532:, store the primary ammunition in an isolated compartment in the turret bustle, with blowout panels on top and the ramming mechanism underneath or in the middle. This allows for much better crew protection but the loading mechanism, taking up space in the ammunition compartment, reduces the available number of rounds that can be carried. Therefore, such a tank usually stores additional ammo in compartmentalized storage at the bottom of the fighting compartment, like older manual loading tank designs. This storage can be surrounded by water, but the reduced crew must still transfer this ammunition to the autoloader at some point. However, such a design can also allow for the rapid replacement of the autoloader and reloading of the ready ammunition by making the compartment at the rear of the turret a modular component that can be easily replaced with appropriate support equipment, similar to how the US
521:, are armored against outside attack but much less resistant to pressure from inside, so that if the compartment is penetrated by enemy fire the panels will open, venting the explosion generated by the ammunition and protect the crew while keeping the tank in one piece. Other western designs from the later Cold War era to the present with manual loading have similar protective features. In contrast, the Soviet tanks of the Cold War which employ autoloaders store the ammunition on a carousel in the middle of the crew compartment, where any penetration by enemy fire is likely to incinerate the crew and blow the turret right off the top of the tank (known as the
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525:). This is made worse by the fact that autoloader holds only a limited number of rounds, while the remaining ammunition is stored around the crew compartment. Result is that even if the carousel itself is not hit, ammunition stored around the tank may still ignite due to a penetrating hit, and thus set off the ammunition in the carousel.
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The replacement of the loader and gunner with a commander and driver could allow crewmembers to rotate shifts. This would enable continuous operations on the battlefield. Though in some retrofit cases (Abrams tank for example) there is nothing in the fitting of an autoloader that requires the removal
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The disadvantage of the need to keep most of the ammunition close to the autoloader can be actually turned into an advantage by using an unmanned turret design with a crew capsule. In this case, all the necessary ammunition can be kept in direct access to the autoloader, without affecting the safety
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system is reloaded. Another possible advantage is that the door that separates the turret can be only large enough for one round of ammunition to slide through, rather than extending across the entire rear of the turret as in the case of the M1 Abrams – this could save additional mass and reduce the
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was designed to protect the crew from cooking off, which is accomplished by storing the main gun ammunition in a compartment at the rear of the turret. The compartment is separated from the crew by a power-operated armored door, which is only opened for a couple of seconds each time the loader needs
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The most common tank autoloaders store their ammunition in the turret basket, increasing the possibility of a catastrophic explosion should the armor around the hull or turret be penetrated. More armor protection, and isolation/separation of the ammunition from the crew compartment has traditionally
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A modern tank autoloader for a 120 mm (4.7 in) and 125 mm (4.9 in) caliber weapon in good condition can achieve about 10-12 rounds per minute. This rating may or may not include the time required to bring the gun to the appropriate loading angle (if required) and then bringing it
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After the middle 20th century, autoloading became common on large 76.2 mm (3.00 in) caliber or greater naval guns. The size of the shells, when combined with the more elaborate autoloading facilities available in the wider spaces of a ship, makes an autoloader much faster than human
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response provided by modern counterbattery systems. On the other hand, even during sustained bombardment an autoloader could be useful, as the fatigue issues of loading an artillery piece for hours (i.e. 155 mm (6.1 in) projectile weighs ~45 kg (99 lb)) do not affect them.
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For weapons above 127 mm (5.0 in), the increased weight of the round pushes this issue decisively in favor of the autoloader. For self-propelled artillery with calibers of around 152 mm (6.0 in) and 155 mm (6.1 in), for example, autoloaders can typically achieve
413:) does not have one and likes to use two older 100 mm (3.9 in) caliber guns. The US 3"/70 Mark 37 actually spent more time in design (13 years) than in service (12 years) due to severe unreliability. These problems are largely of the past and the field has advanced a great deal.
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8–12 rounds per minute, while a human loader(s) can typically achieve 4 rounds per minute. For sustained bombardments, this may not be so important. Sustained firing rates for artillery are typically only 1–2 rounds per minute, but the rapid-fire capability is vital to
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The advent of jet aircraft, and the rate of fire required to engage them, hastened the adoption of automatic loaders on naval artillery. Development was often problematic, and reliability was seriously compromised in many cases. The US
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of the loader. In such situations the autoloader frees up the fourth crew-member to support the other three full-time, instead of just part-time when they are not doing their main job.
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power necessary to operate the door, by using less armor for the same level of protection, since it would be part of the turret instead of a sliding component in a heavy frame.
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in the late 1970s. Both weapons achieved a rate of fire of 12 rounds per barrel per minute, compared to 3-4 rounds per minute for the preceding hand-loaded weapons.
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127 mm/5" Compact has similar performance. The largest caliber auto-loading naval rifles were the US 8"/55 Mark 16, deployed on the three cruisers of the
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of the gun if it does not. It often replaces a human loader. Automation can streamline and speed the loading process, resulting in a more effective design.
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of the crew, because the crew compartment is completely separate from the autoloader and ammunition. Modern examples of this design are the
Russian
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are examples of this, both being significantly lower in profile than contemporaries with manually loaded guns and a fourth loader crewmember.
