576:
3558:
3530:
3523:
3502:
3484:
3456:
3436:
3419:
3390:
3384:
3363:
3334:
3304:
3287:
3267:Czech Republic
3251:
3233:
3213:
3195:
3175:
3149:
3124:
3100:
3082:
3045:
3033:
2998:
2969:
2943:
2915:
2886:(3): 227–237.
2866:
2848:
2828:
2790:(3): 365–383.
2770:
2741:
2720:
2701:
2678:
2635:
2602:
2574:
2556:978-0253212566
2555:
2549:. p. 15.
2526:
2492:
2463:
2433:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2386:Western Europe
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Central Europe
2363:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2299:European Union
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2250:
2234:
2231:
2221:
2218:
2170:Czech Republic
2162:European Union
2154:Czech Republic
2147:Czechoslovakia
2077:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2062:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2031:
1995:Czech Republic
1983:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1936:
1921:
1806:
1803:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1767:
1660:
1657:
1605:
1602:
1594:Central Europe
1589:
1586:
1577:
1574:
1541:Ottoman Empire
1528:
1525:
1454:Late Antiquity
1446:Latin language
1438:Greek-speaking
1434:Roman Republic
1331:Western Europe
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1277:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1221:
1220:
1206:
1199:Central Europe
1192:
1189:Central Europe
1178:
1175:Central Europe
1164:
1159:
1154:
1144:
1137:Central Europe
1130:
1108:
1105:Central Europe
1094:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1061:Central Europe
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1030:Central Europe
1023:
1018:
1015:Central Europe
1004:
1001:Central Europe
990:
985:
982:Central Europe
971:
964:Central Europe
957:
954:Central Europe
943:
941:Czech Republic
916:Central Europe
914:Main article:
911:
910:Central Europe
908:
907:
906:
894:
893:
888:
883:
869:
858:of the former
848:Main article:
845:
842:
841:
840:
834:
821:
820:
815:
798:
797:
792:
787:
762:European Union
742:South Caucasus
734:Main article:
731:
728:
727:
726:
721:
716:
683:Visegrád Group
648:Main article:
645:
642:
640:
637:
611:
605:
599:
590:
578:
575:
528:
525:
373:Eastern Europe
358:Alcuin of York
327:
321:
315:
309:
297:
294:
254:Ural Mountains
247:Western Europe
236:
230:
224:
218:
212:
206:
197:
185:
182:
174:United Nations
141:
138:
130:Western Europe
103:Ottoman Empire
76:Visegrád group
40:Ural Mountains
32:Eastern Europe
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9417:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9397:
9395:
9388:
9385:
9348:
9344:
9340:
9332:
9331:
9328:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9278:
9276:
9274:
9270:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9255:
9253:
9251:
9247:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9222:
9220:
9218:
9214:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9196:
9193:
9192:
9191:
9188:
9187:
9185:
9183:
9178:
9172:
9169:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9150:
9149:Pacific Ocean
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9128:
9125:
9124:
9123:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9115:
9111:
9101:
9098:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9085:
9084:
9083:Pacific Ocean
9081:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9072:
9069:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9049:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9037:Caribbean Sea
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9024:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9014:
9012:
9010:
9005:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8988:
8987:
8984:
8980:
8979:by population
8977:
8975:
8972:
8971:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8953:
8952:South America
8950:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8937:
8936:
8935:North America
8933:
8932:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8922:
8920:
8918:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8904:
8892:
8889:
8888:
8887:
8886:Southern Cone
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8861:Andean States
8859:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8846:
8845:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8837:
8836:South America
8833:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8805:
8802:
8801:
8800:
8797:
8793:
8790:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8772:
8771:
8768:
8767:
8766:
8763:
8762:
8760:
8758:
8754:
8748:
8745:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8730:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8598:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8568:
8566:
8564:
8563:North America
8560:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8526:Low Countries
8524:
8522:
8519:
8518:
8517:
8514:
8508:
8505:
8504:
8503:
8502:South-western
8500:
8496:
8493:
8492:
8491:
8490:South-eastern
8488:
8484:
8481:
8480:
8479:
8478:South-central
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8468:Mediterranean
8466:
8465:
8464:
8461:
8455:
8452:
8451:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8434:British Isles
8432:
8430:
8427:
8426:
8425:
8422:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8392:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8382:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8372:
8370:
8368:
8364:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8340:
8339:
8336:
8332:
8331:Levantine Sea
8329:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8322:
8319:
8315:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8307:
8303:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8289:
8288:
8285:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8267:
8266:
8263:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8250:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8228:
