652:
accordance with the highest
European standards, and are not discriminated against by the state language having preferential status. The language law declares that "the Slovak language enjoys a preferential status over other languages spoken on the territory of the Slovak Republic." As a result of a 2009 amendment, a fine of up to €5,000 may be imposed for a misdemeanor from the regulations protecting the preferential status of the state language, e.g. if the name of a shop or a business is indicated on a sign-board first in the minority language and only after it in Slovak, or if in a bilingual text, the minority language part is written with bigger fonts than its Slovak equivalent, or if the bilingual text on a monument is translated from the minority language to the dominant language and not vice versa, or if a civil servant or doctor communicates with a minority speaker citizen in a minority language in a local community where the proportion of the minority speakers is less than 20%.
743:). The first census, held in 1846, was widely regarded as scholarly reliable regarding the numbers of speakers; however, from the second linguistic census of 1886 onwards, the methodology of the census changed, pressure on citizens to report speaking or knowing the French language increased, more and more cases of fraud were found, and the reliability of the results was increasingly questioned by scholars and Flemish activists. For example, a 1933 investigation concluded that in 22 of the 23 language border municipalities in which the 1930 census was conducted, the results were incorrect, and in each case, the incorrect results favoured the French language; moreover, some 'language inspectors' tasked with checking the accuracy results had received death threats. The legal effect of the censuses was that certain previously monolingually-Dutch municipalities became bilingual or even monolingually-French, and further stimulated the
200:
163:
the group becomes placed in a minority position." Owens (2013) pointed out that these criteria are 'useful', but in practice, many suggested "minority languages" cannot fulfill all four criteria simultaneously; for example, some members of proposed linguistic minorities do not self-categorise with it, or do not claim common descent with all other members. Finally, the social organisation of a linguistic minority into a (political) minority position is problematic for various reasons, such as situations in which the politically dominant linguistic group in society is outnumbered by a politically marginalised group. As an example, Owens stated that French-speaking colonists (
25:
1733:
1623:
1172:
796:
551:
412:
1582:
533:). The dominant culture may consider use of immigrant minority languages to be a threat to unity, indicating that such communities are not integrating into the larger culture. Both of these perceived threats are based on the notion of the exclusion of the majority language speakers. Often this is added to by political systems by not providing support (such as education and policing) in these languages.
651:
In
Slovakia for example, the Hungarian community generally considers the 'language law' enacted in 1995 to be discriminatory and inconsistent with the European Charter for the Protection of Regional or Minority languages. The Majority Slovaks believed that minority speakers' rights are guaranteed, in
162:
Ethno-social definitions: Allardt (1984) proposed a definition of "minority language" based on four criteria: "self-categorization, common descent, distinctive linguistic, cultural or historic traits related to language, social organization of the interaction of language groups in such a fashion that
142:
Demographic definitions: 'Minority languages are those whose speakers are fewer than those of another group(s), within a defined area.' In highly linguistically diverse areas, this can mean that even the largest language community is smaller than 50% of the total population of that area (a "plurality
1920:
notion of treasure fit the idea of something that had been buried and almost lost, but was being rediscovered and now shown and shared. And the word treasure also evoked the notion of something belonging exclusively to the Rama people, who now attributed it real value and had become eager and proud
536:
Speakers of majority languages can and do learn minority languages, through the large number of courses available. It is not known whether most students of minority languages are members of the minority community re-connecting with the community's language, or others seeking to become familiar with
154:
Socio-political definitions: 'Minority languages are those which a given population perceives to be minority ones', or even 'those languages whose speakers, the linguistic minority, feel their language as threatened.' Such definitions have several issues in that they tend to be subjective, used for
508:
Minority languages may be marginalised within nations for a number of reasons. These include having a relatively small number of speakers, a decline in the number of speakers, and popular belief that these speakers are uncultured, or primitive, or the minority language is a dialect of the dominant
358:
as
English, French or Russian as minority languages, even if they are spoken by minority populations. The symbolic, cultural and political power vested in such world languages empowers any demographically minority population to such a degree that any additional rights (for example, the status of a
709:
area in to
Belgium also led to a movement for the recognition of German as a local minority language. By 1930, a rough agreement had emerged that Belgian citizens should be able to communicate with the authorities in their native language in the municipalities where it constituted the majority of
647:
Views differ as to whether the protection of official languages by a state representing the majority speakers violates the human rights of minority speakers. In March 2013, Rita Izsák, UN Independent Expert on minority issues, said that "protection of linguistic minority rights is a human rights
309:"non-territorial languages" means languages used by nationals of the State which differ from the language or languages used by the rest of the State's population but which, although traditionally used within the territory of the State, cannot be identified with a particular area thereof.
