232:
177:
214:
147:
1033:
1558:
the mainland. This force did manage to briefly secure Medina-Sidonia, but then returned to the Ronda mountains. Cassagne's division remained in place since the Allies never threatened it. To Victor's amazement, a cavalry patrol on 7 March found no evidence of Allied forces. By 8 March, just three days after the battle, Victor had reoccupied even the evacuated southern section of his lines and the siege was back in place. It would remain so for another eighteen months, until finally being abandoned on 24 August 1812, when Soult ordered a general French retreat following the Allied victory at
932:
1498:
Duncan's artillery. Finally, with the French now in their fighting columns and beginning their advance, Barnard was forced to draw back. Leval's men then encountered Bushe's companies of the 20th
Portuguese, who supported the light battalion's retreat and kept the French engaged until Wheatley's brigade had formed up in line on the edge of the woods. The retreating light companies joined Wheatley's troops; Leval's division of 3,800 men was now marching on an Anglo-Portuguese line of 1,400 men supported by cannon.
915:
159:
1010:
1440:
1546:
after the battle or on the morning of 6 March, the siege would have been broken. Even though Victor had managed to rally his troops at
Chiclana, panic was rife in the French lines. Fully expecting a renewed offensive, Victor had made plans to stall any Allied advance just long enough to blow up most of the besieging forts and to allow I Corps to retreat to Seville. Cassagne took temporary control of Villatte's division, since that general was wounded. Victor assigned Cassagne to command the
993:
976:
202:
135:
949:
877:
884:
1578:
and German contingents under Graham's command, while Victor lost around 2,380. The
Spanish suffered 300–400 casualties. Strategically, however, the failure of the Allies to follow up their victory allowed Victor to reoccupy his siege lines; Cádiz was not relieved and the campaign effectively failed to achieve anything. Victor even claimed the battle as a French victory, since the positions of the opposing sides remained unchanged following the action.
39:
1237:, where they disembarked on 23 February. Joined by a composite battalion of flank companies under Colonel Browne, the troops marched to Tarifa on 24 February, where they received further reinforcement from the fortress garrison there. By 27 February, they were joined by la Peña's Spanish troops, who had left Cádiz three days after Graham and, despite encountering similar weather difficulties, had succeeded in landing at Tarifa.
891:
5055:
2761:
1355:
1267:. Once there, however, Beguines's scouts reported that Medina-Sidonia was held more strongly than had been anticipated. Rather than engaging the French and forcing Victor to weaken his siege by committing more of his troops to the town's defence, la Peña decided that the Allied army should march across country and join the road that ran from Tarifa, through
1528:
exhausted men to order and he brought them, with Duncan's artillery, against Victor's new position. Morale in the re-formed French ranks was fragile; when a squadron of KGL hussars rounded the Cerro and drove a squadron of French dragoons onto their infantry, the shock was too much to bear for the demoralised soldiers, who retreated in a sudden rush.
1346:'s division, the Spanish drove Villatte's force across Almanza Creek. La Peña refused his vanguard permission to pursue the retreating French, who were consequently able to regroup on the far side of the creek. Graham's Anglo-Portuguese division had remained behind on the Cerro del Puerco to defend the rear and right flank of la Peña's main force.
1188:
1502:
themselves. However, Wheatley attacked as soon as the light companies cleared the field, and only one of Leval's battalions was able to even partially redeploy. The first French column
Wheatley engaged broke after a single British volley. The 8th Ligne, part of this column, suffered about 50 percent casualties and lost its
1156:, to send reinforcements to Cádiz; by mid-February, five Anglo-Portuguese battalions had landed, bringing the garrison up to 17,000 men and making the city effectively impregnable. Additional troops continued to arrive, and by May, the garrison was 26,000 strong, while the besieging French forces had risen to 25,000.