8227:
8224:
8218:
8215:
8214:
8213:
8210:
8209:
8208:
8205:
8201:
8198:
8194:
8191:
8190:
8189:
8186:
8185:
8184:
8181:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8149:
8145:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8120:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8112:
8111:
8109:
8107:
8103:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8074:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8060:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8035:
8034:
8031:
8030:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8023:Mediterranean
8021:
8020:
8018:
8016:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8003:
7995:
7992:
7991:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7968:
7965:
7964:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7951:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7908:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7848:
7844:
7840:
7836:
7829:
7824:
7822:
7817:
7815:
7810:
7809:
7806:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7723:
7720:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7657:Terra Mariana
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7639:
7636:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7568:Great Moravia
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7495:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7468:Russification
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7430:
7427:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7338:Roman Armenia
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7305:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7293:South Ossetia
7291:
7289:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7273:
7270:
7267:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7183:
7179:
7172:
7167:
7165:
7160:
7158:
7153:
7152:
7149:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7118:
7114:
7111:
7107:
7106:
7102:
7092:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7063:
7062:Ethnic groups
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7041:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6923:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6778:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6768:GDP (nominal)
6766:
6762:
6759:
6758:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6673:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6646:
6643:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6633:Schengen Area
6631:
6629:
6626:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6546:
6540:
6537:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6417:
6414:
6410:
6409:by population
6407:
6406:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6182:
6177:
6175:
6170:
6168:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6147:
6146:
6145:Europe portal
6141:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6054:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6004:
6001:
5994:Special areas
5991:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5907:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5893:Faroe Islands
5891:
5890:
5888:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5871:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5859:South Ossetia
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5829:
5824:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5693:Liechtenstein
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5542:
5537:
5535:
5530:
5528:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5456:
5455:0-8047-2702-3
5452:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5420:
5415:
5414:
5407:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5372:
5368:
5362:
5358:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5233:
5229:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5203:
5199:
5197:9780521274593
5193:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5161:
5157:
5155:9780521274586
5151:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5137:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5108:
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5097:
5094:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5018:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4968:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4938:
4932:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4899:
4890:
4881:
4872:
4863:
4854:
4852:
4844:
4838:
4829:
4821:
4818:Gregor Thum.
4814:
4808:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4783:
4776:
4770:
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4760:
4753:
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4704:
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4693:
4689:
4684:
4676:
4672:
4664:
4656:
4654:9781107507180
4650:
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4525:
4521:
4519:9780313274978
4515:
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4502:
4486:
4482:
4480:9781444351637
4476:
4472:
4471:
4463:
4456:
4455:0-19-860641-9
4452:
4446:
4439:
4438:90-429-1318-5
4435:
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4330:
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4317:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4301:
4299:
4291:
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4240:
4233:
4231:
4215:
4211:
4209:9781557535931
4205:
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4135:
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4114:
4110:
4103:
4097:
4090:
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4082:
4080:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4047:
4041:
4034:
4028:
4021:
4015:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3957:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3931:
3913:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3763:
3759:
3756:Angell, Sam.
