363:
use of concrete and steel was limited because of the critical need elsewhere. Most buildings were hot and dusty in the summer and very cold in the winter. Streets as well as water, sewer and electrical services were also provided. The airbase initially included three concrete runways measuring 150 feet (46 m) wide by 1,500 feet (460 m) with connecting 80-foot (24 m) wide concrete taxiways. Later, the existing runways were extended to 5,000 feet (1,500 m) to accommodate larger planes and another runway and other facilities were added. The airfield's runways were oriented north/south, northeast/southwest, east/west, and northwest/southeast. A large parking ramp was also constructed on the south side of the runway complex with several large hangars. The location and further details of a small secondary airfield, called
247:
688:, Illinois, from which it operated from during the crisis. In December 1962, the 434th was returned to control of the Fifth Air Force Reserve Region and resumed reserve training. In 1963, the 434th TCW was reorganized with the addition of three new reserve troop carrier groups being placed under its control. The 930th, 931st and 932d Troop Carrier Groups were activated and assigned on 11 February 1963. The wing's squadrons were divided among the three new groups: the 71st TCS was reassigned to the 930th TCG, the 72d to the 931st TGG, and the 73d to the 932d TCG. All were equipped with wing's former C-119 Boxcars.
239:
73:
186:
93:
33:
229:
39:
100:
1450:
661:. (The 434th flew C-119's until the base was closed in 1970.) When the 434th Troop Carrier Group was inactivated on 14 April 1959, its squadrons were assigned directly to the 434th. The 2466th Air Force Reserve Combat Training Center was inactivated on 1 July 1959, due to budget reductions, and its mission was folded into the 434th's.
451:, which was finished in summer of 1942. The military camp was located a few miles north of where the air base would be laid out. As originally conceived, Atterbury Army Air Field was intended to allow ground troops (Camp Atterbury) and air troops (Atterbury Army Air Field) to learn to work together in combat.
614:
The 434th Troop
Carrier Wing served as a training organization at Atterbury for Air Force reservists, with most of the training was accomplished on weekends. The 434th Troop Carrier Group converted to C-46 Commandoes in August 1949. Training for the most part consisted of transition flying. The group
362:
Structures included barracks, mess halls, a post exchange (PX), recreation and administration buildings, airplane hangars, repair facilities, and warehouses. Most of the one-story, temporary buildings were constructed of fiberboard materials over a wooden frame, tarpaper, and non-masonry siding. The
499:
In August 1944, Atterbury began what was considered a more controversial mission at the time. Throughout World War II, continued pressure from
African-American civilian leaders led the U.S. Army to begin training blacks airmen as members of bomber crews, a step that opened many more skilled combat
871:
The former
Bakalar Air Force Base was converted to a first-class general aviation airport in 1972. Some of its original World War II-era USAAF and Cold War-era USAF buildings remain in use at the facility. In addition, the Atterbury/Bakalar Air Museum on the grounds of the municipal airport is
374:
refused to install the spur until other military obligations were met, Hammon ignored the military chain of command and appealed directly to the head of the War
Production Board. Two days later the spur was under construction. In December 1942, the site was turned over to the Third Air Force.
555:
From 1946 to 1949, the base remained on stand-by status. In May 1949 the U.S. Air Force announced its intention to reopen the World War II-era airfield. Initially, it served as a summer training headquarters for two-week active duty tours of 5,000 to 10,000 Air Force
Reservists from thirteen
875:
In 1995, the local aviation board began a restoration of the former military air base. During the process, the board decided to dedicate one of the few remaining World War II-era buildings on the base to a war hero. The
Atterbury Army Airfield's chapel was restored and named in honor of
446:
glider pilots also received training at
Atterbury. On 5 May 1943, the 57th Station Complement Squadron was activated on the airfield to organize military personnel and command the station. Atterbury Army Air Field was a separate base from the U.S. Army's training facility at
1030:
In
December 1942, with the Columbus airbase nearly complete, Captain Hammon was promoted to major and oversaw building of three more army fields, a general hospital, quartermaster depot, medical depot, and other structures. See Indiana Historical Bureau, "Atterbury Army
528:, performed crew training at Atterbury between August 1944 and March 1945. The 118th Army Air Force Base Unit maintained administrative functions of the station. Atterbury was used for B-25 training because Godman Field was unsuitable for medium-sixed bombers.
