294:
554:
686:
767:
944:
920:
1066:
963:
892:) is part of a Toba person's name, which identifies the clan or family they belonged to. The Batak Toba people always have a surname or family name. The surname or family name is obtained from the father's lineage (paternal) which would then be passed on to the offspring continuously. Nainggolan, Napitupulu, Pardede, Gultom, Panggabean, Silalahi, Siahaan, Simanjuntak, Sihombing, Sitorus, Panjaitan, Sitompul, Marbun, Lumban Tobing, Aritonang, Pangaribuan, Situmorang, Manurung, Marpaung, Hutapea, Tambunan, Silitonga,
214:
1247:, there are occurrences of Toba Batak Muslims disassociating themselves with Toba Batak customs and identity and prefer association with other ethnic identities (e.g. of their spouses) or to disassociate ethnic identity at all. This would cause the departure from the traditional Toba Batak customs and adoption of the more conventional Islamic customs in instances such as wedding or burial, as many aspects of the former are now seen as no longer compatible with Islamic standard.
389:
908:
1259:
997:
932:
181:
93:
192:
203:
316:, Indonesia. The general term ‘Batak’ is sometimes used to refer to the Batak Toba people, for one thing because the Toba people are the largest sub-group of the Batak ethnicity, for another because they tend to self-identify as merely Batak instead of ‘Toba’ or ‘Batak Toba’, contrary to the habit of the Karo, Mandailing, Simalungun, Pakpak communities who commonly self-identify with their respective sub-groups.
59:
1289:
1098:. The currently pertaining traditional law, customs, and regulations used by most Batak Toba people to regulate their social relations nowadays were products of discussions between the Christian Toba Batak Rajas with the German Missionaries during the 1886 to evaluate the pre-Christian customs of the Toba Batak society to be inline with
987:
through a staircase in the middle of the house with an odd numbers of steps (odd number of staircase means offspring of slave, even number of staircase means offspring of king). When a person enters the house, one must bow in order to avoid one's head from knocking the transverse beam at the entrance
861:
Just as it is with other ethnicities, the Toba people have also migrated to other places to look for a better life. For example, the majority of the
Silindung natives are the Hutabarat, Panggabean, Simorangkir, Hutagalung, Hutapea and Lumbantobing clans. Instead all those six clans are actually
1184:) is the largest Protestant church with Lutheranism in Indonesia. It was founded by the German missionaries and still regarded as the traditional church of the Toba Batak people. In the early 20th century, HKBP disported into several independent Protestant churches such as
842:‘ or becoming migrants to look for better education, and social and economic opportunities. There is no obligation for Toba people to live in the Toba region, although they are obliged to be attached to their original village in Toba. The original village or
1022:
The Toba Batak are known throughout
Indonesia as capable musicians, and are perceived as confident, outspoken and willing to question authority, expressing differences in order to resolve them through discussion. This outlook on life is contrasted to
396:
There were numerous kingdoms and dynasties in the history of the Batak and Toba Batak people. The last dynasty in the Toba Batak people is the
Sisingamangaraja dynasty with twelve successive priest kings called ‘Sisingamangaraja’ from the
370:
suggests that human activity existed 6,500 years ago. The genetic test of the Toba Batak people shows that the Toba Batak are the descendants of different people with distinct genetic components. The Toba Batak's ancestors migrated from
1238:
areas. They are generally regarded as the original Toba Batak
Muslims, although, sometimes the Batak Muslims from these regions are identified and self-identified as distinct sub-group known as ‘Orang Pesisir’ or ‘Batak Pesisir’ and
862:
descendants of Guru
Mangaloksa, one of Raja Hasibuan's sons from Toba region. So it is with the Nasution clan where most of them live in Padangsidimpuan, surely share a common ancestor with their relative, the Siahaan clan in
1207:. In the beginning of the 20th century, some Toba Batak Rajahs who refused to embrace Christianity instituted a religion inspired by the pre-Christian Toba Batak beliefs, customs and practices. This religion is called ‘
866:. It is certain that the Toba people as a distinct culture can be found beyond the boundaries of their geographical origins. According to the folklore of the Batak people, the first ancestor of the Batak people is
870:, literally means ‘King Batak’ or ‘the King of Batak’. His origin is believed to be from a Toba village known as Sianjur Mula village, situated on the slopes of Mount Pusuk Buhit, about 45 minutes drive from
943:
806:
has played a vital part in the life of Toba people with church influencing the customs and regulations of the Toba Batak life. Toba Batak's adat traditions are often present in
Christian ceremonies such as
1129:
is the second largest religious belief among the Toba People. Being the largest ethnic group in the
Indonesian Protestant community, it is common for Protestant churches in Indonesia to provide service in
293:
1544:
Ritonga, S.(2012:260) Orientasi Nilai Budaya dan
Potensi Konflik Sosial Batak Toba Muslim dan Kristen di Sumatera Utara (Studi Kasus Gajah Sakti Kabupaten Asahan). IAIN Sumatera Utara. Medan
1579:
in Intern. Gesellschaft für
Ethnographie; Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden (1893). Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie volume VI. Getty Research Institute. Leiden : P.W.M. Trap.