3752:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3702:9780761956372
3699:
3693:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3594:
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3526:
3524:9781586172824
3520:
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3446:
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3433:
3429:
3423:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3387:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3300:
3299:
3291:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3255:
3240:
3236:
3234:0-295-97291-2
3230:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3188:
3187:
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3164:
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3142:
3138:
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3114:
3110:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3086:
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3067:
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3042:
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3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2987:
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2944:9781317818571
2940:
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2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
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2763:
2756:
2750:
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2746:
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2725:
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2704:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2683:
2674:
2668:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2623:
2619:
2618:The Economist
2615:
2609:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2587:"The Balkans"
2583:
2581:
2579:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
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2481:
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2437:
2421:
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2407:
2397:
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2379:
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2267:
2266:
2262:
2261:Europe portal
2251:
2248:
2237:
2226:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2202:Baltic states
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2131:Baltic States
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1973:
1964:
1949:
1948:Prague Spring
1945:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1836:Marshall Plan
1832:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1793:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:were expelled
1674:
1669:
1667:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1643:, regions of
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:soon absorbed
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1582:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1518:
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1509:
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1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
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1473:
1471:
1467:
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1427:
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1356:
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1291:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:Central Asian
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
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1080:
1078:
1075:
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1068:
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1048:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
989:
986:
983:
979:
975:
972:
969:
965:
961:
958:
955:
951:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
937:
933:
931:
927:
923:
917:
905:
902:
901:
900:
898:
892:
889:
887:
884:
881:
877:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
863:
861:
857:
851:
838:
835:
833:
829:
826:
825:
824:
819:
818:South Ossetia
816:
814:
811:
810:
809:
807:
803:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
781:
779:
775:
771:
768:program, the
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
737:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
650:Baltic states
644:Baltic states
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
597:
588:
583:
574:
570:
568:
564:
560:
559:
554:
553:
548:
544:
538:
534:
524:
521:
517:
513:
509:
500:
496:
494:
489:
481:
476:
472:
471:and Ukraine.
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
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418:
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267:
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259:
255:
250:
248:
204:
195:
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181:
179:
175:
170:
168:
167:Enlightenment
163:
162:socioeconomic
159:
155:
146:
137:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
68:Baltic states
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
21:
9357:
9345: /
9343:List of seas
9341: /
9306:Global South
9291:Global North
9225:Atlantic Rim
9164:Ring of Fire
9144:Indian Ocean
9134:Arctic Ocean
9076:Persian Gulf
9071:Indian Ocean
9052:Adriatic Sea
9017:Arctic Ocean
8849:Amazon Basin
8844:Amazon Plain
8816:Near Oceania
8621:Mid-Atlantic
8571:Aridoamerica
8531:Northwestern
8444:Northwestern
8417:Southeastern
8379:
8309:Greater Iran
8248:Southeastern
8243:Pacific Asia
8212:Pacific Asia
8200:Northeastern
8156:Asia–Pacific
7899:Fourth World
7889:Second World
7778:Transnistria
7773:Soviet Union
7662:Swedish rule
7553:1989-present
7542:World War II
7453:World War II
7298:Transnistria
7177:
7044:Demographics
7003:Christianity
6951:Architecture
6904:Universities
6812:Minimum wage
6751:Average wage
6255:Pax Europaea
6250:World War II
6143:
6131:
5864:Transnistria
5813:Vatican City
5460:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5412:
5402:
5395:
5385:
5375:. Retrieved
5355:
5344:
5334:
5322:
5315:
5261:
5252:
5245:
5227:
5207:
5186:
5174:
5164:. Retrieved
5144:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5099:
5092:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5044:
5034:
5016:
5008:
4999:
4974:. Retrieved
4967:the original
4962:
4936:
4931:
4912:
4907:
4898:
4889:
4880:
4871:
4862:
4842:
4837:
4828:
4819:
4813:
4795:
4790:
4781:
4775:
4764:
4759:
4751:
4746:
4738:
4733:
4714:
4709:
4691:
4683:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4644:
4638:
4630:
4625:
4610:
4605:
4596:
4590:
4582:
4577:
4558:
4553:
4545:
4540:
4528:. Retrieved
4508:
4501:
4489:. Retrieved
4469:
4462:
4445:
4429:
4424:
4411:. Retrieved
4397:
4391:
4379:. Retrieved
4359:
4352:
4341:. Retrieved
4332:
4323:
4315:
4289:
4284:
4277:
4272:
4261:. Retrieved
4242:
4218:. Retrieved
4198:
4177:. Retrieved
4169:www.nato.int
4168:
4148:the original
4143:
4120:. Retrieved
4108:
4096:
4087:
4065:
4045:
4040:
4032:
4027:
4019:
4018:Wallace, W.
