253:, Koman, and Bʼaga/Gumuz: "very few of the more widespread nominal and verbal morphological markers of Nilo-Saharan are attested in the Coman languages plus Gumuz ... Their genetic status remains debatable, mainly due to lack of more extensive data." (2008:843) And later, "In summarizing the current state of knowledge, ... the following language families or phyla can be identified — ... Mande, Songhai, Ubangian, Kadu, and the Coman languages plus Gumuz." (2008:844)
280:
Dimmendaal, Ahland & Jakobi (2019) summarize earlier work that the evidence "suggests that Gumuz and Koman may indeed form two subgroups within a broader 'Komuz' family" and that "there is some evidence that these two language families may indeed be part of a broader Nilo-Saharan phylum, albeit
276:
number system characteristic of the rest of the Nilo-Saharan language families. Ahland (2010, 2012), however, reports that with better attestation, Gumuz does indeed appear to be Nilo-Saharan, and perhaps closest to Koman. It has grammatical forms that resemble what might be expected from an
248:
Dimmendaal (2008) notes that mounting grammatical evidence has made the Nilo-Saharan proposal as a whole more sound since
Greenberg proposed it in 1963, but that such evidence has not been forthcoming for
401:
Ahland, Colleen Anne. 2004. "Linguistic variation within Gumuz: a study of the relationship between historical change and intelligibility." M.A. thesis. University of Texas at
Arlington.
189:
A comparative word list of Daatsʼiin, Northern Gumuz, and
Southern Gumuz is available in Ahland & Kelly (2014). The internal classification appears to be as follows:
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485:
347:
Gerrit
Dimmendaal, Colleen Ahland & Angelika Jakobi (2019) Linguistic features and typologies in languages commonly referred to as 'Nilo-Saharan',
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ancestral proto-Nilo-Saharan language. Gumuz may thus help elucidate the family, which is extremely diverse and has been difficult to substantiate.
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Dimmendaal, Gerrit J., 2000. "Number marking and noun categorization in Nilo- Saharan languages". Anthrolopological
Linguistics 42:214–261.
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264:. However, Bender (2000) separated Gumuz as at least a distinct branch of Nilo-Saharan, and suggested that it might even be a
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Güldemann, Tom (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa". In Güldemann, Tom (ed.).
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335:'Gumuz' is increasingly restricted to the Gumuz languages proper: Northern Gumuz, Yaso Gumuz and Southern Gumuz.
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This "Coman plus Gumuz" is what
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365:. The World of Linguistics series. Vol. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 58–444.
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video of
Colleen Ahland speaking on the classification of Koman and Gumuz
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Ahland, Colleen Anne. "The
Classification of Gumuz and Koman Languages",
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326:, the word for 'people' in the Gumuz languages and Daatsʼiin
182:, discovered in 2013, is closest to Southern Gumuz, while
150:. They have been tentatively classified as closest to the
142:, form a small language family spoken along the border of
186:in Sudan is attested by only two short word lists.
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349:Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics
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410:Ahland, Colleen and Eliza Kelly. 2014.
363:The Languages and Linguistics of Africa
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428:"In defence of Nilo --Saharan Saharan"
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412:Daatsʼíin-Gumuz Comparative Word list
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463:African Languages: An Introduction.
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426:Blench, Roger (January 2023).
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281:outliers in the family".
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57:Linguistic classification
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16:Not to be confused with
322:. The name comes from
839:Languages of Ethiopia
846:Official languages
312:⟨Bʼ⟩
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293:(Wiktionary)
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272:–collective–
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221:North Gumuz
188:
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156:Nilo-Saharan
139:
135:
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84:Subdivisions
73:
62:Nilo-Saharan
48:distribution
1166:Hamer-Banna
310:The letter
270:singulative
154:within the
1400:Categories
443:References
209:Agelo Meti
46:Geographic
1324:Nyangatom
1269:Daatsʼiin
1221:Shekkacho
1018:Daasanach
884:languages
769:Astaboran
702:Moru–Madi
389:133888593
274:plurative
212:Sira Abay
180:Daatsʼiin
162:Languages
120:Glottolog
106:Daatsʼiin
36:Ethnicity
1231:Wolaitta
1111:Bambassi
1083:Xamtanga
1038:Kambaata
970:Cushitic
955:Tigrinya
882:Regional
873:Tigrinya
692:Mangbetu
543:Ethiopia
536:branches
475:2/5:842.
351:, p. 6–7
285:See also
144:Ethiopia
126:gumu1250
1364:English
1191:Koorete
1116:Basketo
1106:Anfillo
1033:Hadiyya
1023:Dirasha
905:Argobba
900:Amharic
858:Amharic
783:Nyimang
750:Nilotic
711: ?
683: ?
670: ?
647:Songhay
640:Saharan
606: ?
598: ?
578: ?
251:Songhay
227:Mandura
224:Metemma
206:Wenbera
184:Kadallu
111:Kadallu
1369:Arabic
1299:Majang
1093:Omotic
1078:Tsamai
1073:Somali
1068:Sidamo
1058:Qimant
1048:Libido
993:Arbore
945:Siltʼe
930:Mesqan
920:Harari
915:Gurage
868:Somali
793:Temein
778:Nubian
757:Surmic
708:Sinyar
617:region
595:Ongota
589:Kunama
584:Kuliak
387:
377:
200:Gumuz
197:Dasʼin
1334:Shabo
1329:Opuuo
1314:Mursi
1309:Murle
1304:Meʼen
1294:Kwegu
1289:Kwama
1274:Gumuz
1264:Berta
1259:Anuak
1236:Yemsa
1226:Sheko
1196:Maale
1161:Gayil
1156:Ganza
1146:Dorze
1131:Chara
1121:Bench
1053:Oromo
1043:Konso
1028:Gedeo
1013:Burji
1008:Bussa
1003:Baiso
998:Awngi
983:Alaba
950:Soddo
935:Muher
910:Geʽez
863:Oromo
687:Lendu
681:Kresh
667:Birri
634:Maban
624:Furan
615:Sahel
603:Shabo
569:Koman
564:Bʼaga
558:Berta
547:Sudan
385:S2CID
320:]
316:[
298:Notes
258:Komuz
148:Sudan
140:Gumuz
74:Bʼaga
68:Komuz
40:Gumuz
31:Gumuz
26:Bʼaga
1344:Uduk
1339:Suri
1319:Nuer
1284:Komo
1216:Seze
1211:Oyda
1206:Nayi
1201:Melo
1186:Karo
1181:Kafa
1171:Hozo
1141:Dizi
1136:Dime
1126:Boro
1101:Aari
1063:Saho
978:Afar
925:Inor
853:Afar
788:Tama
743:Nara
732:Daju
629:Kadu
575:Gule
432:Nisa
375:ISBN
324:ɓaga
218:Yaso
203:Guba
176:Yaso
170:and
146:and
134:The
95:Yaso
988:Ale
960:Zay
367:doi
1402::
430:.
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373:.
340:^
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545:-
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391:.
369::
318:ɓ
97:?
70:?
64:?
20:.
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