137:
There is no scholarly consensus on what a "minority language" is, because various different standards have been applied in order to classify languages as "minority language" or not. According to Owens (2013), attempts to define minority languages generally fall into several categories:
303:"territory in which the regional or minority language is used" means the geographical area in which the said language is the mode of expression of a number of people justifying the adoption of the various protective and promotional measures provided for in this Charter;
727:
were considered "bilingual" if speakers of a minority language constituted at least 30% of the municipal population, which meant that the linguistic minority was entitled to certain rights. To determine these percentages, reference was made to the linguistic census
359:
minority language) granted to their given world language may precipitate the rapid decline of the state (national) language in favor of the world language. That is the situation in
Belarus, where after 1995 Russian empowered as an 'equal co-official language'
1024:
province, Serbia, with (30,000 speakers), but it does not have official status in Serbia, where another 5300 speakers live outside this province. Note: Ethnologue estimates 250,000 Romanian speakers in Serbia. It is a minority language in northwestern
892:
These are languages that have the status of a national language and are spoken by the majority population in at least one country, but lack recognition in other countries, even where there is a significant minority linguistic community:
747:. The most controversial language census of 1947 led to an uproar of Flemish protest and the eventual abolition of the controversial language censuses. Finally, the Belgian language border was made permanent in 1963. The remaining 27
397:
minority communities. In Canada, the term "minority language" is generally understood to mean whichever of the official languages is less spoken in a particular province or territory (i.e., English in Québec, French elsewhere).
1825:, the Francophone parents of an estimated potential of 49 to 155 students were entitled to a French-language primary school within town rather than having to bus their children to another Francophone school 57 kilometres away.
2229:
1109:
is controversial because the majority of the population (63.49%) declared
Serbian to be their mother tongue. Serbian was an official language there until 2007, when Montenegro ratified a new constitution.
755:, which held that the facilities were temporary measures that should eventually be abolished after the French-speaking minorities in the Dutch-language area had sufficiently learnt the Dutch language.
384:
1157:. Apart from these countries, there are native speakers in Bulgaria (8,4% of the population) and Syria (the third most widely used language), but it lacks minority language status.
648:
obligation and an essential component of good governance, efforts to prevent tensions and conflict, and the construction of equal and politically and socially stable societies".
509:
language. Support for minority languages is sometimes viewed as supporting separatism, for example, the ongoing revival of the Celtic languages in the
British Isles and France (
2357:
1059:, likely for historical reasons following Russian dominance during the Soviet Union era. (More than 25% of the population in the latter two nations are Russian speakers).
2559:
2221:
1818:
286:
traditionally used within a given territory of a State by nationals of that State who form a group numerically smaller than the rest of the State's population; and
105:
spoken worldwide, the vast majority of languages are minority languages in every country in which they are spoken. Some minority languages are simultaneously also
1850:
1268:
Linguistic communities that form no majority of population in any country, but whose language has the status of an official language in at least one country:
1913:, and "ethnic language", names that are considered pejorative in the local context. The term is now also used in the context of public storytelling events.
2401:
1953:
1885:
261:
204:
1978:
2308:
1857:
1942:
1743:
781:
qualified under this criterion as a co-official language at the state level, and in certain municipalities, and was thus recognised as such.
