739:
725:
514:, "How Basic is Basic English?" in which he said, "It's not basic, and it's not English." The essence of his complaint is that the vocabulary is too restricted, and, as a result, the text ends up being awkward and more difficult than necessary. He also argues that the words in the Basic vocabulary were arbitrarily selected, and notes that there had been no empirical studies showing that it made language simpler.
280:. This core is theoretically enough for everyday life. However, Ogden prescribed that any student should learn an additional 150-word list for everyday work in some particular field, by adding a list of 100 words particularly useful in a general field (e.g., science, verse, business), along with a 50-word list from a more specialised subset of that general field, to make a
250:. Most notably, Ogden allowed only 18 verbs, which he called "operators". His "General Introduction" says, "There are no 'verbs' in Basic English", with the underlying assumption that, as noun use in English is very straightforward but verb use/conjugation is not, the elimination of verbs would be a welcome simplification.
288:
2000 words (the core 850 words, plus 200 international words, and 1000 words for the general fields of trade, economics, and science). It is enough for a "standard" English level. This 2000 word vocabulary represents "what any learner should know". At this level students could start to move on their own.
287:
Moreover, Ogden assumed that any student should already be familiar with (and thus may only review) a core subset of around 200 "international" words. Therefore, a first-level student should graduate with a core vocabulary of around 1200 words. A realistic general core vocabulary could contain around
1296:
The satirical force with which Orwell used
Newspeak to serve as his portrait of one of those totalitarian ideas that he saw taking root in the minds of intellectuals everywhere can be understood only if we remember that he speaks with shame about a belief that he formerly held ... From 1942 to
1301:
article put it, 'as a sort of corrective to the oratory of statesmen and publicists.' Only during the last year of the war did he write 'Politics and the
English Language,' insisting that the defense of English language has nothing to do with the setting up of a Standard
490:(or IALs), Basic English may be criticised as inevitably based on personal preferences, and is thus, paradoxically, inherently divisive. Moreover, like all natural-language-based IALs, Basic is subject to criticism as unfairly biased towards the native speaker community.
605:
and Basic
English—and in consequence the book is infused with a kind of gluttony, for food and wine, for the splendours of the recent past, and for rhetorical and ornamental language that now, with a full stomach, I find distasteful."
276:, which in practice are extended with the defined set of affixes and the full set of forms allowed for any available word (noun, pronoun, or the limited set of verbs). The 850 core words of Basic English are found in Wiktionary's
218:
Although Basic
English was not built into a program, similar simplifications have been devised for various international uses. Richards promoted its use in schools in China. It has influenced the creation of
473:
Any technical terms or special vocabulary needed for a task should be written in inverted commas and then be explained in the text using words from the Basic
English vocabulary (for example
601:, which he had previously called his magnum opus, in the preface of the 1959 reprint: "It was a bleak period of present privation and threatening disaster—the period of
1297:
1944, working as a colleague of
William Empson's, he produced a series of broadcasts to India written in Basic English, trying to use its programmed simplicity, as a
1321:
234:
What survives of Ogden's Basic
English is the basic 850-word list used as the beginner's vocabulary of the English language taught worldwide, especially in Asia.
198:
of the
University of Cambridge in England. The design of Basic English drew heavily on the semiotic theory put forward by Ogden and Richards in their 1923 book
2871:
2715:
2655:
292:
1408:, Joseph Albert Lauwerys, F. J. Daniels, Robert A. Hall Jr., London: Basic English Foundation, 1966. An answer to Robert A. Hall, Jr.'s criticism.
296:
1035:
902:
2851:
2750:
1723:
1557:
494:
180:
1189:
535:, a work noted for a wide vocabulary. Shannon notes that the lack of vocabulary in Basic English leads to a very high level of
518:
281:
2800:
2585:
1653:
1068:
833:
828:
224:
1413:
277:
2820:
1893:
1778:
1502:
921:
885:
1134:
1109:
1084:
2301:
865:
2406:
1526:
1159:
242:
Ogden tried to simplify
English while keeping it normal for native speakers, by specifying grammar restrictions and a
1437:
1289:
778:
311:
Basic
English includes a simple grammar for modifying or combining its 850 words to talk about additional meanings (
2856:
2205:
487:
176:
1508:
211:
victory in World War II as a means for world peace. He was convinced that the world needed to gradually eradicate
2453:
2249:
20:
2770:
2210:
1716:
1360:
497:, Basic English has been criticised for the choice of the core vocabulary and for its grammatical constraints.
