36:
278:
870:
168:" respondisset: "Aut nón," neque post hanc vócem quasi veniá datá quisquam dímicáre vellet, diú cúnctátus an omnés igní ferróque absúmeret, tandem é séde suá prósiluit ac per ambitum lacús nón sine foedá vacillátióne discurréns partim minandó partim adhortandó ad pugnam compulit. Hóc spectáculó classis Sicula et Rhodia concurrérunt, duodénárum trirémium singulae...
174:
pardoned. Upon this he hesitated for some time about destroying them all with fire and sword, but at last leaping from his throne and running along the edge of the lake with his ridiculous tottering gait, he induced them to fight, partly by threats and partly by promises. At this performance a
Sicilian and a Rhodian fleet engaged, each numbering twelve
200:
together addressed
Claudius in this fashion: "Hail, Emperor! We who are about to die salute thee ." And when this in no wise availed to save them and they were ordered to fight just the same, they simply sailed through their opponents' lines, injuring each other as little as possible. This continued until they were forced to destroy one another.
308:'s death in AD 41 until his death in AD 54. According to Suetonius, Claudius was extraordinarily fond of the games. He is said to have risen with the crowd after gladiatorial matches and given unrestrained praise to the fighters, and he was criticized for not leaving the arena during the executions as was the custom among the noble classes.
246:". John C. Rolfe notes both responses, describing them as "one of Claudius' feeble jokes, which the combatants pretended to understand as meaning that they need not risk their lives in battle". Donald Kyle describes it as a possible attempt at a witticism. Joseph Pike states in his notes on Roth's text:
516:: the rest of the lake was occupied by marines with decked vessels. The shores, the hills, the mountain-crests, formed a kind of theatre, soon filled by an untold multitude, attracted from the neighbouring towns, and in part from the capital itself, by curiosity or by respect for the sovereign. He and
644:
immediately before the
Christians face the lions as "Hail, Caesar! those about to die salute thee", with the Emperor responding "Good morrow, friends". As well as taking root in modern conceptions of Roman customs, the phrase has passed into contemporary culture, including use by military pilots such
612:
Kyle concurs that no other sources record the "supposed gladiator salute" in any other context "and it did not come here from true gladiators". Treated as a commodity, they were not elite gladiators but captives and criminals doomed to die, who usually fought until all were killed. When the salute or
600:
Alan Baker broadly agrees, stating, "There is no evidence that this was common practice among gladiators. As far as we know, the only time this phrase was used was at an event staged by
Claudius." Plass notes that "it is hard to see why or how the phrase came to be used on this occasion if it was not
595:
My conclusion is, accordingly, that there is no evidence whatever for the much-quoted salute of the gladiators. The only two ancient references, those in
Suetonius and in Dio, refer not to gladiators but to naumachiarii, men condemned to die, and even these references are to one specific episode, the
592:
replied "Aut non", they took his words as meaning "aut non morituri" and indicating pardon – Suetonius says "quasi venia data" – and refused to fight, but finally yielded either to the entreaties of the
Emperor or to force, and fought bravely until the survivors were excused from further slaughter.
591:
ombining the three accounts, we can reasonably assume that, condemned as they were to die, these convicts invoked
Claudius with their "Morituri te salutant", which was not a regular and formal salute, but an appeal used only on that occasion in the hope of winning the Emperor's sympathy. When he
199:
woven with threads of gold, and the rest of the spectators whatever pleased their fancy. Those who were to take part in the sea-fight were condemned criminals, and each side had fifty ships, one part being styled "Rhodians" and the other "Sicilians." First they assembled in a single body and all
173:
Even when he was on the point of letting out the water from Lake
Fucinus he gave a sham sea-fight first. But when the combatants cried out: "Hail, emperor, they who are about to die salute thee," he replied, "Or not," and after that all of them refused to fight, maintaining that they had been
133:
Despite its popularization in later times, the phrase is not recorded elsewhere in Roman history. Historians question whether it was ever used as a salute. It was more likely an isolated appeal by desperate captives and criminals condemned to die, and noted by Roman historians in part for the
586:
and was surrounded by "the crack soldiers of the praetorian guard, both infantry and cavalry, who were protected by ramparts and equipped with catapults and ballistae, and further reinforced by ships bearing marines ready for action". He concludes that this was not a formal salute, but in all
534:
in 1939. He observed that the salute had become widely represented and embellished in "numerous works dealing with Roman antiquities, so that it has become one of the best known and most often cited of Roman customs". It was recognized in lay and academic writings as a customary salute of
520:
presided, the one in a gorgeous military cloak, the other – not far distant – in a Greek mantle of cloth of gold. The battle, though one of criminals , was contested with the spirit and courage of freemen; and, after much blood had flowed, the combatants were exempted from destruction .