1279:
1426:
Because of the time it took to deploy a full brigade into battle formation, Graham knew he needed to delay the French. He therefore ordered Browne, who had rejoined the division, to turn his single "Flankers" battalion of 536 men around and advance up the slope of the
Barrosa Ridge against the 4,000
1286:
This change of plan, combined with further bad weather and la Peña's insistence on marching only at night, meant the Allied force was now two days behind schedule. La Peña sent a message to Cádiz informing Zayas of the delay, but the dispatch was not received and on 3 March, Zayas launched his sally
1545:
Furious at la Peña, the following morning Graham collected his wounded, gathered trophies from the field and marched into Cádiz; snubbed, la Peña would later accuse Graham of losing the campaign for the Allies. It is almost certain that, had the Allies pushed the French positions either immediately
1465:
fire and were brought to a halt just metres from the
British line. The first four columns had started to give ground, so Victor tried to disengage his reserves and bring them to their support. However, as the two grenadier columns attempted to move off from their stalled positions, they came under
1386:
Victor was disappointed that
Villatte had failed to block the Cádiz road for longer, but he was still confident that his main force could drive the Allies into the sea. He could see that the bulk of the Spanish troops had taken station opposite Villatte and, on hearing reports that Barrosa Ridge was
1577:
Both tactically and in terms of the casualties inflicted, the battle was a
British victory. Graham's troops had beaten a French force approaching twice their number despite having marched through the previous night and part of that day. The British lost approximately 1,240 men, including Portuguese
1557:
to make a cautious advance against the French at
Chiclana, and he even refused to send out cavalry scouts to find out what Victor was doing. After remaining entrenched at Bermeja during 5–6 March, the Spanish army crossed to the Isla de León the following day, leaving only Beguines's irregulars on
1536:
defending the approach to the Isla de Léon. Learning of Graham's decision to engage the two French divisions, the
Spanish commander was convinced that the French would win the day and so stayed in place; Zayas repeatedly asked for leave to go to Graham's support, but le Peña denied permission each
1527:
Ruffin's and Leval's divisions fled towards the Laguna del Puerco, where Victor succeeded in halting their disorganised rout. The Marshal deployed two or three relatively unscathed battalions to cover the reorganisation of his forces and secure their retreat, but Graham had also managed to call his
1447:
Illustrated Battles of the Nineteenth Century Advancing up the ridge they had just abandoned, Browne's battalion came under intense fire from Ruffin's emplaced infantry and artillery. Within a few salvoes, half the battalion was gone and, unable to continue, Browne's men scattered amongst the cover
1414:
that French soldiers had emerged from the Chiclana forest. Riding to the rear of his marching columns, he witnessed the Spanish battalions retreating from the ridge, Ruffin's division climbing its slopes, and Leval's division approaching from the east. Realizing that the Allied force was in danger
1317:
that had been driven out of Vejer, informing him of the strong Anglo-Portuguese and Spanish force making its way up the western road from Tarifa. In conjunction with the aggressive action of the Cádiz garrison, this led him to conclude that the approaching troops were heading for Cádiz; their line
1395:
to Browne to cover his retreat; Browne initially positioned his battalion in the ruins of a chapel at the summit but, seeing Whittingham's retreat and spotting six French battalions advancing on his position, he had little choice but to give way and seek Graham's force in the woods. Barrosa Ridge
1390:
Victor's plan rapidly developed momentum. Ruffin's advance sufficed to send the five rearguard Spanish battalions running, leaving only Browne's battalion defending the ridge and, confronted by the French dragoons, Whittingham's cavalry decided to retire. Whittingham lent a single squadron of KGL
1451:
Dilkes, instead of following Browne's route up the slope, advanced to the right where there was more cover and ground not visible to the French. As a result, the French artillery could not be brought to bear, and Dilkes's brigade managed to get near the top of the ridge without suffering serious