2810:
2503:
2465:
1671:
1460:
971:
2805:
2458:
2278:
2095:
1916:
1587:
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823:
730:
228:
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2181:
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1769:
1736:
1732:
1483:
549:
243:
2765:
2480:
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1749:
1701:
1517:
1383:
466:
International words, words that are the same or similar in English and other European languages (e.g.
2861:
2745:
2271:
2229:
2200:
2132:
2100:
1709:
1530:
1521:
1512:
207:
Ogden's Basic, and the concept of a simplified English, gained its greatest publicity just after the
2470:
2424:
2323:
2296:
2261:
2156:
2027:
1611:
793:
536:
312:
300:
1499:— Detect words which are not in a given dictionary, Ogden's Basic English dictionary list included
1045:
2682:
2515:
2333:
2308:
1566:
1543:
97:
1496:
1281:
1266:
773:
561:
of a new elite that after a prolonged struggle succeeds in uniting the world and establishing a
470:), use the English form. English forms are also used for numbers, dates, money, or measurements.
2597:
2575:
2379:
2076:
2045:
1923:
758:
648:
208:
200:
2493:
1535:
568:. In the future world of Wells' vision, virtually all members of humanity know this language.
539:, whereas Joyce's large vocabulary "is alleged to achieve a compression of semantic content".
2795:
2580:
2475:
2188:
2122:
1876:
1866:
1861:
1646:
798:
763:
2788:
788:
2217:
2110:
2050:
1928:
1901:
1818:
1605:
1209:
618:
597:
585:
510:
64:
1246:
8:
2815:
2645:
2637:
2535:
2498:
2384:
2369:
2244:
2234:
2161:
2000:
929:
906:
156:
2705:
2672:
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2590:
2445:
2266:
1813:
1803:
1689:
1628:
1593:
1237:
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614:
576:
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2419:
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2105:
1881:
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215:
and use as much as possible only one: English, in either a simple or complete form.
212:
195:
172:
131:
37:
2401:
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2783:
2735:
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2570:
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2142:
2087:
1985:
1967:
1954:
1791:
1786:
1241:
1233:
986:
638:
565:
388:) to words that Basic English calls "qualities" (adjectives that describe objects).
220:
160:
92:
1422:, p. 270-275, Poznań, Univ. Adam Mickiewicz, 333 pp., ISBN 9788365483539
1340:
It was possible to establish a one-to-one relationship with Basic English so that
2700:
2602:
2540:
2510:
2318:
2193:
2014:
1990:
1962:
1933:
1906:
1871:
1758:
1599:
1464:
1441:
1040:
967:
925:
889:
869:
744:
562:
231:, another English-based controlled language designed to write technical manuals.
918:
882:
254:
What the World needs most is about 1,000 more dead languages—and one more alive.
2775:
2690:
2650:
2550:
2374:
2127:
2032:
2022:
1938:
1740:
1138:
1113:
1088:
808:
610:
531:
522:
107:
81:
1505:— some criticisms of Basic English and suggestions for overcoming its problems
862:
2845:
2825:
2396:
2313:
2254:
2166:
2117:
1995:
1977:
1273:
998:
803:
572:
558:
505:
191:
1167:
990:
2328:
2176:
2055:
1476:
838:
592:
88:
1434:
629:, as an appropriate means of communication for a race of genius supermen.
1356:
1261:
813:
554:
526:
501:
1450:
1400:
Learning Basic English: A Practical Handbook for English-Speaking People
2239:
1731:
1493:, 1954 translation of Ogden's Basic English Course for Spanish Speakers
602:
459:) or a noun and a preposition, which Basic English calls "directives" (
316:
273:
247:
164:
1473:, Ongoing project to support and update Ogden's Basic (with downloads)
1796:
622:
440:
Both pronouns and what Basic English calls "operators" (a set of ten
148:
120:
575:
was a proponent of Basic English, but in 1945 he became critical of
1823:
818:
738:
580:
1457:
1224:
Shannon, Claude (1948). "A Mathematical Theory of Communication".
