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Basque rural sports

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under 560 kg (1,230 lb). Three lines are marked on the ground, a middle line and parallel to that at 2 m (6 ft 7 in) distance two more. The maximum length of the rope is 32 m (105 ft) with a circumference between 10 and 12.5 cm (3.9 and 4.9 in). There are 5 markers on the rope, a red marker in the middle, 2 m (6 ft 7 in) away from the red marker on either side are white markers and 5 m (16 ft) on either side of those are blue markers. The aim is for a team to get the opposing team's blue marker over the team's own 2 m (6 ft 7 in) line. Hands must always be on the rope and it may not be supported with any other part of the body or allowed to slacken. Only the last member of the team is allowed to wind the rope around their body.
2718: 2307: 1957: 3012: 1162: 1269:) either compete to cut the most grass in a given period of time (usually one hour) or they are each given plots of grass of the same size and the competition is to see who can scythe theirs the fastest. Today the competition usually lasts one hour but two-hour competitions also are still held. At the end, the grass is raked, weighed and baled to establish the winner. Traditionally, as with most Basque sports, the competitors would make a profit by betting but monetary prizes have been put up since the 1950s. 33: 835: 2109: 2842: 955: 1018: 893: 513: 1596: 1770:
Teams now have to row out and a designated person must jump up, grab the goose, hang on to it and try to remove the head before falling off. At the same time, sailors at both ends of the rope try their best to shake the person clinging to the goose off. The team that collects the most heads wins. Inland, the rope is suspended over the ground and the same goal must be achieved from horseback.
679: 2374: 3110: 1084:, cobs are placed at 1.25 m (4 ft 1 in) distances in a line, 25 in a line at the most. The game can be played to 50, 75, or 100 cobs in which case they are placed in sets of 2, 3, or 4. The competitors have to collect these in order (the nearest first) and place them into a basket at one end of the row of cobs. 1586:
The above categories included in the H18K group aside, there are a number of other rural and traditional Basque sports, some of which are extremely popular both in and outside the Basque Country. Some are indigenous, some also occur in areas adjacent to the Basque country or other cultures around the
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The chest can be placed at a range of distances away from the players, usually 8–15 paces. On top of the chest, there is an iron frog with an open mouth, a mill, and a bridge. Underneath are more empty compartments. In most variants, a player who manages to hit the frog's mouth is awarded 50 points;
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The use of scythes is still widespread today as many pastures are too steep for modern farm machinery so scythes are used to cut grass or bracken. Working scythes have blades between 0.9 and 0.95 m (2 ft 11 in and 3 ft 1 in) in length, but competition scythes range from 1.18
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weights have to be carried in both hands as far as possible. There usually is no time limit but the weights weigh between 50 and 100 kg (110 and 220 lb) each and may not be put down or supported by any other part of the body. Competitors may hold them only by the rope handles and are not
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The most difficult part is to get the bale to the required height for the first time. Once that has been achieved, the competitors allow the bale to drop in free fall, grabbing the rope and jumping up at the appropriate moment to use their own body weight to lift the bale again when coming down. A
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There are two variations of this game depending on whether it is played at a seaside town or inland. In a seaside town, a long rope is suspended between a pole on the quay and the mast of a boat. A dead goose (previously live geese were used too) is suspended head down in the middle of the rope.
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There are free competitions in which the weight of the competitors is ignored and more structured events where there are weight categories of 525 kg (1,157 lb), 560 kg (1,230 lb), 640 kg (1,410 lb), and 720 kg (1,590 lb) per team. Juvenile teams are always
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in Basque. It is a traditional ceramic pitcher that resembles a fat teapot, with a diameter at the base of around 20 cm (7.9 in), a lid on the top with about 10 cm (3.9 in) diameter, and about 30 cm (12 in) tall and a fairly large spout. It can either be glazed or
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at a height of 40 cm (16 in) or at an angle with one end over the sawhorse and two members of the sawing team sitting on the lower end to stabilise the log, with two other handling the saw. The saw is usually 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long, the logs vary but can be over 1 m
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The four types of stone most frequently used are rectangular, cylindrical, spherical and square and were established at the beginning of the 20th century. The stones are traditionally made of granite, their weight normally ranging from 100 to 212 kg (220 to 467 lb).
3043:("calves") in Spanish. It derives from a tradition where cattle destined for slaughter were led through the town on long ropes regularly on a particular day of the week (which varies from town to town). Occasionally a bull would break free on run wild, an event called 1543:
in teams of 3 where the runners have to carry heavy sacks across their shoulders. Depending on the area, the sacks contain a variety of things from bread to beans and usually weigh 60 kg (130 lb), 75 kg (165 lb), or 80 kg (180 lb).
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The earliest documented races date back to the mid-1970s, when races were held during local festivals. The first Basque national competition was held in 1976, and they are common events all over the Basque Country today. One of the biggest events, the
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The competition is usually about lifting the bale as often as possible within a given period of time, most commonly 2 minutes. The bale weighs 45 kg (99 lb) in the men's competitions and 30 kg (66 lb) in the women's competition.
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have led many of these becoming technically obsolete in the 19th and 20th century. Few continue to exist as rural or marine activities connected to everyday life and have become rare but many have managed to transform themselves into popular
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There are usually two stone-lifters competing in each event, taking turns in one or several attempts, to perform the greatest possible number of lifts. A lift is considered complete when the stone has been properly balanced on the shoulder.
