61:
169:. The increased melt production within the mantle may have supported a longer lived magma chamber causing the crust to be thicker. However, the Mid Atlantic Ridge has also been shown to have affected the characteristics of the Azores Plateau. It has been suggested that the main volcanic ridges on the plateau were created at the Mid Atlantic Ridge spreading axis.
159:
The Mid
Atlantic Ridge is a zone of extension that permits magma to rise, forming dikes and surface volcanism. Areas of excess magmatism on the Mid Atlantic Ridge have been called hotspots e.g. the Azores. Gravity field modelling studies have shown that the crustal thickness in this area is 60%
113:
and the Azores archipelago (formed of 9 islands extending a distance of 480 km which have been volcanically active for around 7 Myr). The archipelago lies on the lateral branch of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near the junction of three major tectonic plates; the
146:
anomalies have been mapped beneath the Azores in the upper 250–300 km. This has been suggested to be a signature of a plume that created the Azores
Plateau. Another theory is that the excess volcanism simply results from excess extension at this unusual
164:
is elevated. The hotspot is asymmetrical (north and south). It is thought that crust at ridges is formed by a combination of processes (magmatic and tectonic) with magma addition coming from short lived
249:; Briais, A.; Deplus, C.; Escartin, J.; Georgen, J.; Lin, J.; Mercouriev, S.; Meyzen, C.; Muller, M.; Pouliquen, G.; Rabain, A. & da Silva, P. (1999).
191:"Interaction between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Azores hot spot during the last 85 Myr: Emplacement and rifting of the hot spot-derived plateaus"
342:
In Plates, Plumes, and
Planetary Processes, Edited by G.R. Foulger and D.M. Jurdy, Geological Society of America Special Paper 530, Boulder, CO
18:
250:
251:"Mid-Atlantic Ridge–Azores hotspot interactions: along-axis migration of a hotspot-derived event of enhanced magmatism 10 to 4 Ma ago"
477:
405:
190:
835:
504:
361:"Ridge-hotspot interaction along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 37°30′ and 40°30′N: the UTh disequilibrium evidence"
840:
126:. This unique location causes the area to have ridge-hotspot interaction with a variation of volcanic processes.
845:
340:
Smith, A. G. (2007). "A plate model for
Jurassic to recent intraplate volcanism in the Pacific Ocean basin".
681:
301:
Silveria, G.; Stutzmann, E.; Davaille, A.; Montagner, J.; Mendes-Victor, L. & Sebai, A. (2006).
816:
653:
638:
497:
630:
376:
281:
269:
787:
691:
577:
420:
372:
314:
265:
205:
115:
676:
478:
Upper mantle structure beneath the Azores hotspot from finite-frequency seismic tomography
8:
709:
562:
406:"Discovery of a magma chamber and faults beneath a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal field"
424:
318:
229:
209:
747:
582:
444:
221:
99:
567:
452:
277:
767:
757:
752:
648:
620:
539:
513:
490:
436:
385:
360:
326:
302:
76:
472:
225:
800:
762:
643:
448:
428:
380:
322:
273:
213:
300:
795:
777:
704:
615:
587:
529:
521:
401:
246:
161:
148:
88:
742:
699:
671:
597:
557:
534:
135:
119:
110:
80:
399:
829:
772:
732:
727:
719:
610:
572:
549:
166:
139:
123:
34:
20:
812:
737:
440:
95:
245:
663:
217:
432:
404:; Canales, J. P.; Dusunur, D.; Escartin, J. & Miranda, M. (2006).
358:
400:
Singh, S. C.; Crawford, W. C.; Carton, H.; Seher, T.; Combier, V.;
87:
is relatively young and is associated with a bathymetric swell, a
188:
73:
60:
143:
142:
thought to have formed over the last 20 Mya. Negative velocity
92:
84:
482:
359:
Bourdon, B.; Langmuir, C. H. & Zinder, A. (1996).
296:
294:
827:
189:Gente P.; Dyment J.; Maia M.; Goslin J. (2003).
307:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
303:"Azores hotspot signature in the upper mantle"
291:
154:
498:
352:
239:
393:
98:. The Azores hotspot lies just east of the
505:
491:
182:
384:
59:
828:
486:
339:
129:
64:The Azores hotspot is marked 1 on map
198:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
365:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
258:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
13:
134:The Azores archipelago rises from
104:
14:
857:
466:
327:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.03.022
138:, which is an area of thickened
109:The Azores domain comprises the
836:Hotspots of the Atlantic Ocean
333:
57:Volcanic hotspot at the Azores
1:
473:Azores Hotspot Deep Signature
278:10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00234-4
175:
512:
386:10.1016/0012-821x(96)00092-1
160:greater than normal and the
7:
155:Hotspot–ridge relationships
10:
862:
809:
786:
718:
690:
662:
629:
596:
548:
520:
841:Geography of the Azores
377:1996E&PSL.142..175B
270:1999E&PSL.173..257C
65:
846:Geology of the Azores
811:Proposed mechanisms:
631:Indo-Australian Plate
63:
788:South American Plate
692:North American Plate
218:10.1029/2003GC000527
116:North American Plate
433:10.1038/nature05105
425:2006Natur.442.1029S
419:(7106): 1029–1032.