2760:
2755:
2565:
1911:
1838:
1833:
1338:. Signet Science Fiction (New American Library). pp. 52–53.
768:
724:
626:
168:
1470:
641:
has been often used for an impressionistic language comparison:
153:
British American Scientific International and Commercial English
1828:
1808:
1565:
1479:, a discussion about Basic English, with supporters and critics
190:
The first work on Basic English was written by two Englishmen,
956:. K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Company, Limited. p. 21.
625:, in which every Basic English word is replaced with a single
1490:
1467:, Ogden's books and word lists online and several discussions
1435:
Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar
972:"The application of C.K. Ogden's semiotics in Basic English"
954:
Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar
917:
For instance, by proponents of Essential World English. See
444:) use the different forms they have in English (for example
185:
Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar
1207:
Flesch, R. F. (March 1944). "How Basic is Basic English?".
655:
441:
455:
Compound words can be formed by combining two nouns (e.g.
1411:(eo) Vĕra Barandovská-Frank, (2020), Basic English, In:
525:
contrasted the limited vocabulary of Basic English with
720:
319:). The grammar is based on English, but simplified.
1260:
883:
the list of words which are assumed and not counted
1265:
680:as we have made those free who are in debt to us.
171:. It was created by the linguist and philosopher
2843:
1454:, Cambridge: The Orthological Institute. (1937)e
860:Towards a People's English: Back to BASIC in EIL
1085:"Ogden's "International Word" List—Alphabetic"
2872:Constructed languages introduced in the 1930s
1717:
1551:
664:
2075:
1268:ABC: The Alphabetization of the Popular Mind
1135:"Ogden's Basic English Combined Word Lists"
1061:The Elements of International English Style
433:is used in questions, as it is in English (
2751:Comparison of American and British English
1724:
1710:
1558:
1544:
579:. Basic English later inspired his use of
1690:Japanese-Language Proficiency Test / JLPT
1402:, New York: W. W. Norton & Co. (1945)
1245:
966:
707:And do not bring us to the time of trial,
2444:
1418:Enkonduko en la sciencon pri planlingvoj
1333:
1187:
183:. It was presented in Ogden's 1930 book
1509:Records of the Basic English Foundation
1398:I. A. Richards & Christine Gibson,
1223:
979:Language Problems and Language Planning
361:Adjectives are formed with the endings
284:vocabulary for everyday work and life.
2844:
1206:
1200:
928:for instance and, again, the linguist
901:For instance, a sample quotation from
542:
519:A Mathematical Theory of Communication
1705:
1654:Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language
1539:
1355:
1313:
1058:
1019:
951:
834:Standard Marine Communication Phrases
705:as we also have forgiven our debtors.
676:Give us this day bread for our needs.
475:the 'vocabulary' is the list of words
399:are used for comparison (for example
2821:Non-native pronunciations of English
1451:Basic English and Grammatical Reform
1377:
1334:Heinlein, Robert A. (1953). "Gulf".
237:
1349:
1188:Harrison, Rick (24 February 1997).
684:but keep us safe from the Evil One.
13:
1477:The Reference Shelf Vol. 17. No. 1
1392:
1238:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
1110:"Ogden's Basic English Next Steps"
1044:. 31 December 1945. Archived from
682:And let us not be put to the test,
665:
342:Nouns are formed with the endings
323:Plural nouns are formed by adding
14:
2888:
2852:International auxiliary languages
1426:
1344:was equivalent to an entire word.
1226:The Bell System Technical Journal
1190:"Farewell to Auxiliary Languages"
1166:. January 1, 1996. Archived from
903:the auxlang mailing list archives
709:but rescue us from the evil one.
701:Give us this day our daily bread.
488:international auxiliary languages
16:English-based controlled language
1063:. M. E. Sharpe. pp. 17–18.
905:and another from noted linguist
858:A good summary in Bill Templer:
737:
723:
380:Adverbs can be formed by adding
272:Ogden's word lists include only
246:which makes an extensive use of
177:international auxiliary language
163:, but with a greatly simplified
1327:
1307:
1254:
1217:
1181:
1152:
1127:
911:
895:
2771:English-based creole languages
1247:11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2
1102:
1077:
1052:
1028:
1013:
960:
945:
875:
852:
678:And make us free of our debts,
595:criticized his own 1945 novel
557:depicted Basic English as the
299:serve as dictionaries for the
297:Special English 1500 word list
1:
2811:List of English-based pidgins
1672:Test of Proficiency in Korean
938:
418:Negatives can be formed with
267:
179:, and as an aid for teaching
2806:Linguistic purism in English
1588:Simplified Technical English
1365:. Cambridge University Press
863:Humanising Language Teaching
731:Constructed languages portal
699:on earth as it is in heaven.