617:
cting with some initiative and inventing a pseudo-gladiatorial salute, and then fighting well, these men, despite their criminal and non-professional status and their intended extermination, atypically turned themselves into proper gladiators for a day. Hence some survived.
250:
The reading 'Avēte vōs' is from the fifteenth century manuscripts and editions. In this case the emperor is simply returning the salutation. The literal meaning is, however, 'be well', 'be safe', or 'be sound', and the gladiators understood it as dismissing them.
194:
Claudius conceived the desire to exhibit a naval battle on a certain lake; so, after building a wooden wall around it and erecting stands, he assembled an enormous multitude. Claudius and Nero were arrayed in military garb, while
Agrippina wore a beautiful
467:
in order that the impressive character of the work might be viewed by a larger number of visitants, a naval battle was arranged upon the lake itself, on the model of an earlier spectacle given by
Augustus – though with light vessels and a smaller force "
476:, it is noted that "such an amount of criminals may probably represent the sweepings of the provinces as well as of Rome and Italy; but even on this supposition the number, as Friedländer remarks (ii, 324), is suggestive of iniquitous condemnations".
539:
to the emperor. And yet "there is no other ancient reference to a salute of the gladiators, and in this case it was uttered not by gladiators at all, but by naumachiarii." A striking example of this pervasive belief even in academia can be found in
259:" response as a cruel jest: "hen they would gladly have interpreted it as an act of favour, and a grant of their lives, he soon gave them to understand that it proceeded from the contrary principle of barbarous cruelty, and insensibility."
609:." He comments on the distancing effect of the Latin source and the first person of the Greek source and notes that the interpretation and response by the fighters "seems to be a maneuver within rules governing clemency in the arena".
238:," but this version was still accepted in the nineteenth century, as can be seen in the Baumgarten-Crusius edition of 1816. Karl Ludwig Roth returned to the better quality manuscripts for his 1857 edition—chiefly the ninth-century
496:, and nineteen thousand combatants: the lists he surrounded with rafts, so as to leave no unauthorized points of escape, but reserved space enough in the centre to display the vigour of the rowing, the arts of the
1156:
was first recorded in the thirteenth century, but disappeared until the sixteenth century; it received little attention until it was acquired by the Royal Library of Paris in 1706. The second oldest manuscript
578:
Following a review of the source material related to the AD 52 naumachia, Leon observes that the fighters were not gladiators but were convicted criminals sentenced to death. Their intended fate was
435:. The project, which took eleven years to complete and employed 30,000 men, included the leveling of a hill top and the construction of a 3-mile (4.8 km) tunnel between the lake and the river
142:
The source material comes from the works of three Roman historians, who were all born after the events of 52 AD. Suetonius (c. 69–75 to after 130, probably writing around AD 121), and
823:
It appears in the party scene in 1950’s film, All About Eve: “Margo: You be the host. It's your party. Happy birthday, welcome home, and we who are about to die salute you.”
508:, and the usual incidents of an engagement. On the rafts were stationed companies and squadrons of the praetorian cohorts, covered by a breastwork from which to operate their
2001:
The show's title is derived from the famous Latin phrase (one oft-associated with gladiators about to lay their lives on the line), "Ave, Imperator: Morituri te salutant."