1499:
van
Bemmelen, S. T. (2012). Good Customs, Bad customs in North Sumatra: Toba Batak, Missionaries and Colonial Officials Negotiate the Patrilineal Order (1861-1942). In eigen beheer. P. 14
588:
Although there were changes made to the name, the division of the region was still the same. For example, the name of Afdeling Bataklanden was changed to Luhak Tanah Batak, and the first
359:
within the lake. Batak Toba people frequently build in traditional Batak architecture styles which are common in Samosir. Cultural demonstrations, performances, and festivities such as
553:
578:
1031:
in contrast with the largely Muslim population in Indonesia. In terms of occupational sector, Batak Toba is also known to be well represented in some sectors particularly
401:
clan. During the time when the Batak kingdom was based in Bakara, the Sisingamangaraja dynasty of the Batak kingdom divided their kingdom into four regions by the name of
1094:. The value and practice of Christianity are absorbed deeply into the daily life of the Toba people in combination with the practice of Toba traditional customs known as
685:
896:, Sinaga, Siregar, Pakpahan, Sidabutar, Aruan, Ambarita, and Simatupang are among the common surnames. However, the number of all Toba Batak clans are in hundreds.
1027:, Indonesia's largest ethnic group, who are more culturally conciliatory and less willing to air differences publicly. Batak Toba people also known as professing
1809:
1799:
1779:
1690:
1794:
1604:
771:
444:
766:
1685:
1240:
659:
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society. While the role of men is central in the Toba Batak society, the role of women is very crucial with the existence of the Toba Batak concept of ‘
2332:
2202:
669:
2397:
2377:
1845:
1157:
from the German Rhenish Missionary Society reached the Batak region and founded a village called "Huta Dame" (village of peace) in the district of
2392:
1149:
did intensive research on Batak language and culture in the 1840s, a new attempt was done in 1861 by several missionaries sent out by the German
2247:
1655:
1575:
2257:
1645:
1327:
562:
1106:. The result of this discussion is the codification of Batak Toba customs by the Christian Rajahs and the Missionaries into two treaties:
432:
398:
1141:
highlands of inner Northern Sumatra were English and American Baptist preachers in the 1820s and 1830s but without any success. After
1597:
1227:
1576:
Notes on the Ethnographical Collections Formed by Dr. Elio Modigliani During His Recent Explorations in Central Sumatra and Engano
1014:, with boards added on the side bound with iron tacks. The boat is propelled by sitting rowers, who sit in pairs on cross seats.
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17:
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931:
1434:
Julia Suzanne Byl (2006). Antiphonal Histories: Performing Toba Batak Past and Present. University of Michigan.
1146:
1487:
Warneck, Johannes 1894a ‘Bilder aus dem Missionsleben in Toba’, Allgemeine Missions Zeitschrift, Beiblatt 7-14
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Just as it was in the past, the government of the Tapanuli Residency was divided into four districts, namely:
988:
of the traditional house. The interpretation of this is that the guests must respect the owner of the house.
2798:
689:
Toba heads with his family in their home with beautifully carved head of Toba family (adathuis) Tapanoeli,
850:‘. It is common for a Toba Batak person to identify his/her origin not by their birthplaces, but by their
2783:
1613:
1150:
799:
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During the transfer of sovereignty in the early 1950s, the Tapanuli Residency that was unified into
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The Toba Batak people practice a distinct culture. The central foundation of their culture is the
2742:
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Before the conversion to Christianity, the old belief of the Toba Batak tribe was a mixture of
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1065:
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1192:(Angkola) to accommodate church services for the Batak people outside of the Toba community.
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983:. It is a rectangular building that can house up to five or six families. One can enter a
8:
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2022:
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1131:
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348:
236:
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2197:
2082:
1833:
1828:
1675:
1215:. The Parmalims worship Debata Mula Jadi Nabolon, which means The Great Almighty God.