495:English as a second language
481:
293:Basic English 2000 word list
229:Simplified Technical English
181:English as a second language
7:
1907:London & Thames Estuary
1647:Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi / HSK
1527:Ogden Manuscript Collection
1022:The System of Basic English
1020:Ogden, Charles Kay (1934).
952:Ogden, Charles Kay (1932).
716:
668:may your name be kept holy.
550:The Shape of Things to Come
261:The System of Basic English
244:controlled small vocabulary
227:for news broadcasting, and
55:controlled natural language
10:
2893:
2766:English as a lingua franca
1497:Simple English Helper Tool
674:as in heaven, so on earth.
672:Let your pleasure be done,
632:
613:", science fiction writer
411:may appear in common use (
194:of Harvard University and
18:
2746:Broad and general accents
2728:
2681:
2656:regional and occupational
2636:
2623:
2616:
2528:
2489:
2437:
2415:
2355:
2287:
2152:
2141:
2086:
2068:
2041:
2013:
1976:
1953:
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1854:
1777:
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1681:
1663:
1638:
1621:
1574:
1531:University College London
1522:University College London
1513:University College London
1059:Weiss, Edmond H. (2005).
868:December 4, 2008, at the
703:And forgive us our debts,
653:
646:
130:
118:
113:
103:
78:
59:
51:
43:
33:
28:
1612:New General Service List
1406:Basic English: A Protest
1264:; Barry Sanders (1988).
924:August 18, 2006, at the
845:
794:New General Service List
508:published an article in
327:or related forms, as in
313:morphological derivation
306:
301:Simple English Knowledge
19:Not to be confused with
2857:Technical communication
1567:Word lists by frequency
1503:Essential World English
1458:Ogden.Basic-English.org
1314:Waugh, Evelyn (1959) .
1232:(3): 379–423, 623–656.
1036:"Education: Globalingo"
991:10.1075/lplp.39.2.05mce
295:and Voice of America's
278:Basic English word list
98:Unified English Braille
1924:Received Pronunciation
1489:Augusto Ghio Del'Rio,
1362:Bible in Basic English
1359:(1965). "Matthew, 6".
1336:Assignment in Eternity
759:Bible in Basic English
693:hallowed be your name.
670:Let your kingdom come.
493:As a teaching aid for
265:
201:The Meaning of Meaning
2118:Multicultural Toronto
1445:, London: Paul Treber
1164:Ogden's Basic English
799:International English
764:Controlled vocabulary
691:Our Father in heaven,
666:Our Father in heaven,
553:, published in 1933,
252:
2279:Western Pennsylvania
1606:General Service List
1484:Basic English Course
1316:Brideshead Revisited
1048:on 14 November 2011.
774:Français Fondamental
619:constructed language
598:Brideshead Revisited
586:Nineteen Eighty-Four
65:Constructed language
2816:Mid-Atlantic accent
2407:Trinidad and Tobago
1569:and number of words
1482:Charles Kay Ogden,
1448:Charles Kay Ogden,
1432:Charles Kay Ogden,
1342:one phonetic symbol
1213:. pp. 339–343.
930:Robert A. Hall, Jr.
907:Robert A. Hall, Jr.
779:Vocabolario di base
577:universal languages
543:Literary references
517:In his 1948 paper "
157:controlled language
2877:1930 introductions
2867:Controlled English
2339:Pennsylvania Dutch
1629:Academic Word List
1463:2012-11-20 at the
1440:2016-03-12 at the
1160:"Rules of Grammar"
1024:. Harcourt, Brace.
888:2021-02-27 at the
824:Simplified English
754:Academic word list
697:Your will be done,
695:Your kingdom come.
615:Robert A. Heinlein
571:From 1942 to 1944
213:minority languages
159:based on standard
2839:
2838:
2724:
2723:
2524:
2523:
2433:
2432:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2272:Pacific Northwest
2133:Standard Canadian
2064:
2063:
2009:
2008:
1949:
1948:
1699:
1698:
1471:Basic-English.org
1324:available online.
