917:
909:
69:
925:
1053:
42:
1139:
compatible nuclei following meiosis migrate into each basidiospore, which is then dispersed as a pre-existing dikaryon. Often such species form only two spores per basidium, but that too varies. Following meiosis, mitotic divisions can occur in the basidium. Multiple numbers of basidiospores can result, including odd numbers via degeneration of nuclei, or pairing up of nuclei, or lack of migration of nuclei. For example, the chanterelle genus
367:) outside of these, among the Basidiomycota. As now classified, the subphyla join and also cut across various obsolete taxonomic groups (see below) previously commonly used to describe Basidiomycota. According to a 2008 estimate, Basidiomycota comprise three subphyla (including six unassigned classes) 16 classes, 52 orders, 177 families, 1,589 genera, and 31,515 species. Wijayawardene et al. 2020 produced an update that recognized 19 classes (
1157:. can have one-, two-, three- or four-spored basidia under some circumstances. Occasionally, monokaryons of some taxa can form morphologically fully formed basidiomes and anatomically correct basidia and ballistic basidiospores in the absence of dikaryon formation, diploid nuclei, and meiosis. A rare few number of taxa have extended diploid lifecycles, but can be common species. Examples exist in the mushroom genera
1065:
multiple compatibility factors. Plasmogamy between compatible individuals leads to delayed karyogamy leading to establishment of a dikaryon. The dikaryon is long lasting but ultimately gives rise to either fruitbodies with basidia or directly to basidia without fruitbodies. The paired dikaryon in the basidium fuse (i.e. karyogamy takes place). The diploid basidium begins the cycle again.
1048:
which are tapered spine-like projections on basidia, and are typically curved, like the horns of a bull. In some
Basidiomycota the spores are not ballistic, and the sterigmata may be straight, reduced to stubs, or absent. The basidiospores of these non-ballistosporic basidia may either bud off, or be
1817:
Padamsee, M.; Kumar, T. K.; Riley, R.; Binder, M.; Boyd, A.; Calvo, A. M.; Furukawa, K.; Hesse, C.; Hohmann, S.; James, T. Y.; LaButti, K.; Lapidus, A.; Lindquist, E.; Lucas, S.; Miller, K.; Shantappa, S.; Grigoriev, I. V.; Hibbett, D. S.; McLaughlin, D. J.; Spatafora, J. W.; Aime, M. C. (Mar 2012).
996:
and resultant monokaryons, have nuclei that are compatible with 50% (if bipolar) or 25% (if tetrapolar) of their sister basidiospores (and their resultant monokaryons) because the mating genes must differ for them to be compatible. However, there are sometimes more than two possible alleles for a
1064:
In summary, meiosis takes place in a diploid basidium. Each one of the four haploid nuclei migrates into its own basidiospore. The basidiospores are ballistically discharged and start new haploid mycelia called monokaryons. There are no males or females, rather there are compatible thalli with
1138:
Many variations occur: some variations are self-compatible and spontaneously form dikaryons without a separate compatible thallus being involved. These fungi are said to be homothallic, versus the normal heterothallic species with mating types. Others are secondarily homothallic, in that two
1191:, four nuclei following meiosis remain in the basidium, but continually divide mitotically, each nucleus migrating into synchronously forming nonballistic basidiospores that are then pushed upwards by another set forming below them, resulting in four parallel chains of dry "basidiospores".
1113:
are examples of pathogenic basidiomycota. Such pathogens must be able to overcome the oxidative defenses of their respective hosts in order to produce a successful infection. The ability to undergo meiosis may provide a survival benefit for these fungi by promoting successful infection. A
639:
There are several genera classified in the
Basidiomycota that are 1) poorly known, 2) have not been subjected to DNA analysis, or 3) if analysed phylogenetically do not group with as yet named or identified families, and have not been assigned to a specific family (i.e., they are
1320:
Basidiomycota. In plant parasitic taxa, the saprotrophic phase is normally the yeast while the infectious stage is hyphal. However, there are examples of animal and human parasites where the species are dimorphic but it is the yeast-like state that is infectious. The genus
1082:
because meiosis progresses synchronously in about 10 million cells within the mushroom cap, and the meiotic prophase stage is prolonged. Burns et al. studied the expression of genes involved in the 15-hour meiotic process, and found that the pattern of gene expression of
1303:), and haploid yeast-like conidia/basidiospores sometimes called sporidia, bud off laterally from each cell. In various smuts, the yeast phase may proliferate, or they may fuse, or they may infect plant tissue and become hyphal. In other smuts, such as
1250:
in dry chains in inverted cup-shaped bodies embedded in host tissue. These aeciospores then infect the second host, known as the primary or asexual host (in macrocyclic rusts). On the primary host a repeating spore stage is formed, numbered "II", the
968:. Often, the dikaryotic mycelium is more vigorous than the individual monokaryotic mycelia, and proceeds to take over the substrate in which they are growing. The dikaryons can be long-lived, lasting years, decades, or centuries. The monokaryons are
1263:, is formed. It is thicker-walled and serves to overwinter or to survive other harsh conditions. It does not continue the infection process, rather it remains dormant for a period and then germinates to form basidia (stage "IV"), sometimes called a
1241:
such as rain carry the spermatia from spermagonium to spermagonium, cross inoculating the mating types. Neither thallus is male or female. Once crossed, the dikaryons are established and a second spore stage is formed, numbered "I" and called
1213:) at their greatest complexity, produce five different types of spores on two different host plants in two unrelated host families. Such rusts are heteroecious (requiring two hosts) and macrocyclic (producing all five spores types). Wheat
1605:
Hibbett, David S.; Binder, Manfred; Bischoff, Joseph F.; Blackwell, Meredith; Cannon, Paul F.; Eriksson, Ove E.; Huhndorf, Sabine; James, Timothy; Kirk, Paul M. (May 2007). "A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi".
1291:. The teliospores are initially dikaryotic but become diploid via karyogamy. Meiosis takes place at the time of germination. A promycelium is formed that consists of a short hypha (equated to a basidium). In some smuts such as
1225:, which are miniature, flask-shaped, hollow, submicroscopic bodies embedded in the host tissue (such as a leaf). This stage, numbered "0", produces single-celled spores that ooze out in a sweet liquid and that act as nonmotile
1099:. These similarities in the patterns of expression led to the conclusion that the core expression program of meiosis has been conserved in these fungi for over half a billion years of evolution since these species diverged.
1032:. In most species, the basidiospores disperse and each can start a new haploid mycelium, continuing the lifecycle. Basidia are microscopic but they are often produced on or in multicelled large fructifications called
330:
reproducers. Basidiomycota that reproduce asexually (discussed below) can typically be recognized as members of this division by gross similarity to others, by the formation of a distinctive anatomical feature (the
1313:
which are by then dikaryotic. Dikaryotic conidia may then form. Eventually the host is infected by infectious hyphae. Teliospores form in host tissue. Many variations on these general themes occur.
1886:
Burns, C.; Stajich, J. E.; Rechtsteiner, A.; Casselton, L.; Hanlon, S. E.; Wilke, S. K.; Savytskyy, O. P.; Gathman, A. C.; Lilly, W. W.; Lieb, J. D.; Zolan, M. E.; Pukkila, P. J. (September 2010).