798:‘ where women and their families hold a higher ground in familial relations. Since the
499:
1535:
Napitupulu, Sahala (2008). "BATAK BUKAN BAKAT: Parmalim Antara Agama Dan Budaya Batak"
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or The Customs regulating the social life of the Batak (referred to as Ruhut), and
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Mapping Human Genetic Diversity in Asia, The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium (2009)
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in 1910. The Tapanuli Residency is divided into four regions that are called
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are often involved and invoked in traditional ethnic Toba Batak ceremonies.
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592:(federated region) appointed was Cornelius Sihombing; who was once also a
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1219:
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979:
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790:’ (‘The Three Legged Stove’). The Toba Batak generally are regarded as a
573:
After the independence, the government of Indonesia retained Tapanuli as
360:
366:
Paleontological research done in the Humbang region of the west side of
2705:
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A Batak Toba man from Samosir with a hoe over his shoulders, pre-1939.
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or Laws and Regulations of the Batak people (referred to as Patik).
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An overwhelming majority of the Toba Batak people are adherents of
2581:
2442:
2169:
1821:
1212:
1200:
1162:
1076:
1048:
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816:
565:, the administration of the Tapanuli Residency had little changes.
435:. The Dutch colonization formally began with the annexation of the
256:
197:
164:
838:
The Toba Batak people are known to possess a robust tradition of ‘
2031:
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1231:
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1153:(RMG). The first Bataks were baptized during this year. In 1864,
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1422:
Antiphonal Histories: Performing Toba Batak Past and Present
1222:. Many of the Muslim Toba Batak are originated from port of
2494:
1875:
1310:
1095:
1006:
783:
746:
In December 2008, the Tapanuli Residency was unified under
491:
172:
156:
144:
1490:
1463:"Apakah Ini Alasan Mengapa Banyak Orang Batak Jago Nyanyi"
701:
province and was divided into four new regencies, namely:
1137:
The first Protestant missionaries who tried to reach the
1032:
1558:
Bertha T. Pardede; Apul Simbolon; S. M. Pardede (1981),
1385:
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The Dutch colonization started with the defeat of King
1004:
The traditional boat of the Toba Batak people is the
1560:
Bahasa Tutur Perhataan Dalam Upacara Adat Batak Toba
1254:
977:The traditional house of the Toba people is called
1125:as the biggest denomination. After Protestantism,
622:that supervised an onderafdeling were promoted as
30:For the Toba ethnic group from South America, see
1419:
568:
2765:
308:: ᯅᯖᯂ᯲ ᯖᯬᯅ) are the largest ethnic group of the
1612:
881:
802:of the Toba Batak people in the 19th century,
1598:
563:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
956:(figurehead on either side of a Toba house)
770:A newly converted Christian Toba family in
605:
1605:
1591:
1218:A minority of Toba Batak are adherents of
1018:Views of Toba people in Indonesian culture
646:; which was previously known as assistant
343:and its surrounding regions), and part of
1351:Learn how and when to remove this message
1117:Most of the Toba people are adherents of
952:(carving at the top of a Toba house) and
937:Rumah Bolon (Big house), Toba Batak house
634:. Onderdistrik (subdistrict) then became
610:(Dutch for "subdivision") was changed to
520:Afdeling Bataklanden, which later became
392:The seal of the Sisingamangaraja dynasty.
1508:
1064:
995:
765:
750:province. Since then, Toba is under the
684:
557:A group of Toba people, circa 1914–1919.
552:
387:
292:
141:, and the surrounding areas – 3,000,000
14:
2766:
548:
27:Group of the Batak people in Indonesia
1586:
1112:Patik dohot Uhum ni Halak Batak 1899
681:Transfer of sovereignty in early 1950
455:for "section"); today it is known as
422:
1388:Masyarakat Dan Hukum Adat Batak Toba
1374:Masyarakat dan hukum adat Batak Toba
1322:, as they are easily broken. Please
1282:
899:
175:, and around Indonesia – 1,100,000
85:Regions with significant populations
1481:
24:
1551:
1509:Sitompul, Martin (22 April 2020).
1108:Ruhut Parsaoron di Habatahon 1898
846:of a Toba Batak person is called ‘
347:. The Batak Toba people speak the
25:
2810:
1386:Jacob Cornelis Vergouwen (2004).
1174:Batak Christian Protestant Church
439:or ‘The Free Batak-Country’ into
383:
1573:Giglioli, Henry Hillyer (1893).