658:
are often not recognized as true natural languages, although extensive research supports the case that they are independent languages.
351:. Refraining from signing or ratifying the Charter is also caused by the refusal (for instance, in Estonia or Malta) to recognize such
1813:
705:) first recognised Dutch as equal to French in judicial matters (legal documents). The 1919 annexation of the mostly German-speaking
2425:
974:(1,447,544 speakers, 6.7% of the population), in those communities where the Hungarian speakers exceed 20% of the population; in
748:
389:
1695:
1236:
860:
615:
476:
2368:
1667:
1208:
832:
587:
448:
2551:
2483:
1443:
232:
2634:
2003:
1829:
2224:
Language Policy and
Discourse on Languages in Ukraine Under President Viktor Yanukovych (25 February 2010–28 October 2012)
2199:
1916:
The term "treasure language" references the desire of speakers to sustain the use of their mother tongue into the future:
751:
have been a continuous source of controversy in
Belgian politics, focusing on the interpretation and legality of the 1997
143:
language" rather than a "majority language"). As an example, de Vries (1990) pointed out that at the time, the country of
1843:
1674:
1215:
839:
594:
455:
1644:
1595:
1189:
813:
568:
429:
2611:
2523:
1791:
1773:
1714:
1609:
1255:
879:
774:
665:
have also struggled for their recognition. They are used primarily as second languages and have few native speakers.
634:
495:
68:
46:
2450:
1652:
39:
1822:
1681:
1222:
846:
601:
462:
2065:
1836:
674:
394:
199:
2393:
185:), leaving open the question which language should be considered a "minority language" or not in this situation.
155:
political campaigning to urge political and legal institutions to officially recognise them, and to suffer from
97:
of a territory. Such people are termed linguistic minorities or language minorities. With a total number of 196
1648:
1193:
817:
572:
433:
2529:
1663:
1555:: 1,350,000 native (first or second language) speakers, more with some knowledge, regional official status in
1537:: 87,000 people with some ability, 57,375 of which are first and second language speakers. Official status in
1327:: 13 million first or second language speakers (16 million speakers with basic knowledge), official status in
1204:
828:
583:
444:
2008:
2169:
766:
297:
it does not include either dialects of the official language(s) of the State or the languages of migrants;
2658:
1901:
is one of the thousands of small languages still spoken in the world today. The term was proposed by the
2296:
1122:
1933:
which describes an end-state for a language where individuals are more fluent in a dominant language.
724:
102:
710:
speakers. According to the "Law of 28 June 1932 on the use of languages in administrative matters" (
1633:
744:
364:
360:
151:, constituted only 19% of the total Cameroonian population, and was thus a minority in the country.
33:
1988:
1637:
1455:
1182:
806:
561:
422:
1958:
1755:
1688:
1601:
1229:
1130:
1070:
853:
608:
469:
380:
50:
2473:
1993:
1948:
1806:
1138:
1086:
368:
769:, with any language spoken by more than 20% of the population becoming co-official with the
2013:
1864:
1751:
118:
2192:"Tomasz Kamusella. 2021. Russian and English: Minority Languages in Europe? (pp 137-150).
2147:
Hult, F.M. (2004). "Planning for multilingualism and minority language rights in Sweden",
101:
recognized internationally (as of 2019) and an estimated number of roughly 5,000 to 7,000
8:
2422:
1963:
1926:
1910:
1487:
1349:
989:
770:
662:
332:
114:
2504:"On the revitalization of a 'treasure language': The Rama Language Project of Nicaragua"
125:
are often considered minority languages, insofar as they are the national language of a
2442:
1973:
1552:
1373:
1324:
955:
911:
2273:
1161:
2607:
2519:
2479:
2028:
1998:
1968:
1930:
1906:
1564:: 125,000 native (first or second language) speakers; regional co-official status in
1561:
1520:
1465:
1389:
1017:
897:
778:
752:
265:
257:
236:
122:
106:
1497:
2511:
1506:
1353:
1337:
1315:
1289:
1114:
1062:
1036:
694:
526:
178:
126:
2601:
2515:
2429:
1983:
1871:
1542:
1534:
1524:
1486:: 291,470 native speakers (1.66 million with some knowledge), official status in
1439:
1433:
1393:
1383:
1298:
1010:(51,000 speakers), but it is not officially recognized as a minority language in
1003:
921:
762:
758:
736:
682:
530:
518:
340:
182:
98:
2475:
Legal
Integration and Language Diversity: Rethinking Translation in EU Lawmaking
2274:"Protection of minority languages is a human rights obligation, UN expert says"
2191:
2018:
1491:
1483:
1429:
1421:
1386:: 4.8 million speakers, a minority language in the Netherlands, and in Germany.