319:2006JVGR..156...23S
210:2003GGG.....4.8514G
30: /
130:The Azores Plateau
100:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
66:
823:
822:
91:and ocean island
853:
507:
500:
493:
484:
483:
460:
459:
457:
451:. Archived from
410:
397:
391:
390:
388:
371:(1–2): 175–189.
356:
350:
349:
337:
331:
330:
298:
289:
288:
286:
280:. Archived from
255:
243:
237:
236:
234:
228:. Archived from
195:
186:
79:in the Northern
54:
53:
51:
50:
49:
47:
42:
41:
36:
31:
28:
27:
26:
23:
861:
860:
856:
855:
854:
852:
851:
850:
826:
825:
824:
819:
805:
782:
714:
686:
658:
625:
592:
544:
522:Antarctic Plate
516:
511:
469:
464:
463:
455:
408:
398:
394:
357:
353:
338:
334:
299:
292:
284:
253:
244:
240:
232:
193:
187:
183:
178:
172:
162:spreading ridge
157:
149:triple junction
132:
107:
105:Geological area
89:gravity anomaly
58:
45:
43:
39:
37:
33:
32:
29:
24:
21:
19:
17:
16:
12:
11:
5:
859:
849:
848:
843:
838:
821:
820:
810:
807:
806:
804:
803:
798:
792:
790:
784:
783:
781:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
724:
722:
716:
715:
713:
712:
707:
702:
696:
694:
688:
687:
685:
684:
682:Juan Fernández
679:
674:
668:
666:
660:
659:
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
639:East Australia
635:
633:
627:
626:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
602:
600:
598:Eurasian Plate
594:
593:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
552:
546:
545:
543:
542:
537:
532:
526:
524:
518:
517:
510:
509:
502:
495:
487:
481:
480:
475:
468:
467:External links
465:
462:
461:
458:on 2013-12-20.
392:
351:
332:
313:(1–2): 23–34.
290:
287:on 2013-12-20.
264:(3): 257–269.
238:
235:on 2013-12-20.
180:
179:
177:
174:
167:magma chambers
156:
153:
136:Azores Plateau
131:
128:
120:Eurasian Plate
111:Azores Plateau
106:
103:
81:Atlantic Ocean
70:Azores hotspot
56:
46:Azores hotspot
35:38.5°N 28.75°W
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
858:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
831:
818:
814:
808:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
791:
789:
785:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
723:
721:
720:Pacific Plate
717:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
695:
693:
689:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
667:
665:
661:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
634:
632:
628:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
601:
599:
595:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
553:
551:
550:African Plate
547:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
525:
523:
519:
515:
508:
503:
501:
496:
494:
489:
488:
485:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
407:
403:
396:
387:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
355:
347:
343:
336:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
297:
295:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
252:
248:
242:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
192:
185:
181:
173:
170:
168:
163:
152:
150:
145:
141:
140:oceanic crust
137:
127:
125:
124:African Plate
121:
117:
112:
102:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
62:
55:
52:
817:Plate theory
813:Mantle plume
605:
578:Sierra Leone
453:the original
416:
412:
395:
368:
364:
354:
345:
341:
335:
310:
306:
282:the original
261:
257:
241:
230:the original
204:(10): 1–23.
201:
197:
184:
171:
158:
133:
108:
96:geochemistry
69:
67:
40:38.5; -28.75
15:
710:Yellowstone
664:Nazca Plate
563:New England
38: /
830:Categories
748:Louisville
583:St. Helena
402:Cannat, M.
348:: 471–496.
247:Cannat, M.
176:References
44: (
768:Rarotonga
758:Marquesas
753:Macdonald
677:Galápagos
654:Lord Howe
649:Tasmantid
621:Jan Mayen
540:Kerguelen
801:Trindade
763:Pitcairn
644:Crosgove
514:Hotspots
441:16943836
226:56297775
122:and the
74:volcanic
796:Noronha
778:Society
705:Bermuda
616:Iceland
588:Tristan
568:RĂ©union
530:Balleny
449:4301009
421:Bibcode
373:Bibcode
315:Bibcode
266:Bibcode
206:Bibcode
77:hotspot
25:28°45′W
22:38°30′N
743:Hawaii
700:Anahim
672:Easter
606:Azores
558:Canary
535:Erebus
447:
439:
413:Nature
224:
144:S-wave
118:, the
93:basalt
85:Azores
83:. The
773:Samoa
733:Bowie
728:Arago
611:Eifel
573:Shona
456:(PDF)
445:S2CID
409:(PDF)
285:(PDF)
254:(PDF)
233:(PDF)
222:S2CID
194:(PDF)
72:is a
738:Cobb
437:PMID
68:The
429:doi
417:442
381:doi
369:142
346:430
323:doi
311:156
274:doi
262:173
214:doi
832::
815:·
443:.
435:.
427:.
415:.
411:.
379:.
367:.
363:.
344:.
321:.
309:.
305:.
293:^
272:.
260:.
256:.
220:.
212:.
200:.
196:.
151:.
506:e
499:t
492:v
431::
423::
389:.
383::
375::
329:.
325::
317::
276::
268::
216::
208::
202:4
48:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