4014:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3977:28 September
3975:. Retrieved
3967:The Guardian
3966:
3956:
3946:, retrieved
3936:
3930:
3919:, retrieved
3912:the original
3903:
3897:
3886:. Retrieved
3877:
3868:
3856:. Retrieved
3847:
3838:
3827:. Retrieved
3818:
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3787:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3761:
3751:
3739:. Retrieved
3730:
3721:
3708:
3692:
3680:. Retrieved
3676:the original
3666:
3654:. Retrieved
3650:the original
3640:
3629:. Retrieved
3620:
3597:. Retrieved
3588:
3579:
3568:. Retrieved
3540:
3533:
3514:
3494:. Retrieved
3466:
3459:
3447:. Springer.
3444:
3439:
3427:
3422:
3411:. Retrieved
3402:
3393:
3375:
3366:
3355:. Retrieved
3346:
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3316:
3307:
3297:
3290:
3279:. Retrieved
3254:
3243:. Retrieved
3223:
3216:
3205:. Retrieved
3185:
3178:
3167:. Retrieved
3140:
3137:"Chapter 11"
3127:
3117:, retrieved
3112:
3109:"Kazakhstan"
3103:
3095:the original
3085:
3074:. Retrieved
3061:
3040:
3036:
3024:. Retrieved
3015:
3011:
3001:
2990:. Retrieved
2981:
2972:
2961:. Retrieved
2925:
2918:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2858:. Retrieved
2838:
2831:
2820:. Retrieved
2787:
2783:
2773:
2711:. Retrieved
2691:
2655:. Retrieved
2650:
2626:. Retrieved
2617:
2597:
2565:. Retrieved
2541:
2518:. Retrieved
2484:. Retrieved
2475:
2466:
2455:. Retrieved
2446:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2410:
2220:Demographics
2214:
2210:
2206:
2103:Eastern Bloc
2099:Iron Curtain
2092:
1962:
1866:Soviet Union
1857:Eastern Bloc
1855:
1840:Molotov Plan
1833:
1826:
1814:
1811:Eastern Bloc
1805:Eastern Bloc
1720:iron curtain
1719:
1701:
1687:Eastern Bloc
1684:
1670:
1662:
1653:
1617:
1614:Interwar era
1591:
1579:
1530:
1527:1453 to 1918
1497:
1481:Great Schism
1474:
1450:Roman Empire
1431:
1308:
1294:
1283:
1240:
1222:
1185:Southeastern
1171:Southeastern
1101:Southeastern
1065:
1054:
978:Northeastern
950:Southeastern
934:
919:
904:Transnistria
895:
860:Soviet Union
853:
822:
799:
739:
653:
619:
571:
556:
552:Eastern Bloc
550:
540:
537:Eastern Bloc
505:
485:
372:
370:
354:
335:
282:
274:Central Asia
251:
244:
203:Soviet Union
184:Geographical
171:
158:geopolitical
151:
127:
123:Soviet Union
119:Eastern Bloc
111:Iron Curtain
80:
31:
30:
9379: /
9321:Global West
9281:Global East
9240:Pacific Rim
9182:waterbodies
9171:World Ocean
8996:New Zealand
8876:The Guianas
8765:Australasia
8708:West Indies
8636:New England
8616:Great Lakes
8586:Mesoamerica
8473:Middle East
8449:Scandinavia
8338:Middle East
8176:Caspian Sea
8082:Great Lakes
8062:Sub-Saharan
8048:Middle East
7911:Hemispheres
7894:Third World
7884:First World
7837:'s primary
7702:Soviet rule
7537:World War I
7266:East Thrace
7074:Immigration
6638:Visa policy
6621:enlargement
6517:Open Balkan
6456:Integration
6299:Sovereignty
6245:World War I
6235:Middle Ages
5998:sovereignty
5996:of internal
5976:Isle of Man
5877:territories
5835:recognition
5793:Switzerland
5728:Netherlands
5487:j.ctvw049zd
4688:Jerome Blum
4677:(1): 29–63.