535:, Indiana, where the group consolidated and was scheduled to go into combat on 1 July. Most personnel had been transferred to Freeman Field by April and Atterbury was placed in a standby-status under control of Godman Field,
1778:
896:, Norbeck was a test pilot for planes that had been marked unsafe. On 16 October 1944, she was killed when the plane she was piloting crashed. The restored chapel was dedicated in her memory on 29 May 1998.
788:. The 930th was inactivated on 1 July 1975. The 71st Air Commando Squadron was inactivated in 1973 and its AC-119s were retired; however, the squadron was later reactivated in 1987 as part of the new
1710:
1124:
539:. After the departure of the 477th, most facilities at Atterbury were vacant; however it continued to operate as a communications site until December 1945, when it was closed and turned over to the
1454:
849:
The U.S. Department of
Defense closed Bakalar AFB in January 1970. The City of Columbus received the title to the property in 1972 and converted it into a municipal airport. In 1982 it was named
343:
To make room for the new airbase, fourteen families were forced to sell their property to the U.S. government. Construction for the airfield began in August 1942. Pearson
Construction Company of
764:
light utility aircraft. The 931st TASG's mission was tactical air support. The group's C-119s were reassigned to the 71st Special Operations Squadron and modified to the AC-119G configuration.
742:. Subsequently, re-designated as a Special Operations Squadron, the 71st flew combat operations in South Vietnam until 5 June 1969, when its reservists returned to the United States.
1763:
880:(WASP) Jean Lewellen Norbeck. Norbeck (1912–1944), a Columbus native, was one of thirty-eight WASPs who were killed in service during World War II, and the only woman from
556:
north-central states, as well as a maintenance center. While the airbase was inactive, the Army Air Forces had been made a separate branch of the military and renamed the
1620:
The Hoosier Training Ground: A History of Army and Navy Training Centers, Forts, Depots, and Other Military Installations Within the State Boundaries During World War II
927:
The Hoosier Training Ground: A History of Army and Navy Training Centers, Forts, Depots, and Other Military Installations Within the State Boundaries During World War II
359:, supervised the construction, which began on 13 August 1942. Plans for the airbase included more than one hundred buildings, all of them were intended to be temporary.
312:
training base for troop carrier, tactical airlift, and special operations flying units. The military base was closed in 1970. The present-day facility operates as the
1006:
At the time Hammon took over the job supervising construction of the air base, he was thirty-eight years old and had been an architect for twenty-two years. See
1717:
1131:
454:
By late summer 1943, most of I Troop Carrier command's transport and glider training was being phased down at Atterbury. In September, elements of the
657:
Throughout the 1950s, the 434th TCW performed routine reserve training at Bakalar. In 1957, the wing transitioned from C-46 Commandos to the Fairchild
615:
also spent two weeks (8–22 July 1950) on active duty in a summer encampment. The 434th returned to its previous training role upon its return from the
370:
In order to finish base on time, Captain Hammon needed a railroad spur to transport ten carloads of cement per day to the construction site. When the
126:
347:, was the contractor for the project. The airfield's initial construction cost was $ 4 million ($ 58,028,513) to $ 5 million ($ 72,535,642) in 2015
1685:
1633:
1773:
1768:
832:
The 434th Tactical Airlift Wing was inactivated on 31 December 1969, with the closure of Bakalar AFB, but it was later reactivated as the
1072:
643:
1783:
811:
aircraft were moved to Grissom AFB in 1969. The group went through a number of changes over the years, but remains active as the
411:
500:
roles to them. In response to this pressure, jurisdiction of Atterbury AAF was transferred from I Troop Carrier Command to the
1186:
356:
1389:
866:
850:
789:
626:
in honor of First Lieutenant John Edmond Bakalar (1920–1944) of the 353d Fighter Squadron, 354th Fighter Group. Bakalar, a
313:
20:
905:
543:
for disposal. After World War II, the base was used periodically for pilot training until it was reactivated during the
391:, the first large contingent of military personnel arrived at the new airfield in February 1943. The airfield was named
591:, Medium, moved to Atterbury on 1 July 1949, and was assigned as the wing's operational component. The group had four
1601:
1556:
1314:
1226:
583:, Medium, was established and activated on 1 July 1949 in the Air Force Reserve at the Atterbury Air Force Base. The
92:
531:
In March 1945 the 477th reached its full combat strength and B-25 Mitchell training under the 477th CG was moved to
757:
753:(TAC) as the operational gaining command. The 434th TAW remained a part of the Fifth Air Force Reserve Region.