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that is suspended horizontally over water. A piece of cloth is attached to the far end of the yard and competitors have to try to reach it and retrieve it. A variant uses a greased vertical pole. It can also be spelled
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of 28 m (92 ft) as possible. Competitors each set their own pace and may stop (without putting the weights down). Champions typically manage 400 to 500 m (1,300 to 1,600 ft). It is similar to the
1785:(goose day), held between 1 and 8 September, which goes back at least to the year 1877, when it was played only by sailors. It has also been celebrated on other days in other villages, sometimes (for example in 2642:
was traditionally used to prepare the holes into which explosives were then placed from the 15th century onwards. As a pastime, the miners would see who could throw the heavy tool the furthest in their breaks.
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weighing 360 kg (790 lb), 40 cm (16 in) above the ground. The cart is pivoted to the ground at the front end and competitors must rotate it, trying to go around as many times as possible.
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Some frog chests have obstacles built into the frog, mill, and bridge to make the game more difficult. Discs that have hit any mark are collected at the back of the chest via a set of metal tubes.
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allowed to put their hands through the handles. It is possible for competitors to bring their own, favourite weights, but they are checked by judges beforehand. The aim is to complete as many
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was a very widespread instrument used to loosen soil. With the advent of modern farming machinery, its use is now restricted to area machines cannot reach, for example on high slopes, and
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In this competition, the wood cutter has to chop through a number of tree trunks arranged on the ground in rows as quickly as possible while standing on the log to beat his competitors.
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was once one of the most popular and widespread of Basque sports. Its popularity waned during the 19th century. Having died out in most areas, it survived the longest in parts of
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or drummer. In the old days the goal was to remove the head from the chicken once it was located but when played today, it is sufficient to touch the head. The most famous
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weighing 18 kg (40 lb), 30 cm (12 in) above the height of their own head, as many times as possible in a set time period. The anvil has the shape of an
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While most of the best world players are Basque (in either the Spanish or the French federations), it is by no means limited to the Basque Country and is also played in
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These normally take place on specially built trial grounds. The aim is to cover a certain distance within a given time or to cover as many circuits as possible. The
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are also increasingly popular. Identifying the best dogs for breeding is an important part to these competitions. A major Basque sheepdog trial event is held in
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The rams are trained and fed on a variety of secret diets involving things like beans, apples, red wine, carrots or egg yolk. A basic fight goes over at least 8
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Today this is sometimes also practised in bullrings, either temporary or permanent, using calves rather. If fully grown bulls are used it is as a prelude for a
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a game where a chicken is buried to the neck and blindfolded. Competitors, themselves blindfolded too, have to locate the chicken guided by the music of a
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This sport hails back to the days when fishermen had to reach fishing grounds quickly and return to port as quickly as possible to achieve the best price.
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25 points are awarded for getting the disc under the mill, 10 for the bridge, and 5 for any of the compartments below. Other scoring systems also exist.
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Sheepdog trials in the Basque Country are very similar to those held in other countries and involves a sheepdog having to herd a flock of ewes into a
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competition involves having to grind holes into a rock. Teams of three compete against each other. They take turns in using a long metal pole (called
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in bets were placed. Mendizabal won, cutting 4,294 kg (9,467 lb) of grass in two hours against his rival's 3,957 kg (8,724 lb).
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and is a collective term for a number of sports in which humans and animals are involved in dragging heavy weights. There are four main categories:
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is also traditional in the Basque Country. Usually two teams of eight compete, trying to drag the other team over a line by pulling on the rope.
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This is game involves throwing small objects like pebbles, balls or coins across a distance, trying to hit the target, a vertical metal pole.
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and competed up until 1915. Another famed event was the competition of 1925 in Iturriotz when, before a crowd of 6,000, Pedro Mendizabal from
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tool weighing between 8 and 25 kg (18 and 55 lb) as far as possible. Various throwing techniques were employed, most involving the
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amended its rules to exclude techniques that at any point in time involve the athlete or the javelin face or point towards the audience.
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where the players face each other in two separate fields separated by a net or line on the ground. The Basques began playing pelota
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There are few actual records in this sport as it very much depends on the terrain and is thus difficult to compare. But a number of
3254: 826:(wood chopping), stone lifting is another example a widely performed rural sport at local festivities all over the Basque Country. 499: 1631: 2124:(cider houses) and taverns. The aim of the game is to score as many points as possible by throwing ten metal discs at a chest. 2880:
But the main innovation of Basque pilota is that players share a common playground and throw the ball to a wall, making it an
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In this game, two players sit on the ground with their feet touching, separated by a plank. Both players also hold onto a
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and has been held at irregular intervals since, the last time on 28 June 2008 when the IX World Championship was held.
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are three-wheelers and the early versions simply consisted of a triangular frame on three wheels or even scavenged
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and crosses all parts of the Basque Country. The goal is not competition, but the raising of funds and awareness.
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The most important competition in the Bay of Biscay in summer takes place the first two Sundays in September: the
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This sport is often seen in summer at local festivities and open-air dances, held in towns all over the country.
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unglazed, with one or three handles (if it was designed to be hung) that was traditionally used to carry water.
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is one of the most widely known Basque rural sport outside the Basque Country, largely thanks to the prowess of
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during the middle of the 19th century. For the different variations of Basque pelota, see the main article on
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Sometimes this would happen at night, with lights attached to the bulls, the most likely forerunner of the
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family are picked to compete as a team, the task being to turn over a plot of land as quickly as possible.