4144:www.eia.gov
3921:27 February
3682:23 February
3656:23 February
3327:January 30,
3043:, CRC Press
2628:20 February
2324:Intermarium
2176:, Estonia,
2115:Warsaw Pact
1929:Warsaw Pact
1852:Warsaw Pact
1792:Warsaw Pact
1641:Sudetenland
1502:Ostsiedlung
1498:During the
1458:Middle Ages
1213:East Thrace
758:definitions
744:nations of
558:Warsaw Pact
533:Warsaw Pact
360:during the
140:Definitions
132:; the term
9394:Categories
9062:Ionian Sea
9057:Aegean Sea
9027:Baltic Sea
8959:Antarctica
8811:Micronesia
8780:New Guinea
8738:Portuguese
8661:West Coast
8611:East Coast
8606:Bible Belt
8601:Appalachia
8280:Subregions
8188:Inner Asia
8106:Antarctica
8006:Continents
7979:Antarctica
7954:Landmasses
7864:Down Under
7859:Arab World
7843:subregions
7793:Yugoslavia
7518:Golden Age
7429:Azerbaijan
7197:Azerbaijan
7091:Retirement
6993:Philosophy
6988:Literature
6892:endangered
6785:per capita
6773:per capita
6761:per capita
6645:Statistics
6532:statistics
6446:Eurosphere
6220:Prehistory
6208:Chronology
5763:San Marino
5723:Montenegro
5703:Luxembourg
5683:Kazakhstan
5588:Azerbaijan
5377:2021-07-05
5166:2021-07-05
4631:inter alia
4413:23 January
4381:11 October
4343:2020-01-14
4263:2016-03-10
4220:2020-11-10
4179:2021-04-25
4122:2023-10-10
3948:2020-07-02
3888:2021-04-25
3878:www.un.org
3829:2017-08-04
3741:27 January
3631:2024-02-28
3599:2024-02-28
3570:2024-02-28
3496:2024-02-28
3413:2024-02-28
3357:2021-02-07
3281:2022-01-06
3245:2022-01-06
3207:2022-01-06
3169:2023-02-10
3119:2024-08-10
3076:2020-09-04
3026:21 January
2992:2022-11-16
2963:2022-11-16
2860:2023-01-03
2822:2022-11-16
2520:2017-08-04
2486:2023-10-06
2457:2023-12-15
2402:References
1955:Since 1989
1627:after the
1553:Protestant
1339:Azerbaijan
1251:Ural River
1247:Kazakhstan
1237:Kazakhstan
1157:Montenegro
928:, and the
790:Azerbaijan
750:Azerbaijan
512:Protestant
451:, Greece,
401:Montenegro
336:After the
278:Ural River
270:Kazakhstan
260:, and the
258:Ural River
87:East Slavs
74:, and the
9376:50°N 30°E
9258:Antarctic
9042:Irish Sea
9032:Black Sea
8991:Australia
8940:Caribbean
8917:continent
8891:Patagonia
8821:Polynesia
8799:Melanesia
8792:Zealandia
8770:Australia
8656:Southwest
8576:Caribbean
8353:Near East
7994:submerged
7989:Zealandia
7984:Australia
7874:Old World
7869:New World
7743:Lithuania
7716:Holocaust
7687:1920-1939
7632:1989-1992
7627:1945-1948
7607:1918-1938
7598:1867-1918
7593:1648-1867
7588:1526-1648
7533:1878-1946
7488:Holocaust
7433:Stone Age
7383:1880-1918
7378:1829-1878
7373:1502-1828
7368:1453-1829
7237:Lithuania
7084:by region
6944:sculpture
6899:Tattooing
6887:Languages
6877:Etiquette
6780:GDP (PPP)
6704:Transport
6574:Education
6562:relations
6389:Mountains
6320:Geography
5926:Gibraltar
5875:Dependent
5698:Lithuania
5289:, Mainz:
5184:(1983b).
5142:(1983a).
4976:12 August
4754:. p. 618.
4062:"Croatia"
3159:150672781
2953:129401740
2910:154698941
2902:1356-7667
2812:159184190
2804:0955-7571
2657:31 August
2567:5 October
2164:, namely
2152:into the
2139:Lithuania
2093:With the
2011:Lithuania
1886:Lithuania
1824:Kremlin.