1518:
Patrick Masterson (or Masterman, depending on source). As Wheatley's brigade moved forward, it encountered the only French battalion, from the 54th Ligne, that had begun to form line. It took three charges to break this battalion, which eventually fled towards the right where it encountered the
1501:
Although they had the advantage in numbers, the French were under the impression that they were facing a superior force. Having been mauled by Barnard's and Bushe's light companies, and now facing the rolling volleys of the main British line, the French needed time to form from column into line
1497:
Duncan which, having made rapid progress through the woods, arrived in time to support the skirmish line. As the situation became clearer, the French organised themselves into their customary attacking formation—the 'column of divisions'—all the time under fire from Barnard's light companies and
1365:
Having opened up the route to Cádiz, la Peña instructed Graham to move his troops forward to Bermeja. However, on Graham's strenuous objections to vacating a position that would result in both flank and rear exposed, a force of five Spanish battalions and Browne's battalion was left to hold the
1159:
Although the siege tied up a large number of Spanish, British and Portuguese troops, Wellington accepted this as part of his strategy since a similar number of French troops were also engaged. However, in January 1811, Victor's position began to deteriorate. Soult ordered Victor to send almost a
1098:
Following a fierce battle on two fronts, the British succeeded in routing the attacking French forces. A lack of support from the larger Spanish contingent prevented an absolute victory, and the French were able to regroup and reoccupy their siege lines. Graham's tactical victory proved to have
1337:
After another night march, on 5 March the Allies reached a hill to the southeast of Barrosa, the Cerro del Puerco (also referred to as the Barrosa Ridge). Scouts reported the presence of Villatte's force, and la Peña ordered his vanguard division to advance. With the aid of a fresh sortie of
1474:
While Dilkes was moving on Ruffin's position on Barrosa Ridge, Barnard and the light companies advanced through the woods towards Leval's division. Unaware of the impending British assault, the French had taken no precautions and were advancing in two columns of march, with no forward line of
1374:, were sent to flank this rearguard force on the coast track. Graham's division then moved north as ordered—instead of descending from the heights on the coast road, they followed a path through a pine wood to the west of the ridge. This route was shorter and more practical for
2441:
Named By: Colonel William Light; Alternative Name: Yampoori; Derivation of Name: A location in Spain; Dual Name; Barossa Range / Yampoori; Other Details: Named by Colonel Light in 1837 after a location in Spain being the site of a battle won by Light's friend Lord Lynedock in
1078:
by the French in early 1810, leaving it accessible from the sea, but in March of the following year a reduction in the besieging army gave its garrison of British and Spanish troops an opportunity to lift the siege. A large Allied strike force was shipped south from Cádiz to
1460:
stopped the attacking columns in their tracks, and the two forces exchanged fire. Marshal Victor, by then himself on the crest of the ridge, brought up his reserve in two battalion columns of grenadiers. These columns were, as with the previous four, subjected to intense
1387:
deserted, realised that here was an opportunity to take this commanding position. Ruffin was ordered to occupy the heights while Leval struck at Graham's troops in the woods, and three squadrons of dragoons were sent around the Cerro to take the coastal track.
1164:, reducing the besieging French army to around 15,000 men. Victor had little chance of making progress against the fortress city with a force of this strength, nor could he withdraw—the garrison of Cádiz, if let loose, was large enough to overrun the whole of
1747:
Browne was reported to have said "Because five Spanish battalions went off before the enemy came within cannon shot" when asked by Graham to explain why Browne's company had retreated from the ridge. From the memoirs of Browne's adjutant, Blakeney
1448:
provided by the slope and returned fire. Despite his success, Ruffin could not descend the hill to brush away the remnants of Browne's battalion, as Dilkes's brigade had by now emerged from the wood and was forming up at the base of the slope.
