920:
required run-time programmatic interpretation. As evidence of its completeness, it was able to support in-line assembler syntax. The compiler was written in BBC BASIC V. The compiler (running under the interpreter in the early development stages) was able to compile itself, and versions that were distributed were self-compiled object code. Many applications initially written to run under the interpreter benefitted from the performance boost that this gave, putting BBC BASIC V on a par with other languages for serious application development.
508:
3835:
621:
1089:(UK). While extremely fast, it did not emulate the 6502 at full speed, so assembly code would run slower than a real BBC while BASIC programs would run much faster. Due to the way the optimised BASIC and the 6502 emulation interacted, almost no commercial games would run but well-behaved code and educational software generally worked. Additionally, it used a slightly less precise
1027:
versions, was released in 2001. This version is still under active development, seeing much industry use currently. Whilst supporting nearly completely the original BBC BASIC specification (BASIC IV), the
Windows version supports much of BASIC V/VI syntax as well as some advanced features of its own.
487:
developed the implementations of BASIC at Acorn. The dialect on the BBC Microcomputer became compatible with
Microsoft BASIC and so was acceptable to the BBC. It already had features from the ALGOL 60 group of computer languages that Wilson added to enable some structured programming methodology to
710:
an enhanced HIBASIC on the 6502 second processor. One may determine if the program is running on the second processor by examining the initial value of PAGE, it will be &800 if using the second processor. To distinguish between BASIC and HIBASIC, one should examine the initial value of HIMEM.
690:
Note that all
Electrons, and later BBC microcomputers, have BASIC2: the earlier BBC microcomputers have BASIC1. If you are not sure which version of BASIC is in your machine, typing REPORT after BASIC has started up (after a BREAK or *BASIC), will print the copyright message. If the date is 1981,
595:
HI-BASIC was available in two versions, the first based on BASIC III, and the second based on BASIC IV. Both were built to run from a higher address (&B800) on the second processor, rather than the usual &8000 address on the BBC B. This allowed more program space to be available on
919:
A compiler for BBC BASIC V was produced by Paul
Fellows, team leader of the Arthur OS development, called the Archimedes BASIC Compiler and published initially by DABS Press. ABC was able to implement almost all of the language, with the obvious exception of the EVAL function, which inevitably
603:
Another version of BBC BASIC, called BAS128, was supplied on tape and disc with the BBC Master and Master
Compact; it loaded into main RAM and used the 64 kB of Sideways RAM for user programs. This provided support for much larger programs at the cost of being a lot slower than the normal
1055:
and a number of mobile devices supporting the SDL library, as well as a version which allows the running of BBC BASIC programs as applets in a web-page via the Web
Assembly framework. The first version was released in February 2019, and remains in active development as of August 2024.
591:
BASIC IV (1986) was a further improvement to BASIC IV, and was included on the Master
Compact machine. The version of BASIC on the Compact included re-coded mathematical routines, said to provide a 30% speed increase over the version included in the rest of the Master series.
434:
usable for demonstrations in their programming that could be purchased by the general public to enable the viewer to themselves experiment. They decided that such a microcomputer needed to be robust, have expansion capabilities and an implementation of BASIC compatible with
718:
where there may be the normal BASIC or BASIC64 (which offers higher precision maths). Normal BASIC identifies itself as "BASIC V" and BASIC64 identifies itself as "BASIC VI", therefore the following (used before any error has occurred) will distinguish one from the other:
1115:
was produced by a small software house Aztec
Software in the early 1980s. Patched versions of Acorn's 6502 based HI-BASIC have also been experimentally run on C64, with an interface to the C64 Kernel, replacing the Acorn MOS calls otherwise made.
889:
keyword from BASIC V onwards is a command that takes fourteen numeric parameters and effectively does nothing— as in older versions, it calls OS_Word 8, but that does nothing on RISC OS. The in-line 6502 assembler was replaced by an
787:
CPU and the removal of the 16 KB limit on the BASIC code size many new features were added. BASIC V version 1.04 was 61 KB long. Current versions of RISC OS still contain a BBC BASIC V interpreter. The source code to the
540:
BASIC III was produced in both a UK version and a United States market version for Acorn's abortive attempt to enter the cross-Atlantic computer market. Apart from a few bug fixes, the only change from BASIC II was that the
681:
As the BBC MOS and RISC OS were usually supplied on ROM, it may be assumed that a specific release of the operating system contained a specific version of BASIC. As such, there is no simple way to determine
607:
The interpreter can deal with both BASIC and 6502 assembly language, which can be included between the characters. This contributed to the system's popularity with industrial and research engineers.
419:
During the 1970s, the BBC Continuing
Education Department was considering how advancements in computer related technology would impact British society. Their Microelectronics Report in 1979 to the
163:
constructs. Particularly on the later
Archimedes computers as the memory constraints reduced, BBC BASIC incorporated a more complete set of structured programming constructs commonly found in the
691:
BASIC1 is fitted; if it is 1982, you have BASIC2. American machines, or those with a second processor, may have US BASIC or HIBASIC: the ROM routines will not be in the same place for these ROMS.
769:. In almost all cases you shouldn't need to be testing for what BASIC or platform your program is running on, just make the call and read whatever returned data are returned and deal with it.