1356:, which are the asexual stages. Some Basidiomycota are only known as anamorphs. Many are yeasts, collectively called basidiomycetous yeasts to differentiate them from ascomycetous yeasts in the
1727:
1259:. Urediospores are dikaryotic and can infect the same host that produced them. They repeatedly infect this host over the growing season. At the end of the season, a fourth spore type, the
1287:
is the thick-walled, often darkly pigmented, ornate, teliospore that serves to survive harsh conditions such as overwintering and also serves to help disperse the fungus as dry
1024:
follows shortly with the production of 4 haploid nuclei that migrate into 4 external, usually apical basidiospores. Variations occur, however. Typically the basidiospores are
575:, which includes mirror yeasts), and a mixture of odd, infrequently seen, or seldom recognized fungi, often parasitic on plants. The eight classes in the Pucciniomycotina are
530:. This sub-phyla also includes the "classic" mushrooms, polypores, corals, chanterelles, crusts, puffballs and stinkhorns. The three classes in the Agaricomycotina are the
1008:
nuclear divisions. Variations are frequent and multiple. In a typical
Basidiomycota lifecycle the long lasting dikaryons periodically (seasonally or occasionally) produce
3084:
2941:
2858:
1360:. Aside from yeast anamorphs, and uredinia, aecia and pycnidia, some Basidiomycota form other distinctive anamorphs as parts of their life-cycles. Examples are
3157:
1510:
Li, Liande; Wright, Sara J.; Krystofova, Svetlana; Park, Gyungsoon; Borkovich, Katherine A. (2007). "Heterotrimeric G Protein
Signaling in Filamentous Fungi".
1114:
characteristic central feature of meiosis is recombination between homologous chromosomes. This process is associated with repair of DNA damage, particularly
3089:
3059:
2951:
2717:
2946:
2685:
672:
3177:
2728:
2228:
2083:"Morphological and Genomic Characterization of Filobasidiella depauperata: A Homothallic Sibling Species of the Pathogenic Cryptococcus Species Complex"
3064:
1230:
742:
1888:"Analysis of the Basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea reveals conservation of the core meiotic expression program over half a billion years of evolution"
4627:
1175:
832:
5022:
4632:
2547:
1716:
1271:
after meiosis, with each of the 4 cells bearing one basidiospore each. The basidiospores disperse and start the infection process on host 1 again.
1173:. Occasionally, basidiospores are not formed and parts of the "basidia" act as the dispersal agents, e.g. the peculiar mycoparasitic jelly fungus,
702:
3074:
3026:
662:
2189:
4490:
3215:
2723:
2391:
842:
822:
782:
762:
5666:
3069:
1673:
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil
Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020).
812:
792:
772:
712:
652:
5549:
882:
802:
732:
862:
852:
682:
2288:
2214:
2313:
1297:
the nuclei migrate into the promycelium that becomes septate (i.e., divided into cellular compartments separated by cell walls called
872:
692:
2142:"Light microscopy of basidia, basidiospores, and nuclei in spores and hyphae of Filobasidiella neoformans (Cryptococcus neoformans)"
5614:
1460:
Moore, R. T. (1980). "Taxonomic proposals for the classification of marine yeasts and other yeast-like fungi including the smuts".
1820:"The genome of the xerotolerant mold Wallemia sebi reveals adaptations to osmotic stress and suggests cryptic sexual reproduction"
5640:
4728:
1194:
Other variations occur: some as standard lifecycles (that themselves have variations within variations) within specific orders.
5786:
1126:
to undergo meiosis may contribute to their virulence by repairing the oxidative DNA damage caused by their host's release of
5645:
997:
given locus, and in such species, depending on the specifics, over 90% of monokaryons could be compatible with each other.
3438:
1309:, the elongated haploid basidiospores form apically, often in compatible pairs that fuse centrally resulting in H-shaped
1766:"Genome and transcriptome sequencing of the halophilic fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga: haloadaptations present and absent"
2384:
1943:; Heitman, J. (April 2005). "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans".
932:
Unlike animals and plants which have readily recognizable male and female counterparts, Basidiomycota (except for the
1998:
2263:
5776:
5738:
3472:
2432:
359:
recognized three subphyla (Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, Agaricomycotina) and two other class level taxa (
5791:
5671:
3467:
2427:
1436:
1275:
rusts complete their life-cycles on one host instead of two, and microcyclic rusts cut out one or more stages.
1221:. Typically, basidiospores infect host one, also known as the alternate or sexual host, and the mycelium forms
1000:
The maintenance of the dikaryotic status in dikaryons in many
Basidiomycota is facilitated by the formation of
1056:
Scheme of a typical basidiocarp, the dipoid reproductive structure of a basidiomycete, showing fruiting body,
916:
3551:
3541:
3524:
2511:
2501:
2484:
2377:
2359:
2235:
1512:
17:
1004:
that physically appear to help coordinate and re-establish pairs of compatible nuclei following synchronous
2081:
Rodriguez-Carres, Marianela; Findley, Keisha; Sun, Sheng; Dietrich, Fred S.; Heitman, Joseph (2010-03-10).
522:(another obsolete class that included species mostly lacking hymenia and mostly forming spores in enclosed
68:
4721:
1996:
Michod, R. E.; Bernstein, H.; Nedelcu, A. M. (May 2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens".
1824:
2369:
1521:
956:
and then the compatible nuclei migrate into each other's mycelia and pair up with the resident nuclei.
549:
is not yet placed in a subdivision, but recent genomic evidence suggests that it is a sister group of
5681:
4865:
2193:
1095:
5743:
5606:
1622:
1352:
The dimorphic
Basidiomycota with yeast stages and the pleiomorphic rusts are examples of fungi with
2035:"Phylogeny and Systematics of the Fungi with Special Reference to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota"
1378:
1089:
5540:
4950:
3556:
3431:
3291:
2899:
2516:
1372:
1339:
1151:
species can have two-, four-, six-, or eight-spored basidia, and the cultivated button mushroom,
1127:
1103:
588:
388:
5707:
1764:
Zajc, J.; Liu, Y.; Dai, W.; Yang, Z.; Hu, J.; Gostinčar, C.; Gunde-Cimerman, N. (Sep 13, 2013).
5766:
5502:
4714:
2891:
2675:
2033:
Prillinger, Hansjörg; Lopandic, Ksenija; Schweigkofler, Wolfgang; et al. (February 2002).