1318:. New York: Dell.
1278:North Point Press
1210:Harper's Magazine
1070:978-0-7656-1572-5
714:
713:
511:Harper's Magazine
435:Do you have some?
238:Design principles
196:Charles Kay Ogden
173:Charles Kay Ogden
142:
141:
52:Setting and usage
38:Charles Kay Ogden
2884:
2862:English language
2736:English language
2621:
2620:
2442:
2441:
2425:Falkland Islands
2324:General American
2297:African-American
2150:
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1414:Interlingvistiko
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1249:
1221:
1215:
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1204:
1198:
1197:
1196:on 16 July 2012.
1192:. Archived from
1185:
1179:
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1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1137:. Archived from
1131:
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1112:. Archived from
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1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1087:. Archived from
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1025:
1017:
1011:
1010:
976:
968:McElvenny, James
964:
958:
957:
949:
932:
919:a summary of EWE
915:
909:
899:
893:
879:
873:
856:
829:Learning English
747:
742:
741:
733:
728:
727:
686:
685:
644:
643:
566:world government
263:
225:Learning English
221:Voice of America
138:
123:
93:English alphabet
84:
26:
25:
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2520:
2516:Solomon Islands
2485:
2429:
2411:
2343:
2334:New York Latino
2309:American Indian
2289:
2283:
2144:
2137:
2078:
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2046:Channel Islands
2037:
2005:
1972:
1945:
1888:
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1744:
1730:
1700:
1695:
1677:
1659:
1634:
1617:
1600:Special English
1570:
1564:
1465:Wayback Machine
1442:Wayback Machine
1429:
1395:
1393:Further reading
1390:
1389:
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1354:
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926:Wayback Machine
916:
912:
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890:Wayback Machine
880:
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870:Wayback Machine
857:
853:
848:
843:
745:Language portal
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647:Basic English (
635:
545:
484:
309:
282:basic 1000-word
270:
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96:
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74:
34:Created by
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2776:Englishisation
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2698:
2693:
2687:
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2683:Southeast Asia
2679:
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2665:
2660:
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2648:
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2640:
2634:
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2618:
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2605:
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2598:South Atlantic
2595:
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2578:
2573:
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2380:Cayman Islands
2377:
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2293:
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2290:ethno-cultural
2285:
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2281:
2276:
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2269:
2259:
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2257:
2252:
2247:
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2237:
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2215:
2214:
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2208:
2198:
2197:
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2186:
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2169:
2159:
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2147:
2139:
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2125:
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2115:
2114:
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2108:
2098:
2092:
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2081:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1882:Stoke-on-Trent
1879:
1874:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1852:
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1843:
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1806:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1741:Modern English
1729:
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1714:
1706:
1697:
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1693:
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1597:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1534:
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1515:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1455:
1446:
1428:
1427:External links
1425:
1424:
1423:
1409:
1403:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1384:Matthew 6:9–13
1376:
1348:
1326:
1306:
1290:
1253:
1216:
1199:
1180:
1151:
1126:
1101:
1076:
1069:
1051:
1027:
1012:
985:(2): 187–204.
970:(2015-10-22).