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1511:"Aksi Nommensen di Tanah Batak"
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1203:with significant influence of
1147:Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk
1086:, especially Toba Batak people
569:Post-independence of Indonesia
509:and Ommnenlanden, today it is
63:Toba Batak traditional clothes
13:
1:
1469:(in Indonesian). 18 July 2021
1336:), or an abbreviated title.
1278:
1243:’ (Asahan). In some cases of
1182:Huria Kristen Batak Protestan
363:are often held for tourists.
319:The Toba people are found in
74:
1211:‘ with its adherents called
925:House of a Toba Batak chief.
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882:The Toba Clans and Families
579:Dr. Ferdinand Lumban Tobing
437:Onafhankelijke Batak-Landen
10:
2815:
2774:Ethnic groups in Indonesia
1614:Ethnic groups in Indonesia
1420:Julia Suzanne Byl (2006).
1390:. PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara.
1371:Jacob Cornelis Vergouwen,
1151:Rhenish Missionary Society
1058:
886:A surname or family name (
800:conversion to Christianity
761:
741:
581:became the first Tapanuli
526:Humbang Hasundutan Regency
481:North Padang Lawas Regency
431:, ending the Thirty years
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325:Humbang Hasundutan Regency
115:Humbang Hasundutan Regency
32:Kom people (South America)
29:
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1424:. University of Michigan.
913:A traditional Toba house.
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2779:Ethnic groups in Sumatra
1452:Giglioli (1893). p. 116.
730:Padang Sidempuan Regency
716:Central Tapanuli Regency
640:, and was supervised by
511:Central Tapanuli Regency
473:Mandailing Natal Regency
375:thousands of years ago.
337:Central Tapanuli Regency
2679:Bangka Belitung Chinese
1326:by replacing them with
1318:Knowledge's style guide
1273:Toba medicine container
1155:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
1070:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
991:
858:‘ or ‘The Batak Land’.
143:Outside North Sumatra:
1143:Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn
1087:
1001:
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726:South Tapanuli Regency
706:North Tapanuli Regency
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522:North Tapanuli Regency
469:South Tapanuli Regency
445:the Tapanuli Residency
409:Raja Maropat Silindung
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333:North Tapanuli Regency
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1061:Religion in Indonesia
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728:(previously known as
718:(previously known as
708:(previously known as
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542:Pakpak Bharat Regency
494:, which later became
467:, which later became
443:and the formation of
441:The Dutch East Indies
391:
296:
264:Related ethnic groups
1324:improve this article
1000:A Solu on lake Toba.
752:Toba Samosir Regency
530:Toba Samosir Regency
477:Padang Lawas Regency
429:Sisingamangaraja XII
415:Raja Maropat Humbang
412:Raja Maropat Samosir
351:and are centered on
107:Toba Samosir Regency
2799:Batak ethnic groups
1296:Constructs such as
1245:conversion to Islam
1132:Toba Batak language
950:Giorognom-giorognom
710:Tanah Batak Regency
549:Japanese occupation
349:Toba Batak language
237:Indonesian language
233:Toba Batak language
177:Outside Indonesia:
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2784:History of Sumatra
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643:kepala urung kecil
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500:South Nias Regency
423:Dutch colonization
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1241:Batak Pardembanan
1188:(Simalungun) and
900:Traditional house
874:, the capital of
660:Silindung Regency
459:or city, namely:
418:Raja Maropat Toba
291:
290:
286:Simalungun people
278:Mandailing people
41:Toba Batak people
18:Batak Toba people
16:(Redirected from
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1265:Indonesia portal
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1104:Church Ordinance
1100:Christian values
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758:as its capital.
