59:
255:(six in total), each focusing on one or a small group of the statues, that were designed to form one work. While it has been suggested that these epigrams might have been inscribed on the bases of the statues themselves, this is unlikely because of his use of the ekphrastic medium, and the presence of the
173:, as well as gods and mythological heroes. Whether the statues were newly produced or, as is often assumed, brought to Constantinople from various parts of the Roman Empire (especially Greece) cannot be determined with certainty. The decor of the Baths followed an architectural trend of the period; the
188:
Constantinople offered numerous bathhouses to its citizens, but the Baths of
Zeuxippus seem to have been particularly popular, according to several mentions in the ancient sources. Even monks and members of the clergy could be seen there, despite the insistence of their superiors that the baths were
66:
The
Zeuxippus Baths were located north of the Great Palace of Constantinople between the Augustaion and the north-east corner of the Hippodrome. This suggests their great popularity, since such a significant location would have attracted many people. The Baths were also close to the square of the
184:
For a relatively small fee, any member of the public could gain admission to the bath complex. Although it was primarily used for public bathing, people could also exercise and enjoy a variety of recreational activities there. Attendants were paid to oversee the activities, enforcing opening and
208:
In the early 7th century, as a result of military and political pressure on the
Byzantine Empire, public bathing changed from being a common luxury to a rare and infrequent one, and many public facilities and venues began to be used instead by the military. The last reference to the Baths of
120:
The map to the right shows the Baths' approximate location within
Constantinople, as determined by excavations. As can be seen, the Baths were roughly rectangular in shape, and were very close to, or even "connected" to the Palace, as Zonaras indicated.
262:
Christodoros' description was confirmed during the partial excavation of the baths by the discovery of two statue bases whose inscriptions mention two figures ("Hekabe" and "Aischenes") actually mentioned in his poem.
231:
In 1927–1928, excavations on the site recovered many historical relics, such as earthenware and glazed pottery, which provided unique insights into the architectural designs and social interests of
Constantinople.
94:, who was generally more accurate in his writings (which also predated those of Zonaras), asserted that the baths were not actually connected to the Hippodrome, but were simply close to it:
201:
of 532 - the worst uprising
Constantinople had seen, which left half the city in ruins and thousands of people dead - the original Baths of Zeuxippus were destroyed in a fire.
1141:
205:
rebuilt the complex and also organised new statues, but he could not recreate or restore the famous statues of the former decoration or the other antiquities that were lost.
744:
185:
closing times and the rules of conduct. Men and women were not allowed to bathe together; they would either use separate baths, or bathe at different times of day.
50:
and then rebuilt several years later. They were famed primarily for the many statues inside them, representing prominent individuals from history and mythology.
693:
507:
Stadt, Platz und
Denkmal in der Spätantike. Untersuchungen zur Ausstattung des öffentlichen Raums in den spätantiken Städten Rom, Konstantinopel und Ephesos.
1120:
441:
209:
Zeuxippus being used for bathing occurred in 713, after which they were converted to other uses. Part of the bathhouse became a prison known as
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were adorned with similar statue galleries of heroes (mythological and not), historical figures and powerful people.
221:
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on the same grounds. In the 1460s, parts of the
Zeuxippus Baths had been reused for the construction of the
1146:
961:
955:
951:
722:
648:"Das Statuenprogramm in den Zeuxippos-Thermen. Überlegungen zur Beschreibung durch Christodoros von Koptos"
87:
991:
1161:
20:
251:
poem inspired by the statues adorning the Baths of
Zeuxippus. The poem consisted of a number of short
137:. They were adorned with numerous mosaics, paintings and colourful marble as well as with over eighty
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1156:
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38:. The origin of their name was disputed already in antiquity and could go back either to the god
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46:. Constructed between 100 and 200, the Baths of Zeuxippus were destroyed during the
1083:
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879:
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Map showing the hippodrome and the Palace quarter, close to the Baths of
Zeuxippus.
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Versus balnearum. Die antike Dichtung über Bäder und Baden im römischen Reich
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poet and writer living around 500 AD, wrote a lengthy (over 400 lines long)
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Griechische Kunstwerke im politischen Leben Roms und Konstantinopels
889:
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Greek Literature in Late Antiquity: Dynamism Didacticism Classicism
213:, while another part appears to have been used as a silk workshop.
664:
The Cambridge Ancient History: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425-600
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853:
777:
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146:
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Almost 1,000 years later, in 1556, the Ottoman architect
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The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
420:(5th ed.). Melbourne: Lonely Planet. p. 148.
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Buildings and structures completed in the 2nd century
415:
1133:
106:Or sees the struggling steed panting for breath
102:And the famed Hippodrome's swift course I stand.
19:"Zeuxippos" redirects here. For other uses, see
299:Bauer, F. A. p. 155 and pp. 148-167 in general.
586:Istanbul und Umgebung. Kunst- und Reiseführer.
738:
192:
116:Practice the rough diversions of the stadia.
108:Pay a kind visit, to enhance his pleasures;
440:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
104:Let the spectator, where he bathes himself
1121:Churches and Monasteries of Constantinople
753:Public spaces and structures of Byzantine
745:
731:
642:
112:Or if more manly sports his mind affects,
129:The original baths, founded and built by
110:He'll find a hearty welcome at my table.