1272:
1098:
1007:
967:
918:(4,300 speakers), but not officially recognized as minority language in Greece.
915:
729:
711:
698:
690:
686:
655:
514:
510:
363:. The Charter was employed to achieve the same effect in Ukraine after 2010 by
355:
170:
110:
90:
2652:
1878:
1546:
720:
Loi du 28 juin 1932 relative à l'emploi des langues en matière administrative
706:
522:
148:
1514:
272:. For the purposes of the Charter, it stipulated the following definitions:
1328:
253:
156:
2358:"The implementation of the Ohrid Agreement: Ethnic Macedonian resentments"
1817:: a 2000 Supreme Court of Canada decision which determined that, based on
2023:
1902:
1510:
1501:
1469:
1407:
966:
province (293,000 speakers). It is a recognised minority language in the
945:
941:
249:
2446:
2057:
1403:
1196: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1106:
1078:
1048:
933:
820: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
575: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
436: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
320:
94:
223: Member states that have neither signed nor ratified the charter.
1345:
1284:
1280:
1021:
1011:
963:
165:
1622:
1171:
795:
550:
411:
2508:
Keeping Languages Alive: Documentation, Pedagogy and Revitalization
2503:
1556:
1538:
1528:
1365:
1162:
Significant languages having no majority of speakers in any country
1094:
1026:
997:
979:
975:
256:
documents and afforded some form of official support. In 1992, the
144:
86:
785:
248:
In most European countries, the minority languages are defined by
217: Member states that have signed but not ratified the charter.
1821:, in the specific circumstances of a French-language minority in
1565:
1477:
1473:
1447:
1415:
1411:
1369:
1341:
1332:
1306:
1302:
1154:
1134:
1102:
1090:
1082:
1052:
1044:
1030:
983:
971:
959:
937:
929:
925:
901:
716:
Wet van 28 juni 1932 op het gebruik van de talen in bestuurszaken
678:
348:
328:
2161:
765:
of 13 August 2001 included provisions for altering the official
1459:
1377:
1146:
1142:
1126:
1118:
1074:
1066:
1056:
1040:
993:
949:
905:
352:
324:
269:
174:
211: Member states that have signed and ratified the charter.
16:
Language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory
2643:
1451:
1425:
1397:
1361:
1357:
1310:
1293:
1276:
944:, but as a minority elsewhere in Europe. It is recognised in
344:
336:
319:
The signatories that have not yet ratified it as of 2012 are
978:(520,000 speakers, approximately 10% of the population); in
900:– recognized minority language in many countries, including
1319:
1150:
280:"regional or minority languages" means languages that are:
1819:
Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
1545:, minority status. About 1,900-speaker minority in the
992:– Macedonian is not recognized as minority language in
2423:
http://media.popis2011.stat.rs/2011/prvi_rezultati.pdf
2365:
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe
2251:
1851:
Doucet-Boudreau v. Nova Scotia (Minister of Education)
1490:
and an officially recognised minority language in the
379:
In Canada the term "minority language" is used in the
292:
different from the official language(s) of that State;
2583:
The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice
2162:"European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages"
693:, gradually managed to emancipate itself through the
2644:
Sardinian language's office – University of Cagliari
2638:
2323:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
1442:: 665,800 speakers, regional official status in the
1392:: 3–4 million speakers, regional official status in
2129:
2117:
2105:
1954:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
262:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
205:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
1742:deal primarily with Canada and do not represent a
1468:: 400,000 speakers, regional official language in
908:, where 4% of the population are ethnic Albanians.