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Virtually all regional Basque rural sports have their origin in the two main historical occupations, the
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have achieved fame nonetheless, for example the legendary Pedro Maria Otaño Ezeitza, commonly known as
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played both in the Basque Country and outside. In the Basque Country, it is commonly played in Basque
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also features in Basque rural sports and works along similar lines as other sheep shearing contests.
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tests) where people attempt to drag a heavy weight, usually a large rock, across a certain distance
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with a plank to sit upon, which children would race down the slopes found in many Basque towns.
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are another lively example of the Basque traditional pastoral lifestyle. They're also called
2237: 118: 3094: 3052: 2775:. It is difficult to ascertain how old the sport is but one of the earliest records of the 2659: 1667:, they are also said to be too placid so the preference is for rams from the region around 155: 8: 3186: 309: 123: 1956: 638:, in its Strategic Plan for promotion. These 18 categories are (in alphabetical order): 406: 2580: 2222:
Also a popular sport in the Basque country. There are broadly speaking two categories:
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The "oxcart game" is a display of strength. Contestants have to lift the back of an ox
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and involve sawing through pieces of wood. The log is either fixed horizontally on
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being used to carry water on the head dates back to a Dutch book from 1603 called
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which means "from the top to the bottom". Unlike most European soapbox cars, the
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to 1.24 m (3 ft 10 in to 4 ft 1 in) in length. A decent
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A calf with covered horn tips runs among youths in the Pamplona bull ring.
572:(fisher), with a larger percentage hailing from the rural background. The 2920: 2866: 2386: 2322: 2121: 1912: 916:
with a stump at one point or an elongated T and is traditionally used in
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and the aim of a race is to get to the finish line without dropping the
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and centre around a set of pins that must be knocked down with a ball.
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El Gobierno vasco prohíbe las peleas de carneros en Iurreta. El Correo
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translates as "the shearing of sheep's wool" and it is also known as
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in Spanish, is practiced in parts of the Basque Country, especially
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throwing technique based on the Basque techniques of throwing the
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competition usually involves milk-cans and is very similar to the
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competition. Competitors have to carry a 41 kg (90 lb)
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can manage some 5,000 m (54,000 sq ft) in a day.
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The origins of this sport are in the mining industry where the
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Literally "axe test", this rural sport more commonly known as
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The name of this sport literally translates as "snout rope" (
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goes back at least to the early 20th century. The name is a
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11 people dragging a 4,000 kg (8,800 lb) stone in
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The Basque sport best known outside the Basque Country is
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in the 19th and 20th century with the walkers wearing the
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in each hand as far as possible. This game is also called
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Documentary on Basque rural sports with English subtitles
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battled each other. Legend has it that more than 150,000
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This term in Basque covers two sorts of chicken games:
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which has an illustration of a Basque woman carrying a
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activities around the Basque Country, in particular in
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in June today but the game used to be more widespread.
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even in Spanish. They occur in the Basque Country and
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Although the strongest rams are said to come from the
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instead, some of which have become extremely popular.
