244:'s government demanded that al-Sharabi turn over Ibn Sahlan, a former Buyid governor of Iraq who had fled to the Batihah. Al-Sharabi, keeping in mind the Batihah's tradition of not turning over fugitives, refused, whereupon the junta convinced Sultan al-Dawla to send an expedition to the swamp. Al-Sharabi was captured and the Batihah was finally conquered by the Buyids, bringing an end to the state.
133:. Hasan, like his father, managed to stop Mutahhar by breaching the dams. The vizier tried to draw him out into open battle, but was unsuccessful. His failure in the campaign, as well as his fear of 'Adud al-Dawla's wrath, eventually caused Mutahhar to commit suicide. 'Adud therefore called for an end to fighting, and all he gained was a money payment from Hasan.
70:. The reeds made the marsh very difficult for enemies to travel through; only small boats that were driven by poles could navigate the area. Because of this, the Batihah was almost invulnerable to attack and its inhabitants were able to maintain their independence for the better part of a century.
216:
as his sole overlord. Abu 'l-'Abbas completed his task successfully, but then marched back and conquered the
Batihah. Muhadhdhib al-Dawla was forced to flee to Baghdad, and only after Baha' al-Dawla sent several expeditions in support of him was he able to return to the swamp (in 1006 or 1007).
129:. He attempted to dam the waterways, and create a raised road to allow his troops to approach Hasan's fortress on foot. The campaign cost a large amount of money, and it effectively stopped any trade boats from travelling the
105:, and thereafter attempted to take over the Batihah. 'Imran successfully resisted the Buyids for several decades, and proved to be a thorn in the side of the Buyid state. He and his successors were titled
136:
Shortly after this, Hasan's brother
Muhammad succeeded him. In 983 or 984, Muhammad was killed, bringing an end to the power of 'Imran's family. The man responsible for his murder, the chamberlain
198:
141:
205:
156:
Abu'l-Hasan kept the relations with the Buyids on good terms. During his reign, the
Batihah again became a refuge for criminals and political refugees, including the caliph
389:
137:
118:
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discharged their waters. In its broadest sense, it covered an area approximately fifty miles across and almost two hundred miles in length, lying between
97:
to establish a state in the marshlands. He steadily expanded his power by drawing other criminals and local fishermen to his side. From 945 onwards the
232:, entered into a struggle with Sultan and asked Muhadhdhib al-Dawla for assistance. Around the same time (1017 or 1018), Muhadhdhib al-Dawla died.
209:
126:
379:
181:, in his struggles with Samsam al-Dawla, asked Muhadhdhib al-Dawla for loans several times, and also created arranged for an
144:. During this time, the Batihah rulers maintained good relations with the Buyids; neither 'Adud al-Dawla or his successor
338:
288:
267:
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Muhadhdhib al-Dawla was succeeded by al-Sharabi. Soon afterwards, the military junta that effectively controlled
321:
125:
decided to use this as an opportunity to subjugate the
Batihah. The army was commanded by the amir's vizier,
394:
66:
The
Batihah was a marshland. It was composed of many reeds, which in certain areas gave way to open
317:
164:, who had seized Iraq from Samsam al-Dawla in 987, conferred on Abu 'l-Hasan the honorific title (
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The
Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq 334 H./945 to 403 H./1012: Shaping Institutions for the Future
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between the two sides. At one point, he even gave the
Batihah ruler control of Lower
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Sharaf's death in 988 or 989 threw the Buyid state into chaos. The new Buyid amir,
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109:, and were recognized by the Buyids as the legitimate rulers of the Batihah.
140:, then assumed power. He died in 986 and was succeeded by his sister's son
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In 1003 or 1004, Muhadhdhib al-Dawla sent a soldier of fortune named
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117:'Imran died in the summer of 979, and was succeeded by his son
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148:(983) launched any further expeditions against the swamp.
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The
Batihah was an area in which, at the time, both the
256:
Chalif und Grosskönig - Die
Buyiden im Irak (945-1055)
93:. He took advantage of the declining authority of the
260:
Caliph and Great King - The Buyids in Iraq (945-1055)
212:, who after taking the city had refused to recognize
31:
in the 10th and 11th centuries. It was also known as
189:, in exchange for an annual tribute of 1.3 million
89:The Batihah state was founded by a criminal named
220:Baha' al-Dawla died in 1012 and was succeeded by
371:
390:States and territories established in the 940s
73:
307:
347:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1093–1097.
262:] (in German). Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.
235:
42:
27:) was a geographical and political unit in
339:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
308:Streck, M. & el-Ali, Saleh A. (1960).
302:The Buwayhid Dynasty of Baghdad (946-1055)
201:, ended up taking refuge in the Batihah.
276:
372:
193:. As a result of the fighting, one of
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112:
253:
224:. In around 1017, the Buyid ruler of
24:
13:
14:
406:
380:Iraq under the Abbasid Caliphate
353:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0104
304:. Calcutta: Iran Society, 1964.
1:
247:
283:. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
7:
10:
411:
142:Abu 'l-Hasan 'Ali ibn Nasr
82:
74:History of the Great Swamp
277:Donohue, John J. (2003).
254:Busse, Heribert (2004) .
183:alliance through marriage
78:
236:End of the Batihah state
43:Geographical description
206:Abu 'l-'Abbas ibn Wasil
208:to wrest Basra from
101:were established in
172:Muhadhdhib al-Dawla
152:Muhadhdhib al-Dawla
113:'Imran's successors
322:Lévi-Provençal, E.
298:Kabir, Mafizullah
138:Muzaffar ibn 'Ali
121:. The Buyid amir
95:Abbasid Caliphate
91:'Imran ibn Shahin
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395:Wetlands of Iraq
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242:Sultan al-Dawla
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222:Sultan al-Dawla
162:Sharaf al-Dawla
160:(r. 991–1031).
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146:Samsam al-Dawla
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33:The Great Swamp
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385:Swamps of Asia
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314:Gibb, H. A. R.
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214:Baha' al-Dawla
179:Baha' al-Dawla
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123:'Adud al-Dawla
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334:Pellat, Ch.
326:Schacht, J.
310:"al-Baṭīḥa"
17:The Batihah
374:Categories
248:References
361:495469456
343:Volume I:
330:Lewis, B.
197:'s sons,
53:Euphrates
37:The Marsh
336:(eds.).
199:Abu Nasr
158:al-Qadir
127:Mutahhar
51:and the
191:dirhams
103:Baghdad
68:lagoons
25:البطيحة
359:
332:&
287:
266:
226:Kerman
131:Tigris
99:Buyids
85:'Imran
79:'Imran
49:Tigris
21:Arabic
312:. In
258:[
187:Wasit
170:) of
167:laqab
119:Hasan
107:amirs
61:Basra
57:Wasit
357:OCLC
285:ISBN
264:ISBN
59:and
29:Iraq
349:doi
345:A–B
35:or
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355:.
341:.
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228:,
174:.
63:.
39:.
23::
363:.
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19:(
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