1617:
1317:
5771:
5702:
5178:
4828:
3519:
3036:
2698:
2667:
2479:
2408:
2292:
1333:
1238:
1187:
484:
291:
55:
5694:
1012:, the specialized usually club-shaped end cells, in which a pair of compatible nuclei fuse (
5717:
5575:
4843:
3324:
3271:
2830:
2693:
2317:
2094:
1954:
1608:
1529:
1415:
576:
459:
372:
327:
8:
4334:
4118:
3301:
3276:
3016:
2817:
2756:
2751:
1345:
1181:
1115:
1074:
592:
424:
392:
214:
4706:
2098:
1958:
964:. The hyphae are then said to be dikaryotic. Conversely, the haploid mycelia are called
5173:
4855:
4344:
3536:
3514:
3502:
3477:
3424:
3377:
3329:
3316:
3296:
3281:
3261:
3210:
2881:
2853:
2807:
2743:
2496:
2474:
2462:
2437:
2117:
2082:
1978:
1916:
1887:
1794:
1765:
1643:
1580:
1293:
1109:
616:
596:
580:
572:
523:
515:
490:
432:
416:
408:
380:
376:
141:
63:
5554:
2166:
2141:
5781:
5689:
5562:
4965:
4678:
4604:
4585:
4295:
3878:
3546:
3509:
3497:
3487:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3286:
3137:
2987:
2873:
2799:
2506:
2469:
2457:
2447:
2208:
2171:
2122:
2054:
2015:
1970:
1940:
1921:
1841:
1799:
1635:
1560:
1541:
1533:
1409:
1362:
1288:
1153:
1037:
628:
624:
584:
436:
404:
400:
384:
364:
2034:
1691:
1674:
1584:
1327:
forms basidia on hyphae but the main infectious stage is more commonly known by the
5241:
5120:
5012:
4955:
4895:
4890:
4818:
4803:
4650:
4596:
4350:
3796:
3461:
3406:
3253:
3200:
3142:
3051:
3008:
2979:
2863:
2825:
2733:
2421:
2161:
2153:
2112:
2102:
2046:
2007:
1982:
1962:
1945:
1911:
1901:
1833:
1789:
1779:
1696:
1686:
1647:
1627:
1572:
1525:
1469:
1431:
1305:
1001:
562:
332:
157:
136:
4282:
2157:
1561:"Allergenicity of airborne basidiospores and ascospores: need for further studies"
1487:
908:
5414:
5319:
5281:
5236:
5168:
4925:
4885:
4870:
4763:
4523:
3698:
3382:
3372:
3354:
3306:
3220:
3172:
3162:
3152:
3079:
3041:
2917:
2840:
2708:
2624:
2594:
2589:
2363:
2107:
2011:
1906:
1631:
1441:
1170:
604:
550:
546:
539:
503:
440:
428:
420:
360:
131:
115:
5567:
5601:
5474:
5419:
5409:
5251:
5065:
5017:
4930:
4905:
4900:
4880:
4875:
4778:
4768:
4619:
4609:
4573:
4548:
4237:
4028:
3929:
3851:
3660:
3492:
3367:
3362:
3187:
3167:
3147:
3129:
3114:
3099:
2956:
2848:
2789:
2452:
1819:
1492:
1323:
1218:
642:
531:
519:
450:
368:
307:
286:
250:
1837:
1576:
446:
Traditionally, the
Basidiomycota were divided into two classes, now obsolete:
5760:
5525:
5183:
5145:
5070:
5006:
4992:
4940:
4935:
4849:
4838:
4833:
4813:
4808:
4783:
4655:
4454:
4446:
4276:
4197:
4137:
4048:
4022:
3751:
3205:
3195:
3119:
2932:
2922:
2781:
2557:
1892:
1784:
1537:
1394:
1389:
1316:
Smuts with both a yeast phase and an infectious hyphal state are examples of
1284:
1202:
1029:
933:
620:
567:
507:
471:
467:
323:
282:
274:
50:
5730:
1473:
5394:
5389:
5364:
5339:
5329:
5256:
5125:
4999:
4960:
4945:
4920:
4915:
4860:
4793:
4688:
4515:
4495:
4435:
4339:
4312:
4259:
4217:
4184:
3959:
3737:
3676:
3416:
3266:
3031:
2909:
2539:
2126:
2058:
2019:
1974:
1925:
1845:
1803:
1770:
1639:
1545:
1400:
1299:
993:
600:
535:
479:
463:
412:
396:
344:
340:
266:
258:
1217:
is an example. By convention, the stages and spore states are numbered by
1179:
or the entire "basidium" acts as a "spore", e.g. in some false puffballs (
306:) and reproduce sexually via the formation of specialized club-shaped end
5627:
5534:
5449:
5424:
5369:
5344:
5266:
5261:
5226:
5216:
4910:
4823:
4579:
4505:
4357:
4321:
4301:
4249:
4223:
4113:
4061:
4034:
4016:
3989:
3756:
3625:
3614:
2599:
2400:
2399:
2267:
2175:
1264:
1252:
1206:
1141:
1033:
937:
722:
527:
278:
270:
1966:
5482:
5444:
5374:
5354:
5349:
5334:
5304:
5276:
5231:
5221:
5193:
5188:
5130:
5105:
4798:
4773:
4660:
4484:
4475:
4460:
4328:
4265:
4124:
4085:
4080:
3966:
3883:
3778:
3690:
2997:
2770:
1701:
1384:
1367:
1357:
1272:
1260:
1247:
1210:
1159:
1147:
1078:
is a basidiomycete mushroom. It is particularly suited to the study of
1045:
1025:
965:
953:
924:
356:
246:
218:
2050:
478:
Nonetheless these former concepts continue to be used as two types of
41:
5632:
5588:
5399:
5379:
5271:
5150:
5085:
5075:
5060:
5055:
5036:
4788:
4559:
4500:
4208:
4173:
4131:
4108:
4090:
3977:
3913:
3788:
3665:
3608:
3595:
3447:
1419:
1226:
1214:
1052:
1013:
957:
892:
336:
80:
5658:
5496:
960:
is delayed, so that the compatible nuclei remain in pairs, called a
510:(an obsolete morphological based class of Basidiomycota that formed
5725:
5653:
5593:
5519:
5454:
5434:
5429:
5404:
5384:
5359:
5324:
5314:
5309:
5140:
5115:
5095:
4755:
4566:
4528:
4429:
4406:
3953:
3948:
3940:
3870:
3745:
3620:
3603:
3581:
3531:
3021:
2655:
2646:
2632:
2491:
2356:
2032:
1404:
1353:
1328:
1310:
1256:
1222:
1057:
1041:
961:
941:
752:
511:
454:
311:
254:
242:
5619:
2080:
5459:
5439:
5135:
5110:
5100:
5090:
5046:
4983:
4682:
4417:
4254:
4100:
4007:
3996:
3860:
3766:
3722:
3630:
3243:
2970:
1885:
1079:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1005:
989:
945:
315:
222:
100:
5299:
5291:
5160:
4275:
4072:
3802:
3704:
3646:
2404:
1268:
1267:. In the Pucciniales, the basidia are cylindrical and become 3-
1234:
1165:
949:
262:
238:
90:
1672:
1604:
5580:
5208:
5080:
4642:
1243:
565:
include the rust fungi, the insect parasitic/symbiotic genus
319:
303:
299:
230:
2229:"Microsoft Word – Machnicki revised for pdf final august 24"
1558:
5246:
4738:
3899:
1049:
released via dissolution or disintegration of the basidia.
205:
199:
190:
184:
178:
163:
453:(alternatively called holobasidiomycetes), including true
237:. More specifically, Basidiomycota includes these groups:
4736:
988:) mating system. This results in the fact that following
172:
1816:
1666:
619:
are most (but not all) of the former smut fungi and the
940:)) tend to have mutually indistinguishable, compatible
1995:
1509:
196:
169:
166:
2341:
Kirk, P. M.; Cannon, P. F.; Stalpers, J. A. (2008).
1145:
often has six-spored basidia, while some corticioid
1087:
was similar to two other fungal species, the yeasts
646:
with respect to familial placement). These include:
355:
A 2007 classification, adopted by a coalition of 67
202:
175:
160:
952:. Typically haploid Basidiomycota mycelia fuse via
193:
187:
2340:
1870:
1858:
1751:
1660:
2258:
2256:
1559:Rivera-Mariani, F.E.; Bolaños-Rosero, B. (2011).