1570:, mainly for his refusal to pursue the retreating French, where he was acquitted but relieved of command. At a time when Anglo-Spanish relations were already strained, Graham's criticism of his Spanish allies meant that it was no longer
1291:
prior to the arrival of the main force. Victor could not allow the Cádiz garrison, which still numbered about 13,000 men, to make a sortie against his lines while he was threatened from outside, so on the night of 3–4 March he sent six
1565:
Despite the conduct of their commanding general, both the Spanish success at Almanza Creek and Graham's actions at Barrosa Ridge gave a much needed boost to Spanish morale. La Peña was subsequently arraigned for
1087:, were aware of the Allied movement and redeployed to prepare a trap. Victor placed one division on the road to Cádiz, blocking the Allied line of march, while his two remaining divisions fell on the single
1531:
Throughout the battle, la Peña steadfastly refused to support his Anglo-Portuguese allies. He learnt of the French advance at about the same time as Graham, and decided to entrench his full force on the
1099:
little strategic effect on the continuing war, to the extent that Victor was able to claim the battle as a French victory since the siege remained in force until finally being lifted on 24 August 1812.
1326:
was sent to block the neck of the peninsula on which the western road ran, preventing access to the Santi Petri creek and the Isla de Léon. Two other divisions, under the commands of Generals
1550:
and instructed him not to retreat until the Allies advanced. Such was the French discomposure that, despite the Allied inactivity, one battery was destroyed without any orders being given.
420:
1306:
and prevent a breakout. Zayas's battalion was ejected from its positions, with 300 Spanish casualties, and Zayas was forced to float the pontoon bridge back to the island for future use.
1207:, with the intention of marching north to engage the French rear. This force comprised some 8,000 Spanish and 4,000 British troops, with the overall command ceded to the Spanish General
1152:
resigned, and a five-man Regency was established to govern in its place. The Regency, recognising that Spain could only be saved with Allied aid, immediately asked the newly ennobled
1145:
was deposed – and instead of attacking Victor's superior force, he brought his 10,000 men to reinforce the city. This allowed the city's defences to be fully manned.
1016:
1466:
additional fire from the remnants of Browne's battalion, which had renewed its own advance. Prevented from rallying, the entire French force broke and fled to the valley below.
1427:
men and artillery of Ruffin's division. Colonel Barnard, who led the light battalion of Wheatley's brigade, and Colonel Bushe, leading two light companies of Portuguese
655:
1590:
commanded that a medal be struck to commemorate the "brilliant Victory obtained over the Enemy"; this was awarded to the senior British officers present at the battle.
1263:
Having concentrated, the combined Allied force began marching north towards Medina-Sidonia on 28 February, and la Peña now ordered Begines's irregulars to join them at
1233:—sailed from Cádiz on 21 February 1811, somewhat later than planned. Graham's forces were unable to land at Tarifa due to bad weather and were forced to sail on to
854:
413:
387:
1537:
time. On hearing that the British had prevailed, la Peña further declined to pursue the retreating French, again over-riding the continued protestations of Zayas.
318:
347:
1865:"It was nothing to him if the opportunity for a great victory were missed. That was of small account compared to the integrity of his person and reputation."
3147:
625:
568:
406:
782:
789:
1825:
I concur in the propriety of your withdrawing to the Isla on the 6th, as much as I admire the promptitude and determination of your attack on the 5th
1334:, were ordered to conceal themselves in the thick Chiclana forest in position to attack the flank of the Allies as they engaged Villatte's division.
