41:
258:(Grand Bank of the Mexican Empire). This idea was never pursued, instead, credit was generally issued by religious orders or trading guilds. In 1827, Mexico defaulted on a loan from British lenders which made it difficult to find foreign capital and it was forced to rely on local lenders as it had no national bank to lend to it. Instead the government was forced to rely on domestic lenders known as agiotistas (speculators) who specialized in short-term, high-interest loans.
633:
326:(National Bank of Mexico) which issued notes and was the primary lender to the government. The same year government issued a commercial code that gave it control of the banking sector, including the responsibility of chartering banks and establishing minimum levels of capital. The new code also stipulated that all paper money had to be backed by gold or silver on deposit in the national treasury.
29:
457:, and monetary regulation. Initially, retail banks even had the option not to partner with Banco de MĂ©xico. The main goals of the Bank at that time were to unify the fractured banking system left behind by the Revolution, create a flexible financial system that could modernize the country, reestablish credit, and renew trust in paper money.
410:
declared that all banks must fully back their banknotes with metal. The 1897 law said that private banks only had to back 33% of the value of their issued notes, consequently all of the private banks were dissolved and their assets seized. That same year
Carranza issued his own "unforgeable" notes in
370:
for periods up to 40 years. The auxiliary development banks were authorized to make loans for periods up to two years for the purpose of financing industrial endeavors such as mining, manufacturing, and agriculture. Nationwide, there were 24 banks with issuing authority, two mortgage banks, and five
471:
In 1932, laws were passed that required all private banks to invest their capital in Mexico and associate themselves with Banco de MĂ©xico. The laws also required that Banco de MĂ©xico cease operating as a commercial bank. After passage of this legislation, only three foreign banks remained in the
431:(General Law of Credit Institutions) was passed which was the legal antecedent for the Banco de MĂ©xico. The law prevented banks from owning stock in other banks and eliminated the stock exemption for banks. Most importantly, the law called for the creation of a central bank.
405:
When Huerta was forced from office, the number of banknotes issued multiplied and the population began to lose faith in paper money. As warlords ravaged the country vying for control, they forced banks to make exorbitant loans or they looted them. In 1916
378:. These reforms prevented emissions banks from opening new branches and required them to convert themselves into auxiliary or mortgage banks. These changes had limited success, and though Limantour predicted a budget surplus for 1911, the collapse of the
333:
temporarily closed, reopening without its banking services. The government mismanaged the emission of a new non-silver coin and was forced to hastily recall it. Both of these events caused the public to lose confidence in the banks and paper money.
464:, the bank exceeded the legal limit of how much it could loan to the government. The unease of the private banking institution was assuaged somewhat when the initial offices of Banco de MĂ©xico were temporarily located in the headquarters of the
269:. The primary purpose of the bank was to stimulate the manufacturing and textile industries. Its success was confined mainly to the latter, but due to ongoing political and military crises the bank was eventually closed in 1842 by President
402:, to overthrown him in February 1913. When Huerta took power in 1913, he confiscated all of the metal backed banknotes from private issuing banks then issued unbacked banknotes into circulation, crippling the national banking system.
760:
468:. The banking interests cemented their relationship with the government by issuing loans to government officials, ensuring that the politicians had a vested interest in the stability of the system.
958:
427:
was signed in 1917. Article 28 of that constitution stipulated that all paper money would be issued by a single bank controlled by the government. But it was not until the end of 1924 that the
303:, which had functioned as a pawnshop since 1775, expanded its services into banking. Both banks issued their own bank notes and many more banks followed suit in the next decade, including the
621:
On 15 December 2009, AgustĂn
Carstens was confirmed by the Senate as the new Governor of the Bank of Mexico with 81 votes in favor and 19 votes against. He assumed office on 1 January 2010.
519:
494:
481:
551:
601:
500:
398:
took power from DĂaz. Madero worked to increase the number of banks in the country but he was not trusted by the United States which worked with one of Madero's generals,
2322:
538:
722:
564:
532:
883:
767:
234:. The Bank of Mexico is autonomous in exercising its functions, and its main objective is to achieve stability in the purchasing power of the national currency.