173:were a demographic minority, but marginalised the
2080:
1979:Language minority students in Japanese classrooms
681:'s founding in 1830, the government had promoted
365:marginalizing Ukrainian through empowered Russian
229: Non-member states of the Council of Europe.
189:
2650:
2510:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 181–197.
1858:Gosselin (Tutor of) v. Quebec (Attorney General)
1424:: 622,000 speakers, regional official status in
685:as the sole national language. The marginalised
1929:for which objective criteria are available, or
904:, but not recognized as a minority language in
786:Languages lacking recognition in some countries
2501:
2416:
1943:Convention against Discrimination in Education
1886:Société des Acadiens v. Association of Parents
2502:Grinevald, Colette; Pivot, Bénédicte (2013).
2351:
2349:
1740:The examples and perspective in this section
1523:: 2,000 speakers; official status within the
1406:: 2 million speakers, a minority language in
367:, a scenario which was only prevented by the
2581:Hale, Kenneth; Hinton, Leanne, eds. (2001).
2497:
2495:
718:
1651:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1610:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1318:: 22 million speakers; official status in
1301:: 45 million speakers; official status in
2606:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 468.
2580:
2355:
2346:
2252:"List of Languages with Courses Available"
1758:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1340:: 10 million speakers, official status in
1292:: 83 million speakers; official status in
1275:: 78 million speakers; official status in
177:-speaking majority population (along with
2506:. In Jones, Mari; Ogilvie, Sarah (eds.).
2492:
1814:Arsenault-Cameron v. Prince Edward Island
1792:Learn how and when to remove this message
1774:Learn how and when to remove this message
1715:Learn how and when to remove this message
1256:Learn how and when to remove this message
1020:: official in Romania and co-official in
880:Learn how and when to remove this message
635:Learn how and when to remove this message
496:Learn how and when to remove this message
393:, which guarantees educational rights to
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
2340:
2294:
1541:. 300 native speakers, 2,320 overall in
924:: classified as an official language in
198:
32:This article includes a list of general
2432:Serbian Preliminary 2011 Census Results
1925:Accordingly, the term is distinct from
1500:: 157,110 speakers; official status in
1436:, Argentina, with no legal recognition.
749:Municipalities with language facilities
668:
390:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
2651:
2168:. Council of Europe. 5 November 1992.
1509:: 60,000 speakers, official status in
1006:– recognized minority language in the
914:– recognized minority language in the
2599:
2471:
2311:from the original on 5 September 2022
2202:from the original on 4 September 2022
2172:from the original on 1 September 2022
2135:
2123:
2111:
2099:
1352:under the name of Valencian, and the
2562:from the original on 20 October 2020
2404:from the original on 23 January 2023
2004:List of language self-study programs
1892:
1830:Casimir v. Quebec (Attorney General)
1726:
1649:adding citations to reliable sources
1616:
1575:
1364:, and specifically on the island of
1194:adding citations to reliable sources
1165:
1029:(estimated 10,566 speakers); and in
818:adding citations to reliable sources
789:
573:adding citations to reliable sources
544:
434:adding citations to reliable sources
405:
18:
2472:Baaij, C. J. W. (1 February 2018).
2232:from the original on 15 August 2021
2068:from the original on 8 January 2016
1921:of being able to show it to others.
1844:Devine v. Quebec (Attorney General)
1454:. It has no official status in the
13:
2552:"Languages Treasured but Not Lost"
2394:"Statistični urad RS - Popis 2002"
2062:Summary by world area | Ethnologue
1905:of Nicaragua as an alternative to
1360:. Recognized regional language in
1331:, recognized regional language in
361:marginalized the use of Belarusian
264:to protect and promote historical
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2670:
2628:
2453:from the original on 19 June 2013
1591:This section has multiple issues.