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races, usually of more than 10 km (6.2 mi).
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Literally "scythe game", this sport is also known as
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horses. Champions manage some 80 lifts in 2 minutes.
884:(drillers, from the Spanish word) in Basque as well. 673: 3288:
Gure Herria: Tradiciones y Costumbres del País Vasco
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shooting is particularly popular in the area around
1469: 1451: 2926:As such it has been an Olympic exhibition sport in 2907:and places where Basques have emigrated to such as 1945: 1811: 1719: 887: 3154: 1114: 2969:follows broadly the same rules as anywhere else. 2100:to where they were exported by Basque emigrants. 1838: 1064: 949: 896:Bittor Zabala in an anvil lifting competition in 829: 776: 3400: 2290:have been largely supplanted by modern forms of 2029:In the Basque Country the tradition of building 1986:The crew is made up of thirteen oarsmen and the 1522: 1012: 641: 2731:This sport involves a pitcher variously called 2560:until its ultimate demise in the 20th century. 2368: 3006: 2960: 2830: 2420:and race, not dissimilar to a race on stilts. 2412:race where the competitors stand on a pair of 2024: 1590: 908:requires competitors to lift an iron anvil or 773:are by far the most popular in this category. 634:identified 18 particular rural sports, called 3206: 3129: 3037: 2993: 2935: 2810: 2687: 2679: 2512: 2491: 2473: 2452: 2444: 2344: 2332: 2230:where a circle with a 15 m (49 ft) 2184: 2172: 2156: 2140: 2090: 2078: 2004: 1924: 1737: 1706: 1561: 1553: 1513: 1505: 1431: 1423: 1355: 1325: 1193: 1089: 1055: 992: 929: 870: 493: 3217: 3179: 3164: 3141: 3080: 3068: 3057: 3045: 3029: 3021: 2985: 2947: 2821: 2795: 2777: 2769: 2761: 2749: 2722: 2708: 2698: 2636: 2624: 2614: 2604: 2593: 2585: 2573: 2565: 2533: 2503: 2464: 2425: 2414: 2406: 2398: 2359: 2284: 2265: 2257: 2200: 2047: 2039: 1996: 1936: 1829: 1821: 1779: 1758: 1749: 1691: 1612: 1572: 1533: 1493: 1485: 1483:variously shows up in dialect forms such as 1477: 1442: 1403: 1395: 1387: 1366: 1310: 1274: 1263: 1244: 1236: 1228: 1220: 1204: 1181: 1147: 1139: 1125: 1101: 1078: 1036: 1003: 940: 878: 851: 797: 751: 731: 713: 699: 653: 610: 602: 594: 566: 1254:dating back to 1880 about a competition in 1045:This sport is very similar to the Scottish 2853:. It is a Basque version of the family of 2301: 1907:Espadrila jaurtiketa (espadrilles tossing) 500: 486: 2869:, all of them thought to derive from the 2103: 1156: 3387:, a Basque sports organisation from the 3301:Ahari-apustuak: herri kirolen bitxikeria 3108: 3010: 2840: 2716: 2372: 2305: 2107: 1955: 1895:Basques have also their own variants of 1850: 1594: 1334: 1213: 1160: 1016: 953: 891: 833: 677: 625: 511: 16:Sports competitions of the Basque people 3170:or "shepherd dogs skill competitions". 3166:artzain txakurren trebetasun lehiaketak 2759:It is carried on a head cushion called 2548:Palanka jaurtiketa (metal bar throwing) 1972:competition all along the coast of the 1622:(ram bump) are very popular around the 3401: 3260:The Basque Federation for Rural Sports 2591:twisting around before launching the 1884: 1599:Basque ram-fighting in the square of 1581: 387:Basque Country national football team 3333:Government of Biscay, Bilbao, 2006, 3316: 3093:, which is a regular feature of the 2385:This is a competition involving the 2310:Greasing the Cockaigne pole for the 2076:The normal soapbox races are called 1915:, a kind of shoe with a straw sole. 1773:The most famous of these is held in 2217: 1375: 616:, literally "one who has a beret". 13: 3354:, Congreso de Estudios Vascos 1919 3283:Etxegoien, J. Orhipean, Xamar 1996 1789:) using chicken instead of geese. 1261:In this sport competitors (called 674:Giza-abere probak (dragging games) 14: 3425: 3360: 2282:The traditional forms of running 1452:Txinga eramatea (weight carrying) 2845:Playing pilota with wooden bats. 2338:, a word which derives from the 2248:, is held once a year in aid of 1946:Estropadak (rowing competitions) 1812:Ardi ile moztea (sheep shearing) 1720:Aitzur jaurtiketa (hoe throwing) 979:lot of skill is needed to avoid 888:Ingude altxatzea (anvil lifting) 860:This tradition goes back to the 664:communities of earlier periods. 31: 3394:Basque sports on Donquijote.org 3374:(in French, Basque and Spanish) 3267:(a sports culture organisation) 3155:Txakur probak (sheepdog trials) 2646:Curiously, the Spanish athlete 2599:. Some techniques by name are: 1630:(between October and June) and 1115:Ontzi eramatea (churn carrying) 3344: 3305: 3294: 2063:Goitibehera Munduko Txapelketa 1976:and the Northern coast of the 1839:Asto arineketan (donkey races) 1065:Lokotx biltzea (cob gathering) 950:Lasto altxatzea (bale lifting) 830:Harri zulaketa (hole drilling) 777:Harri jasotzea (stone lifting) 136:History of the Basque language 1: 3248: 3063:, the game of the rope boys. 2524:, which was outlawed in 1926. 