366:
notes were allowed to circulate nationally. They were also authorized to make short-term loans. Mortgage banks were authorized to make loans collateralized by
2317:
1197:
1123:
506:
966:
1432:
1987:
460:
The bank's first years were difficult. Initially only two private banks affiliated themselves with Banco de MĂ©xico, and by 1927, in the midst of the
411:
May though these lost all value by July of the same year. The banks seized by
Carranza weren't returned to their owners until the administration of
1222:
1133:
74:
2421:
1118:
1113:
2370:
1212:
1202:
1187:
1181:
1128:
2380:
2365:
1596:
1171:
1166:
813:
358:
banks, and auxiliary development banks. Issuing banks were allowed to circulate banknotes within the state they were issued, but only the
1854:
1148:
1950:
699:
2337:
2182:
1296:
1043:
276:
The
Mexican government had decreed the establishment of a national bank in 1837, which similarly had to close in December, 1841.
2375:
2360:
2210:
2109:
1864:
1733:
2327:
1997:
1397:
1362:
261:
The first formal bank organized by the government was the Banco de AvĂo which was formed in 1830 during the presidency of
1826:
1711:
472:
country. These changes and a looser restriction on the issuance of banknotes led to a growing trust in the central bank.
730:
2416:
2205:
1728:
1637:
1345:
524:
2332:
1559:
1447:
1387:
823:
902:
2135:
1554:
1529:
1309:
486:
2052:
1647:
1586:
556:
2236:
1796:
1524:
606:
270:
1859:
1764:
1519:
1367:
2241:
2067:
1965:
1869:
1849:
1669:
1652:
1549:
67:
2307:
2175:
1774:
1674:
1601:
1335:
1289:
1036:
543:
589:
2406:
2077:
1898:
1789:
1779:
1452:
1407:
651:
614:
129:
56:
2215:
1982:
1701:
1684:
1606:
1539:
569:
308:
2411:
1884:
1879:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1513:
1504:
1382:
1238:
928:
374:
In 1908 Limantour issued new reforms to protect the
Mexican economy from weaknesses exposed by the
1955:
1816:
1544:
1352:
1052:
1412:
2401:
2168:
2020:
1925:
1831:
1821:
1679:
1659:
1357:
1282:
1029:
441:
with an official ceremony given on
September 1, 1925. It was given exclusive authority to mint
424:
329:
The next 15 years were turbulent for the banking sector of Mexico. Due to poor management, the
577:
354:(Law of Credit Institutions). The new law grouped banks into three categories: issuing banks,
347:
251:
2355:
2287:
2282:
2092:
1945:
1935:
1811:
1759:
1689:
1642:
1581:
1402:
656:
511:
285:
231:
2297:
2104:
1940:
1915:
1910:
1801:
1706:
1340:
1325:
449:, a sharp departure from policies of the past. The bank was also given responsibility over
262:
247:
166:
1462:
8:
2231:
2057:
2047:
1930:
1836:
1716:
1664:
1487:
1467:
1094:
412:
407:
395:
1258:
595:
2087:
2062:
1625:
1611:
1427:
383:
2128:
2012:
1992:
1977:
1874:
1806:
1747:
1721:
1534:
1509:
1499:
1317:
1176:
819:
646:
399:
2312:
2030:
1784:
1477:
1472:
1372:
1217:
435:
207:
343:
2267:
2262:
2144:
2099:
2082:
2072:
2035:
1970:
1920:
1457:
438:
266:
40:
2277:
1591:
1207:
583:
1248:
1243:
2395:
2272:
2246:
2149:
2002:
1696:
454:
450:
375:
355:
89:
76:
2191:
2040:
1841:
1437:
1138:
1060:
638:
461:
434:
The Banco de MĂ©xico was created on August 25, 1925, under the direction of
307:(Mexican National Bank) in 1882, opened by the administration of President
284:
The first major private bank in Mexico was opened under the period of the
243:
227:
149:
2025:
367:
60:
1143:
1422:
1417:
1392:
1377:
1263:
475:
379:
1330:
1253:
1084:
265:
under the direction of the
Minister of Interior and Foreign Affairs,
1960:
1442:
1161:
1089:
446:
154:
124:
1274:
1021:
677:
292:(Bank of London, Mexico and South America) opened in Mexico City.