365:
by the Romans) was one of the latter, a large-scale and bloody spectacular combative event taking place on many ships and held in large lakes or flooded arenas.
601:
a regular formula. On the other hand, if it was something that Claudius might expect to hear it would more naturally serve in its role as a feed line for his
1512:
The history of science and technology: a browser's guide to the great discoveries, inventions, and the people who made them, from the dawn of time to today
571:, cites the phrase and writes in vivid and poetic detail of the gladiators' "melancholy salutation" as they parade past the emperor prior to entering the
311:
Claudius also presided over many new and original events. Soon after coming into power, Claudius instituted games to be held in honor of his father,
587:
likelihood an isolated incident of a mass plea for sympathy or mercy by desperate convicted men sentenced to death on a specific occasion, and that
971:(7th revised edition, 2018), and in general the grammar and meaning of the text, except for the vocalization of "have", which is according to
752:(1964), in popular music of the 1980s, as well as music in video games, in the paper title of peer-reviewed medical research, in a political
1545:
606:
393:
756:, market commentary during 2008 global financial crisis and in modern art, fiction, non-fiction and poetry related to the Roman period.
963:
1791:: "Ave! Old knitter of black wool. Morituri te salutant. Not many of those she looked ever saw her again – not half, by a long way."
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Unlike gladiatorial combats, naumachiae were infrequently held—they were usually only called to celebrate notable events.
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2015:
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1344:
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held a naumachia in which Dio reports "practically all the combatants and many of the spectators as well perished".
2043:
2038:
1852:
Elsaesser; Paysan (2005). "Morituri te salutant? Olfactory signal transduction and the role of phosphoinositides".
988:
The Routledge Dictionary of Latin Quotations: The Illiterati's Guide to Latin Maxims, Mottoes, Proverbs and Sayings
1111:
622:
He concludes that "he sources remark on the incident, in part, because it was an anomaly in arena practice—a mass
1572:
769:), brought back from his retirement to kill Maximus, says "We who are about to die, salute you!" to the emperor
2058:
828:
1911:
Art Cashin, director of floor operations for UBS Financial Services and a stock market commentator for CNBC's
453:) despite initially only achieving partial success, and was the longest such tunnel until the construction of
640:
2048:
596:
circumstances of which indicate that the supposed salute was not even a regular salute of the naumachiarii.
1943:
888:
428:
315:, on the latter's birthday. Annual games were also held in honor of his accession, and took place at the
146:(around 155–164 to after 229, probably writing 200–22) both wrote about the event and quoted the phrase.
76:("The Life of the Caesars", or "The Twelve Caesars"). It was reportedly used during an event in AD 52 on
1985:
1902:
by using the phrase to suggest a parallel between Canadian emigrants and the victims in the Roman arena.
35:
1973:
1223:
223:, meaning "we salute/greet"). Apart from this, the Latin and Greek expressions have the same meaning.
740:, spoken by the main antagonist, Mr. Brown, shortly before his death in Agatha Christie's 1922 novel
161:...quín et émissúrus Fúcinum lacum naumachiam ante commísit. Sed cum próclámantibus naumachiáriís: "
893:
242:, the oldest known extant version of Suetonius' work—and corrected Claudius' reported response to "
1925:
1045:
213:
of the main verb differs in the two sources. Suetonius quotes it with a third-person plural verb (
150:(c. 56–117, writing from around 98 to 117) mentions the event but does not quote the phrase.
43:
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898:
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27:
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1600:
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2018:- Latin text. English, French, Italian and other translations provided from the navigation bar.