519:
4704:
844:
1778:
Most of the French memoirs say that they had been attacked by three British lines, when there was only one, preceded by a screen of skirmishers (
1481:. The unexpected appearance of British skirmishers caused such confusion that some French regiments, thinking there were cavalry present, formed
5028:
5001:
1248:
mountains by 23 February and join the main Anglo-Portuguese and Spanish force. Unaware of the delays in sailing, Begines had advanced as far as
1256:, Victor's flank commander, informed the marshal of the developing threat. Victor responded by sending three infantry battalions and a cavalry
80:
5095:
1511:
4699:
1211:, a political accommodation since he was widely regarded as incompetent. To coincide with la Peña's assault, it was arranged that General
3016:
139:
1456:
in an attempt to sweep both Dilkes and the remaining "Flankers" back down the slope. Contrary to French expectations, the crude British
1252:
in search of the Allied army; unsupported, and embroiled in skirmishes with Victor's right flank, he returned to the mountains. General
311:
2944:
2964:
2824:
1415:
of being swamped, Graham disregarded his orders and turned his division to deal with the threats to his flank and rear. He ordered
4609:
1153:
4971:
4629:
3006:
74:
1343:
1113:
In January 1810, the city of Cádiz, a major Allied harbour and the effective seat of Spanish government since the occupation of
5105:
5100:
304:
4829:
4729:
4649:
2710:
2687:
2665:
2605:
2569:
2550:
1652:
4534:
1126:
1084:
849:
236:
469:
5090:
4624:
3066:
2519:
1620:
1227:
1212:
430:
163:
4262:
2637:
Trophies Taken by the British from the Napoleonic Army during the War of Spanish Independence (Peninsular War) 1808–1814
1203:
Victor in open battle and raise the siege. To that end, an Anglo-Spanish expedition was sent by sea from Cádiz south to
4905:
3506:
2924:
2765:
2587:
546:
5080:
4824:
4819:
4804:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4644:
4619:
4247:
3076:
2486:
1230:
1192:
1177:
1092:
206:
5085:
4834:
4689:
4669:
3178:
1287:
as arranged. A pontoon bridge was floated across the Santi Petri creek and a battalion sent across to establish a
151:
4694:
2949:
1807:
These hussars were from Whittingham's squadrons, but were acting on the orders of Graham's aide-de-camp Ponsonby (
524:
4910:
4739:
4614:
3970:
3375:
1587:
4950:
4634:
4579:
4574:
3930:
3808:
3451:
3329:
3152:
2497:
697:
677:
498:
491:
5016:
1241:
5006:
4976:
3637:
2929:
2817:
2424:
1612:
The British Army "Dry Training Area" (DTA) at Sandhurst Military Academy is named the Barossa Training Area.
772:
667:
4584:
4317:
4216:
3884:
1378:, but the trees restricted visibility in all directions, meaning that they were effectively marching blind.
650:
4996:
4734:
3909:
3657:
3572:
3284:
2996:
732:
712:
692:
479:
4035:
3737:
3471:
3425:
3420:
3193:
3137:
2852:
512:
3349:
2416:
1506:. The capture of the eagle—the first to be won in battle by British forces in the Peninsular wars—cost
883:
5115:
5110:
5045:
4981:
4792:
4674:
4408:
3813:
3697:
3400:
3132:
2954:
2880:
2866:
2845:
2635:
1199:
Following Soult's appropriation of many of Victor's troops, the Allies sensed an opportunity to engage
876:
4714:
4539:
4106:
1688:, p. 307) explains that the first five-man Regency resigned and was replaced by a group of three.
1452:
loss. By this time, though, its formation had become disorganised, so Ruffin deployed four battalion
1319:
4875:
4544:
4337:
4116:
4060:
4010:
3889:
3642:
3622:
3466:
3415:
3390:
3319:
3299:
3218:
3119:
2873:
1734:
Whittingham was an English officer serving with the Spanish army, and hence under la Peña's command (
826:
737:
434:
4131:
3762:
3742:
3552:
3238:
2974:
1327:
757:
529:
398:
47:
4870:
4654:
4494:
4312:
4111:
4055:
4050:
3985:
3914:
3782:
3682:
3521:
3461:
3309:
2810:
1408:
Meanwhile, midway through his march to join la Peña's Spaniards, Graham received news from Spanish
752:
484:
4569:
4242:
3577:
4920:
4589:
4443:
4015:
3935:
3823:
3692:
3677:
3612:
3607:
3380:
3314:
3208:
3091:
1371:
1367:
1293:
1272:
1253:
1032:
931:
747:
702:
635:
595:
464:
382:
372:
4895:
4181:
4146:
3233:
5075:
4955:
4915:
4900:
4880:
4855:
4709:
4453:
4368:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4302:
4292:
4196:
4151:
4136:
3667:
3385:
3289:
3264:
3223:
3173:
3157:
2598:
Brassey's Almanac: The Peninsular War; The Complete Companion to the Iberian Campaigns, 1807–14
2593:
1798:, p. 125) is an example of the use of 'Masterman' rather than the more common 'Masterson'.