1192:
1156:
812:
Coerver, Don M.; Pasztor, Suzanne B.; Buffington, Robert (2004).
2160:
1305:
223:
139:
1009:
700:"Bank of Mexico Cuts Interest Rates for Second Straight Time"
187:
815:
723:"Historical outline, hierarchical history, Banco de MĂ©xico"
442:
2323:
International Centre for
Settlement of Investment Disputes
28:
811:
1016:
856:
844:
832:
2318:
628:
476:
Directors general (1925â1994) and governors (1994â )
959:"Mexico's Senate confirms Carstens as cenbank head"
678:"The Organisation and Structure of Central Banks"
2393:
951:
766:. Banco de MĂ©xico. February 2018. Archived from
761:"The history of coins and banknotes in Mexico"
2371:Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean
2176:
1290:
1037:
2381:Central banks and currencies of the Americas
2366:Central banks and currencies of Asia-Pacific
1827:North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
965:. Reuters. 15 December 2009. Archived from
2183:
2169:
1297:
1283:
1044:
1030:
386:ground normal banking activity to a halt.
39:
2338:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
991:
862:
850:
838:
685:Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
675:
429:Ley General de Instituciones de Crédito
2394:
2376:Central banks and currencies of Europe
2361:Central banks and currencies of Africa
2211:Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
697:
669:
382:regime and the intensification of the
322:(Mexican Mercantile Bank) to form the
290:Banco de Londres, MĂ©xico y Sud America
2422:Mexican companies established in 1925
2328:International Development Association
2164:
1278:
1025:
807:
885:A Brief Summary of Banking in Mexico
877:
875:
873:
871:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
717:
715:
713:
1304:
1051:
881:
350:helped to guide the passing of the
13:
2206:Bank for International Settlements
342:In 1897, during the presidency of
279:
14:
2433:
2333:International Finance Corporation
2190:
1448:Institutional Revolutionary Party
1001:
929:"Ley creando el "Banco de MĂ©xico"
868:
784:
744:
710:
939:(58): 1263â1271. August 31, 1925
631:
246:of Mexico began as early as the
27:
921:
895:
352:Ley de Instituciones de Crédito
256:Gran Banco del Imperio Mexicano
2237:Contractionary monetary policy
1017:Banking in Mexico (in English)
992:Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1888).
698:Harrup, Anthony (2024-09-26).
691:
1:
1368:Centralist Republic of Mexico
418:
389:
371:auxiliary development banks.
337:
237:
2242:Expansionary monetary policy
1797:Institutional stock exchange
1433:Second American intervention
299:opened in Chihuahua and the
7:
2308:International Monetary Fund
1998:Water supply and sanitation
1363:Spanish reconquest attempts
624:
376:US financial crisis of 1907
271:Antonio LĂłpez de Santa Anna
10:
2438:
1398:Second French intervention
1346:Control of Central America
985:
903:"Agricultural credit bank"
652:Economic history of Mexico
520:Eduardo Villaseñor Ăngeles
482:Alberto Mascareñas Navarro
2417:Banks established in 1925
2348:
2296:
2255:
2224:
2216:Financial Stability Board
2198:
2122:
2011:
1906:
1897:
1755:
1746:
1633:
1624:
1597:Tropical cyclone rainfall
1495:
1486:
1316:
1231:
1103:
1077:
1059:
596:AgustĂn Carstens Carstens
552:Ernesto FernĂĄndez Hurtado
466:Banco de Londres y Mexico
364:Banco de Londres y Mexico
230:, monetary authority and
182:
174:
161:
145:
136:Central bank of
135:
123:
105:
66:
50:
38:
26:
1638:Administrative divisions
662:
590:Guillermo Ortiz MartĂnez
501:Gonzalo Robles FernĂĄndez
495:AgustĂn RodrĂguez Cotera
360:Banco Nacional de MĂ©xico
324:Banco Nacional de MĂ©xico
320:Banco Mercantil Mexicano
2053:Handcrafts and folk art
1822:National stock exchange
1560:Protected natural areas
1388:Second Mexican Republic
1353:Supreme Executive Power
727:anterior.banxico.org.mx
704:The Wall Street Journal
615:Victoria RodrĂguez Ceja
316:Banco Nacional Mexicano
305:Banco Nacional Mexicano
130:Victoria RodrĂguez Ceja
90:19.434893°N 99.140427°W
1865:States by unemployment
1855:Science and technology
1358:First Mexican Republic
602:Alejandro DĂaz de LeĂłn
565:Gustavo Romero Kolbeck
533:Carlos Novoa Rouvignac
425:constitution of Mexico
297:Banco de Santa Eulalia
211:
111:; 99 years ago
109:September 1, 1925
16:Central Bank of Mexico
2356:List of central banks
2288:Sovereign wealth fund
2283:Open market operation
2093:Our Lady of Guadalupe
1587:Territorial evolution
1403:Second Mexican Empire
676:Weidner, Jan (2017).