1752:Bucharest
1539:, by the
1403:Byzantium
1379:Black Sea
974:Lithuania
724:Lithuania
625:thesaurus
565:European
563:communist
457:Lithuania
8785:Tasmania
8733:Hispanic
8596:Northern
8543:Germanic
8521:Atlantic
8463:Southern
8424:Northern
8390:Caucasus
8326:Dead Sea
8297:Caucasus
8265:Southern
8258:Maritime
8253:Mainland
8226:Northern
8207:Far East
8166:Aral Sea
8089:Southern
8033:Northern
7768:Slovakia
7559:Caucasus
7494:Bulgaria
7314:Abkhazia
7288:Abkhazia
7257:Slovakia
7207:Bulgaria
7126:Category
7029:Armorial
6998:Religion
6939:painting
6628:Politics
6606:Eurozone
6430:Politics
6416:Villages
6294:Military
6287:By topic
6192:articles
6133:Category
6118:Holy See
6068:Scotland
6038:Svalbard
6023:of 1921)
5959:Guernsey
5954:Alderney
5844:Abkhazia
5778:Slovenia
5773:Slovakia
5748:Portugal
5608:Bulgaria
5371:Archived
5305:Archived
5294:Archived
5283:Archived
5272:Archived
5160:Archived
5107:Archived
5083:Archived
5052:Archived
5039:abstract
4920:Archived
4803:Archived
4722:Archived
4699:Archived
4566:Archived
4530:22 April
4524:Archived
4491:22 April
4485:Archived
4407:Archived
4375:Archived
4337:Archived
4308:Archived
4257:Archived
4214:Archived
4173:Archived
4113:Archived
4111:. 2003.
4070:Archived
4006:44963345
3971:Archived
3942:archived
3882:Archived
3852:Archived
3823:Archived
3792:Archived
3735:Archived
3731:BBC News
3625:Archived
3593:Archived
3564:Archived
3490:Archived
3407:Archived
3351:Archived
3321:Archived
3275:Archived
3239:Archived
3201:Archived
3163:Archived
3135:(2002).
3070:Archived
3062:UNI NOVA
3020:Archived
2986:Archived
2957:Archived
2854:Archived
2816:Archived
2762:Archived
2733:Archived
2707:Archived
2667:cite web
2622:Archived
2590:Archived
2561:Archived
2514:Archived
2480:Archived
2451:Archived
2420:Archived
2233:See also
2194:Slovenia
2190:Slovakia
2166:Bulgaria
2158:Slovakia
2054:Bulgaria
2027:Slovenia
2023:Slovakia
1748:Belgrade
1744:Budapest
1716:Adriatic
1649:Slovenia
1569:numeracy
1561:Cyrillic
1549:Catholic
1456:and the
1411:Caucasus
1405:and the
1351:Parthian
1195:Slovenia
1127:Portugal
1082:Bulgaria
1026:Slovenia
1021:Slovakia
813:Abkhazia
736:Caucasus
701:and the
547:Cold War
508:Catholic
488:theology
469:Slovenia
465:Slovakia
381:Bulgaria
285:cultural
264:are the
107:Cold War
101:and the
72:Caucasus
8986:Oceania
8974:by area
8930:America
8907:Islands
8757:Oceania
8626:Midwest
8581:Central
8548:Romance
8516:Western
8385:Balkans
8380:Eastern
8375:Central
8343:Mashriq
8287:Western
8231:Siberia
8183:Eastern
8161:Central
8094:Western
8067:Central
8043:Mashriq
8038:Maghreb
8028:Saharan
7974:America
7967:Eurasia
7839:regions
7788:Ukraine
7758:Romania
7748:Moldova
7733:Hungary
7728:Georgia
7638:Estonia
7464:Belarus
7459:Balkans
7319:Armenia
7307:History
7272:Ukraine
7247:Romania
7242:Moldova
7227:Hungary
7222:Georgia
7217:Estonia
7202:Belarus
7192:Armenia
7110:Outline
7025:Symbols
7013:Judaism
6978:Cuisine
6926:Culture
6914:Erasmus
6860:Society
6679:History
6663:Economy
6616:Members
6557:Economy
6394:Regions
6379:Islands
6374:Geology
6359:Climate
6200:History
6063:England
6006:Finland
5886:Denmark
5803:Ukraine
5753:Romania
5713:Moldova
5673:Ireland
5668:Iceland
5663:Hungary
5653:Germany
5648:Georgia
5638:Finland
5633:Estonia
5628:Denmark
5613:Croatia
5598:Belgium
5593:Belarus
5583:Austria
5578:Armenia
5573:Andorra
5568:Albania
5325:(1945)
5135:(2007).