1216:
1142:
914:
801:
762:
578:
558:
459:
377:
4860:
3547:
2580:
A Peer Among Princes: The Life of Thomas Graham, Victor at Barrosa, Hero of the Peninsular War
1331:
4659:
4559:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4363:
4252:
4176:
4166:
4000:
3940:
3869:
3702:
3652:
3587:
3582:
3259:
3086:
2969:
1628:
1554:
1503:
1134:
1088:
1075:
1065:
975:
722:
563:
474:
357:
3592:
3188:
1443:
General Dilkes's brigade advances (from Illustrated Battles of the Nineteenth Century, 1895)
687:
4940:
4890:
4504:
4393:
4383:
4358:
4257:
4191:
4005:
3995:
3975:
3955:
3864:
3844:
3722:
3516:
3441:
3243:
2778:
1268:
1264:
992:
630:
352:
4564:
3818:
3687:
3627:
3526:
3456:
2721:
590:
296:
8:
4945:
4724:
4719:
4448:
4398:
4282:
4267:
4171:
4065:
3965:
3879:
3767:
3727:
3647:
3617:
3597:
3531:
3496:
3446:
3410:
3405:
3365:
3228:
3213:
3198:
3183:
3142:
2919:
2523:
1559:
1323:
1061:
717:
645:
452:
181:
70:
4186:
3481:
3476:
3324:
534:
4991:
4986:
4930:
4885:
4814:
4684:
4529:
4519:
4514:
4433:
4373:
4221:
4141:
4101:
4085:
4075:
4045:
4030:
4020:
3980:
3950:
3904:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3632:
3567:
3339:
3304:
3279:
3081:
3031:
2981:
2959:
2939:
2934:
1697:
Ironically, the messenger, a Spanish officer sent in a fishing boat, was detained by a
1602:
1453:
1118:
811:
777:
505:
3777:
3707:
3672:
3662:
1883:, p. 225) provides the casualty figures, with the British numbers taken from the
1138:
1083:, and moved to engage the siege lines from the rear. The French, under the command of
1052:) was part of an unsuccessful manoeuvre by an Anglo-Iberian force to break the French
948:
573:
367:
4342:
4307:
4277:
4237:
4211:
4201:
4156:
4126:
4080:
4025:
3945:
3894:
3874:
3859:
3828:
3772:
3732:
3557:
3491:
3486:
3344:
3274:
3127:
3046:
3041:
2706:
2683:
2661:
2601:
2583:
2565:
2546:
2482:
1648:
1200:
831:
806:
742:
707:
640:
620:
600:
539:
3798:
2699:
1240:
To further strengthen the Allied ranks, a force of Spanish irregulars under General
1208:
1108:
1053:
1009:
342:
4865:
4749:
4549:
4388:
4287:
4272:
4121:
4070:
3990:
3899:
3854:
3803:
3717:
3602:
3511:
3501:
3395:
3334:
3096:
2794:
1642:
1457:
821:
816:
682:
615:
610:
4639:
2459:
1871:, p. 124) describes le Peña's conduct as "astounding", "selfish" and "timid".
218:
4744:
4679:
4664:
4554:
4438:
4428:
4403:
4378:
4206:
4040:
3562:
3370:
3294:
3269:
3021:
2909:
2833:
1482:
1416:
1310:
1195:
from the frontispiece of his biography by Alexander M. Delavoye published in 1880
727:
605:
553:
438:
5011:
5023:
4935:
4925:
4458:
4297:
4161:
3960:
3712:
3056:
3036:
3026:
2986:
2859:
2726:
1885:
1486:
1439:
1249:
1220:
1057:
868:
767:
328:
30:
3071:
1187:
5069:
4499:
3203:
3061:
2991:
1624:
1616:
1574:
for him to remain in Cádiz, so he was transferred to Wellington's main army.