657:List of central banks
584:Miguel Mancera Aguayo
286:Second Mexican Empire
232:lender of last resort
95:19.434893; -99.140427
2110:World Heritage Sites
1525:Environmental issues
1383:MexicanâAmerican War
1341:First Mexican Empire
907:Historia de Mexico 2
263:Anastasio Bustamante
175:Interest rate target
2232:Capital requirement
1765:Automotive industry
1653:Chamber of Deputies
1336:War of Independence
1232:Foreign-owned banks
1198:Banco Interacciones
1095:Banco del Bienestar
578:Carlos Tello MacĂas
539:Rodrigo GĂłmez GĂłmez
436:Minister of Finance
408:Venustiano Carranza
396:Francisco I. Madero
348:José Yves Limantour
346:, Finance Minister
254:with his idea of a
252:AgustĂn de Iturbide
86: /
23:
1966:Indigenous peoples
1870:Telecommunications
1729:State legislatures
1670:Federal government
1550:Metropolitan areas
1428:Mexican Revolution
1124:Banco Ahorro Famsa
909:. November 6, 2011
891:. Banco de MĂ©xico.
882:Turrent, Eduardo.
507:Luis Montes de Oca
19:
2407:Economy of Mexico
2389:
2388:
2158:
2157:
2118:
2117:
1893:
1892:
1742:
1741:
1712:Political parties
1675:Foreign relations
1620:
1619:
1408:Restored Republic
1326:Pre-Columbian era
1272:
1271:
1177:Compartamos Banco
1078:Development banks
994:History of Mexico
647:Economy of Mexico
400:Victoriano Huerta
318:soon merged with
295:In the 1870s the
288:in 1864 when the
200:
199:
54:2, 5 de Mayo Ave.
2429:
2313:World Bank Group
2185:
2178:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2138:
2131:
2078:National symbols
1904:
1903:
1845:
1790:Renewable energy
1780:Economic history
1753:
1752:
1631:
1630:
1493:
1492:
1473:Chiapas conflict
1373:Texas Revolution
1299:
1292:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1259:Santander MĂ©xico
1046:
1039:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1010:Official website
997:
979:
978:
976:
974:
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
925:
919:
918:
916:
914:
899:
893:
892:
890:
879:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
829:
809:
782:
781:
779:
778:
772:
765:
757:
742:
741:
739:
738:
729:. Archived from
719:
708:
707:
695:
689:
688:
682:
673:
641:
636:
635:
634:
610:
573:
560:
547:
528:
515:
490:
196:
193:
191:
189:
170:
119:
117:
112:
101:
100:
98:
97:
96:
91:
87:
84:
83:
82:
79:
43:
31:
24:
18:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2412:Banks of Mexico
2392:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2344:
2299:
2292:
2263:Capital control
2251:
2220:
2194:
2189:
2159:
2154:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2114:
2007:
1983:Public holidays
1956:Nationality law
1951:Life expectancy
1889:
1843:
1738:
1702:Law enforcement
1616:
1607:Water resources
1482:
1458:Mexican miracle
1312:
1303:
1273:
1268:
1227:
1099:
1073:
1055:
1053:Banks of Mexico
1050:
1008:
1007:
1004:
988:
983:
982:
972:
970:
969:on 26 July 2020
957:
956:
952:
942:
940:
927:
926:
922:
912:
910:
901:
900:
896:
888:
880:
869:
861:
857:
849:
845:
837:
833:
826:
810:
785:
776:
774:
770:
763:
759:
758:
745:
736:
734:
721:
720:
711:
696:
692:
680:
674:
670:
665:
637:
632:
630:
627:
604:
567:
554:
541:
522:
509:
484:
478:
439:Alberto J. Pani
421:
392:
340:
331:Monte de Piedad
309:Manuel GonzĂĄlez
301:Monte de Piedad
282:
280:Private banking
240:
214:), abbreviated
212:Banco de MĂ©xico
186:
165:
152:
115:
113:
110:
94:
92:
88:
85:
80:
77:
75:
73:
72:
57:Alc. Cuauhtémoc
55:
46:
34:
22:Banco de MĂ©xico
21:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2435:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2278:Money creation
2275:
2273:Interest rates
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2256:Implementation
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1885:Water scarcity
1882:
1880:Transportation
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1837:Pension system
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1575:Municipalities
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1530:Extreme points
1527:
1522:
1517:
1514:Climate change
1507:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
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1069:Bank of Mexico
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1063:
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1003:
1002:External links
1000:
999:
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996:. Vol. 6.