4798:(2011)
4767:(1945)
3858:30 July
3798:16 July
3788:EuroVoc
3768:1 April
2713:17 July
2309:Eurovoc
2198:Central
2186:Romania
2178:Hungary
2174:Croatia
2143:Estonia
2127:Ukraine
2123:Moldova
2119:Belarus
2111:COMECON
2097:of the
2085:Croatia
2058:Romania
2003:Hungary
1999:Estonia
1894:Estonia
1882:Moldova
1878:Ukraine
1874:Belarus
1846:. When
1724:Central
1714:in the
1712:Trieste
1706:in the
1704:Stettin
1678:to the
1581:Serfdom
1576:Serfdom
1517:Bohemia
1485:Eastern
1422:Eastern
1387:Ukraine
1383:Romania
1375:Macedon
1371:Paeonia
1359:Balkans
1343:Georgia
1335:Armenia
1319:Colchis
1290:Discuss
1261:History
1167:Romania
1147:Moldova
1133:Hungary
1097:Croatia
1072:Albania
1051:Balkans
993:Romania
960:Hungary
946:Croatia
891:Ukraine
876:Balkans
872:Moldova
867:Belarus
795:Georgia
785:Armenia
754:Georgia
746:Armenia
714:Estonia
659:EuroVoc
621:EuroVoc
587:EuroVoc
577:EuroVoc
478:Map of
453:Hungary
449:Croatia
425:Armenia
421:Ukraine
409:Romania
397:Moldova
389:Georgia
377:Belarus
64:Balkans
60:Romania
56:Moldova
52:Ukraine
44:Belarus
9381:50; 30
9273:Global
9263:Arctic
9202:Rivers
9180:Other
9114:Oceans
8969:Europe
8925:Africa
8718:French
8591:Middle
8553:Slavic
8538:Celtic
8439:Nordic
8429:Baltic
8367:Europe
8321:Levant
8015:Africa
7851:Worlds
7783:Turkey
7763:Russia
7738:Latvia
7264:(only
7262:Turkey
7252:Russia
7232:Latvia
7131:Portal
7052:Ageing
6961:Cinema
6694:Energy
6399:Rivers
6354:Cities
6190:
6188:Europe
6031:Norway
5849:Kosovo
5798:Turkey
5788:Sweden
5768:Serbia
5758:Russia
5743:Poland
5738:Norway
5718:Monaco
5688:Latvia
5658:Greece
5643:France
5618:Cyprus
5552:Europe
5485:
5475:
5453:
5421:
5363:
5349:(2011)
5337:(1991)
5327:online
5318:(1966)
5255:(1999)
5234:
5215:
5194:
5177:(1983)
5152:
5128:(1993)
5104:Online
5080:online
5071:(2000)
5023:
5011:(2001)
5002:(2012)
4917:online
4769:online
4719:Online
4696:Online
4651:
4617:
4563:online
4516:
4477:
4453:
4436:
4367:
4249:
4206:
4004:
3700:
3556:
3521:
3482:
3382:
3231:
3193:
3157:
3147:
2982:dw.com
2951:
2941:
2908:
2900:
2846:
2810:
2802:
2699:
2553:
2426:1 June
2182:Poland
2168:, the
2141:, and
2135:Latvia
2113:, the
2079:
2073:
2048:
2042:
2019:Poland
2007:Latvia
1991:Cyprus
1985:
1979:
1916:, and
1890:Latvia
1870:Russia
1797:
1788:
1779:
1769:
1754:, and
1740:Vienna
1736:Prague
1732:Berlin
1728:Warsaw
1708:Baltic
1645:Poland
1598:Russia
1521:Poland
1391:Russia
1389:, and
1367:Thrace
1353:, and
1323:Iberia
1231:Kosovo
1209:Turkey
1181:Serbia
1111:Greece
1087:Cyprus
1007:Serbia
988:Poland
924:, the
886:Russia
752:, and
719:Latvia
697:, the
693:, the
689:, the
685:. The
655:UNESCO
613:
607:
601:
594:
592:
567:states
520:Greece
461:Poland
431:. The
419:, and
417:Serbia
413:Russia
393:Greece
385:Cyprus
329:
323:
317:
311:
238:
232:
226:
220:
214:
208:
199:
91:Greeks
70:, the
66:, the
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