2088:, but this version is called 1523:Zaku eramatea (sack carrying) 1401:, are seen as a variation of 1013:Lasto botatzea (bale tossing) 642:Aizkora proba (wood chopping) 315:Maskarada (carnival of Soule) 2369:Laiariak (laia competitions) 2325:game is usually played on a 876:"drillers" and occasionally 7: 3238:Basque breeds and cultivars 3226: 3219:concours de chien de berger 3007:Soka-muturra (bull-herding) 2972: 2961:Pulsolariak (arm wrestling) 2831:Esku Pilota (Basque pelota) 2648:Miguel de la Quadra-Salcedo 2244:A highly popular race, the 2025:Goitibeherak (soapbox cars) 1686:controversially banned the 1591:Ahari topeka (ram fighting) 1555:carreras de contrabandistas 1458:weight carrying competition 1425:corte de troncos con tronza 166:Pastoral (theatre of Soule) 10: 3430: 3280:, Auñamendi, Donostia 1978 2834: 2513:Oilar jokoa (chicken game) 2474:Makil tira (stick pulling) 1949: 1888: 1879:compétition avec escopette 1762: 1385:competitions, also called 1076:competitions, also called 868:. In Spanish it is called 780: 645: 3208:concursos de perro pastor 2930:, Mexico, and Barcelona. 1897:dirt-track and lawn bowls 1759:Antzar jokoa (goose game) 690:This sport translates as 588:Winners receive a Basque 24:Culture of Basque Country 3352:Tradiciones y Costumbres 3278:Juegos y deportes vascos 2873:and hence a relative of 2700:lancement de bar de mine 1990:, who faces them at the 1926:lanzamiento de alpargata 1610:, also variously called 3389:Northern Basque Country 3273:(in Basque and Spanish) 3181:euskal artzain txakurra 3104: 2786:Theatrum Orbis Terrarum 2630:"from between the legs" 2554:throwing of a metal bar 2396:A variation of this is 2302:Kukaina (yard climbing) 2198:, it is referred to as 1994:. The boats are called 1862:in the Basque Country. 1659:mountain range between 1641:(attacks), also called 1559:("smugglers' runs") or 1103:course des épis de maïs 3218: 3207: 3180: 3165: 3142: 3130: 3121: 3081: 3069: 3058: 3046: 3038: 3030: 3022: 3016: 2994: 2986: 2948: 2936: 2846: 2822: 2811: 2796: 2778: 2770: 2762: 2750: 2728: 2727:s in the 18th century. 2723: 2709: 2699: 2688: 2680: 2637: 2625: 2615: 2605: 2594: 2586: 2574: 2566: 2534: 2504: 2492: 2465: 2453: 2445: 2426: 2415: 2407: 2399: 2382: 2360: 2345: 2333: 2315: 2285: 2266: 2258: 2201: 2185: 2173: 2157: 2141: 2138:, this game is called 2113: 2104:Igel jokoa (frog game) 2091: 2080:carreras de carrilanas 2079: 2048: 2040: 2005: 1997: 1965: 1937: 1925: 1830: 1822: 1780: 1750: 1738: 1707: 1692: 1613: 1604: 1573: 1562: 1554: 1534: 1514: 1506: 1494: 1486: 1478: 1443: 1432: 1424: 1404: 1396: 1388: 1367: 1356: 1326: 1323:this is simply called 1311: 1296:and Jose Arrieta from 1275: 1264: 1245: 1237: 1229: 1221: 1205: 1195:levantamiento de carro 1194: 1182: 1168: 1157:Orga jokoa (cart game) 1148: 1140: 1126: 1102: 1090: 1079: 1056: 1037: 1025: 1004: 994:levantamiento de fardo 993: 961: 941: 930: 901: 879: 871: 852: 842: 798: 752: 732: 714: 700: 687: 654: 611: 603: 595: 567: 521: 50:History of the Basques 3271:Department of Culture 3112: 3055:. It's also known as 3014: 2844: 2720: 2376: 2309: 2111: 1959: 1871:puntería con escopeta 1851:Blankolari (shooting) 1704:This sport is called 1598: 1335:Sokatira (tug-of-war) 1214:Sega jokoa (scything) 1164: 1020: 957: 895: 837: 803:(stone-lifter) from 681: 626:The H18K rural sports 515: 3177:. Traditionally the 3095:Running of the Bulls 2681:lanzamiento de barra 2660:1960 Summer Olympics 2318:This variant of the 2202:jeu de la grenouille 1739:lanzamiento de azada 1626:basin in towns like 1091:recogida de mazorcas 1057:lanzamiento de fardo 1021:Hay bale tossing in 931:alzamiento de yunque 574:sociological changes 3255:Rural Basque Sports 3187:Basque shepherd dog 2812:carrera de pedarras 2571:(thrower) throws a 2314:in Buñol, Valencia. 2116:The frog game is a 1938:lancer d'espadrille 1911:A game of throwing 1724:A game of throwing 1145:"milk carrying" or 525:Basque rural sports 377:Basque rural sports 348:and performing arts 124:Aquitanian language 3414:Traditional sports 3383:2007-09-28 at the 3122: 3059:soka-mutilen jokoa 3017: 2847: 2823:course de pedarras 2729: 2710:Pegarra lasterketa 2610:"with half a turn" 2581:traditional mining 2383: 2316: 2114: 1966: 1960:Competing for the 1885:Bola jokoa (bowls) 1847:but with donkeys. 1835:"sheep shearing". 1708:peleas de carneros 1657:Aralar Mendilerroa 1605: 1582:Other rural sports 1179:It is also called 1169: 1026: 962: 902: 843: 692:Human-animal tests 688: 522: 520:lifting the stone. 417:Biarritz Olympique 412:Basque Rugby union 392:Athletic de Bilbao 3327:El juego de bolos 3053:running the bulls 2721:Basques carrying 2255:A variant of the 2210:, it is known as 1978:Iberian Peninsula 1684:Basque Government 1515:carreras marmitas 1507:prueba de txingas 1206:lever de charette 906:lifting of anvils 789:lifting of stones 783:Harrijasotzaileak 761:tests) - same as 743:tests) - same as 723:tests) - same as 632:Basque Government 510: 509: 114:Navarro-Aragonese 3421: 3355: 3348: 3342: 3320: 3314: 3309: 3303: 3298: 3221: 3210: 3183: 3168: 3145: 3133: 3131:juego de la raya 3113:Basques playing 3084: 3072: 3061: 3049: 3041: 3035:"snout"). It is 3033: 3025: 2997: 2989: 2951: 2939: 2875:Valencian pilota 2825: 2814: 2799: 2791:Abraham Ortelius 2781: 2773: 2765: 2753: 2726: 2712: 2702: 2691: 2683: 2640: 2628: 2620:"from the chest" 2618: 2608: 2597: 2589: 2577: 2569: 2537: 2507: 2495: 2468: 2456: 2448: 2429: 2418: 2410: 2402: 2377:Laiariak in the 2363: 2348: 2336: 2288: 2269: 2261: 2218:Korrika (racing) 2212:toad in the hole 2204: 2188: 2176: 2160: 2144: 2142:juego de la rana 2094: 2082: 2051: 2043: 2019:Kontxako Bandera 2008: 2000: 1962:Kontxako Bandera 1940: 1928: 1833: 1825: 1783: 1753: 1741: 1710: 1695: 1616: 1576: 1565: 1563:carrera con saco 1557: 1537: 1517: 1509: 1497: 1489: 1481: 1446: 1435: 1427: 1407: 1399: 1391: 1376:Trontza (sawing) 1370: 1359: 1329: 1314: 1288:who was also an 1278: 1267: 1248: 1242:(scythe bet) or 1240: 1232: 1224: 1208: 1197: 1185: 1153:"can carrying". 