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Applications of robotics and artificial intelligence to reduce risk and improve effectiveness: a study for the United States Army
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638:) all weigh between 45–55 tons. Tanks that do not use autoloaders tend to weigh in the 55–70 ton range (American
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from the ammunition storage rack/compartment and loads it into a magazine or belt, if the gun has one, or directly into the
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449:(twin barrel naval 130 mm (5.1 in)), using autoloading, can achieve up to 40 rounds per barrel per minute. The
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Repeating and Multi-Fire
Weapons: A History from the Zhuge Crossbow Through ... - Gerald Prenderghast - Google Książki
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technique, firing several shells with varying propellant charges so all of them land on their targets simultaneously.
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without being an integrated part of the gun itself. The term is generally only applied to larger weapons, such as
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The Modern
Weaponry of the World's Armed Forces - Col. Y Udaya Chandar (Retd.) - Google Książki
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Hunnicutt, R. P. Pershing, A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series, 1996, Feist
Publications,
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With a smaller crew, the vehicle can also be made smaller inside. This reduces the amount of
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was derated from 40 rounds per minute to 34 to improve reliability. The Soviet/Russian
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Autoloaders are often implemented in an attempt to reduce tank size and profile. The
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been available in tanks with a human loader, which can decrease the possibility of
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This article is about automated weapon loaders for vehicles. For other uses, see
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back up to firing angle after loading. The autoloader on the cancelled
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in the late 1940s, and the 8"/55 Mark 71 tested aboard the destroyer
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tank was supposed to have up to 15 rounds per minute rate of fire.
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In addition, an artillery piece with an autoloader and powerful
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is a mechanical aid or replacement for the personnel that load
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that needs to be armored, meaning the vehicle, especially the
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has used an autoloader. Their use has been mostly shunned by
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The current generation of tanks using autoloaders (Russian
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being one of the first tank designs to use an autoloader.
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to grab another round. The roof of the compartment has
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tactics to deliver enough fire and then avoid the rapid
393:5"/38 Mark 12 can load about 20 rounds per minute.
99:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
795:"Russia / USSR 130 mm/70 (5.1") AK-130 - NavWeaps"
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831:Creations, (c) 2005 Vasiliy Fofanov - Sauron's.
347:Autoloaders were developed at the beginning of
204:that contextualizes different points of view.
190:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
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62:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
159:Learn how and when to remove this message
909:. National Academies. 1983. p. 18.
814:"USA 3"/70 (7.62 cm) Mark 37 - NavWeaps"
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773:"USA 5"/54 (12.7 cm) Mark 42 - NavWeaps"
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709:Prenderghast, Gerald (March 23, 2018).
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951:"Tank Autoloader or Crewman Loader?"
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497:multiple rounds simultaneous impact
366:and Russian-derived tank since the
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891:"Tank Autoloader vs Manual Loader"
528:Some Western designs, such as the
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947:"The Chieftain" about autoloaders
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21:Autoloader (disambiguation)
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943:, YouTube presentation by
389:loaders. For example, the
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16:Mechanical ordnance loader
941:"Whither the Autoloader?"
399:5"/54 caliber Mark 42 gun
281:An autoloader extracts a
833:"Black Eagle Autoloader"
473:Object 640 "Black Eagle"
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427:M1128 mobile gun system
381:, despite the American
523:jack-in-the-box effect
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409:class destroyer (now
198:by rewriting it in a
93:improve this article
893:. January 22, 2023.
570:MBT and the Polish
493:fire control system
264:crew-served weapons
969:Firearm components
758:2008-09-05 at the
688:. April 24, 2017.
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327:. You can help by
871:on March 25, 2012
865:"T-72 Schematics"
812:DiGiulian, Tony.
793:DiGiulian, Tony.
771:DiGiulian, Tony.
622:, Sino-Pakistani
383:T22E1 medium tank
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360:Henschel Hs 129
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108:"Autoloader"
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91:Please help
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974:Autoloaders
640:M1A2 Abrams
598:, Japanese
407:Sovremenniy
362:B-3. Every
336:August 2021
256:auto-loader
210:August 2021
149:August 2015
963:Categories
670:References
658:, Israeli
654:, Turkish
650:, British
630:, Iranian
606:, Chinese
456:Des Moines
353:Bordkanone
260:ammunition
252:autoloader
119:newspapers
48:improve it
743:., p. 50.
664:C1 Ariete
646:, Indian
644:Leopard 2
642:, German
618:, French
534:M270 MLRS
514:M1 Abrams
462:USS
276:artillery
54:talk page
875:July 22,
845:cite web
756:Archived
632:Zulfiqar
578:Adoption
510:cook-off
417:Features
375:American
660:Merkava
620:Leclerc
612:Type 99
608:Type 96
604:Type 10
600:Type 90
451:Italian
444:Russian
308:History
291:chamber
194:Please
133:scholar
922:May 1,
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636:Karrar
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440:Soviet
403:AK-130
364:Soviet
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302:turret
274:, and
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656:Altay
648:Arjun
628:M2020
572:PL-01
458:class
283:shell
272:tanks
262:into
186:lend
140:JSTOR
126:books
924:2011
911:ISBN
877:2011
851:link
737:ISBN
717:ISBN
690:ISBN
634:and
610:and
602:and
596:T-14
594:and
592:T-90
588:T-80
584:T-72
551:T-64
549:and
541:Size
464:Hull
438:The
377:and
368:T-64
285:and
112:news
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331:.
254:or
250:An
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