987:
984:
981:
980:
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933:Diario Oficial
920:
894:
867:
865:, p. 551.
855:
853:, p. 520.
843:
841:, p. 519.
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667:
666:
664:
661:
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643:
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626:
623:
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618:
617:(2022âpresent)
612:
599:
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587:
581:
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562:
549:
536:
530:
517:
504:
498:
492:
477:
474:
455:interest rates
451:exchange rates
420:
417:
413:Ălvaro ObregĂłn
391:
388:
339:
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281:
278:
248:Mexican Empire
239:
236:
204:Bank of Mexico
198:
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184:
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169:168.37 billion
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20:Bank of Mexico
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2:
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2298:Bretton Woods
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2247:Basel Accords
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2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:States by HDI
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
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1896:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
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1860:States by GDP
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
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1818:
1817:Manufacturing
1815:
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1521:
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1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
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1476:
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1426:
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1416:
1414:
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1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
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1389:
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1247:
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1240:
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1236:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1218:Banco Multiva
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
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1134:Banco Autofin
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:Mexican banks
1102:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1066:
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1028:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1005:
995:
990:
989:
968:
964:
960:
954:
938:
934:
930:
924:
908:
904:
898:
887:
886:
878:
876:
874:
872:
864:
863:Bancroft 1888
859:
852:
851:Bancroft 1888
847:
840:
839:Bancroft 1888
835:
827:
825:9781576071328
821:
817:
816:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
773:on 2019-07-13
769:
762:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
733:on 2019-05-26
732:
728:
724:
718:
716:
714:
705:
701:
694:
686:
679:
672:
668:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
640:
629:
622:
616:
613:
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582:
579:
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571:
566:
563:
558:
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531:
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521:
518:
513:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
488:
483:
480:
479:
473:
469:
467:
463:
462:Christero War
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
432:
430:
426:
416:
414:
409:
403:
401:
397:
387:
385:
381:
377:
372:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:mortgage loan
353:
349:
345:
344:Porfirio DĂaz
335:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
277:
274:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
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249:
245:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
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195:
185:
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128:
126:
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108:
104:
99:
71:
69:
65:
62:
58:
53:
49:
42:
37:
30:
25:
2021:Architecture
1926:Demographics
1770:Central bank
1769:
1680:Human rights
1660:Constitution
1478:War on drugs
1453:World War II
1438:Cristero War
1331:Colonial era
1223:Banco Ve X +
1139:Banco Azteca
1119:Banca Afirme
1114:Agrofinanzas
1068:
1061:Central bank
993:
971:. Retrieved
967:the original
962:
953:
941:. Retrieved
936:
932:
923:
911:. Retrieved
906:
897:
884:
858:
846:
834:
818:. ABC-CLIO.