982:(6,243 speakers in 2002), and in
2532:from the original on 9 July 2021
1823:Summerside, Prince Edward Island
1731:
1621:
1580:
1170:
794:
697:, and in 1898 the Equality Law (
549:
410:
23:
2593:
2574:
2544:
2465:
2435:
2386:
2288:
2276:. UN News Centre. 12 March 2013
2266:
2244:
2214:
1837:Charlebois v. Saint John (City)
1599:or discuss these issues on the
1372:. It has no official status in
1181:needs additional citations for
805:needs additional citations for
560:needs additional citations for
421:needs additional citations for
119:indigenous languages of Bolivia
2184:
2154:
2141:
2050:
2041:
1344:, regional official status in
1051:. It lacks official status in
962:, and co-official in Serbia's
689:community, generally known as
540:
190:Law and international politics
132:
1:
2603:Arabic as a Minority Language
2558:. Oakland. 17 February 2016.
2034:
2009:Lists of endangered languages
1033:(estimated 450,000 speakers).
315:Attitudes towards the Charter
147:'s largest linguistic group,
2516:10.1017/CBO9781139245890.018
1129:. It has minority status in
1077:. It has minority status in
767:Languages of North Macedonia
7:
2585:. Emerald Group Publishing.
2478:. Oxford University Press.
2297:"De talentelling in België"
1936:
1754:, discuss the issue on the
1571:
773:at the state level and the
401:
10:
2675:
1123:Turkish Republic of Cyprus
970:(14,000 speakers), and in
268:and minority languages in
2639:Minorities language tool
1105:. The minority status in
725:municipalities of Belgium
374:
194:
2600:Owens, Jonathan (2013).
2367:(1/2002). Archived from
2356:Brunnbauer, Ulf (2002).
2295:Kuijpers, Willy (1980).
745:Francization of Brussels
741:recensement linguistique
2194:Slavica Wratislaviensia
2058:"Ethnologue statistics"
1989:Language revitalization
1456:Northern Basque Country
777:. As of 2002, only the
383:, in the heading above
53:more precise citations.
2222:"Michael Moser. 2013.
1959:Global language system
1923:
1131:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1071:Bosnia and Herzegovina
740:
733:
719:
715:
702:
381:Constitution of Canada
312:
240:
179:Berber-speaking groups
2014:Minoritized languages
1994:Linguistic demography
1949:Cross-border language
1918:
1807:Alexander v. Sandoval
1069:, and co-official in
1043:, and co-official in
369:Revolution of Dignity
274:
203:Participation in the
202:
2449:. 19 February 1999.
2428:8 April 2020 at the
2374:on 23 September 2015
2226:. Stuttgart: ibidem"
1865:Katzenbach v. Morgan
1752:improve this section
1645:improve this section
1531:, a sovereign nation
1190:improve this article
814:improve this article
669:Numerical thresholds
569:improve this article
430:improve this article
1964:Indigenous language
1927:endangered language
1911:indigenous language
1664:"Minority language"
1350:Valencian Community
1205:"Minority language"
1125:and co-official in
986:(170,000 speakers).
829:"Minority language"
771:Macedonian language
663:auxiliary languages
584:"Minority language"
445:"Minority language"
233:list of signatories
2659:Minority languages
2149:Language Policy, 3
1974:Language education
1374:Northern Catalonia
241:
123:national languages
107:official languages
2485:978-0-19-068079-4
2029:Regional language
1999:Linguistic rights
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2617:. Retrieved
2602:
2594:Bibliography
2582:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2555:
2546:
2534:. Retrieved
2507:
2474:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2437:
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2397:
2388:
2376:. Retrieved
2369:the original
2364:
2313:. Retrieved
2304:
2303:(in Dutch).
2300:
2290:
2278:. Retrieved
2268:
2258:12 September
2256:. Retrieved
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2223:
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2193:
2186:
2174:. Retrieved
2165:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2102:, p. 1.