174:
versions of the language. Development and support has continued after the demise of Acorn Computers Ltd for newer ARM based computers. BBC BASIC is now available on other platforms either for
473:
In order to produce a computer to satisfy the BBC specification, the Proton became the BBC Microcomputer, usable as a stand alone computer. By retaining the capability to be connected to a
356:
two mathematics professors wanted all students to be able to program on their new College computer. The existing high-level languages were used by professionals. In 1964 they created
1574:
Backus, J. W.; Bauer, F. L.; Green, J.; Katz, C.; McCarthy, J.; Perlis, A. J.; Rutishauser, H.; Samelson, K.; Vauquois, B.; Wegstein, J. H.; Van Wijngaarden, A.; Woodger, M. (1963).
2639:
2288:
423:
describes formally their concerns about increasing polarisation and alienation in the workplace that 43 years earlier Charles Chaplin had shown to comic effect in
894:
assembler. BASIC V was said, by Acorn, to be "certainly the fastest interpreted BASIC in the world" and "probably the most powerful BASIC found on any computer".
442:
Jointly the government and the BBC established a public awareness and education campaign. This Computer Literacy Project (1980-1989) used the BBC's choice of the
3462:
2082:
564:
machines, was changed to use the new instructions available in the 65SC12 processor, reducing the size of the code and therefore allowing the inclusion of
1971:
4152:
3187:
4147:
3455:
4112:
2725:
307:
Many more computer languages were developed during the 1960-1980 period. Few are now in regular use. Those more generally known were
1028:
Features unique to BBC BASIC for Windows include interpreter support for record/structure types, and the ability to call Windows
1508:
3448:
1048:
248:
3967:
3074:
2108:
274:
2210:
686:
version of BASIC is actually running other than by enquiring the operating system identity and thus making an assumption.
4117:
300:
4132:
244:
2007:
3815:
3766:
1742:
1717:
1666:
711:
This will be &8000 for BASIC running on the second processor, and &B800 for HIBASIC on the second processor.
668:
2364:
650:
1850:
4020:
3671:
3569:
2937:
2400:
207:
3291:
3286:
3069:
646:
3142:
3052:
2685:
316:
3761:
4142:
3982:
3709:
3526:
2837:
1143:
557:. The main place that BASIC III can be found is as the HI-BASIC version for the external second processor.
420:
303:(ACM). The initial ALGOL 58 was followed by the publication of the Revised Report in 1960 (hence ALGOL 60).
4122:
4072:
3952:
3637:
2997:
2812:
2605:
2599:
346:
2341:
466:
microprocessor computers that were sold to kit-build customers. With the development of the Proton as a
4052:
3664:
2942:
2847:
1683:
1552:
642:
278:
3839:
3334:
2947:
2817:
2378:
4127:
2610:
2040:
1068:
1037:
1012:
631:
3584:
1086:
1079:
635:
324:
137:
2352:
4137:
3519:
3512:
3384:
3168:
2787:
2414:
2289:"Olimex Forks Bernardo Kastrup's Agon Light, Offers a Tweaked Z80 Single-Board Computer Design"
160:
596:
either the external or internal 6502 second processors. A version was introduced to support a
3931:
3808:
3271:
3114:
3081:
2644:
2448:
1139:
1803:
901:
8-byte format real numbers, as opposed to the standard 5-byte format introduced in BASIC I.
4047:
3782:
3339:
3203:
3155:
3094:
3008:
2912:
2799:
2512:
2507:
2502:
1636:
1033:
882:
862:
114:
98:
8:
3745:
3419:
3309:
3183:
2522:
2455:
2393:
2145:
2120:
1041:
1016:
1005:, which concentrated on the BASIC language, with its own enhancements based on BASIC II.
971:
467:
447:
424:
312:
170:
Alongside Acorn's version of BBC BASIC on the Archimedes, third party companies produced
129:
106:
4057:
3642:
3599:
3594:
2595:
1020:
55:
27:
1920:
1530:
1119:
There have also been efforts to make 6502 based version of BBC BASIC available on the
4062:
3853:
3735:
3715:
3296:
3132:
2932:
2768:
2478:
2465:
2369:
2346:
2015:
1738:
1713:
1662:
1101:
1009:
990:
507:
443:
353:
141:
125:
1945:
700:
3957:
3874:
3801:
3720:
3495:
3124:
2758:
2563:
2530:
2112:
1875:
1781:
1759:
1587:
1575:
913:
905:
891:
784:
133:
69:
1093:
numeric format. For a while it was bundled with a special academic package of the
986:
was released in January 2002, with many improvements made in subsequent releases.
935:
version of BBC BASIC was supplied with the Acorn 32016 coprocessor and Acorn ABC.
210:
were developed to allow programs to be more easily transferred between computers:
140:
processor, further versions of BBC BASIC were produced. Acorn included a built in
4037:
3740:
3699:
3329:
3319:
3261:
3119:
3063:
2742:
2494:
2438:
1972:"BBC BASIC remains a remarkable learning tool, and now it's available everywhere"
1036:. Recent versions have included advanced features comparable with languages like
766:
477:
computer, Acorn was able to comply with the requirement of a computer supporting
408:
357:
152:
3440:
942:'s Zilog Z80 second processor, a Z80-based version of BBC BASIC also exists for
3678:
3579:
3424:
3404:
3276:
3021:
2877:
2763:
2654:
2591:
2386:
2358:
2206:
2181:
2116:
1090:
526:
1097:, in the hope that schools would replace their ageing BBC Bs with Amiga 500s.