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The naumachia called by Claudius celebrated the completion of a drainage work and agricultural
297:
986:
761:
697:
544:
517:
217:, meaning "they/those salute/greet"), and Cassius quotes it with a first-person plural verb (
1986:"Those About to Die: Everything to Know About Roland Emmerich's Gladiator Series on Peacock"
961:. Vowel length marks added here to the Latin text follow those found in the 2016 edition of
454:
2016:
Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum ("The Life of the Caesars", also known as "The Twelve Caesars")
1832:
1018:
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8:
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Gai Suetoni Tranquilli de vita Caesarum, libri III-VI: Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero
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19:"Those who are about to die salute you" redirects here. For the album by Colosseum, see
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582:(massacre, or slaughter). The lake had been surrounded with "rafts" to prevent a
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held an event with 6,000 naumachiarii in the lesser Codeta, a marshy area by the
339:
89:
153:
The first known record of the phrase is in the writings of Suetonius (here with
1788:
1606:
Daily Life in Ancient Rome: The People and the City at the Height of the Empire
875:
855:
817:
710:
706:
553:
Daily Life in Ancient Rome: The People and the City at the Height of the Empire
126:("We who are about to die salute you")—and a response in 15th-century texts of
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718:
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301:
230:" ("Fare you well!"), suggesting an act of favor. The earliest editions of
77:
63:
1721:
832:, which is centered on gladiators, is named as a reference to the phrase.
2033:
790:
731:
420:
143:
1765:
1743:
We Who Are About to Die: The Story of John Lerew, a Hero of Rabaul, 1942
530:
H. J. Leon of the University of Texas considered this salutation in the
1061:
Michael Grant (1979) "Introduction" to the Penguin Classics edition of
972:
883:
646:
493:
369:
and criminals condemned to die were tasked with enacting naval battles
182:
The same incident is described in the writings of Cassius Dio, a Roman
805:
on the cover) is the eighth studio album by Australian hard rock band
921:
702:
623:
572:
541:
536:
397:
358:
354:
272:
81:
67:
47:
1674:
The game of death in ancient Rome: arena sport and political suicide
634:
The story was well known in the 20th century, and indeed appears in
613:
appeal failed, and they were forced to kill one another in earnest,
1364:
1115:
1114:
is stated to be a reproduction of the 1925 published text from the
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813:
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327:
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392:. Cassius Dio writes of two naumachiae that Titus held during the
357:, to large-scale events with potentially thousands of deaths. The
1225:
Romæ antiquæ notitia: or, The antiquities of Rome. (In two parts)
676:
505:
489:
335:
316:
196:
175:
147:
941:
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According to Tacitus (writing around 50 years after the event):
400:, including an event of 3,000 men enacting a battle between the
183:
59:
431:
mountain range located around 50 miles (80 km) from
1814:
934:
806:
722:
692:
385:
218:
856:[ˈaweːɪmpeˈraːtor(ˈkae̯sar)moriˈtuːriːteːsaˈluːtant]
778:
Those Who Are About to Die Salute You – Morituri Te Salutant
134:
unusual mass reprieve granted by Claudius to the survivors.
1945:
Morituri Te Salutant: Those Who Are About to Die, Greet You
436:
432:
1645:
The gladiator: the secret history of Rome's warrior slaves
746:, as well as mentioned in the epilogue of Christie's book
353:
Public entertainments varied from combat between just two
84:—captives and criminals fated to die fighting during mock
163:
105:
945:
The Latin text, with no length marks, together with the
1701:. St. Paul, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint. pp. 74–75.
1402:
Suetonius, The Lives of the Caesars, Julius Caesar, 39.
1382:. Oxford University Press, 2000. pp. 302 note 20.
1094:"Introduction to the Loeb Classics edition of Tacitus'
373:
for public entertainment. Those selected were known as
319:
camp where Claudius had first been proclaimed emperor.
204:
479:
110:
as the first word instead of the grammatically proper
1731:
at Australian War Memorial. Retrieved on 22 May 2009.
1349:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
1015:
532:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
342:, setting out with the Praetorian cohorts to fight a
334:. He also on at least one occasion participated in a
26:"Ave Caesar" redirects here. For the board game, see
1699:
Darkest Hour: The True Story of Lark Force at Rabaul
1487:. Scholastic Library Publishing. 2005. p. 224.