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465:Padang Sidempuan
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127:Pematang Siantar
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69:Total population
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1552:Further reading
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1517:(in Indonesian)
1515:www.historia.id
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1405:
1398:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1316:discouraged by
1292:
1288:
1281:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1063:
1057:
1025:Javanese people
1020:
994:
973:
966:
957:
947:
938:
935:
926:
923:
914:
911:
902:
884:
876:Samosir Regency
823:, while church
788:Dalihan Na Tolu
764:
754:'s region with
744:
720:Sibolga Regency
683:
670:Humbang Regency
665:Samosir Regency
571:
551:
534:Samosir Regency
425:
386:
381:
329:Samosir Regency
259:and others 0.3%
213:
211:
202:
200:
191:
189:
180:
178:
111:Samosir Regency
92:
90:
77:
64:
52:
50:
47:
38:
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28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2684:Maluku Chinese
2681:
2676:
2666:
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2647:Black Dutchmen
2638:
2636:
2635:Non-indigenous
2632:
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2616:
2611:
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2596:
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2046:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2029:
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2020:
2010:
2005:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1935:
1930:
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1918:
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1911:
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1269:
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1252:
1249:
1082:travelling of
1056:
1053:
1019:
1016:
993:
990:
975:
974:
967:
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936:
929:
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917:
915:
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901:
898:
883:
880:
868:Si Raja Batak
763:
760:
743:
740:
739:
738:
733:
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713:
682:
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570:
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518:
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488:
424:
421:
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419:
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413:
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385:
384:Batak kingdoms
382:
380:
377:
357:Samosir Island
289:
288:
270:Angkola people
266:
265:
261:
260:
245:
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239:
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209:European Union
87:
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62:
54:
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26:
9:
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2425:Sunda Islands
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1561:
1556:
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1541:
1532:
1516:
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1496:
1494:
1484:
1468:
1467:www.mistar.id
1464:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1423:
1416:
1407:
1399:
1397:9-7933-8142-6
1393:
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1376:
1375:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1352:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:for footnotes
1319:
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1198:
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1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1167:North Sumatra
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:Protestantism
1115:
1113:
1109:
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1097:
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989:
986:
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981:
971:
968:Rumah Bolon (
964:
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933:
928:
921:
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904:
903:
897:
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773:
768:
759:
757:
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749:
748:North Sumatra
737:
734:
731:
727:
724:
721:
717:
714:
711:
707:
704:
703:
702:
700:
699:North Sumatra
693:, circa 1900.
692:
691:North Sumatra
687:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
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650:
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607:Onderafdeling
602:
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591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
566:
564:
555:
543:
539:
538:Dairi Regency
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
516:
512:
508:
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454:
450:
446:
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438:
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417:
414:
411:
408:
407:
406:
405:, which are:
404:
400:
390:
376:
374:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:Dairi Regency
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
314:North Sumatra
311:
310:Batak peoples
307:
303:
295:
287:
283:
282:Pakpak people
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
238:
234:
230:
225:
221:
220:United States
210:
199:
188:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
103:North Sumatra
100:
88:
83:
72:
67:
60:
55:
44:
33:
19:
2263:Tau Taa Wana
1737:
1691:Talang Mamak
1622:
1574:
1559:
1540:
1531:
1521:24 September
1519:. Retrieved
1514:
1504:
1483:
1473:24 September
1471:. Retrieved
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1415:
1406:
1387:
1381:
1372:
1367:
1347:
1338:
1331:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1217:
1209:Ugamo Malim
1208:
1194:
1181:
1171:
1136:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1092:Christianity
1089:
1021:
1012:dugout canoe
1005:
1003:
984:
978:
976:
969:
953:
949:
887:
885:
867:
860:
855:
852:Bona Pasogit
851:
848:Bona Pasogit
847:
843:
839:
837:
813:confirmation
804:Christianity
795:
787:
777:
745:
736:Nias Regency
696:
675:Toba Regency
654:
604:. The title
589:
587:
572:
560:
496:Nias Regency
448:
436:
426:
403:Raja Maropat
402:
395:
365:
321:Toba Regency
318:
306:Batak script
301:
300:
249:Christianity
142:
139:Deli Serdang
37:Ethnic group
2789:Ethnography
2609:Tanimbarese
2323:Ekari (Mee)
2198:Gorontaloan
1834:Aneuk Jamee
1829:Minangkabau
1785:Bugis-Malay
1676:Orang Rimba
1671:Orang Kuala
1624:Indonesians
1333:quick guide
1234:, and from
1230:, parts of
1220:Sunni Islam
1127:Catholicism
1123:Lutheranism
1084:Batak lands
985:rumah bolon
980:rumah bolon
792:patriarchal
637:urung kecil
561:During the
361:Sigale Gale
274:Karo people
2768:Categories
2748:Portuguese
2706:Klingalese
2148:Orang Laut
1986:Lun Bawang
1960:Kalimantan
1916:Kangeanese
1909:Tenggerese
1899:Banyumasan
1894:Cirebonese
1738:Toba Batak
1733:Simalungun
1723:Mandailing
1686:Petalangan
1641:Aboriginal
1341:March 2024
1279:References
1178:Indonesian
1080:missionary
1059:See also:
1029:Christians
1010:. It is a
970:Jabu bolon
894:Tampubolon
872:Pangururan
856:Tano Batak
840:Mangaranto
302:Toba Batak
161:Kalimantan
119:Sidikalang
51:Batak Toba
2743:Pakistani
2738:Mardijker
2689:Peranakan
2490:Manggarai
2473:Lamaholot
2333:Ketengban
2253:Sangirese
2233:Mongondow
2228:Minahasan
2223:Mandarese
2203:Kalumpang
2136:Pontianak
2107:Punan Bah
2023:Uma Baka'
1998:Apo Kayan
1977:Apo Duat
1948:Bantenese
1938:Sundanese
1851:Palembang
1305:loc. cit.