1151: 1143: 1131: 1105: 1093: 1082: 1059: 1040: 1007: 996: 959:Hay-bale lifting 944: 933: 882: 874: 855: 801: 765:but with donkeys 755: 737: 717: 703: 662:charcoal burning 659: 614: 606: 598: 570: 529:Deportes Rurales 502: 495: 488: 467:Gernikako Arbola 422:Aviron Bayonnais 407:Deportivo Alavés 310:Saint John's Eve 300:Basque festivals 260:Espelette pepper 255:Irouléguy (wine) 240:Idiazabal cheese 35: 26: 19: 18: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3399: 3398: 3385:Wayback Machine 3363: 3358: 3349: 3345: 3321: 3317: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3295: 3251: 3229: 3204:this is called 3160:Sheepdog trials 3157: 3107: 3099:Iruñea/Pamplona 3009: 2977: 2963: 2839: 2833: 2808:this is called 2715: 2677:this is called 2550: 2515: 2489:this is called 2476: 2442:this is called 2433:kitchen gardens 2400:laia lasterketa 2371: 2304: 2220: 2106: 2027: 1968:A very popular 1954: 1948: 1922:this is called 1909: 1893: 1887: 1869:this is called 1853: 1841: 1823:Ardi ile moztea 1814: 1798:juego de gansos 1796:this is called 1767: 1761: 1735:this is called 1722: 1618:(ram bets) and 1593: 1584: 1551:this is called 1535:zaku lasterketa 1525: 1503:this is called 1454: 1421:this is called 1378: 1353:this is called 1337: 1234:(scythe test), 1216: 1191:this is called 1159: 1128:txinga eramatea 1117: 1080:buskail biltzea 1067: 1053:this is called 1038:lasto altxatzea 1015: 1005:lever de paille 990:this is called 952: 942:lever d'enclume 927:this is called 914:obtuse triangle 890: 880:barrenatzaileak 832: 799:harrijasotzaile 785: 779: 727:but with horses 676: 650: 644: 628: 518:harrijasotzaile 506: 477: 476: 437: 436: 427: 426: 372: 371: 360: 359: 350: 349: 330: 329: 290: 289: 280: 279: 265:Piquillo pepper 205: 204: 186: 185: 176:Mus (card game) 151: 150: 141: 140: 129:Basque surnames 104:Basque dialects 99:Standard Basque 89: 88: 77: 76: 67: 66: 55: 54: 45: 44: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3427: 3417: 3416: 3411: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3375: 3369: 3362: 3361:External links 3359: 3357: 3356: 3343: 3315: 3304: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3257: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3245: 3243:Highland Games 3240: 3235: 3228: 3225: 3197:in September. 3191:border collies 3156: 3153: 3143:jeu de la raie 3106: 3103: 3047:karrera egitea 3008: 3005: 2991:in Basque and 2976: 2971: 2962: 2959: 2835:Main article: 2832: 2829: 2714: 2713:(pitcher race) 2706: 2632: 2631: 2621: 2611: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2525: 2514: 2511: 2475: 2472: 2370: 2367: 2303: 2300: 2250:Basque schools 2242: 2241: 2235: 2226:races held in 2219: 2216: 2105: 2102: 2026: 2023: 1950:Main article: 1947: 1944: 1908: 1905: 1889:Main article: 1886: 1883: 1852: 1849: 1840: 1837: 1817:Sheep shearing 1813: 1810: 1760: 1757: 1751:lancer de houe 1721: 1718: 1699:animal welfare 1614:ahari apustuak 1592: 1589: 1583: 1580: 1531:, also called 1524: 1521: 1470:churn carrying 1453: 1450: 1444:scieur de bois 1389:trontzalaritza 1377: 1374: 1368:tir à la corde 1336: 1333: 1215: 1212: 1187:in Basque. In 1158: 1155: 1121:churn carrying 1116: 1113: 1066: 1063: 1034:is related to 1014: 1011: 951: 948: 889: 886: 839:Harri zulaketa 831: 828: 822:Together with 793:Iñaki Perurena 781:Main article: 778: 775: 767: 766: 748: 728: 710: 675: 672: 646:Main article: 643: 640: 627: 624: 578:Basque Country 508: 507: 505: 504: 497: 490: 482: 479: 478: 475: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 438: 434: 433: 432: 429: 428: 425: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 373: 367: 366: 365: 362: 361: 358: 357: 351: 344: 343: 342: 339: 338: 332: 331: 328: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 291: 287: 286: 285: 282: 281: 278: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 206: 200: 199: 198: 195: 194: 188: 187: 184: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 152: 148: 147: 146: 143: 142: 139: 138: 132: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 90: 84: 83: 82: 79: 78: 75: 74: 68: 62: 61: 60: 57: 56: 53: 52: 46: 42: 41: 40: 37: 36: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3426: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3353: 3347: 3340: 3339:84-88916-96-5 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3313: 3308: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3233:Basque people 3231: 3230: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3209: 3203: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3182: 3176: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3161: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3144: 3138: 3134: 3132: 3127:It is called 3125: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3077: 3073: 3071: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3054: 3050: 3048: 3042: 3040: 3034: 3032: 3026: 3024: 3013: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2996: 2990: 2988: 2982: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2967:arm wrestling 2958: 2956: 2952: 2950: 2949:pelote basque 2944: 2940: 2938: 2933:It is called 2931: 2929: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2917:United States 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2895: 