5758:
5023:Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
1407:infectious, state and the coffee leaf parasite,
623:. The classes of the Ustilaginomycotina are the
298:Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of
4595:
2026:
1881:
1879:
1505:
1503:
2623:
2253:
2076:
2074:
1938:
1763:
4722:
3432:
2385:
1283:The characteristic part of the life-cycle of
1044:, etc. Ballistic basidiospores are formed on
3446:
1989:
1932:
1876:
1500:
506:include what had previously been called the
4311:
2264:"LUXGENE.COM: The glow-in-the-dark website"
2071:
1654:
1133:
912:Sexual reproduction cycle of basidiomycetes
326:. However, some Basidiomycota are obligate
181:
4729:
4715:
3439:
3425:
2392:
2378:
40:
3689:
2165:
2133:
2116:
2106:
1915:
1905:
1793:
1783:
1700:
1690:
1621:
727:Ammirati, A.D.Parker & Matheny (2007)
3594:
1366:with its apple-seed-shaped and coloured
1051:
928:Cell cycle of a Dikaryotic basidiomycete
923:
915:
907:
697:Bernicchia, Gorjón & Nakasone (2011)
4754:
3579:
1675:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa"
1028:, hence they are sometimes also called
777:Tkalčec, Mešić & Chun Y.Deng (2015)
571:, a former group of smut fungi (in the
14:
5759:
4982:
4697:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
2213:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1598:
1530:10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093432
5501:
5500:
4710:
3420:
2373:
1459:
903:
610:
5682:05d71028-e72e-49e8-ad74-0211ea111628
2139:
1453:
972:male nor female. They have either a
1717:"Lecture 7 : Ustilaginomycets"
657:W.P.Wu, B.Sutton & Gange (1997)
556:
443:) with multiple orders and genera.
24:
634:
497:
318:(usually four). These specialized
25:
5803:
2350:
1999:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
1185:). In the human pathogenic genus
627:, the Entorrhizomycetes, and the
482:groupings, the "mushrooms" (e.g.
350:
1871:Kirk, Cannon & Stalpers 2008
1859:Kirk, Cannon & Stalpers 2008
1752:Kirk, Cannon & Stalpers 2008
1661:Kirk, Cannon & Stalpers 2008
339:components, and definitively by
156:
67:
2366:at the Tree of Life Web Project
2306:
2281:
2221:
2182:
1864:
1852:
1810:
1757:
1733:from the original on 2020-07-30
847:Hjortstam & Ryvarden (2008)
707:Hjortstam & Ryvarden (2008)
4176:
4172:
3932:
3928:
1745:
1709:
1552:
1480:
1437:List of Basidiomycota families
1040:, variously called mushrooms,
948:being composed of filamentous
488:) and the non-mushrooms (e.g.
295:, the human pathogenic yeast.
13:
1:
5787:Taxa named by Royall T. Moore
2158:10.1128/jb.128.1.445-455.1976
1513:Annual Review of Microbiology
1447:
767:Dhingra & Priyanka (2011)
2140:Erke, K. H. (October 1976).
2108:10.1371/journal.pone.0009620
2012:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002
1907:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001135
1632:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004
1376:with its sclerotium and its
817:Marvanová & Bärl. (2000)
687:Marvanová & Bärl. (1998)
667:Marvanová & Bärl. (2000)
314:that normally bear external
221:, constitute the subkingdom
7:
1825:Fungal Genetics and Biology
1425:
225:(often referred to as the "
10:
5808:
2334:
1068:
797:K.Ando & Tubaki (1984)
526:), as well as most of the
5509:
5472:
5290:
5207:
5159:
5044:
5035:
4978:
4750:
4746:
4741:phyla/divisions by domain
4673:
4641:
4618:
4545:
4514:
4474:
4445:
4425:
4416:
4404:
4400:
4245:
4236:
4207:
4192:
4183:
4170:
4166:
4099:
4071:
4056:
4047:
4006:
3985:
3976:
3939:
3926:
3922:
3909:
3896:
3892:
3869:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3787:
3774:
3765:
3732:
3719:
3685:
3674:
3656:
3643:
3590:
3575:
3571:
3455:
3403:
3353:
3315:
3252:
3237:
3186:
3128:
3107:
3098:
3050:
3007:
2996:
2978:
2969:
2931:
2908:
2890:
2872:
2839:
2816:
2798:
2780:
2769:
2742:
2707:
2684:
2666:
2654:
2645:
2616:
2582:
2565:
2556:
2538:
2531:
2415:
1838:10.1016/j.fgb.2012.01.007
1692:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8
1577:10.1007/s10453-011-9234-y
1493:Dictionary.com Unabridged
1096:Schizosaccharomyces pombe
128:
123:
64:Scientific classification
62:
48:
39:
34:
3902:
3898:
1785:10.1186/1471-2164-14-617
1379:Tilachlidiopsis racemosa
1278:
1246:, which form dikaryotic
1197:
1134:Variations in lifecycles
1090:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
992:, the resulting haploid
920:Basidiomycota life cycle
217:that, together with the
5777:Fungi by classification
4951:Thermodesulfobacteriota
3292:Cryptomycocolacomycetes
3085:Sporopachydermiomycetes
2900:Calcarisporiellomycetes
2343:Dictionary of the Fungi
2146:Journal of Bacteriology
1474:10.1515/bot-1980-230605
1373:Dendrocollybia racemosa
1340:Cryptococcus neoformans
1255:in dry pustules called
1128:reactive oxygen species
1104:Cryptococcus neoformans
589:Cryptomycocolacomycetes
389:Cryptomycocolacomycetes
233:. Members are known as
5792:Taxa described in 1980
2942:Palaeovesiarbusmycetes
2892:Calcarisporiellomycota
2859:Ramicandelaberomycetes
2676:Neocallimastigomycetes
2345:(10th ed.). CABI.
1229:, and also protruding
1209:, previously known as
1061:
929:
921:
913:
343:molecular analysis of
229:") within the kingdom
213:) is one of two large
5703:Paleobiology Database
5179:Neocallimastigomycota
3409:(polyphyletic group).