1076:"Introduction to the Loeb Classics edition of Dio's
865:
226:
Claudius' response is stated in several sources as "
186:
and historian who wrote in Greek. In Book 60 of his
1608:. Ed. Henry T. Rowell. Trans. Emily Overend Lorimer
388:, to celebrate his fourth victory to be honored by
234:
published in Rome in 1470 and Venice in 1471 used "
46:(1859), inaccurately depicting gladiators greeting
1602:La vie Quotidienne à Rome à l'Apogée de l'Empire.
1509:
709:episode "Morituri Te Salutamus", a set of one-act
443:). The tunnel has been described as "the greatest
1589:, republished 1990 by Courier Dover Publications.
1460:
1458:
1456:
1037:
2025:
1598:
765:the former gladiator Tigris the Gaul (played by
549:La vie Quotidienne à Rome à l’Apogée de l’Empire
472:In a footnote to a 2008 publication of Tacitus'
1851:
1577:. Originally pub. McGraw-Hill. pp. 76–77.
326:—a religious festival that had been revived by
255:Basil Kennett, writing in 1820, describes the "
1507:
1453:
1433:The earth upsets: (another terrestrial motion)
1315:. Biblo & Tannen Publishers. p. 153.
674:entitled "Peace on Us", the French comic book
137:
1073:
1014:Greek text cited with French translation at
835:
555:). In this book the author, a member of the
58:("Hail, Emperor, those who are about to die
1612:. Yale University Press. pp. 239–240.
1376:Suetonius (2000). Catharine Edwards (ed.).
847:Avē Imperātor (Cæsar), moritūrī tē salūtant
845:
102:Variant components in the exchange include
95:. Suetonius reports that Claudius replied
1592:
1550:. Harvard University Press. p. 301.
1375:
1131:
1010:
1008:
1676:. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 201.
1667:
1665:
1304:
1302:
978:
789:. It is one of the pioneering albums of
629:
419:project at Italy's largest inland lake,
276:
34:
1941:
1740:
1429:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1221:
1215:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
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798:For Those About to Rock (We Salute You)
525:
284:(detail): an imaginative recreation by
2026:
1696:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1005:
949:is stated to be a reproduction of the
705:who were inevitably going to die, the
330:—to mark the 800th anniversary of the
262:
1820:For Those About to Rock We Salute You
1779:(1948). Film information in IMDb app.
1671:
1662:
1641:
1570:
1543:
1516:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p.
1308:
1299:
1171:Rolfe, John (translating Suetonius).
984:
854:
21:Those Who Are About to Die Salute You
1342:
1329:
1271:
1194:
1179:
964:Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français
205:Source variations and interpretation
114:, as well as the alternate wordings
1472:J. Jackson), Loeb Classical Library
1242:34.2 and Dio 60.13.4 on this point.
1198:Spectacles of death in ancient Rome
1024:
480:Description of the event by Tacitus
346:which was trapped in the harbor of
55:Avē Imperātor, moritūrī tē salūtant
13:
1745:. Maryborough, Qld: Banner Books.
1228:. Stirling and Slade. p. 264.
288:, first exhibited in Paris in 1894
14:
2075:
2009:
1924:For example the 1859 painting by
1624:– reprinted by Read Books, 2008,
1484:Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 27
1238:Kyle (2001) also cites Suetonius
1170:
1019:Dion Cassius, Histoire Romaine LX
1970:poem titled "Morituri Salutamus"
1930:Ave Caesar, morituri te salutant
868:
166:imperátor, moritúrí té salútant!
40:Ave Caesar! Morituri te salutant
1978:
1962:
1935:
1918:
1905:
1898:, a Canadian politician, which
1888:
1845:
1826:
1808:
1794:
1782:
1770:
1759:
1734:
1722:AWM Collection Record: EXDOC168
1715:
1690:
1635:
1571:Kirby, Richard Shelton (1956).
1564:
1537:
1501:
1475:
1440:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1369:
1284:
1258:
1245:
1232:
1164:
1146:
1125:
1038:Joseph Brown Pike, ed. (1903).