4106:
3972:
3609:
3429:
3314:
3217:
2842:
2558:
2545:
2535:
2444:
2331:
2124:
2019:
1995:
1830:"Fifty years of BASIC, the programming language that made computers personal"
959:
955:
951:
484:
431:
200:
1124:
4042:
3910:
3858:
3574:
3539:
3344:
3256:
3146:
2857:
2773:
2625:
2578:
1612:
1108:
793:
792:
5 version of BBC BASIC V has been released under the Apache 2.0 license by
196:
2232:
1591:
3725:
3604:
3589:
3324:
3266:
3163:
3104:
3031:
2897:
2887:
2832:
2690:
2675:
2649:
2484:
2274:
1131:
983:
396:
226:
1681:
946:-based systems. A Zilog Z80 version of BBC BASIC was also used on the
380:
ode) to be a computer language anyone could use. Having a formula based
4067:
3559:
3533:
3490:
3414:
3409:
3394:
3041:
2957:
2892:
2867:
2827:
2807:
2730:
2710:
2670:
2634:
2615:
2553:
2373:
2321:
967:
963:
804:
561:
529:
and BBC Micros shipped after 1982, including the Model B. It added the
459:
392:
388:
179:
156:
1897:
1486:
4003:
3884:
3632:
3564:
3485:
3471:
3379:
3359:
3349:
3281:
3232:
3221:
3109:
2922:
2902:
2882:
2872:
2705:
2430:
2408:
2253:
1466:
1094:
979:
939:
597:
588:
statements and faster floating point. Bug fixes were again included.
519:
502:
381:
175:
1100:
A version of BBC BASIC V (Z80) has also been made for the TI-83/84+
620:
549:: regardless of which was input, the UK version always listed it as
3987:
3977:
3926:
3730:
3369:
3364:
3354:
3173:
3057:
2952:
2927:
2852:
2680:
2586:
2473:
2014:. No. 52. Orbis Publishing Limited. 1984. pp. 1037–1039.
1120:
947:
898:
330:
288:
282:
171:
164:
2169:
1732:
3936:
3905:
3824:
3399:
3026:
2982:
2967:
2862:
2750:
2568:
1130:
BBC BASIC is the programming language used in the Agon Light, an
932:
789:
778:
715:
706:
On the BBC family, it is possible to run both the standard BASIC
436:
404:
308:
214:
1829:
1001:, which aimed for maximum compatibility with the BBC Micro, and
3889:
3879:
3543:
3389:
3374:
3227:
3178:
3036:
3016:
2977:
2972:
2822:
2720:
2715:
2700:
2695:
975:
974:. Due to efforts of J. G. Harston (also responsible for a
909:
338:
1051:
was also developed by Richard T. Russell, supporting Windows,
2410:
1082:
1052:
962:
Notebook computers. This version has been implemented on the
342:
320:
254:
102:
2326:
2158:
2000:
912:. A version of BBC BASIC V was also available to run on the
610:
450:. BBC BASIC was central to the user programming experience.
4077:
3193:
2962:
943:
511:
BASIC prompt on the BBC Micro after switch-on or hard reset
478:
463:
334:
232:
145:
3793:
2316:
938:
In addition to the version of BBC BASIC supplied with the
3704:
3213:
2336:
1890:
1135:
1060:
1029:
1024:
994:
474:
400:
121:
110:
928:
BBC BASIC has also been ported to many other platforms.
2109:"BASIC V 1.02 versus 1.04 changes (for Richard LLoyd!)"
1843:
299:
anguage) designed by an international committee of the
203:. These were specific to a processor and not portable.
2275:"Commodore 64 BBC BASIC - MDFS::Software.BBCBasic.C64"
1868:
799:
Amongst the new commands and features supported were:
1712:(1st ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
1576:"Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60"
904:
BBC BASIC V and VI were delivered as standard on the
560:
BASIC IV, also known as CMOS BASIC, available on the
1573:
537:
keywords, along with offset assembly and bug fixes.
518:
BASIC I, the original version, was shipped on early
470:, Acorn were designing for more powerful computing.
2070:. London: Argus specialist Publications. p. 6.
1586:. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM): 1–17.
1146:designed by Bernardo Kastrup and released in 2022.
993:-based systems, BBC BASIC was also implemented for
877:
Commands for the new sound system, mouse, graphics.
1682:R. M. Burstall; J. S. Collins; R. J. Popplestone.
3470:
2083:"ARM targets automotive and industrial dominance"
4104:
2342:Ebook programming guide with interfacing methods
2033:
1708:Kernighan, Brian W.; Ritchie, Dennis M. (1978).
1707:
2370:R.T. Russell's Z80 BBC Basic is now open source
897:BASIC VI is a version of BASIC V that supports
151:Initially the BBC specified compatibility with
2074:
3809:
3456:
2394:
2332:TI-83+ and TI-84+ implementation of BBC BASIC
1733:Brian W. Kernighan; Dennis M.Ritchie (1988).