877:
739:
929:. Indiana in World War II. Vol. III. Bloomington: Indiana War History Commission. pp. 7, 81–82.
881:
608:
596:
288:
John Edmond Bakalar, USAAF. Established in 1942, the airfield served as a training base for medium-range
691:
On 1 October 1966, the 932d TCG was released from its assignment to the 434th TCW and reassigned to the
745:
On 1 August 1968, the major command at Bakalar was changed from Continental Air Command (ConAc) to the
692:
604:
600:
513:
509:
458:
246:
773:
588:
540:
399:
281:
340:. The 2,000-acre (8.1 km) airfield was initially called the Columbus Air Support Command base.
1216:
839:
834:
813:
677:
580:
78:
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1156:
238:
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561:
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462:
431:
344:
258:
191:
48:
1593:
1584:
1306:
1297:
703:, in preparation for heavy cargo operations. On 1 July 1967, the 434th was re-designated as the
781:
676:. The wing's C-119 squadrons began transporting supplies, equipment and U.S. Army personnel to
1678:
1546:
1076:
1465:
1337:
517:
419:
371:
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685:
673:
669:
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494:
384:
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8:
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826:
718:
G gunship configuration. The airlift group and its Bakalar Reservists were reassigned to
696:
658:
622:
In a formal dedication ceremony held on 13 November 1954, the Atterbury base was renamed
576:. The bulk of the rehabilitation work on the base facilities was completed in June 1949.
573:
403:
72:
1666:
1627:
1073:"WW2 Military Airfields including Auxiliaries and Support fields Idaho – New Hampshire"
731:
455:
337:
1622:. Indiana in World War II. Vol. III. Bloomington: Indiana War History Commission.
710:
On 13 May 1968, the 930th Tactical Airlift Group was activated for combat duty in the
1694:
1597:
1571:
1552:
1310:
1254:
1222:
1009:
746:
707:, with its subordinate groups and squadrons re-designated as tactical airlift units.
396:
333:
309:
278:
262:
63:
53:
668:
in 1962, the 434th TCW was reactivated and brought under the operational control of
504:
on 24 August 1944, and Atterbury's mission was changed to training black airmen for
872:"dedicated to the memory of all military and civilian personnel who served there."
854:
627:
285:
565:
501:
478:
407:
352:
348:
77:
Jeep being dropped by Fairchild C-119G Flying Boxcar, AF Ser. No. 52-6024 of the
81:, Bakalar AFB, Indiana, circa 1954 (note that the parachute has not yet opened).
893:
785:
719:
448:
325:
1757:
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808:
735:
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532:
505:
470:
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439:
435:
395:
in April 1943 and renamed Atterbury Army Air Base in June 1943, in honor of
301:
297:
293:
289:
142:
128:
1748:
1513:
985:
324:
In June 1942 it was announced that a new airfield would be established near
1575:
1424:
1258:
797:
793:
772:
Bakalar Air Force Base was selected for closure in 1969, due to Stateside (
760:. Its 72d Tactical Airlift Squadron was re-designated and re-equipped with
756:
On 25 June 1969, the 931st Tactical Airlift Group was re-designated as the
647:
635:
584:
521:
482:
474:
388:
266:
714:, and the 71st TAS's C-119 aircraft were selected for modification to the
32:
1551:. Maxwell AFB, AL: United States Air Force, Office of Air Force History.