1567:
1507:
1303:
95:
82:
1148:
Under pressure from widespread protests and mob violence the ruling Spanish
5059:
3051:
2887:
2675:
2653:
2616:
1823:, p. 129. Wellington, however, sent his approval to Graham, writing "
1494:
1410:
2658:
A History of the Peninsular War: Volume IV, December 1810 to December 1811
1571:
1397:
4839:
4809:
4797:
4754:
4509:
1598:
1260:
to reinforce Cassagne, and ordering the fortification of Medina-Sidonia.
4524:
1698:
1594:
1431:, were ordered to attack through the woods to hold up Leval's advance.
1428:
1288:
1278:
1547:
1477:
1375:
1298:
1234:
1165:
1130:
428:
38:
2503:
1318:
of march was therefore predictable, so he prepared a trap. General
4489:
1680:, p. 284. Note that the number of members (five) contradicts
1515:
1257:
2802:
1423:
Wheatley's brigade was sent to see off Leval's force to the east.
1071:
1721:, p. 122) claims that the bridgehead was actually held, but
1553:
La Peña had determined not to heed plans from Graham and Admiral
1533:
1420:
1339:
1314:
1161:
2760:
1490:
1462:
1392:
1204:
1114:
1080:
2123:
2121:
2373:
2310:
1245:
1141: – which served as a democratic Regency after
1122:
2428:
2118:
1794:, para. 1) gives details of the taking of the eagle, while
1282:
Map of the route taken by the Allied forces on the campaign
326:
2397:
2339:
2337:
2262:
2228:
2226:
2211:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2094:
2070:
1354:
2004:
1980:
1370:(KGL) squadrons of cavalry, under the command of Colonel
1309:
Marshal Victor had, by now, received intelligence from a
2562:
The Peninsular War 1807–1814: A Concise Military History
2361:
2349:
2016:
1226:
The Anglo-Portuguese contingent—a division commanded by
2385:
2334:
2322:
2298:
2274:
2250:
2238:
2223:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2145:
2106:
2058:
2048:
2046:
1943:
1941:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1623:
in the 1830s, named a range of hills in the new colony
2082:
1970:
1968:
1928:
1926:
1645:: Richard Sharpe and the Battle of Barrosa, March 1811
5043:
2680:
Wellington's Peninsular War; Battles And Battlefields
2564:, Penguin Classic Military History (published 2001),
2033:
2031:
1992:
2199:
2157:
2043:
1938:
1902:
1725:, p. 249) agrees that this sortie was repelled.
1129:. The city's garrison initially comprised only four
2286:
2133:
1965:
1923:
1366:Barrosa Ridge. In addition, three Spanish and two
2698:
2543:The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War
2458:
2028:
1953:
1396:fell unopposed as Victor had intended, and Ruffin
1160:third of his troops to support Soult's assault on
5067:
1215:would lead a force of 4,000 Spanish troops in a
5002:England expects that every man will do his duty
2592:
2461:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905)
2379:
2316:
1880:
1338:Zayas's troops from Cádiz, and reinforced by a
1772:
2818:
2682:, Pen & Sword Military (published 2005),
1684:, p. 119), which states three members.
1064:defeated two French divisions and captured a
414:
312:
2427:. 10 January 2011. SA0004778. Archived from
1133:of volunteers and recruits, but the Duke of
1854:
1615:An officer in the 4th Dragoons, Lieutenant
1419:Dilkes's brigade to retake the ridge while
1044:(Chiclana, 5 March 1811, also known as the
2825:
2811:
2409:
1874:
1847:, p. 210) agrees with this date, but
421:
407:
319:
305:
2696:
2518:
2355:
2328:
2304:
2268:
2244:
2217:
2100:
2064:
1860:
2705:, Wordsworth Editions (published 2000),
2495:
2127:
1438:
1353:
1277:
1186:
1091:rearguard division under the command of
1031:
2719:
2614:
2476:
2403:
2193:
2010:
1998:
1986:
1848:
1763:the incredibility of such a rash attack
1735:
1685:
1677:
1519:remainder of Leval's fleeing division.