1656:
772:
765:There are better ways of doing this. See the
155:. Acorn were already extending their earlier
2106:
2080:
1918:
1804:"Dartmouth College BASIC Instruction Manual"
1008:A version of BBC BASIC integrated with the
649:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
120:It was originally supplied on an installed
3816:
3802:
3463:
3449:
2401:
2387:
1946:"BBC Micro ignites memories of revolution"
1762:. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc
333:was designed as the language to write the
105:programming language. It was developed by
1827:
669:Learn how and when to remove this message
611:Further details/determining BASIC version
515:The full version list is available here:
491:
337:operating system. This was formalised as
229:at IBM was commercially released in 1957.
195:Prior to 1957 programming was done using
16:Version of the BASIC programming language
1044:has recently added support for objects.
506:
2041:"Taking the lid off the Master Compact"
1104:calculator families by Benjamin Ryves.
458:Acorn first developed System BASIC and
144:, first for the 6502 and later for the
4153:Programming languages created by women
4105:
2159:BBC BASIC - MDFS::Software.$ .BBCBasic
2146:"Subject: Envelope command in Basic V"
1071:, is also available. A fork of this,
885:, the sound less so; for example, the
453:
384:structure it is a simplified FORTRAN.
190:
4148:Programming languages created in 1981
3797:
3762:Adapters (IEEE488, Prestel, Teletext)
3444:
2382:
2065:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1856:. BBC Continuing Education Department
1085:was produced by Ariadne Software for
1078:An emulator of the BBC Micro for the
249:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
225:slation), developed by a team led by
88:Continuing ARM support by 3rd Parties
2365:Python code vs BBC Basic for Windows
2322:http://www.rtrussell.co.uk/products/
1075:, remains under active development.
881:The graphics commands were entirely
647:adding citations to reliable sources
614:
414:
275:Conference on Data Systems Languages
1760:"The Development of the C Language"
1757:
301:Association for Computing Machinery
13:
2047:. October 1986. pp. 15, 17–18
1960:
1828:McCracken, Harry (29 April 2014).
923:
399:. Development continued to become
14:
4164:
4113:BASIC programming language family
2310:
2213:from the original on 17 July 2011
2012:The Home Computer Advanced Course
1970:Purdy, Kevin (29 November 2023).
1926:. Computing Today. pp. 21–24
1876:"BBC Microcomputer Specification"
1661:. McGraw-Hill. pp. 132–136.
1533:. GeeksforGeeks. 23 November 2021
1032:routines or those in an external
113:to supply the computer for their
3834:
3833:
2081:Marsh, David (5 December 2005).
619:
208:high-level programming languages
4093:Addition of major functionality
4021:ARM system-on-chip architecture
3672:Doctor Who: The First Adventure
2281:
2267:
2246:
2225:
2199:
2174:
2163:
2152:
2138:
2100:
2059:
1989:
1938:
1912:
1821:
1796:
1774:
1751:
1737:(2nd ed.). Prentice Hall.
1726:
1701:
1637:"Pascal (programming language)"
109:when they were selected by the
64:Acorn RISC PC (ARM / StrongARM)
2066:Smith, Bruce (November 1984).
1675:
1650:
1629:
1613:"Algol W Language Description"
1605:
1567:
1545:
1523:
1501:
1479:
1149:
816:CASE-OF-WHEN-OTHERWISE-ENDCASE
714:A similar situation exists on
545:command could also be spelled
1:
3767:Second processors (6502, Z80)
3472:BBC Computer Literacy Project
1472:
167:group of computer languages.
86:3rd Party ports to MS Windows
3710:Cambridge Systems Technology
3527:Making the Most of the Micro
2359:BBC microcomputer User Guide
2353:BBC microcomputer User Guide
2233:"Brandy Basic V Interpreter"
2107:Roger Wilson (3 July 1989).
1555:. University of Pennsylvania
783:With the move to the 32-bit
694:— BASIC ROM USER GUIDE
496:
421:Manpower Services Commission
273:anguage) came from the 1959
7:
4073:The Electronic Font Foundry
3823:
3638:Advanced Disc Filing System
2640:Extra! Basic Macro Language
2606:Data General Extended BASIC
1919:Ian Sinclair (April 1981).