777:
711:
415:
1592:. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, U.S. Air Force. pp.
1570:. Washington, DC: United States Air Force, Office of Air Force History.
1253:. Washington, DC: United States Air Force, Office of Air Force history.
784:, Indiana, where it became a Tactical Fighter Group in 1973, flying the
885:
801:
761:
616:
544:
228:
1779:
Transportation buildings and structures in Bartholomew County, Indiana
1716:. Atterbury-Muscatatuck and the Indiana National Guard. Archived from
1656:
1130:. Atterbury-Muscatatuck and the Indiana National Guard. Archived from
825:. Its operational component is the 72d Air Refueling Squadron, flying
477:, Georgia, prior to their overseas deployment and reassignment to the
296:
troop carrier planes and glider pilots. It also was used for training
651:
443:
351:. More than 1,000 workers employed during its construction. Captain
889:
780:
combat operations. The 930th Special Operations Group was moved to
700:
536:
525:
305:
1742:
1497:
681:
329:
284:), but it was renamed Bakalar Air Force Base in 1954 in honor of
1586:
Air Force Combat Wings: Lineage and Honors Histories (1947–1977)
1299:
Air Force Combat Wings: Lineage and Honors Histories (1947–1977)
1221:. Maxwell AFB, AL: U.S. Air Force, Office of Air Force History.
822:
715:
631:
1695:"Building an Airfield: Atterbury Army Air Field, Columbus, IN"
1010:"Building an Airfield: Atterbury Army Air Field, Columbus, IN"
939:
430:
In May 1944 jurisdiction of the new base was assigned to the
38:
1458:
1107:
Riker, pp. 20–21, and Taulman and Wertz, eds., p. 92. See:
944:. Franklin, IN: Custer Baker Middle School. pp. 32–33.
726:
on 11 June. The 71st was subsequently re-designated as the
723:
1644:. Aviation Archaeological Investigation and Research. 2004
1355:. Aviation Archaeological Investigation and Research. 2004
1098:
Riker, pp. 81–82, and Taulman and Wertz, eds., pp. 132–33.
572:
reopened the installation when the center was moved from
1617:
1305:. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. pp.
1764:
Installations of the United States Air Force in Indiana
924:
1582:
1089:
Riker, p. 81, and Taulman and Wertz, eds., pp. 132–33.
1295:
749:(AFRES), at that time a field operating agency, with
630:, native was killed in action 1 September 1944, over
1149:
730:on 15 June, and on 5 December 1968, it deployed to
642:) crashed. His decorations and awards included the
550:
19:For the civil use of this facility after 1972, see
473:from Atterbury until early 1944, when it moved to
261:base located 4.4 miles (7.1 km) northeast of
1330:
684:. The 73d Troop Carrier Squadron was deployed to
1755:
1642:"September 1944 USAAF Overseas Accident Reports"
1353:"September 1944 USAAF Overseas Accident Reports"
776:) base funding reductions to free up monies for
434:. Atterbury's mission was to train and organize
1657:Taulman, Larry, and Don G. Wertz, eds. (1983).
1568:Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II
1251:Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II
570:2466th Air Force Reserve Combat Training Center
332:, approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of
16:Former US Air Force base near Columbus, Indiana
1565:
1544:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1210:
1208:
469:, Florida, trained at the base. The unit flew
1425:"Welcome to the Atterbury-Bakalar Air Museum"
1248:
1214:
807:The 931st Tactical Air Support Group and its
1632:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1383:
1381:
1379:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
940:Larry Taulman and Don G. Wertz, ed. (1983).
328:, a military training camp in south-central
1661:. Franklin, IN: Custer Baker Middle School.