853:Classical Latin pronunciation:
812:It appears in the short story "
423:, an 11-mile (19 km) long
159:
1544:Marsh, George Perkins (1965).
1104:
1086:
1067:
1055:
915:
1:
1648:. Da Capo Press. p. 84.
1309:Moore, Frank Gardner (1936).
969:Woordenboek Latijn/Nederlands
909:
1021:(33) (Translated by E. Gros)
7:
1044:. Allyn and Bacon. p.
889:List of Roman amphitheatres
861:
10:
2080:
1974:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
1894:The 1871 maiden speech of
1532:claudius narcissus fucino.
1175:. pp. 44 (footnotes).
991:. Routledge. p. 232.
605:portraying his invincible
457:in 1876. According to the
266:
219:
138:Historical source material
25:
18:
1990:NBC Insider Official Site
1866:10.1007/s11068-005-5050-z
1599:Jérôme Carcopino (1940).
1508:Bunch; Hellemans (2004).
1201:. Routledge. p. 94.
951:1914 Latin published text
836:Writing and pronunciation
2054:Quotations from military
1942:Schulze, Jurgen (2003).
1854:Journal of Neurocytology
1766:Film information at imdb
1436:. Waverley. p. 101.
894:Military of ancient Rome
322:Claudius celebrated the
88:—in the presence of the
2044:Latin words and phrases
2039:50s in the Roman Empire
1345:"Morituri Te Salutamus"
1291:Translation of Pliny's
1222:Kennett, Basil (1820).
899:Slavery in ancient Rome
803:For Those About to Rock
120:"Moritūrī tē salūtāmus"
28:Ave Caesar (board game)
1697:Gamble, Bruce (2006).
1574:Engineering in history
1135:C. Suetonii Tranquilli
1116:Loeb Classical Library
955:Loeb Classical Library
846:
840:Written with optional
785:, released in 1969 by
781:is the debut album by
641:Androcles and the Lion
620:
598:
569:French Academy in Rome
567:, and Director of the
523:
470:
450:Encyclopedia Americana
298:Julio-Claudian dynasty
289:
253:
202:
180:
170:
62:you") is a well-known
50:
2059:Death in ancient Rome
1741:McAulay, Lex (2007).
1195:Kyle, Donald (1998).
1074:Earnest Cary (1958).
985:Stone, Jon R (2005).
698:Strikeforce: Morituri
630:Usage in modern times
615:
589:
486:
465:
338:himself according to
292:Claudius, the fourth
280:
248:
192:
171:
38:
1833:StarCraft: Brood War
1672:Plass, Paul (1998).
1642:Baker, Alan (2002).
1379:Lives of the Caesars
1161:was unknown to Roth.
743:The Secret Adversary
695:of the 1980s called
526:Usage in Roman times
398:Flavian Amphitheater
313:Nero Claudius Drusus
2049:Gladiatorial combat
1823:and its title song.
1173:Suetonius, Volume 2
1112:English translation
947:English translation
749:A Caribbean Mystery
636:George Bernard Shaw
263:Cultural background
130:("Fare you well").
122:—the latter in the
1727:2012-06-14 at the
1343:Leon, H J (1939).
1293:Historia Naturalis
1132:Suetonius (1826).
1120:Harvard University
1063:The Twelve Caesars
959:Harvard University
829:Those About to Die
721:'s canonical 1902
557:Académie française
488:Claudius equipped
455:that of Mont Cenis
290:
51:
1955:978-0-595-26784-2
1752:978-1-875593-30-9
1708:978-0-7603-2349-6
1683:978-0-299-14574-3
1655:978-0-306-81185-2
1630:978-1-4437-2982-6
1619:978-0-300-00031-3
1584:978-0-486-26412-7
1557:978-0-674-54452-9
1527:978-0-618-22123-3
1494:978-0-7172-0138-9
1420:Cassius Dio 67/8.
1411:Cassius Dio 66.25
1389:978-0-19-283271-9
1322:978-0-8196-0155-1
1312:The Roman's world
1208:978-0-203-14198-4
1138:. Valpy. p.