1898:"Computer Literacy Project"
1460:
1023:, developer of the Z80 and
42:; 43 years ago
10:
4169:
4118:BASIC programming language
3840:Category: RISC OS software
3665:Doctor Who and the Warlord
2347:BBC BASIC Reference Manual
2337:The Amstrad NC Users' Site
1735:The C Programming Language
1710:The C programming language
776:
773:Acorn Archimedes (RISC OS)
500:
279:University of Pennsylvania
185:
136:computer which used their
132:. When Acorn produced the
4133:RISC OS programming tools
4086:
4030:
4012:
3996:
3945:
3919:
3898:
3867:
3846:
3831:
3775:
3754:
3692:
3656:
3625:
3618:
3552:
3504:
3478:
3335:Disk Extended Color BASIC
3249:
3202:
3154:
3141:
3093:
3007:
2995:
2948:Open Programming Language
2911:
2798:
2786:
2741:
2663:
2624:
2577:
2544:
2521:
2493:
2464:
2429:
2422:
2327:http://mdfs.net/bbcbasic/
1948:. BBC News. 21 March 2008
1851:"Microelectronics Report"
1580:Communications of the ACM
1063:clone of BBC BASIC named
824:parameters in procedures,
525:BASIC II was used on the
85:
80:
68:
54:
36:
26:
3233:WinFBE, Visual FB Editor
2611:Southampton BASIC System
2254:"Matrix Brandy BASIC VI"
1455:
1393:triangle_fill_plot_code%
1342:triangle_fill_plot_code%
1339:triangle_fill_plot_code%
1159:Acorn Archimedes version
1153:
1013:graphical user interface
721:
395:developed BASIC for the
60:BBC Microcomputer (6502)
3755:BBC-branded peripherals
3505:TV programmes, services
3496:Archimedes range, A3000
2317:http://www.bbcbasic.org
2182:"BBC BASIC for SDL 2.0"
1689:. Oliver & Boyd Ltd
1127:being one such effort.
325:University of Edinburgh
243:rocessing) invented by
4090:Current companies only
4031:Related and historical
3520:The Computer Programme
3513:Now the Chips Are Down
3385:MS BASIC for Macintosh
3169:Visual Basic (classic)
2474:TI-BASIC (calculators)
2413:programming language (
1996:BBC BASIC version list
1657:Michael Shave (1975).
1531:"Introduction to LISP"
1067:, written in portable
978:version) a version of
697:
512:
492:Platforms and versions
161:structured programming
62:Acorn Archimedes (ARM)
3731:Pace Micro Technology
3272:Atari Microsoft BASIC
3115:Microsoft Small Basic
3082:Embedded Visual Basic
2645:VSI BASIC for OpenVMS
2008:"The Old and the New"
1592:10.1145/366193.366201
1487:"Fortran (a history)"
1198:" at line "
1140:single board computer
1017:BBC BASIC for Windows
830:procedure libraries (
688:
510:
3968:Bundled applications
3783:BBC Domesday Project
3340:Extended Color BASIC
2508:Rocky Mountain BASIC
2503:HP Time-Shared BASIC
2170:BBC BASIC for PDP-11
972:graphing calculators
914:ARM second processor
883:backwards compatible
643:improve this section
553:, the US version as
349:were later derived.
115:BBC Literacy Project
4143:Discontinued BASICs
3746:Watford Electronics
3420:TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)
3310:Benton Harbor BASIC
2523:Locomotive Software
2068:A & B Computing
1809:. Dartmouth College
1784:. Dartmouth College
1758:Ritchie, Dennis M.
916:for the BBC Micro.
751:"BASIC64"
604:ROM-based version.
468:Front-end processor
454:Acorn's involvement
448:Acorn Computers Ltd
437:Microsoft BASIC VN5
430:The BBC required a
313:Stanford University
191:Precursor languages
130:6502 microprocessor
107:Acorn Computers Ltd
37:First appeared
32:Acorn Computers Ltd
23:
4123:BASIC interpreters
4058:History of RISC OS
3643:Disc Filing System
3595:Ian McNaught-Davis
3479:BBC microcomputers
1684:"The POP-2 Papers"
1450:of PROC_triangle()
1040:, and an external
950:desktop computer,
811:IF-THEN-ELSE-ENDIF
600:second processor.
513:
285:available in 1962.
21:
4100:
4099:
3875:Archimedes series
3854:Castle Technology
3791:
3790:
3736:Superior Software
3716:Castle Technology
3688:
3687:
3570:Christopher Curry
3438:
3437:
3298:BASIC Programming
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3184:Visual Basic .NET
2991:
2990:
2782:
2781:
2769:Super Expander 64
2479:TI Extended BASIC
2466:Texas Instruments
2117:eunet.micro.acorn
1921:"Atomic Research"
1225:clears the screen
1102:Texas Instruments
1010:Microsoft Windows
954:portable and the
760:"BASIC"
703:entry for INKEY.