1500:. U.S. Air Force Historical Research Agency
1396:. U.S. Air Force Historical Research Agency
1235:
1205:
884:, killed in the line of duty. Stationed at
112:Location of Bakalar Air Force Base, Indiana
980:
425:
418:. Atterbury later became president of the
1743:Military History of South Central Indiana
1684:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1376:
1171:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
560:. The Atterbury airbase was placed under
242:Atterbury Army Airfield, 25 November 1943
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1065:
767:
508:medium bomber crews. Two squadrons, the
245:
237:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
378:
319:
1756:
1692:
1548:Air Force Combat Units Of World War II
1218:Air Force Combat Units Of World War II
957:
1774:Military installations closed in 1970
1769:Military airbases established in 1954
1274:
1007:
650:, both awarded posthumously, and the
304:bomber crews. Reactivated during the
1459:Air Force Historical Research Agency
1043:
867:Columbus Municipal Airport (Indiana)
790:Air Force Special Operations Command
21:Columbus Municipal Airport (Indiana)
1530:"General William Wallace Atterbury"
1466:"About 1st Lt. John Edmond Bakalar"
1338:"About 1st Lt. John Edmond Bakalar"
1110:"General William Wallace Atterbury"
906:Indiana World War II Army Airfields
838:, and operates as the host wing at
99:
13:
860:
488:
336:and 4 miles (6.4 km) west of
14:
1795:
1784:1970 disestablishments in Indiana
1736:
1618:Riker, Dorothy, compiler (1952).
1482:"About William Wallace Atterbury"
1157:"About William Wallace Atterbury"
232: 434th Tactical Airlift Wing
1453: This article incorporates
1448:
1414:Taulman and Wertz, eds., p. 133.
1373:Taulman and Wertz, eds., p. 135.
925:Dorothy Riker, compiler (1952).
758:931st Tactical Air Support Group
728:71st Air Commando Squadron (ACS)
551:Cold War-era and Vietnam War use
227:
184:
98:
91:
71:
37:
31:
1745:, Indiana Military Organization
1583:Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984).
1417:
1408:
1367:
1265:
1101:
1092:
1083:
738:, where it was assigned to the
1484:. Atterbury-Bakalar Air Museum
1468:. Atterbury-Bakalar Air Museum
1427:. Atterbury-Bakalar Air Museum
1340:. Atterbury-Bakalar Air Museum
1296:Charles A. Ravenstein (1984).
1184:Historical records search for
1159:. Atterbury-Bakalar Air Museum
1034:
1024:
1000:
948:
933:
918:
853:and continues to operate as a
1:
1443:
1062:Thole, "Building an Airfield"
414:for his contributions during
1749:Atterbury-Bakalar Air Museum
740:14th Special Operations Wing
654:with six Oak Leaf Clusters.
609:74th Troop Carrier Squadrons
357:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
7:
1711:"William Wallace Atterbury"
1516:. Indiana Historical Bureau
1125:"William Wallace Atterbury"
988:. Indiana Historical Bureau
899:
882:Bartholomew County, Indiana
878:Women Airfare Service Pilot
705:434th Tactical Airlift Wing
644:Distinguished Service Cross
412:Distinguished Service Medal
365:Bartholomew County Airfield
10:
1800:
864:
851:Columbus Municipal Airport
693:442d Military Airlift Wing
514:619th Bombardment Squadron
492:
459:596th Bombardment Squadron
314:Columbus Municipal Airport
18:
1514:"Atterbury Army Airfield"
1498:"Air Force History Index"
986:"Atterbury Army Airfield"
774:Continental United States
589:434th Troop Carrier Group
541:War Assets Administration
442:transport aircrews. Many
400:William Wallace Atterbury
282:William Wallace Atterbury
223:
218:
210:
202:
197:
179:
174:
166:
120:
86:
70:
60:
46:
28:
911:
840:Grissom Air Reserve Base
835:434th Air Refueling Wing
814:931st Air Refueling Wing
678:Homestead Air Force Base
581:434th Troop Carrier Wing
410:graduate who received a
269:, the base was known as
79:434th Troop Carrier Wing
1566:Maurer, Maurer (1982).