3037:Schizosaccharomycetes
2699:Monoblepharidomycetes
2668:Neocallimastigomycota
1724:Cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com
1055:
927:
919:
911:
485:Schizophyllum commune
124:Subdivisions/Classes
56:Kunstformen der Natur
4844:Coprothermobacterota
3325:Peribolosporomycetes
3272:Agaricostilbomycetes
3158:Collemopsidiomycetes
3032:Pneumocystidomycetes
2831:Entomophthoromycetes
2694:Hyaloraphidiomycetes
2575:Paramicrosporidiales
2241:on 27 September 2007
1609:Mycological Research
1416:Decapitatus flavidus
1116:double-strand breaks
577:Agaricostilbomycetes
460:Heterobasidiomycetes
373:Agaricostilbomycetes
49:Basidiomycetes from
4574:Gunflint microbiota
4335:Klebsormidiophyceae
4119:Hyphochytriomycetes
3302:Spiculogloeomycetes
3277:Cystobasidiomycetes
3090:Trigonopsidomycetes
3060:Alloascoideomycetes
3017:Archaeorhizomycetes
2952:Archaeosporomycetes
2818:Entomophthoromycota
2757:Blastocladiomycetes
2752:Physodermatomycetes
2718:Caulochytriomycetes
2558:Microsporidiomycota
2099:2010PLoSO...5.9620R
2039:Chemical Immunology
1967:10.1038/nature03448
1959:2005Natur.434.1017L
1346:Cryptococcus gattii
1237:and probably other
1075:Coprinopsis cinerea
593:Cystobasidiomycetes
425:Spiculogloeomycetes
393:Cystobasidiomycetes
304:basidiomycota-yeast
5174:Blastocladiomycota
4345:Coleochaetophyceae
3725:
3721:
3649:
3645:
3378:Bartheletiomycetes
3330:Monilielliomycetes
3317:Ustilaginomycotina
3297:Atractiellomycetes
3282:Microbotryomycetes
3262:Tritirachiomycetes
3211:Laboulbeniomycetes
2947:Paraglomeromycetes
2882:Mortierellomycetes
2854:Dimargaritomycetes
2808:Basidiobolomycetes
2744:Blastocladiomycota
2686:Monoblepharomycota
2362:2020-11-26 at the
1873:, pp. 717–718
1294:Mycosarcoma maydis
1118:. The ability of
1110:Mycosarcoma maydis
1062:
1036:or basidiomes, or
944:which are usually
930:
922:
914:
904:Typical life cycle
837:Ghob.-Nejh. (2010)
673:Anthoseptobasidium
617:Ustilaginomycotina
611:Ustilaginomycotina
597:Microbotryomycetes
581:Atractiellomycetes
573:Microbotryomycetes
491:Mycosarcoma maydis
451:Homobasidiomycetes
433:Tritirachiomycetes
417:Monilielliomycetes
409:Microbotryomycetes
381:Bartheletiomycetes
377:Atractiellomycetes
142:Ustilaginomycotina
5754:
5753:
5690:Open Tree of Life
5503:Taxon identifiers
5494:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5468:
5467:
5031:
5030:
4974:
4973:
4966:Verrucomicrobiota
4704:
4703:
4669:
4668:
4605:Spironematellidae
4586:Meteora sporadica
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4470:
4469:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4296:Prasinodermophyta
4232:
4231:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4043:
4042:
3879:Centroplasthelida
3837:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3715:
3714:
3639:
3638:
3414:
3413:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3345:Exobasidiomycetes
3340:Ustilaginomycetes
3335:Malasseziomycetes
3287:Classiculomycetes
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3178:Xylobotryomycetes
3138:Candelariomycetes
2988:Entorrhizomycetes
2965:
2964:
2874:Mortierellomycota
2800:Basidiobolomycota
2765:
2764:
2729:Sanchytriomycetes
2641:
2640:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2051:10.1159/000058868
2045:(9413): 207–295.
1953:(7036): 1017–21.
1410:Mycena citricolor
1363:Collybia tuberosa
1154:Agaricus bisporus
1002:clamp connections
898:
888:
878:
868:
867:W.Y.Zhuang (2008)
858:
848:
838:
828:
818:
808:
798:
788:
778:
768:
758:
748:
738:
737:P. Roberts (2006)
728:
718:
708:
698:
688:
678:
668:
658:
629:Ustilaginomycetes
625:Exobasidiomycetes
585:Classiculomycetes
437:Ustilaginomycetes
405:Malasseziomycetes
401:Exobasidiomycetes
385:Classiculomycetes
365:Entorrhizomycetes
149:
148:
119:
27:Division of fungi
16:(Redirected from
5799:
5747:
5746:
5734:
5733:
5721:
5720:
5711:
5710:
5698:
5697:
5685:
5684:
5675:
5674:
5662:
5661:
5649:
5648:
5636:
5635:
5623:
5622:
5610:
5609:
5597:
5596:
5584:
5583:
5571:
5570:
5558:
5557:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5498:
5497:
5242:Anthocerotophyta
5121:Hemimastigophora
5042:
5041:
5013:Nitrososphaerota
4980:
4979:
4956:Thermomicrobiota
4896:Kiritimatiellota
4891:Ignavibacteriota
4856:Deferribacterota
4819:Campylobacterota
4804:Bdellovibrionota
4752:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4708:
4707:
4651:Collodictyonidae
4597:Hemimastigophora
4593:
4592:
4552:
4423:
4422:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4402:
4401:
4351:Zygnematophyceae
4309:
4308:
4289:
4273:
4272:
4243:
4242:
4190:
4189:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4168:
4167:
4054:
4053:
3983:
3982:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3924:
3923:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3894:
3893:
3867:
3866:
3854:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3797:Choanoflagellata
3772:
3771:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3484:
3464:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3418:
3417:
3407:fungi imperfecti
3254:Pucciniomycotina
3250:
3249:
3201:Geoglossomycetes
3143:Coniocybomycetes
3105:
3104:
3065:Dipodascomycetes
3052:Saccharomycotina
3009:Taphrinomycotina
3005:
3004:
2980:Entorrhizomycota
2976:
2975:
2864:Kickxellomycetes
2826:Neozygitomycetes
2778:
2777:
2734:Chytridiomycetes
2664:
2663:
2652:
2651:
2621:
2620:
2563:
2562:
2536:
2535:
2444:
2424:
2407:classification,
2394:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2346:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2316:. Archived from
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2291:. Archived from
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2266:. Archived from
2260:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2234:. Archived from
2233:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2212:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2192:. Archived from
2186:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2030:
2024:
2023:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1883:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1787:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1732:
1721:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1694:
1670:
1664:
1663:, pp. 78–79
1658:
1652:
1651:
1625:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1457:
1432:Forest pathology
1231:receptive hyphae
897:P.Roberts (1994)
896:
886:
876:
866:
856:
846:
836:
826:
816:
806:
796:
786:
776:
766:
756:
746:
743:Dacryomycetopsis
736:
726:
717:P.Roberts (2005)
716:
706:
696:
686:
676:
666:
656:
563:Pucciniomycotina
557:Pucciniomycotina
514:layers on their
462:, including the
333:clamp connection
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
137:Pucciniomycotina
114:
72:
71:
44:
32:
31:
21:
5807:
5806:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5742:
5737:
5729:
5724:
5716:
5714:
5706:
5701:
5693:
5688:
5680:
5678:
5670:
5665:
5657:
5652:
5644:
5639:
5631:
5626:
5618:
5613:
5605:
5600:
5592:
5587:
5579:
5574:
5566:
5561:
5553:
5548:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5505:
5495:
5486:
5464:
5415:Gnathostomulida
5320:Xenacoelomorpha
5286:
5282:Flowering plant
5237:Marchantiophyta
5203:
5169:Chytridiomycota
5155:
5027:
4970:
4926:Planctomycetota
4886:Gemmatimonadota
4871:Elusimicrobiota
4764:Acidobacteriota
4742:
4735:
4705:
4700:
4665:
4637:
4628:Ancyromonadidae
4614:
4591:
4546:
4533:
4524:Malawimonadidae
4510:
4466:
4441:
4405:
4364:
4307:
4280:
4279:
4271:
4228:
4203:
4171:
4142:
4095:
4067:
4039:
4002:
3972:
3927:
3918:
3897:
3888:
3865:
3850:
3809:
3783:
3761:
3720:
3711:
3675:
3670:
3644:
3635:
3580:
3567:
3566:
3482:
3460:
3451:
3445:
3415:
3410:
3387:
3383:Tremellomycetes
3373:Wallemiomycetes
3355:Agaricomycotina
3349:
3311:
3307:Pucciniomycetes
3241:
3225:
3221:Sordariomycetes
3182:
3173:Lecanoromycetes
3163:Dothideomycetes
3153:Arthoniomycetes
3124:
3094:
3080:Saccharomycetes
3046:
3042:Taphrinomycetes
3022:Neolectomycetes
3000:
2992:
2961:
2927:
2918:Endogonomycetes
2904:
2886:
2868:
2841:Kickxellomycota
2835:
2812:
2794:
2773:
2761:
2738:
2709:Chytridiomycota
2703:
2680:
2659:
2637:
2625:Aphelidiomycota
2617:Aphelidiomyceta
2604:
2595:Metchnikovellea
2590:Chytridiopsidea
2578:
2569:Morellosporales
2552:
2527:
2526:
2442:
2420:
2411:
2398:
2364:Wayback Machine
2353:
2337:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2190:"Archived copy"
2188:
2187:
2183:
2138:
2134:
2079:
2072:
2063:
2061:
2031:
2027:
1994:
1990:
1937:
1933:
1900:(9): e1001135.