98:Between Zeuxippus' cool refreshing baths,
686:Christodorus' poem, in Greek and English
416:Brosnahan 1 Yale 2, Tom 1 Pat 2 (1996).
363:
361:
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57:
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141:, depicting historical figures such as
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573:. Italica Press, Incorporated, 1998.
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177:, its adjacent Senate house, and the
678:3D reconstruction of the baths from
133:, were enlarged and decorated under
666:. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
397:
13:
1119:For churches and monasteries, see
987:Imperial Library of Constantinople
630:Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire
281:
14:
1188:
671:
571:The Antiquities of Constantinople
317:Busch, S. p. 249-250 and 269-270.
595:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006.
235:
1167:Culture of the Byzantine Empire
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477:
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448:
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379:
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86:had connected the baths to the
1152:Byzantine secular architecture
926:Harbour of Julian/Kontoskalion
845:Great Palace of Constantinople
823:Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs
612:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
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338:
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311:
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16:Public baths in Constantinople
1:
895:Palace of the Porphyrogenitus
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189:places of impious behaviour.
962:Hippodrome of Constantinople
956:University of Constantinople
952:Capitolium of Constantinople
492:Stupperich, R., pp. 211-212.
7:
992:Praetoria of Constantinople
615:, Oxford University Press,
516:. Walter de Gruyter, 2014.
335:Stupperich, R. pp. 214-229.
222:Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı
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10:
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559:. Penguin Classics, 1995.
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21:Zeuxippus (disambiguation)
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837:
761:
632:. Greenwood Press, 2006.
591:Scott Fitzgerald Johnson
509:Philipp von Zabern, 1996.
278:Bravi, A. p. 250 and 270.
193:Destruction and later use
78:The 12th-century scholar
1089:Cistern of the Hebdomon
652:Istanbuler Mitteilungen
530:. B. G. Teubner, 1999.
406:Kazhdan (1991), p. 2226
290:Ward-Perkins, B. p. 935
921:Harbour of Eleutherios
385:Stupperich, R. p. 213.
376:Stupperich, R. p. 230.
353:Bravi, A. pp. 249-299.
344:Stupperich, R. p. 215.
241:Christodorus of Coptus
118:
63:
1099:Cistern of Philoxenos
1013:Column of Constantine
966:Obelisk of Theodosius
709:41.00639°N 28.97583°E
628:Marcus Louis Rautman
96:
61:
1104:Cistern of Pulcheria
1043:Column of Theodosius
1037:Colossus of Barletta
981:Horses of Saint Mark
875:Palace of Blachernae
838:Palaces and mansions
789:Forum of Constantine
644:Stupperich, Reinhard
588:W. Kohlhammer, 1978.
543:The Age of Justinian
483:Johnson, S.F. p. 170
175:Forum of Constantine
71:and the basilica of
1147:Ancient Roman baths
1023:Column of Justinian
1018:Column of the Goths
936:Prosphorion Harbour
870:Palace of Antiochos
799:Forum of Theodosius
705: /
662:Bryan Ward-Perkins
367:Rautman, M.L. p. 77
197:As a result of the
1109:Theodosius Cistern
1069:Baths of Zeuxippus
1059:Aqueduct of Valens
1008:Column of Arcadius
714:41.00639; 28.97583
607:Kazhdan, Alexander
64:
48:Nika revolt of 532
28:Baths of Zeuxippus
1162:Ancient Byzantium
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1126:
1094:Cistern of Mocius
1079:Cistern of Aetius
1028:Column of Marcian
885:Palace of Mangana
784:Forum of Arcadius
762:Roads and squares
622:978-0-19-504652-6
522:978-3-05-006458-1
512:Alessandra Bravi
505:Franz Alto Bauer
394:Gibbon, E. p. 950
326:Bravi, A. p. 270.
131:Septimius Severus
84:Septimius Severus
42:or to the artist
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1084:Cistern of Aspar
1074:Basilica Cistern
1001:Column monuments
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905:Prison of Anemas
880:Palace of Lausus
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73:Hagia Sophia
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32:public baths
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769:Amastrianum
712: /
218:Mimar Sinan
199:Nika revolt
163:Demosthenes
125:Description
90:. However,
1136:Categories
1064:Ballıgerme
829:Strategion
774:Augustaion
700:28°58′33″E
697:41°00′23″N
658:: 210–235.
584:Vera Hell
427:0864423640
267:References
257:past tense
220:built the
88:Hippodrome
69:Augustaeum
814:Mese Odos
436:cite book
249:hexameter
203:Justinian
167:Aeschines
155:Aristotle
914:Harbours
890:Magnaura
809:Hebdomon
646:(1982).
253:epigrams
245:Egyptian
92:Leontius
54:Location
499:Sources
211:Noumera
139:statues
80:Zonaras
854:Chalke
778:Milion
636:
619:
599:
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563:
549:
534:
520:
424:
418:Turkey
171:Virgil
147:Hesiod
44:Zeuxis
243:, an
151:Plato
143:Homer
1177:Zeus
634:ISBN
617:ISBN
597:ISBN
575:ISBN
561:ISBN
547:ISBN
532:ISBN
518:ISBN
442:link
422:ISBN
169:and
40:Zeus
26:The
1138::
656:32
654:.
650:.
545:.
438:}}
434:{{
399:^
358:^
283:^
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23:.
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