679:
678:
671:
444:BBC Microcomputer
415:BBC's involvement
354:Dartmouth College
126:BBC Microcomputer
92:
91:
4160:
3837:
3836:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3795:
3794:
3623:
3622:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3152:
3151:
3125:OpenOffice Basic
3005:
3004:
2796:
2795:
2734:
2564:North Star BASIC
2531:Locomotive BASIC
2427:
2426:
2409:Dialects of the
2403:
2396:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2178:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2136:
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2131:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2004:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1872:
1866:
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1861:
1855:
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1825:
1819:
1818:
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1814:
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1800:
1794:
1793:
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1778:
1772:
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1755:
1749:
1748:
1730:
1724:
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1705:
1699:
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1696:
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1688:
1679:
1673:
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1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1553:"Birth of COBOL"
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1505:
1499:
1498:
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1451:
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1445:
1442:
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1436:
1433:
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1427:
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1400:
1397:
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1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
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1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
906:Acorn Archimedes
888:
873:
858:
851:
847:
841:
837:
833:
823:
817:
812:
807:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
695:
674:
667:
663:
660:
654:
623:
615:
587:
583:
579:
575:
572:as a statement,
571:
567:
556:
552:
548:
544:
536:
532:
462:for their early
50:
48:
43:
24:
20:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4128:Acorn Computers
4103:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4082:
4038:Acorn Computers
4026:
4008:
3992:
3941:
3915:
3894:
3863:
3842:
3827:
3822:
3792:
3787:
3771:
3750:
3741:Torch Computers
3700:Acorn Computers
3684:
3652:
3614:
3600:Richard Russell
3548:
3500:
3486:Models A, B, B+
3474:
3469:
3439:
3434:
3330:Dartmouth BASIC
3320:Commodore BASIC
3262:Applesoft BASIC
3237:
3205:
3198:
3145:
3137:
3096:
3089:
3064:Microsoft Excel
3000:
2987:
2914:
2907:
2791:
2778:
2737:
2728:
2659:
2620:
2573:
2540:
2517:
2495:Hewlett-Packard
2489:
2460:
2443:TRS-80 BASICs (
2439:Microsoft BASIC
2418:
2407:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2125:807@acorn.co.uk
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2079:
2075:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1968:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1782:"Event History"
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1659:Data Structures
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1509:"John McCarthy"
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1452:
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1380:
1377:
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1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
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1314:
1311:
1308:
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1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1144:microcontroller
1021:Richard Russell
926:
924:Other platforms
886:
871:
856:
849:
845:
839:
835:
831:
821:
815:
810:
803:
781:
775:
763:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
696:
693:
692:
675:
664:
658:
655:
640:
624:
613:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
554:
550:
546:
542:
534:
530:
505:
499:
494:
456:
417:
409:Microsoft BASIC
358:Dartmouth BASIC
281:resulting in a
193:
188:
153:Microsoft BASIC
101:version of the
87:
75:
63:
61:
46:
44:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4166:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3847:Main companies
3844:
3843:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3798:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3776:Other projects
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3580:Hermann Hauser
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3425:Turbo-BASIC XL
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3405:Sinclair BASIC
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3277:Atari ST BASIC
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3210:
3208:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3149:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3022:Chipmunk Basic
3019:
3013:
3011:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2909:
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2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2764:Super Expander
2761:
2756:
2755:Graphics BASIC
2753:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2655:CALL/360:BASIC
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2592:Business Basic
2589:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2546:Microcomputers
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2312:
2311:External links
2309:
2306:
2305:
2280:
2266:
2245:
2224:
2198:
2186:bbcbasic.co.uk
2173:
2162:
2151:
2137:
2099:
2073:
2058:
2032:
1999:
1988:
1959:
1937:
1911:
1889:
1867:
1842:
1820:
1795:
1773:
1750:
1743:
1725:
1718:
1700:
1674:
1667:
1649:
1628:
1604:
1566:
1544:
1522:
1500:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1091:floating-point
1047:BBC BASIC for
925:
922:
879:
878:
875:
869:
868:new operators,
866:
860:
853:
843:
828:
825:
819:
813:
808:
805:WHILE-ENDWHILE
777:Main article:
774:
771:
739:"VI"
722:
689:
677:
676:
627:
625:
618:
612:
609:
527:Acorn Electron
501:Main article:
498:
495:
493:
490:
455:
452:
416:
413:
305:
304:
286:
252:
230:
192:
189:
187:
184:
90:
89:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:Acorn 6502 MOS
72:
66:
65:
58:
52:
51:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4165:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:CP/M software
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
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4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3973:Drag and drop
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:OS components
3944:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:RiscPC series
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3807:
3805:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3646:
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3641:
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3610:Sophie Wilson
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3430:Vilnius BASIC
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3315:Chinese BASIC
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3218:Basic4android
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3092:
3086:WinWrap Basic
3085:
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2844:
2843:Liberty BASIC
2841:
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2759:Simons' BASIC
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2579:Minicomputers
2576:
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2560:
2559:Integer BASIC
2557:
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2536:Mallard BASIC
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2349:(for RISC OS)
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2110:
2103:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2069:
2062:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1992:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1947:
1941:
1922:
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1744:0-13-110362-8
1740:
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1719:0-13-110163-3
1715:
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1668:0-07-084059-8
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1465:
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1384:"F"
1273:"F"
1147:
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1110:
1105:
1103:
1098:
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1084:
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1076:
1074:
1073:Matrix Brandy
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
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1045:
1043:
1039:
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1026:
1022:
1018:
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1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:BBCBASIC (86)
996:
992:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
960:Amstrad NC200
957:
956:Amstrad NC100
953:
952:Cambridge Z88
949:
945:
941:
936:
934:
929:
921:
917:
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911:
907:
902:
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844:
829:
827:local arrays,
826:
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802:
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702:
687:
685:
673:
670:
662:
659:November 2023
652:
648:
644:
638:
637:
633:
628:This section
626:
622:
617:
616:
608:
605:
601:
599:
593:
589:
563:
558:
538:
528:
523:
521:
516:
509:
504:
489:
486:
485:Sophie Wilson
482:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
451:
449:
445:
440:
438:
433:
432:microcomputer
428:
426:
422:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
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298:
294:
290:
287:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:
250:
246:
245:John McCarthy
242:
238:
234:
231:
228:
224:
220:
216:
213:
212:
211:
209:
204:
202:
201:Assembly code
198:
183:
182:or natively.