1884:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1815:
1811:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1623:10.1.1.626.9582
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1557:
1553:
1508:
1501:
1488:"Basidiomycota"
1486:
1485:
1481:
1462:Botanica Marina
1458:
1454:
1450:
1442:Mating in fungi
1428:
1422:called gemmae.
1306:Tilletia caries
1281:
1200:
1176:Tetragoniomyces
1171:Physalacriaceae
1136:
1071:
906:
901:
833:Punctulariopsis
757:Vellinga (2011)
637:
635:Genera included
613:
605:Pucciniomycetes
559:
551:Agaricomycotina
547:Wallemiomycetes
540:Tremellomycetes
504:Agaricomycotina
500:
498:Agaricomycotina
441:Wallemiomycetes
429:Tremellomycetes
421:Pucciniomycetes
361:Wallemiomycetes
353:
159:
155:
132:Agaricomycotina
113:
66:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5805:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5735:
5722:
5712:
5699:
5686:
5676:
5663:
5650:
5637:
5624:
5611:
5598:
5585:
5572:
5559:
5546:
5531:
5515:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5480:
5478:
5475:Incertae sedis
5470:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5420:Micrognathozoa
5417:
5412:
5410:Acanthocephala
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5296:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5252:Lycopodiophyta
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5165:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5066:Ancyromonadida
5063:
5058:
5052:
5050:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5018:Thermoproteota
5015:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4988:
4986:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4931:Pseudomonadota
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4906:Mycoplasmatota
4903:
4901:Lentisphaerota
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4881:Fusobacteriota
4878:
4876:Fibrobacterota
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4779:Armatimonadota
4776:
4771:
4769:Actinomycetota
4766:
4760:
4758:
4744:
4743:
4734:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4711:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4692:
4685:
4681:excluded from
4674:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4633:Planomonadidae
4630:
4624:
4622:
4620:Ancyromonadida
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4610:Paramastigidae
4607:
4601:
4599:
4590:
4589:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4562:
4555:
4553:
4549:Incertae sedis
4543:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4480:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4457:
4451:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4411:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4354:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4325:
4317:
4315:
4306:
4305:
4298:
4292:
4290:
4270:
4269:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4240:
4238:Archaeplastida
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4193:
4187:
4178:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4057:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4029:Dinoflagellata
4025:
4023:Chrompodellida
4020:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3934:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3852:Diaphoretickes
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3727:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3680:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3585:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3557:Mesomycetozoea
3554:
3549:
3539:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3493:Diaphoretickes
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:classification
3444:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3368:Agaricomycetes
3365:
3363:Dacrymycetales
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3188:Sordariomyceta
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3168:Eurotiomycetes
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3148:Lichinomycetes
3145:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3130:Dothideomyceta
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3115:Orbiliomycetes
3111:
3109:
3102:
3100:Pezizomycotina
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3002:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2957:Glomeromycetes
2954:
2949:
2944:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2849:Zoopagomycetes
2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2790:Olpidiomycetes
2786:
2784:
2775:
2774:(paraphyletic)
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2661:
2660:(paraphyletic)
2649:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:Nucleophagales
2570:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2548:Rozellomycetes
2544:
2542:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2517:Mesomycetozoea
2514:
2509:
2499:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2453:Diaphoretickes
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2352:
2351:External links
2349:
2348:
2347:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2305:
2280:
2252:
2220:
2181:
2152:(1): 445–455.
2132:
2070:
2025:
1988:
1931:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1809:
1756:
1744:
1708:
1665:
1653:
1616:(5): 509–547.
1597:
1551:
1522:Annual Reviews
1499:
1496:(Online). n.d.
1479:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1324:Filobasidiella
1280:
1277:
1219:Roman numerals
1199:
1196:
1169:, both in the
1135:
1132:
1070:
1067:
1030:ballistospores
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
905:
902:
900:
899:
889:
879:
869:
859:
849:
839:
829:
819:
809:
799:
789:
779:
769:
759:
749:
739:
729:
719:
709:
703:Brevicellopsis
699:
689:
679:
669:
659:
648:
643:incertae sedis
636:
633:
612:
609:
558:
555:
532:Agaricomycetes
520:Gasteromycetes
499:
496:
476:
475:
457:
369:Agaricomycetes
352:
351:Classification
349:
235:basidiomycetes
147:
146:
145:
144:
139:
134:
126:
125:
121:
120:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
35:Basidiomycota
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5804:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5767:Basidiomycota
5765:
5764:
5762:
5745:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5718:basidiomycota
5713:
5709:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5677:
5673:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5542:
5541:Basidiomycota
5536:
5532:
5527:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5511:Basidiomycota
5508:
5504:
5499:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5200:
5199:Basidiomycota
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5184:Glomeromycota
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5146:Stramenopiles
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5071:Apusomonadida
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5007:Nanoarchaeota
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4993:Euryarchaeota
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4941:Spirochaetota
4939:
4937:
4936:Rhodothermota
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:Dictyoglomota
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4850:Cyanobacteria
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4839:Chrysiogenota
4837:
4835:
4834:Chloroflexota
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4814:Calditrichota
4812:
4810:
4809:Caldisericota
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:Atribacterota
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4740:
4732:
4727:
4725:
4720:
4718:
4713:
4712:
4709:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4677:¹traditional
4676:
4675:
4672:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Mantamonadida
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4544:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4455:Heterolobosea
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4447:Discicristata
4444:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4399:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4278:
4277:Viridiplantae
4274:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4198:Microheliella
4195:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4165:
4139:
4138:Actinophryida
4136:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4049:Stramenopiles
4046:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3752:Ichthyosporea
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3699:Rotosphaerida
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3661:Apusomonadida
3659:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3520:Stramenopiles
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3483:(major groups
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3408:
3402:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3240:
3239:Basidiomycota
3236:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:Leotiomycetes
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Xylonomycetes
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3120:Pezizomycetes
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3075:Pichiomycetes
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:Novakomycetes
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2933:Glomeromycota
2930:
2924:
2923:Mucoromycetes
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2782:Olpidiomycota
2779:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:Microsporidia
2581:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2540:Rozellomycota
2537:
2534:
2532:Rozellomyceta
2530:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2480:Stramenopiles
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2443:(major groups
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2409:fungal orders
2406:
2402:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2357:Basidiomycota
2355:
2354:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2320:on 2006-12-21
2319:
2315:
2309:
2295:on 2006-12-21
2294:
2290:
2284:
2270:on 2007-09-28
2269:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2237:
2230:
2224:
2216:
2210:
2196:on 2007-10-25
2195:
2191:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2075:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:(3): 267–85.
