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A.V Zrodnikov, V.Y Poupko, G.M. Gryaznov, "Experimental detection of neutron gas pressure on the control rods of a nuclear reactor under microgravity conditions", Proceedings of 11 th symposium on space nuclear power and propulsion, January 9–13, 1994, Albuquerque, American
Institute of Physics, new
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are typically fast reactors for the following reasons. First, normal moderator materials (carbon, water) add bulk and mass which is not desirable in a spacecraft. Second, for reasons of nucleonics the fuel must be highly enriched to have a lightweight critical mass (similar to small reactor designs
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The BES-5 reactor was used in more than 31 satellite missions to power the radar units of the US-A surveillance satellites. The reactor was designed to be boosted to a high orbit at the end of its operational life, to prevent the radioactive fuel from re-entering Earth's atmosphere.
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G.M. Gryaznov, V.S. Nikolayev, V.I. Serbin, V.M. Tyugin, "Radiation safety of the space nuclear power systems and its realization on the satellite Cosmos-1900", Chapter 45 of the book Space
Nuclear Power Systems 1989, Orbit Book Company, Malabar, Florida
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on nuclear submarines). Note that some of the U (which is fertile and not fissile) will be converted to Pu during operation, and this is taken into consideration during the design and while estimating the power output and design life expectancy.
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Special illustrated presentation by the delegation of the
Russian Federation at the XXXIII session of the scientific and technical subcommittee of COPOUS on collisions of nuclear power sources with space debris, Vienna, February 16,
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The design of the BES-5 FNR is such that a sub-critical assembly exists into which a rod of fissile material is inserted. Feedback and monitoring of the power level will keep the reactor delayed critical and not
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also re-entered the atmosphere, but burned up over the
Atlantic Ocean, away from populated areas. Kosmos 1900 failed to reach its disposal orbit, and remains in low Earth orbit.
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The uranium fuel was more than 90% enriched U and generated
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of electrical power created by thermoelectric conversion of
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464:"The US-A program (Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellites)"
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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16:Soviet small nuclear reactor used in satellites
319:that was used to power 31 satellites in the
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
323:(RORSAT) project. The heat source was a
509:Nuclear technology in the Soviet Union
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434:List of nuclear power systems in space
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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165:Main parameters of the reactor core
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366:long and weighed, as an assembly,
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358:The fuel core of the reactor was
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193:Neutron energy spectrum
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315:'beech'), was a Soviet
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389:of thermal output.
187:37 solid cylinders
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144:Experimental
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41:Please help
36:verification
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487:York, 1994.
407:Kosmos 1402
387:100 kW
376:385 kg
364:0.67 m
360:0.24 m
325:uranium 235
267:100 kW
255:Primary use
498:Categories
440:References
403:Kosmos 954
368:53 kg
334:Background
205:six rods,
184:Fuel state
141:Generation
69:newspapers
383:3 kW
298:‹See Tfd›
232:Beryllium
424:SNAP-10A
413:See also
330:(FNR).
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302:Russian
221:inserts
152:Unknown
83:scholar
58:"BES-5"
171:Fuel (
157:Status
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217:with
90:JSTOR
76:books
453:1996
321:US-A
311:lit.
289:Bouk
197:Fast
62:news
306:бук
293:Buk
291:or
243:NaK
219:LiH
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