814:
775:. Retrieved
768:the original
735:. Retrieved
731:the original
726:
703:
693:
684:
671:
639:Banks portal
620:
470:
465:
459:
433:
428:
423:The current
422:
404:
393:
373:
363:
359:
351:
341:
330:
328:
323:
319:
315:
314:In 1884 the
313:
304:
300:
296:
294:
289:
283:
275:
267:Lucas AlamĂĄn
260:
255:
244:central bank
242:Plans for a
241:
228:central bank
219:
215:
203:
201:
150:Mexican peso
51:Headquarters
45:Headquarters
1946:Immigration
1812:Land reform
1760:Agriculture
1582:Territories
1520:Earthquakes
1468:Peso crisis
1463:Lost Decade
1249:HSBC MĂ©xico
1244:BBVA MĂ©xico
1213:Banco Monex
1208:Banca Mifel
1203:Banco Invex
1188:Banco Famsa
1182:Banco Facil
1129:Banco Amigo
973:16 December
611:(2017â2021)
605: [
598:(2009â2017)
592:(1998â2009)
586:(1982â1997)
574:(1976â1982)
568: [
561:(1970â1976)
555: [
548:(1952â1970)
542: [
535:(1946â1952)
529:(1940â1946)
523: [
516:(1935â1940)
510: [
497:(1932â1935)
491:(1925â1932)
485: [
368:real estate
106:Established
93: /
68:Coordinates
61:Mexico City
2396:Categories
2105:Television
2063:Literature
1941:Healthcare
1916:Censorship
1911:Corruption
1844:(currency)
1802:Irrigation
1423:Porfiriato
1418:Yaqui Wars
1393:La Reforma
1378:Pastry War
1264:Scotiabank
1184:(Chedraui)
1172:Banco BASE
1167:Bansi S.A.
943:9 December
777:2019-05-27
737:2019-05-26
445:and print
419:Foundation
390:Revolution
384:Revolution
338:Porfiriato
238:Background
153:MXN (
116:1925-09-01
81:99°08âČ26âłW
78:19°26âČ06âłN
2068:Monuments
2058:Languages
1931:Education
1850:Petroleum
1807:Labor law
1775:Companies
1717:President
1665:Elections
1555:Mountains
1488:Geography
1413:Caste War
1254:MUFG Bank
1149:BanCoppel
1085:Bancomext
447:banknotes
415:in 1921.
380:Porfirian
2225:Policies
2145:Category
2088:Religion
2048:Folklore
1707:Military
1685:Intersex
1643:Congress
1626:Politics
1612:Wildlife
1602:Volcanos
1443:Maximato
1310:articles
1162:BanRegio
1153:Bankaool
1144:BanBajĂo
1110:Actinver
1090:Banobras
625:See also
394:In 1911
362:and the
220:Banxico,
190:.banxico
162:Reserves
155:ISO 4217
146:Currency
125:Governor
2129:Outline
2036:Cuisine
2013:Culture
2003:Welfare
1993:Smoking
1978:Poverty
1899:Society
1875:Tourism
1748:Economy
1722:Cabinet
1540:Islands
1535:Forests
1510:Climate
1500:Borders
1318:History
1239:Banamex
1193:Inbursa
1157:Banorte
986:Sources
913:May 26,
208:Spanish
183:Website
114: (
2300:system
2199:Global
2150:Portal
2100:Sports
2031:Cinema
1961:People
1785:Energy
1648:Senate
1570:States
1565:Rivers
1505:Cities
1308:
1306:Mexico
963:Forbes
822:
580:(1982)
503:(1935)
224:Mexico
178:10.50%
140:Mexico
2349:Lists
2136:Index
2083:Radio
2073:Music
1971:Women
1936:Flags
1921:Crime
1842:Peso
1545:Lakes
889:(PDF)
771:(PDF)
764:(PDF)
681:(PDF)
663:Notes
609:]
572:]
559:]
546:]
527:]
514:]
489:]
443:coins
2041:Wine
1690:LGBT
1592:Time
975:2009
945:2020
937:XXXI
915:2019
820:ISBN
216:BdeM
202:The
192:.org
167:US$
33:Logo
2026:Art
1832:Oil
1697:Law
250:of
226:'s
222:is
218:or
194:.mx
188:www
2398::
961:.
935:.
931:.
905:.
870:^
786:^
746:^
725:.
712:^
702:.
683:.
607:es
570:es
557:es
544:es
525:es
512:es
487:es
453:,
311:.
273:.
210::
59:,
2184:e
2177:t
2170:v
1516:)
1512:(
1298:e
1291:t
1284:v
1045:e
1038:t
1031:v
977:.
947:.
917:.
828:.
780:.
740:.
706:.
687:.
206:(
157:)
118:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