2005:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1893:PLOS Genetics
1889:
1882:
1880:
1872:
1867:
1861:, p. 581
1860:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1832:(3): 217–26.
1831:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1748:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1712:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1685:: 1060–1456.
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1601:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1452:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:Hohenbuehelia
1391:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:C. neoformans
1117:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
995:
994:basidiospores
991:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
926:
918:
910:
895:
894:
890:
885:
884:
880:
875:
874:
870:
865:
864:
860:
855:
854:
850:
845:
844:
840:
835:
834:
830:
827:Corner (1966)
825:
824:
820:
815:
814:
810:
807:Wakef. (1934)
805:
804:
800:
795:
794:
790:
787:Oberw. (1990)
785:
784:
780:
775:
774:
770:
765:
764:
760:
755:
754:
750:
745:
744:
740:
735:
734:
730:
725:
724:
720:
715:
714:
710:
705:
704:
700:
695:
694:
690:
685:
684:
680:
675:
674:
670:
665:
664:
663:Anguillomyces
660:
655:
654:
650:
649:
647:
645:
644:
632:
630:
626:
622:
621:Exobasidiales
618:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:
568:Septobasidium
564:
554:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:Hymenomycetes
505:
495:
493:
492:
487:
486:
481:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
456:
452:
449:
448:
447:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
325:
324:basidiospores
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
293:
288:
287:mirror yeasts
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:bracket fungi
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
210:
153:
152:Basidiomycota
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
127:
122:
117:
112:
111:Basidiomycota
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
70:
65:
61:
58:
57:
52:
51:Ernst Haeckel
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Basidiomycete
5772:Fungus phyla
5510:
5481:
5473:
5395:Orthonectida
5390:Gastrotricha
5365:Nematomorpha
5340:Chaetognatha
5330:Hemichordate
5257:Pteridophyta
5198:
5126:Malawimonada
5000:Korarchaeota
4961:Thermotogota
4946:Synergistota
4921:Nitrospirota
4916:Nitrospinota
4861:Deinococcota
4794:Bacteroidota
4694:
4689:paraphyletic
4584:
4565:
4547:
4516:Malawimonada
4496:Anaeromonada
4491:Anaeramoebae
4483:
4459:
4436:Tsukubamonas
4434:
4356:
4349:
4340:Charophyceae
4327:
4320:
4313:Streptophyta
4300:
4284:
4264:
4260:Rhodelphidia
4218:Palpitomonas
4216:
4196:
4185:Pancryptista
4130:
4123:
4060:
4027:
4015:
3995:
3965:
3960:Foraminifera
3958:
3801:
3744:
3738:Tunicaraptor
3736:
3703:
3677:Opisthokonta
3613:
3542:Opisthokonta
3267:Mixiomycetes
3238:
3216:Sareomycetes
2910:Mucoromycota
2724:Coenomycetes
2502:Opisthokonta
2342:
2322:. Retrieved
2318:the original
2308:
2297:. Retrieved
2293:the original
2283:
2272:. Retrieved
2268:the original
2243:. Retrieved
2236:the original
2223:
2198:. Retrieved
2194:the original
2184:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2093:(3): e9620.
2090:
2086:
2062:. Retrieved
2042:
2038:
2028:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1950:
1944:
1934:
1897:
1891:
1866:
1854:
1829:
1823:
1812:
1775:
1771:BMC Genomics
1769:
1759:
1754:, p. 13
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1723:
1711:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1656:
1613:
1607:
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1571:(2): 83–97.
1568:
1565:Aerobiologia
1564:
1554:
1517:
1511:
1491:
1482:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1414:
1408:
1401:Nematoctonus
1399:
1393:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1334:Cryptococcus
1332:
1322:
1315:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1282:
1253:urediospores
1201:
1193:
1188:Cryptococcus
1186:
1180:
1174:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1123:
1119:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1073:
1072:
1063:
1060:and basidia.
1034:basidiocarps
1016:) to form a
999:
978:unifactorial
931:
891:
887:Corda (1837)
881:
871:
861:
857:Vánky (2008)
851:
843:Radulodontia
841:
831:
823:Paraphelaria
821:
811:
801:
791:
783:Kryptastrina
781:
771:
763:Hallenbergia
761:
751:
741:
731:
721:
711:
701:
691:
681:
671:
661:
651:
641:
638:
614:
601:Mixiomycetes
566:
560:
544:
536:Dacrymycetes
501:
489:
483:
480:growth habit
477:
445:
413:Mixiomycetes
397:Dacrymycetes
354:
345:DNA sequence
341:phylogenetic
302:(except for
297:
292:Cryptococcus
290:
267:chanterelles
234:
227:higher fungi
226:
151:
150:
110:
97:Subkingdom:
54:
29:
5628:iNaturalist
5535:Wikispecies
5450:Brachiopoda
5425:Cycliophora
5370:Onychophora
5345:Kinorhyncha
5267:Ginkgophyta
5262:Cycadophyta
5227:Chlorophyta
5217:Glaucophyta
4911:Myxococcota
4829:Chlorobiota
4824:Chlamydiota
4580:Chitinozoan
4506:Parabasalia
4358:Embryophyta
4322:Chlorokybus
4302:Chlorophyta
4250:Glaucophyta
4224:Cryptophyta
4114:Pirsoniales
4081:Bicosoecida
4062:Platysulcus
4035:Perkinsozoa
4017:Apicomplexa
3990:Colponemida
3757:Pluriformea
3626:Archamoebea
3615:Eumycetozoa
3070:Lipomycetes
3001:(sac fungi)
2600:Microsporea
2401:Opisthokont
1941:Hull, C. M.
1702:10481/61998
1524:: 423–452.
1398:with their
1390:rhizomorphs
1388:with their
1331:yeast name
1265:promycelium
1248:aeciospores
1207:Pucciniales
1182:Scleroderma
1142:Craterellus
1038:fruitbodies
986:bifactorial
966:monokaryons
938:Pucciniales
877:Rick (1958)
813:Nodulospora
793:Microstella
773:Hymenoporus
747:Rick (1958)
723:Cleistocybe
713:Celatogloea
677:Rick (1943)
653:Anastomyces
528:jelly fungi
524:fruitbodies
516:fruitbodies
357:mycologists
322:are called
271:earth stars
259:jelly fungi
5761:Categories
5483:Parakaryon
5445:Entoprocta
5380:Arthropoda
5375:Tardigrada
5355:Priapulida
5350:Loricifera
5335:Echinoderm
5305:Ctenophora
5277:Gnetophyta
5232:Charophyta
5222:Rhodophyta
5194:Ascomycota
5189:Zygomycota
5131:Metamonada
5106:Euglenozoa
5091:Ciliophora
4799:Balneolota
4774:Aquificota
4661:Rigifilida
4560:Acritarchs
4485:Barthelona
4476:Metamonada
4461:Euglenozoa
4329:Mesostigma
4285:sensu lato
4266:Rhodophyta
4125:Ochrophyta
4086:Placidozoa
3997:Ciliophora
3967:Radiolaria
3884:Haptophyta
3779:Filasterea
3691:Holomycota
3405:See also:
2998:Ascomycota
2771:Zygomycota
2405:True fungi
2324:2007-04-17
2299:2007-04-17
2289:"Hohenbue"
2274:2007-09-13
2200:2007-09-13
2064:2024-03-12
1679:Mycosphere
1590:16 January
1468:(6): 371.