998:978-0-415-96909-3
727:Heart of Darkness
715:Hermann Sudermann
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701:that focused on
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417:land reclamation
367:Prisoners of war
336:wild animal hunt
332:founding of Rome
232:De Vita Caesarum
222:
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86:naval encounters
73:De vita Caesarum
44:Jean-Léon Gérôme
16:Latin salutation
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1968:For example, a
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1896:Wilfrid Laurier
1893:
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1860:(1–2): 97–116.
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1805:(1922), p. 458.
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394:inaugural games
363:navalia proelia
340:Pliny the Elder
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267:Main articles:
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240:Codex Memmianus
207:
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2010:External links
2008:
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1917:
1915:on 24 Oct 2008
1904:
1887:
1844:
1839:, reprised in
1837:Brood War Aria
1835:song entitled
1825:
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1789:Charles Marlow
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876:History portal
863:
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826:The 2024 show
820:in late 1919.
818:H.P. Lovecraft
707:Adventure Time
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754:maiden speech
751:
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732:James Joyce's
729:
728:
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719:Joseph Conrad
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682:René Goscinny
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324:Secular games
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1992:. 2024-05-31
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116:"Avē Caesar"
115:
111:
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99:("or not").
96:
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78:Lake Fucinus
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53:
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703:superheroes
626:reprieve."
494:quadriremes
425:crater lake
421:Lake Fucino
190:he states:
144:Cassius Dio
128:"Avete vos"
2028:Categories
1996:2024-07-18
1913:interview
1604:(English:
1446:Suetonius
1365:JStor link
1359:2012-10-11
1277:Suetonius
1264:Suetonius
1251:Suetonius
1100:. 1925–37.
1050:avete vos.
973:Quintilian
910:References
884:Bustuarius
660:(released
647:John Lerew
624:Androclean
537:gladiators
406:Syracusans
355:gladiators
317:Praetorian
304:following
228:Avēte vōs!
220:ἀσπαζόμεθα
124:1st person
66:quoted in
1817:'s album
1464:Tacitus,
1296:IX.14–15.
953:from the
922:Suetonius
783:Colosseum
762:Gladiator
656:entitled
607:gaucherie
580:occidioni
573:Colosseum
542:historian
518:Agrippina
514:ballistae
510:catapults
402:Athenians
359:naumachia
273:Naumachia
257:Avete vos
236:Avēte vōs
97:"Aut nōn"
68:Suetonius
48:Vitellius
2064:Claudius
1882:22670014
1874:16374712
1777:Morituri
1725:Archived
1448:Claudius
1279:Claudius
1266:Claudius
1253:Claudius
1240:Claudius
862:See also
814:Old Bugs
771:Commodus
658:Morituri
603:repartee
565:Sorbonne
563:and the
561:Le Havre
498:helmsmen
490:triremes
410:Domitian
404:and the
328:Augustus
306:Caligula
269:Claudius
215:salūtant
176:triremes
93:Claudius
1928:titled
1802:Ulysses
1468:12.56 (
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842:macrons
787:Fontana
737:Ulysses
677:Asterix
671:M*A*S*H
506:galleys
504:of the
502:impetus
427:in the
396:of the
390:triumph
296:of the
244:Aut nōn
197:chlamys
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734:novel
690:Marvel
500:, the
474:Annals
460:Annals
439:(Lat.
408:; and
211:person
184:consul
155:apices
60:salute
1900:ended
1878:S2CID
1815:AC/DC
1470:trans
807:AC/DC
723:novel
711:plays
693:comic
654:films
441:Liris
386:Tiber
348:Ostia
112:"Avē"
42:, by
1950:ISBN
1870:PMID
1747:ISBN
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1678:ISBN
1650:ISBN
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1203:ISBN
1152:The
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688:, a
684:and
666:1965
664:and
662:1948
512:and
437:Liri
433:Rome
271:and
209:The
164:Have
118:and
106:Have
1972:by
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