181:
177:
173:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:which used a
127:
123:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
84:
79:
76:Acorn RISC OS
73:
71:
67:
59:
57:
53:
39:
35:
31:
29:
25:
19:
4043:ARM Holdings
4019:
3997:OS utilities
3962:
3920:Key software
3911:VirtualAcorn
3859:RISC OS Open
3679:White Knight
3677:
3670:
3663:
3647:
3575:Steve Furber
3540:Telesoftware
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3491:Master range
3345:Family BASIC
3304:
3300:(Atari 2600)
3297:
3257:Altair BASIC
2858:Mobile BASIC
2774:YS MegaBasic
2626:Time-sharing
2600:Data General
2481:(aka XBasic)
2449:Level II/III
2296:. Retrieved
2292:
2283:
2269:
2257:. Retrieved
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2201:
2189:. Retrieved
2185:
2176:
2165:
2154:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2102:
2090:. Retrieved
2086:
2076:
2067:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2044:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2011:
2002:
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1976:Ars Technica
1975:
1950:. Retrieved
1940:
1928:. Retrieved
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1753:
1734:
1728:
1709:
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1677:
1658:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1583:
1579:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1511:. MIT Museum
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1481:
1132:open-sourced
1129:
1118:
1112:
1109:Commodore 64
1106:
1099:
1077:
1072:
1064:
1058:
1046:
1007:
1002:
998:
988:
958:Notepad and
937:
930:
927:
918:
903:
896:
880:
798:
794:RISC OS Open
782:
764:
713:
707:
705:
698:
683:
680:
665:
656:
641:Please help
629:
606:
602:
594:
590:
559:
539:
524:
517:
514:
483:
472:
457:
446:produced by
441:
429:
425:Modern Times
418:
386:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
351:
329:
306:
296:
292:
270:
266:
262:
258:
240:
236:
222:
218:
205:
197:Machine code
194:
169:
150:
119:
94:
93:
18:
3726:Micro Power
3605:Chris Serle
3590:Lesley Judd
3585:Fred Harris
3560:David Allen
3325:Color BASIC
3267:Atari BASIC
3206:open source
3164:CA-Realizer
3156:Proprietary
3129:ScriptBasic
3097:open source
3032:LotusScript
3009:Proprietary
2943:Indic BASIC
2915:open source
2898:Turbo Basic
2888:Tiger-BASIC
2833:FutureBASIC
2800:Proprietary
2729: [
2691:Casio BASIC
2676:Astro BASIC
2650:SUPER BASIC
2485:TI-BASIC 83
2298:24 December
2293:Hackster.io
2051:5 September
1150:Sample code
1019:created by
984:ZX Spectrum
865:operations,
855:a relative
850:LOCAL ERROR
397:Altair 8800
376:nstruction
368:ll-Purpose
360:(short for
341:from which
291:(short for
257:(short for
235:(short for
227:John Backus
217:(short for
178:such as on
159:to include
148:processor.
99:interpreted
4107:Categories
4068:RISCOS Ltd
4048:Element 14
3932:Impression
3534:Micro Live
3415:SuperBASIC
3410:STOS BASIC
3395:QuickBASIC
3120:Mono-Basic
3042:PowerBASIC
3001:extensions
2958:SmallBASIC
2893:True BASIC
2878:SmileBASIC
2868:PowerBASIC
2828:Beta BASIC
2813:AMOS BASIC
2808:AmigaBASIC
2711:Tiny BASIC
2671:AlphaBasic
2635:BASIC-PLUS
2616:Wang BASIC
2554:Atom BASIC
2087:EDN Europe
2045:Acorn User
1952:21 January
1930:21 January
1904:14 January
1882:14 January
1860:14 January
1473:References
968:TI-84 Plus
964:TI-83 Plus
872:STEP TRACE
846:LOCAL DATA
562:BBC Master
520:BBC Micros
460:Atom BASIC
393:Bill Gates
389:Paul Allen
387:Together,
364:eginner’s
180:MS Windows
157:Atom BASIC
134:Archimedes
81:Influenced
4004:MakeModes
3963:BBC BASIC
3899:Emulation
3693:Companies
3648:BBC BASIC
3633:Acorn MOS
3565:John Coll
3380:MSX BASIC
3360:IBM BASIC
3350:GFA BASIC
3305:BBC BASIC
3222:Basic4ppc
3147:designers
3110:FreeBASIC
3062:VB 5 for
3049:Run BASIC
2933:DarkBASIC
2923:Basic-256
2903:WordBASIC
2883:ThinBasic
2873:PureBasic
2788:Procedure
2743:Extenders
2706:SDS BASIC
2628:computers
2456:BASIC 1.0
2431:Microsoft
2259:21 August
2113:Newsgroup
2020:0265-2919
1835:7 January
1813:7 January
1788:7 January
1766:7 January
1693:7 January
1642:7 January
1621:7 January
1597:7 January
1559:7 January
1537:7 January
1515:7 January
1493:7 January
1467:Dot space
1288:_triangle
1231:_triangle
1125:Applecorn
1095:Amiga 500
1080:Commodore
980:BBC BASIC
940:BBC Micro
852:handlers,
699:See also
630:does not
598:Zilog Z80
503:BBC Micro
497:BBC Micro
488:be used.