2894:Basque pelota 2891: 2887: 2883: 2882:indirect game 2878: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2851:Basque pelota 2843: 2838: 2837:Basque Pelota 2828: 2826: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2813: 2807: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2766: 2764: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2725: 2719: 2711: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2690: 2684: 2682: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2629: 2627: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2602: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2590: 2588: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2570: 2568: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2542: 2538: 2536: 2530: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2500: 2496: 2494: 2493:Tiro del palo 2488: 2483: 2481: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2461: 2457: 2455: 2449: 2447: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2428: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2411: 2409: 2403: 2401: 2394: 2392: 2388: 2380: 2375: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2361:monter du mât 2357: 2353: 2349: 2347: 2341: 2337: 2335: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2313: 2308: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2287: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2268: 2262: 2260: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2239: 2238:cross country 2236: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2203: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2175: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2159: 2158:juego de sapo 2153: 2149: 2145: 2143: 2137: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2123: 2122:sagardotegiak 2119: 2112:The frog game 2110: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2093: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2058: 2056: 2055:ball bearings 2052: 2050: 2044: 2042: 2041:goitik-behera 2036: 2032: 2022: 2020: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2007: 2001: 1999: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1974:Bay of Biscay 1971: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1933: 1929: 1927: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1892: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1848: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1826: 1824: 1818: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1782: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1765:goose pulling 1756: 1754: 1752: 1746: 1742: 1740: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1709: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1694: 1693:ahari topekas 1689: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1615: 1609: 1602: 1597: 1588: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1574:course de sac 1570: 1566: 1564: 1558: 1556: 1550: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1530: 1529:sack carrying 1520: 1518: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1502: 1498: 1496: 1490: 1488: 1482: 1480: 1473: 1472:competition. 1471: 1466: 1465: 1459: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1440: 1436: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1420: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1400: 1398: 1392: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1364: 1360: 1358: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1341: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1277: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1247: 1241: 1239: 1233: 1231: 1225: 1223: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1190: 1186: 1184: 1177: 1174: 1167: 1163: 1154: 1152: 1150: 1149:ontziketariak 1144: 1142: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1129: 1122: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1104: 1098: 1094: 1092: 1087:It is called 1085: 1083: 1081: 1075: 1073: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1033: 1031: 1024: 1019: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1001: 997: 995: 989: 984: 982: 976: 972: 970: 968: 960: 956: 947: 945: 943: 938: 934: 932: 926: 921: 919: 915: 911: 907: 899: 894: 885: 883: 881: 875: 873: 867: 863: 858: 856: 854: 848: 847:hole drilling 840: 836: 827: 825: 820: 816: 812: 810: 806: 802: 800: 794: 790: 784: 774: 772: 764: 760: 756: 754: 749: 747:but with oxen 746: 742: 738: 736: 735: 729: 726: 722: 718: 716: 711: 708: 704: 702: 697: 696: 695: 693: 685: 680: 671: 668: 665: 663: 658: 657: 649: 639: 637: 633: 630:In 2006, the 623: 621: 617: 615: 613: 607: 605: 599: 597: 591: 586: 584: 579: 575: 571: 569: 564:(farmer) and 563: 562: 556: 554: 550: 546: 545:Basque people 542: 538: 537:Herri Kirolak 534: 530: 526: 519: 514: 503: 498: 496: 491: 489: 484: 483: 481: 480: 473: 472:Basque stella 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 439: 431: 430: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 397:Real Sociedad 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 382:Basque pelota 380: 378: 375: 374: 370: 364: 363: 356: 353: 352: 347: 341: 340: 337: 334: 333: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 284: 283: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 245:Gateau Basque 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 207: 203: 197: 196: 193: 190: 189: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 