1448:References
1420:propagules
1413:, and its
1385:Armillaria
1368:sclerotium
1358:Ascomycota
1329:anamorphic
1273:Autoecious
1261:teliospore
1211:Uredinales
1160:Armillaria
1148:Sistotrema
1085:C. cinerea
1046:sterigmata
982:tetrapolar
954:plasmogamy
883:Zygodesmus
803:Neotyphula
733:Cystogloea
545:The class
538:, and the
316:meiospores
247:stinkhorns
219:Ascomycota
107:Division:
5731:100364590
5550:AusLichen
5400:Dicyemida
5272:Pinophyta
5151:Telonemia
5086:Cryptista
5076:Breviatea
5061:Amoebozoa
5056:Alveolata
5037:Eukaryote
4789:Bacillota
4501:Fornicata
4407:Excavates
4209:Cryptista
4132:Oomycetes
4109:Developea
4091:Sagenista
3978:Alveolata
3914:Telonemia
3789:Choanozoa
3666:Breviatea
3609:Tubulinea
3596:Amoebozoa
3537:Amoebozoa
3515:Alveolata
3503:Cryptista
3478:Eukaryota
3448:Eukaryote
2656:Zoosporic
2633:Aphelidea
2497:Amoebozoa
2475:Alveolata
2463:Cryptista
2438:Eukaryota
1939:Lin, X.;
1618:CiteSeerX
1538:0066-4227
1382:conidia,
1354:anamorphs
1318:dimorphic
1311:diaspores
1289:diaspores
1227:spermatia
1215:stem rust
1124:M. maydis
1042:puffballs
1026:ballistic
1014:karyogamy
958:Karyogamy
893:Zygogloea
863:Sinofavus
853:Restilago
683:Arcispora
455:mushrooms
337:cell wall
255:polypores
243:puffballs
215:divisions
116:R.T.Moore
87:Kingdom:
81:Eukaryota
5782:Mycology
5726:Tropicos
5654:MycoBank
5602:Fungorum
5555:30173424
5520:Wikidata
5460:Annelida
5455:Mollusca
5435:Phoronid
5430:Nemertea
5405:Rotifera
5385:Flatworm
5360:Nematoda
5325:Chordate
5315:Cnidaria
5310:Placozoa
5141:Rhizaria
5116:Haptista
5096:Cercozoa
4756:Bacteria
4683:protists
4679:kingdoms
4567:Grypania
4529:Imasidae
4430:Jakobida
3954:Endomyxa
3949:Cercozoa
3941:Rhizaria
3871:Haptista
3803:Animalia
3746:Bicellum
3621:Variosea
3604:Discosea
3582:Amorphea
3532:Amorphea
3510:Rhizaria
3498:Hacrobia
3488:Excavata
3473:Bacteria
2647:Eumycota
2492:Amorphea
2470:Rhizaria
2458:Hacrobia
2448:Excavata
2433:Bacteria
2360:Archived
2314:"8knobs"
2209:cite web
2127:20224779
2087:PLOS ONE
2059:12102002
2020:18295550
1975:15846346
1926:20885784
1846:22326418
1804:24034603
1728:Archived
1640:17572334
1585:84615057
1546:17506673
1426:See also
1405:nematode
1257:uredinia
1223:pycnidia
1058:hymenium
962:dikaryon
942:haploids
753:Eriocybe
512:hymenial
253:, other
77:Domain:
53:'s 1904
5526:Q174698
5440:Bryozoa
5136:Provora
5111:Jakobea
5101:Discoba
5047:Protist
4984:Archaea
4737:Extant
4418:Discoba
4283:Plants
4255:Picozoa
4101:Gyrista
4008:Myzozoa
3861:Provora
3767:Filozoa
3723:Holozoa
3631:Cutosea
3547:Animals
3468:Archaea
3244:basidia
2971:Dikarya
2507:Animals
2428:Archaea
2335:Sources
2245:3 March
2118:2835752
2095:Bibcode
1983:3195603
1955:Bibcode
1917:2944786
1795:3849046
1778:: 617.
1737:2 March
1648:4686378
1337:, e.g.
1269:septate
1239:vectors
1235:Insects
1080:meiosis
1069:Meiosis
1022:Meiosis
1018:diploid
1010:basidia
1006:mitotic
990:meiosis
980:) or a
974:bipolar
970:neither
946:mycelia
873:Zanchia
693:Arrasia
518:), the
328:asexual
312:basidia
310:called
263:boletes
239:agarics
223:Dikarya
101:Dikarya
5708:212608
5695:634628
5679:NZOR:
5646:623881
5594:1BASIP
5300:Sponge
5292:Animal
4691:groups
4073:Bigyra
3647:Obazoa
3525:Plants
3462:Domain
3242:(with
2485:Plants
2422:Domain
2176:789347
2174:
2167:232872
2164:
2125:
2115:
2057:
2018:
1981:
1973:
1946:Nature
1924:
1914:
1844:
1802:
1792:
1646:
1638:
1620:
1583:
1544:
1536:
1166:Xerula
1020:cell.
950:hyphae
603:, and
534:, the
347:data.
320:spores
300:hyphae
289:, and
118:(1980)
5744:21890
5739:WoRMS
5715:PPE:
5659:90050
5633:47169
5607:90050
5209:Plant
5161:Fungi
5081:CRuMs
4643:CRuMs
3705:Fungi
3552:Fungi
3108:Other
2658:fungi
2512:Fungi
2239:(PDF)
2232:(PDF)
1979:S2CID
1731:(PDF)
1720:(PDF)
1644:S2CID
1581:S2CID
1520:(1).
1300:septa
1285:smuts
1279:Smuts
1244:aecia
1203:Rusts
1198:Rusts
474:fungi
464:jelly
308:cells
283:rusts
279:bunts
275:smuts
231:Fungi
91:Fungi
5672:5204
5667:NCBI
5641:ITIS
5615:GBIF
5589:EPPO
5581:5664
5247:Moss
4739:life
4695:bold
3900:TSAR
2247:2022
2215:link
2172:PMID
2123:PMID
2055:PMID
2016:PMID
1971:PMID
1922:PMID
1842:PMID
1800:PMID
1739:2022
1636:PMID
1592:2019
1542:PMID
1534:ISSN
1343:and
1163:and
1122:and
1107:and
1093:and
934:Rust
615:The
561:The
502:The
472:smut
470:and
468:rust
439:and
5576:EoL
5563:CoL
4174:CAM
3930:SAR
2162:PMC
2154:doi
2150:128
2113:PMC
2103:doi
2047:doi
2008:doi
1963:doi
1951:434
1912:PMC
1902:doi
1834:doi
1790:PMC
1780:doi
1697:hdl
1687:doi
1628:doi
1614:111
1573:doi
1526:doi
1470:doi
494:).
335:),
5763::
5741::
5728::
5705::
5692::
5669::
5656::
5643::
5630::
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5591::
5578::
5568:BM
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415:,
411:,
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395:,
391:,
387:,
383:,
379:,
375:,
371:,
363:,
285:,
281:,
277:,
273:,
269:,
265:,
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249:,
245:,
241:,
200:oʊ
191:aɪ
185:oʊ
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