1545:Maurer, Maurer (1983).
1394:Air Force History Index
1191:Air Force History Index
562:Continental Air Command
558:United States Air Force
463:397th Bombardment Group
432:I Troop Carrier Command
426:I Troop Carrier Command
393:Atterbury Army Airfield
345:Benton Harbor, Michigan
275:Atterbury Army Air Base
192:United States Air Force
49:Continental Air Command
1455:public domain material
1249:Maurer Maurer (1982).
1215:Maurer Maurer (1983).
842:, Indiana, flying the
792:(AFSOC) and now flies
782:Grissom Air Force Base
624:Bakalar Air Force Base
255:Bakalar Air Force Base
251:
243:
29:Bakalar Air Force Base
1532:. IndianaMilitary.org
1112:. IndianaMilitary.org
768:Military base closure
518:477th Composite Group
420:Pennsylvania Railroad
372:Pennsylvania Railroad
250:World War II Postcard
249:
241:
143:39.26194°N 85.89639°W
827:KC-135 Stratotankers
751:Tactical Air Command
686:Scott Air Force Base
674:Tactical Air Command
670:Nineteenth Air Force
666:Cuban Missile Crisis
495:Freeman Field Mutiny
485:(AAF-154), England.
387:installation during
385:U.S. Army Air Forces
379:World War II-era use
320:Initial construction
308:, it was used as an
277:(named in memory of
219:Garrison information
1387:Records search for
844:KC-135 Stratotanker
697:Richards-Gebaur AFB
659:C-119 Flying Boxcar
574:Evansville, Indiana
404:New Albany, Indiana
271:Atterbury Air Field
148:39.26194; -85.89639
138: /
1723:on 26 January 2017
1677:has generic name (
1659:The Atterbury File
1137:on 26 January 2017
942:The Atterbury File
732:Nha Trang Air Base
516:, assigned to the
456:III Bomber Command
252:
244:
180:Controlled by
1040:Riker, pp. 80–82.
762:U-3A "Blue Canoe"
747:Air Force Reserve
397:Brigadier General
383:Established as a
367:, are not known.
310:Air Force Reserve
279:Brigadier General
263:Columbus, Indiana
236:
235:
64:Columbus, Indiana
54:Air Force Reserve
1791:
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1136:
1129:
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1119:
1117:
1105:
1099:
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1090:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1075:. Archived from
1069:
1063:
1060:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
982:
955:
952:
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945:
937:
931:
930:
922:
855:general aviation
628:Hammond, Indiana
286:First Lieutenant
231:
190:
188:
187:
175:Site information
170:Air Reserve Base
162:
161:
159:
158:
157:
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101:
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35:
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1693:Thole, Lou.
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198:Site history
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1187:"Atterbury"
1141:28 February
1116:28 February
1008:Lou Thole.
778:Vietnam War
712:Vietnam War
664:During the
416:World War I
211:In use
154:Bakalar AFB
146: /
133:085°53′47″W
121:Coordinates
106:Bakalar AFB
1758:Categories
1444:References
1350:See also:
1122:See also:
1031:Airfield."
886:Shaw Field
857:facility.
802:New Mexico
617:Korean War
545:Korean War
493:See also:
152: (
130:39°15′43″N
1667:cite book
1628:cite book
1390:"Bakalar"
652:Air Medal
634:when his
444:Waco CG-4
338:Edinburgh
265:. During
214:1943–1970
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1016:27 March
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900:See also
890:Shaw AFB
701:Missouri
646:and the
640:44-13895
537:Illinois
526:Kentucky
334:Columbus
306:Cold War
224:Garrison
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1193:. AFHRA
682:Florida
587:-based
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568:. The
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1128:(PDF)
912:Notes
888:(now
796:from
510:618th
465:from
203:Built
1729:2017
1703:2017
1686:link
1679:help
1650:2017
1634:link
1611:2017
1598:ISBN
1572:OCLC
1553:ISBN
1538:2017
1522:2017
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1324:2017
1311:ISBN
1255:OCLC
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