382:syntactic
331:K&R C
176:emulators
142:assembler
117:in 1981.
95:BBC BASIC
28:Developer
22:BBC BASIC
3988:Ram disk
3978:Icon bar
3958:AIF file
3927:ArtWorks
3868:Hardware
3619:Software
3370:MacBASIC
3365:JR-BASIC
3355:GW-BASIC
3292:BASIC XL
3287:BASIC XE
3282:BASIC A+
3204:Free and
3174:NS Basic
3105:BlitzMax
3095:Free and
3058:VBScript
3046:ProvideX
2953:SdlBasic
2938:Euphoria
2928:Basic4GL
2913:Free and
2853:MapBasic
2792:oriented
2681:BASICODE
2587:BASIC-11
2513:HP Basic
2454:Thomson
2211:Archived
2207:"Brandy"
2191:5 August
2092:1 August
1981:5 August
1461:See also
1192:REPORT$
1121:Apple II
1111:version
982:for the
948:Tiki 100
908:and the
899:IEEE 754
887:ENVELOPE
767:BeebWiki
733:REPORT$
701:BeebWiki
372:ymbolic
295:rithmic
289:ALGOL 60
283:compiler
269:riented
265:usiness-
251:in 1958.
172:compiled
165:ALGOL 60
124:for the
56:Platform
4053:Galileo
3937:NetSurf
3906:Aemulor
3825:RISC OS
3657:BBCSoft
3400:S-BASIC
3250:Defunct
3188:Mercury
3027:GLBasic
2983:Yabasic
2968:wxBasic
2863:OWBasic
2751:BASIC 8
2726:ETBASIC
2569:SCELBAL
2445:Level I
2423:Classic
2130:14 June
2121:Usenet:
2115::
1441:ENDPROC
1348:&55
1138:-based
1042:library
970:series
933:NS32016
857:RESTORE
840:OVERLAY
836:INSTALL
832:LIBRARY
790:RISC OS
779:RISC OS
716:RISC OS
651:removed
636:sources
584:, | in
582:ON PROC
566:LIST IF
405:BASIC A
323:at the
309:ALGOL W
277:at the
215:FORTRAN
186:History
45: (
4063:Phoebe
3890:A9home
3885:Iyonix
3838:
3721:Cumana
3553:People
3544:Ceefax
3390:QBasic
3375:MBASIC
3228:Gambas
3179:RapidQ
3133:Roslyn
3037:Morfik
3017:AutoIt
2998:object
2978:Xblite
2973:XBasic
2823:BasicX
2721:ZBasic
2716:UBASIC
2701:PBASIC
2696:CBASIC
2374:GitHub
2355:(HTML)
2238:6 July
2217:6 July
2123:
2025:11 May
2018:
1741:
1716:
1665:
1378:fill$
1330:fill$
1134:8-bit
1065:Brandy
1003:BBasic
976:PDP-11
910:RiscPC
822:RETURN
578:TIME$
551:COLOUR
543:COLOUR
531:OPENUP
339:ANSI C
317:Pascal
97:is an
4013:Books
3712:(CST)
3626:Acorn
2996:With
2838:GRASS
2733:]
2664:Other
2411:BASIC
2361:(PDF)
1924:(PDF)
1900:. BBC
1878:. BBC
1854:(PDF)
1807:(PDF)
1687:(PDF)
1616:(PDF)
1489:. IBM
1456:Notes
1438:ENDIF
1336:LOCAL
1189:PRINT
1113:Shado
1083:Amiga
1053:Linux
863:array
757:PRINT
748:PRINT
727:INSTR
684:which
555:COLOR
547:COLOR
535:OSCLI
321:POP-2
319:plus
261:mmon-
255:COBOL
221:mula
206:Then
103:BASIC
4078:NCOS
3953:ADFS
3542:via
3194:Xojo
3075:VSTA
3070:VSTO
3066:5.0
2963:QB64
2818:ASIC
2415:list
2300:2022
2261:2023
2240:2011
2219:2011
2193:2024
2132:2011
2094:2012
2053:2020
2027:2024
2016:ISSN
1983:2024
1954:2024
1932:2024
1906:2024
1884:2024
1862:2024
1837:2024
1815:2024
1790:2024
1768:2024
1739:ISBN
1714:ISBN
1695:2024
1663:ISBN
1644:2024
1623:2024
1599:2024
1561:2024
1539:2024
1517:2024
1495:2024
1426:DRAW
1411:DRAW
1408:ELSE
1390:PLOT
1387:THEN
1363:DRAW
1351:MOVE
1285:PROC
1228:PROC
1216:MODE
1213:MODE
1142:and
989:For
966:and
944:CP/M
848:and
838:and
754:ELSE
745:THEN
634:any
632:cite
574:EDIT
570:EXT#
533:and
479:CP/M
464:6502
407:and
391:and
347:JAVA
345:and
335:UNIX
293:ALGO
233:LISP
223:TRAN
146:ARM2
47:1981
40:1981
3983:OLE
3705:BBC
3214:B4X
3143:RAD
3053:VBA
2848:LSE
2686:BAL
2596:B32
2372:at
1588:doi
1447:REM
1435:y1%
1429:x1%
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