959:
943:
942:
940:
937:
934:
933:
910:
894:
874:
850:
849:
847:
844:
842:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
809:Plain language
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
750:
749:
748:
734:
718:
715:
712:
711:
688:
660:
659:
652:
634:
631:
609:In his story "
544:
541:
532:Finnegans Wake
523:Claude Shannon
483:
480:
479:
478:
471:
464:
453:
438:
427:
416:
389:
378:
359:
340:
308:
305:
269:
266:
256:
239:
236:
140:
139:
134:
128:
127:
124:
116:
115:
114:Language codes
111:
110:
108:Modern English
105:
101:
100:
86:
82:Writing system
79:
76:
75:
73:
72:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
30:
21:Simple English
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2889:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
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2855:
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2847:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
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2809:
2807:
2804:
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2799:
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2796:International
2794:
2790:
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2779:
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2769:
2767:
2764:
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2757:
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2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
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2717:
2714:
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2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
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2674:
2671:
2669:
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2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
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2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2622:
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2615:
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2606:
2604:
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2596:
2592:
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2557:
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2537:
2534:
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2527:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:Torres Strait
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
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2426:
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2418:
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2398:
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2327:
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2298:
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2286:
2280:
2277:
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2270:
2268:
2265:
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2263:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2211:North-Central
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2189:New York City
2187:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Ottawa Valley
2121:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:Multicultural
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Black Country
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1867:West Midlands
1865:
1863:
1862:East Midlands
1860:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
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1827:
1825:
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1756:
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1691:
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1624:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:Basic English
1580:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:Ogden Library
1516:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1491:Inglés Básico
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:
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1443:
1439:
1436:
1431:
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1421:
1419:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1385:
1380:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1293:
1291:0-86547-291-2
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:San Francisco
1270:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1170:on 2016-05-13
1169:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1141:on 2021-04-19
1140:
1136:
1130:
1116:on 2020-11-13
1115:
1111:
1105:
1091:on 2021-02-27
1090:
1086:
1080:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
969:
963:
955:
948:
944:
931:
927:
923:
920:
914:
908:
904:
898:
891:
887:
884:
878:
871:
867:
864:
861:
855:
851:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
804:Plain English
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
784:
783:Basic Italian
781:(in Italian:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
746:
740:
735:
732:
726:
721:
710:
689:
687:
662:
661:
657:
650:
645:
642:
640:
639:Lord's Prayer
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
604:
600:
599:
594:
590:
588:
587:
582:
578:
574:
573:George Orwell
569:
567:
564:
560:
559:lingua franca
556:
552:
551:
547:In the novel
540:
538:
534:
533:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
512:
507:
506:Rudolf Flesch
503:
498:
496:
491:
489:
476:
472:
469:
465:
462:
458:
454:
451:
450:He goes to me
447:
443:
439:
436:
432:
428:
425:
421:
417:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
387:
384:(for example
383:
379:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:
320:
318:
314:
304:
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
283:
279:
275:
262:
259:C. K. Ogden,
255:
251:
249:
245:
235:
232:
230:
226:
222:
216:
214:
210:
205:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:Ivor Richards
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:Basic English
135:
133:
129:
125:
122:
117:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
94:
90:
87:
83:
77:
71:
70:Basic English
68:
67:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
29:Basic English
27:
22:
2740:
2581:South Africa
2576:Sierra Leone
2329:Miami Latino
2218:Philadelphia
2206:Inland North
2111:Newfoundland
1929:West Country
1743:by continent
1581:
1449:
1433:
1415:
1412:
1405:
1399:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1361:
1357:Hooke, S. H.
1351:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1322:preface text
1315:
1309:
1298:
1295:
1267:
1262:Illich, Ivan
1256:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1208:
1202:
1194:the original
1183:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:the original
1163:
1154:
1143:. Retrieved
1139:the original
1129:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:the original
1104:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:the original
1079:
1060:
1054:
1046:the original
1039:
1030:
1021:
1015:
982:
978:
962:
953:
947:
913:
897:
892:for details.
877:
859:
854:
839:Swadesh list
782:
690:
663:
636:
608:
596:
593:Evelyn Waugh
591:
584:
570:
563:totalitarian
548:
546:
530:
516:
509:
499:
492:
485:
474:
467:
460:
456:
449:
445:
434:
430:
423:
419:
412:
408:
404:
401:more complex
400:
396:
392:
385:
381:
374:
370:
366:
362:
355:
351:
347:
343:
336:
332:
328:
324:
310:
290:
286:
271:
260:
253:
248:paraphrasing
241:
233:
217:
206:
199:
189:
184:
152:
144:
143:
69:
2706:Philippines
2499:New Zealand
2385:Bay Islands
2365:The Bahamas
2288:Social and
2245:New Orleans
2162:New England
2056:Isle of Man
2001:Port Talbot
1902:East Anglia
1819:Northumbria
1280:. pp.