1037:education
796:Hula hula
772:Tapanoeli
601:silindung
575:Residency
505:Afdeling
490:Afdeling
463:Afdeling
457:a regency
433:Batak War
399:Sinambela
368:Toba Lake
353:Lake Toba
227:Languages
187:Singapore
99:Indonesia
2723:Japanese
2696:Filipino
2664:Chindian
2659:Armenian
2582:Ambonese
2565:Manusela
2548:Moluccan
2500:Rotenese
2453:Bimanese
2448:Balinese
2443:Bali Aga
2213:Makassar
2193:Bonerate
2188:Butonese
2178:Buginese
2170:Sulawesi
2095:Bakumpai
2083:Ma'anyan
2078:Lawangan
2073:Ot Danum
2037:Kendayan
1921:Madurese
1889:Javanese
1861:Simeulue
1822:Sakuddei
1817:Mentawai
1698:Acehnese
1568:19860686
1251:See also
1213:Parmalim
1201:Hinduism
1163:Tarutung
1159:Tapanuli
1077:Lutheran
1055:Religion
1049:politics
1041:military
817:marriage
786:called ‘
598:(chief)
583:Resident
449:afdeling
304:people (
257:Parmalim
243:Religion
222:– 1,100+
198:Malaysia
165:Sulawesi
48:ᯅᯖᯂ᯲ ᯖᯬᯅ
2674:Benteng
2669:Chinese
2642:African
2619:Togutil
2592:Wai Apu
2577:Ambelau
2525:Sumbawa
2423:Lesser
2398:Waropen
2378:Sentani
2343:Korowai
2313:Damalme
2298:Amungme
2268:Torajan
2112:Bukitan
2100:Meratus
2054:Mualang
2032:Bidayuh
1981:Kelabit
1866:Singkil
1846:Haloban
1810:Serdang
1800:Langkat
1760:Lampung
1745:Enggano
1713:Angkola
1633:Sumatra
1443:Op Cit.
1232:Sibolga
1197:Animism
1045:economy
878:today.
833:prayers
809:baptism
780:customs
762:Culture
742:Present
628:(head)
619:demangs
515:Sibolga
507:Sibolga
379:History
341:Sibolga
153:Jakarta
123:Sibolga
2733:Korean
2728:Jewish
2701:Indian
2624:Wemale
2614:Tobelo
2604:Lisela
2599:Kayeli
2570:Nuaulu
2483:Loloan
2463:Helong
2403:Wolani
2393:Wambon
2388:Tobati
2353:Marind
2338:Kombai
2273:Mamasa
2243:Pamona
2183:Bungku
2066:Tidung
2042:Selako
2018:Lebbo'
2013:Kenyah
1991:Sa'ban
1968:Banjar
1926:Bawean
1884:Betawi
1856:Rejang
1780:Asahan
1770:Lembak
1728:Pakpak
1566:
1394:
1236:Asahan
1228:Sorkam
1074:German
1072:, the
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864:Balige
831:, and
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821:burial
819:, and
756:Balige
649:demang
625:kepala
616:, and
595:demang
373:Taiwan
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2711:Tamil
2560:Alune
2555:Alfur
2530:Tetum
2520:Sumba
2515:Sikka
2505:Sasak
2478:Malay
2468:Kemak
2458:Bunak
2438:Atoni
2383:Tehit
2368:Nduga
2308:Bauzi
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2248:Rampi
2218:Malay
2208:Lindu
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2131:Berau
2126:Malay
2090:Ngaju
2061:Murut
2008:Kayan
2003:Bahau
1973:Dayak
1943:Baduy
1933:Malay
1904:Osing
1795:Lahat
1775:Malay
1755:Kluet
1708:Batak
1681:Sakai
1666:Mante
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1299:ibid.
1224:Barus
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825:hymns
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1876:Java
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1805:Riau
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1564:OCLC
1523:2021
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