2070:. Retrieved
2061:
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1659:
1643:Please help
1631:
1607:
1600:
1594:
1593:Please help
1590:
1539:Scotland, UK
1329:South Africa
1267:
1252:
1243:
1233:
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1219:
1212:
1200:
1188:Please help
1183:verification
1180:
891:
876:
867:
857:
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843:
836:
824:
812:Please help
807:verification
804:
734:talentelling
661:Speakers of
660:
654:
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646:
631:
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612:
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598:
591:
579:
567:Please help
562:verification
559:
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483:
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459:
452:
440:
428:Please help
423:verification
420:
388:
378:
353:postimperial
318:
260:adopted the
247:
231:Source: the
181:such as the
164:
157:Eurocentrism
136:
89:spoken by a
82:
80:
65:
56:
37:
2619:4 September
2457:18 February
2398:www.stat.si
2315:5 September
2307:: 130–132.
2206:4 September
2176:4 September
2047:ONU members
2024:Nationalism
1945:(Article 5)
1903:Rama people
1511:Switzerland
1502:New Zealand
1470:Netherlands
1408:Netherlands
946:South Tyrol
942:Switzerland
541:Controversy
250:legislation
244:Definitions
133:Definitions
51:introducing
2447:Ethnologue
2443:"Romanian"
2301:Neerlandia
2254:. Lang1234
2196:. Vol 174"
2166:rm.coe.int
2136:Owens 2013
2124:Owens 2013
2112:Owens 2013
2100:Owens 2013
2072:18 October
2035:References
1675:newspapers
1596:improve it
1515:Graubünden
1404:Limburgish
1216:newspapers
1107:Montenegro
1079:Montenegro
1049:Kazakhstan
990:Macedonian
934:Luxembourg
840:newspapers
595:newspapers
456:newspapers
385:section 23
321:Azerbaijan
166:Pied-Noirs
109:, such as
95:population
34:references
1756:talk page
1632:does not
1602:talk page
1553:Sardinian
1346:Catalonia
1325:Afrikaans
1285:Singapore
1281:Sri Lanka
1022:Vojvodina
1012:Lithuania
964:Vojvodina
956:Hungarian
912:Bulgarian
371:in 2014.
103:languages
59:June 2010
2653:Category
2560:Archived
2530:Archived
2451:Archived
2426:Archived
2402:Archived
2309:Archived
2280:30 March
2230:Archived
2200:Archived
2170:Archived
2066:Archived
1937:See also
1750:You may
1572:Lawsuits
1562:Corsican
1557:Sardinia
1529:Oklahoma
1521:Cherokee
1390:Galician
1366:Sardinia
1095:Slovakia
1027:Bulgaria
1018:Romanian
998:Bulgaria
980:Slovenia
976:Slovakia
898:Albanian
402:Politics
266:regional
239:website.
145:Cameroon
91:minority
87:language
2236:30 June
2064:. SIL.
1689:scholar
1653:removed
1638:sources
1566:Corsica
1507:Romansh
1488:Ireland
1478:Germany
1474:Denmark
1448:Navarre
1416:Germany
1412:Belgium
1394:Galicia
1370:Alghero
1342:Andorra
1338:Catalan
1333:Namibia
1316:Kurdish
1307:Algeria
1303:Morocco
1290:Marathi
1230:scholar
1155:Romania
1135:Croatia
1115:Turkish
1103:Romania
1091:Hungary
1083:Croatia
1063:Serbian
1053:Estonia
1045:Belarus
1037:Russian
1031:Ukraine
984:Ukraine
972:Romania
960:Hungary
938:Belgium
930:Austria
926:Germany
902:Romania
854:scholar
723:), the
679:Belgium
677:: From
675:Belgium
609:scholar
527:Cornish
470:scholar
387:of the
349:Moldova
333:Ireland
329:Iceland
235:at the
183:Kabyles
115:Ireland
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