814:Readability
555:H. G. Wells
527:James Joyce
502:readability
446:I go to him
137:en-basiceng
2846:Categories
2646:Bangladesh
2638:South Asia
2591:Cape Flats
2541:The Gambia
2466:Aboriginal
2302:vernacular
2267:California
2240:High Tider
2235:Appalachia
2096:Aboriginal
2028:South-West
1872:Birmingham
1829:Sunderland
1814:Manchester
1804:Lancashire
1174:2018-11-01
1145:2008-11-27
1120:2009-08-19
1095:2008-11-26
939:References
603:soya beans
537:redundancy
391:The words
317:inflection
274:word roots
268:Word lists
165:vocabulary
2711:Singapore
2673:Sri Lanka
2628:Hong Kong
2454:variation
2446:Australia
2357:Caribbean
2223:Baltimore
2106:Lunenburg
2051:Gibraltar
1968:Highlands
1846:Yorkshire
1809:Liverpool
1688:list for
1670:list for
1652:list for
1645:list for
1007:148343056
999:0272-2690
654:English (
623:Speedtalk
500:In 1944,
486:Like all
482:Criticism
429:The word
337:countries
149:backronym
121:ISO 639-3
2831:Standard
2801:Learning
2789:Nerrière
2780:Globish
2696:Malaysia
2668:Pakistan
2608:Zimbabwe
2536:Cameroon
2370:Barbados
2101:Atlantic
2069:Americas
1986:Abercraf
1955:Scotland
1934:Cornwall
1855:Midlands
1839:Teesside
1834:Tyneside
1824:Pitmatic
1787:Cheshire
1733:Dialects
1682:Japanese
1674:(10,635)
1461:Archived
1438:Archived
1369:22 April
1302:English.
922:Archived
886:Archived
866:Archived
819:Seaspeak
717:See also
581:Newspeak
356:building
348:prisoner
291:Ogden's
257:—
2761:Engrish
2756:E-Prime
2729:Related
2716:Vietnam
2701:Myanmar
2571:Nigeria
2566:Namibia
2556:Liberia
2438:Oceania
2420:Bermuda
2392:Jamaica
2319:Chicano
2157:Midland
2143:United
2079:America
2015:Ireland
1991:Cardiff
1963:Glasgow
1912:Cockney
1792:Cumbria
1770:England
1761:Britain
1737:accents
1656:(~8600)
1639:Chinese
1622:Add-ons
1614:(~2800)
1602:(~1500)
1594:Globish
1575:English
1320:. Full
1299:Tribune
789:Globish
769:E-Prime
633:Samples
627:phoneme
621:called
617:used a
504:expert
457:soapbox
413:cheaper
403:), but
386:tightly
367:boiling
346:(as in
169:grammar
161:English
155:) is a
104:Sources
60:Purpose
2784:Gogate
2691:Brunei
2603:Uganda
2586:accent
2561:Malawi
2529:Africa
2504:accent
2459:accent
2402:Samaná
2375:Bequia
2194:accent
2167:Boston
2145:States
2128:Quebec
2088:Canada
2077:North
2033:Ulster
2023:Dublin
1939:Dorset
1797:Barrow
1759:Great
1750:Europe
1692:(8009)
1664:Korean
1649:(8848)
1608:(2000)
1596:(1500)
1590:(~875)
1486:(1930)
1288:
1067:
1005:
997:
424:unwise
329:drinks
209:Allied
175:as an
2826:Plain
2741:Basic
2663:Nepal
2651:India
2551:Kenya
2546:Ghana
2511:Palau
2471:South
2314:Cajun
2255:Texas
2250:Older
2230:South
2201:North
2177:Maine
1996:Gower
1978:Wales
1894:South
1779:North
1631:(570)
1584:(850)
1420:(PDF)
1003:S2CID
975:(PDF)
846:Notes
468:radio
461:sunup
442:verbs
375:mixed
369:) or
350:) or
335:, or
333:boxes
307:Rules
89:Latin
2617:Asia
2494:Fiji
2481:West
2397:Saba
2262:West
2182:West
2172:East
1735:and
1371:2021
1286:ISBN
1065:ISBN
1041:Time
995:ISSN
881:See
656:NRSV
637:The
611:Gulf
409:-est
407:and
397:most
395:and
393:more
363:-ing
352:-ing
167:and
151:for
132:IETF
47:1925
44:Date
1739:of
1529:at
1520:at
1511:at
1282:109
1242:hdl
1234:doi
987:doi
649:BBE
583:in
529:'s
521:",
420:un-
405:-er
382:-ly
371:-ed
344:-er
315:or
223:'s
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147:(a
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431:do
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377:).
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331:,
325:-s
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204:.
1725:e
1718:t
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