161:Bertsolaritza 159: 157: 154: 153: 145: 144: 137: 134: 133: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 91: 87: 81: 80: 73: 70: 69: 65: 59: 58: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 34: 30: 29: 25: 21: 20: 3409:Basque sport 3351: 3346: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3307: 3296: 3287: 3277: 3216: 3205: 3199: 3189:is kept but 3178: 3172: 3163: 3158: 3140: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3114: 3088: 3079: 3067: 3065: 3056: 3044: 3036: 3028: 3020: 3018: 2992: 2984: 2981:bull-leaping 2978: 2964: 2946: 2937:pelota vasca 2934: 2932: 2925: 2898: 2889: 2886:direct games 2885: 2881: 2879: 2871:Jeu de paume 2857:that covers 2848: 2820: 2809: 2803: 2794: 2784: 2776: 2768: 2760: 2758: 2748: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2730: 2697: 2686: 2678: 2672: 2655: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2623: 2613: 2603: 2592: 2584: 2572: 2564: 2562: 2553: 2551: 2532: 2522:cockfighting 2516: 2505:tir au bâton 2502: 2490: 2484: 2477: 2463: 2451: 2443: 2437: 2424: 2422: 2413: 2405: 2397: 2395: 2384: 2358: 2343: 2331: 2317: 2283: 2281: 2264: 2256: 2254: 2243: 2221: 2199: 2183: 2174:tiro al sapo 2171: 2155: 2139: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2115: 2089: 2077: 2075: 2071:San Fermínes 2062: 2059: 2049:goitibeherak 2046: 2038: 2031:soapbox cars 2028: 2016: 2003: 1995: 1985: 1982: 1967: 1961: 1935: 1923: 1917: 1910: 1894: 1878: 1870: 1864: 1854: 1845:horse racing 1842: 1828: 1820: 1815: 1805: 1797: 1791: 1781:Antzar Eguna 1778: 1772: 1768: 1748: 1736: 1730: 1723: 1705: 1703: 1690: 1681: 1654: 1649: 1642: 1638: 1636: 1619: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1585: 1571: 1560: 1552: 1546: 1532: 1528: 1526: 1512: 1504: 1492: 1484: 1476: 1474: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1441: 1430: 1422: 1416: 1405:aizkolaritza 1402: 1394: 1386: 1380: 1379: 1365: 1354: 1348: 1344: 1338: 1324: 1318: 1309: 1306: 1281: 1273: 1271: 1262: 1260: 1243: 1238:sega apustua 1235: 1227: 1226:(scythers), 1219: 1217: 1203: 1192: 1180: 1178: 1170: 1165: 1146: 1141:esneketariak 1138: 1124: 1120: 1118: 1100: 1088: 1086: 1077: 1070: 1068: 1054: 1044: 1035: 1028: 1027: 1002: 991: 985: 977: 973: 965: 963: 958: 939: 928: 922: 909: 905: 903: 877: 872:barrenadores 869: 859: 850: 846: 844: 838: 824:aizkolaritza 821: 817: 813: 796: 786: 770: 768: 762: 750: 744: 730: 724: 715:Zaldi probak 712: 698: 691: 689: 669: 666: 656:aizkolaritza 651: 648:Aizkolaritza 635: 629: 618: 609: 601: 593: 587: 565: 561:baserritarra 559: 557: 549:force basque 548: 536: 528: 524: 523: 517: 447:Coat of arms 376: 355:Basque music 325:Aberri Eguna 320:Herri Urrats 250:Rioja (wine) 225:Basque cider 181:Basque dance 119:Erromintxela 3350:Mugika, G. 3276:Agirre, R. 3082:zezen-suzko 3070:zezen-suzko 3027:"rope" and 2987:errekorteak 2921:Philippines 2911:, (home of 2867:real tennis 2689:barra vasca 2626:hankartetik 2606:bueltaerdiz 2539:is held in 2535:oilar jokoa 2323:greasy pole 2182:, and just 2069:during the 2035:contraction 1913:espadrilles 1843:Similar to 1831:ardi moztea 1697:in 2007 on 1620:ahari talka 1282:Santa Ageda 1246:segalaritza 841:competition 763:giza probak 753:Asto probak 745:giza probak 725:giza probak 701:Giza probak 568:arrantzalea 551:is used in 547:. The term 527:, known as 462:Zazpiak Bat 235:Cider house 3403:Categories 3323:Bola jokoa 3286:Feliu, C. 3249:References 3078:". 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In 2194:. In 2152:Chile 2148:Spain 1992:stern 1860:Eibar 1673:Andia 1632:Arroa 1624:Urola 1601:Eibar 1499:. In 1464:plaza 1327:siega 1284:from 1049:. In 898:Eibar 807:, in 721:horse 707:human 684:Eibar 596:boina 590:beret 369:Sport 346:Music 215:Txoko 171:Beret 3335:ISBN 3175:fold 3139:and 3115:toka 3105:Toka 3074:or " 3023:soka 2945:and 2747:and 2739:bera 2668:IAAF 2664:Rome 2579:, a 2563:The 2552:The 2427:laia 2423:The 2408:laia 2404:, a 2387:laia 2327:yard 2294:and 2186:rana 2166:and 2164:Peru 2150:and 1726:hoes 1682:The 1663:and 1527:The 1173:cart 1119:The 1099:and 904:The 845:The 795:, a 787:The 741:oxen 636:H18K 442:Flag 3372:EKE 3200:In 3185:or 3147:in 3135:in 3117:in 3097:in 2953:in 2941:in 2804:In 2789:by 2685:or 2673:In 2662:in 2501:as 2485:In 2462:as 2450:or 2438:In 2190:in 2178:in 2162:in 2146:in 2134:In 2084:in 2037:of 2010:in 1988:cox 1934:as 1918:In 1877:as 1865:In 1804:as 1792:In 1777:on 1747:as 1731:In 1712:in 1547:In 1511:or 1491:or 1417:In 1393:or 1349:In 1319:In 1294:Aia 1107:in 1095:in 1072:cob 1069:In 986:In 923:In 600:or 539:in 535:or 531:in 3405:: 3223:. 3151:. 3101:. 3003:. 2957:. 2923:. 2903:, 2896:. 2877:. 2861:, 2827:. 2801:. 2741:, 2737:, 2704:. 2509:. 2470:. 2435:. 2365:. 2298:. 2214:. 2170:, 2154:, 1980:. 1942:. 1881:. 1808:. 1755:. 1728:. 1716:. 1679:. 1671:, 1578:. 1519:. 1448:. 1372:. 1331:. 1258:. 1210:. 1111:. 1061:. 1009:. 946:. 555:. 516:A 3341:. 3325:/ 2350:( 2002:( 1964:. 757:( 739:( 719:( 705:( 592:( 501:e 494:t 487:v

Index

Culture of Basque Country

History of the Basques
People
Basques
Languages
Basque
Standard Basque
Basque dialects
Gascon
Navarro-Aragonese
Erromintxela
Aquitanian language
Basque surnames
History of the Basque language
Fueros
Bertsolaritza
Pastoral (theatre of Soule)
Beret
Mus (card game)
Basque dance
Mythology
Cuisine
Pincho
Txoko
Txakoli
Basque cider
Patxaran
Cider house
Idiazabal cheese

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