1400:a battery of artillery on the heights.
1244:had been ordered to come down from the
5068:
3148:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
2742:
2559:
2456:
1947:
1917:
1844:
1840:
1795:
1749:
1681:
1060:. During the battle, a single British
1036:Map of the environs of Cádiz (c. 1813)
4830:Spanish American wars of independence
2806:
2674:
2633:
2618:The Battle of Barrosa, 5th March 1811
2540:
2367:
2205:
2166:
2052:
2022:
1974:
1959:
1932:
1791:
1766:
1722:
1718:
1154:Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington
402:
300:
16:1811 battle during the Peninsular War
5096:Battles involving the United Kingdom
2660:, Greenhill Books (published 2004),
2652:
2391:
2343:
2292:
2280:
2256:
2232:
2181:
2151:
2139:
2112:
2088:
2076:
2037:
1868:
1828:
1820:
1808:
1779:
1714:
1702:
1664:
1609:launched the year after the battle.
1514:his life and was finally secured by
1403:
1182:
585:Third invasion of Portugal 1810–1811
513:First invasion of Portugal 1807–1808
4815:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
2832:
1621:Surveyor General of South Australia
1117:, was besieged by French troops of
13:
2481:, Penguin Books (published 2003),
2417:"Placename Details: Barossa Range"
1701:brig as a 'suspicious character' (
1469:
1171:
14:
5127:
2753:
1631:region) in memory of the battle.
1522:
1178:Battle of Barrosa order of battle
5053:
4690:Frederick William III of Prussia
4670:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
2759:
1851:, p. 400) states 25 August.
1485:. These were prime targets for
1434:
1381:
1008:
991:
974:
947:
930:
913:
889:
882:
875:
547:Second invasion of Portugal 1809
230:
212:
200:
175:
157:
145:
133:
44:Battle of Chiclana, 5 March 1811
37:
4810:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
4740:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
2450:
1834:
1814:
1801:
1785:
1755:
1741:
1728:
1708:
1691:
332:Siege of Cádiz, 1810–1812
4725:Prince Regent John of Portugal
4635:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
4580:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
4575:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
2720:Torrens, H (9 November 1811),
1671:
1586:In November 1811, the British
1223:bridge from the Isla de León.
1213:José Pascual de Zayas y Chacón
1:
5106:Military history of Andalusia
5101:Battles of the Peninsular War
4750:Prince Charles John of Sweden
2525:A History of the British Army
2425:Government of South Australia
1659:
1634:
1102:
453:War of the Pyrenees 1793-1795
2545:, Pimlico (published 2002),
1896:
1540:
7:
2745:Wellington in the Peninsula
2730:, no. 16539, p. 2
2528:, vol. VIII, Macmillan
1242:Antonio Begines de los Ríos
492:Mediterranean Campaign 1798
10:
5132:
5091:Battles involving Portugal
4585:Frederick I of Württemberg
2955:Confederation of the Rhine
2502:, UK: IFBT, archived from
1601:from the battle including
1360:Alison's History of Europe
1175:
1106:
1050:Battle of Cerro del Puerco
4964:
4848:
4763:
4745:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
4735:William, Prince of Orange
4598:
4545:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
4478:
4471:
4351:
4230:
4094:
3923:
3837:
3791:
3540:
3434:
3358:
3252:
3166:
3118:
3109:
3005:
2906:
2897:
2874:French Invasion of Russia
2840:
2722:"Horse-Guards Memorandum"
2697:Parkinson, Roger (1973),
2477:Esdaile, Charles (2002),
2421:Property Location Browser
1581:
1349:
448:
338:
270:
245:
190:
123:
53:
36:
28:
23:
5081:Battles involving France
4655:Archduke John of Austria
4650:Prince von Schwarzenberg
4495:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
2615:Jackson, Andrew (2001),
2560:Glover, Michael (1974),
1489:rounds fired by the ten
1358:Map of the battle, from
1302:to storm the bridgehead
1137:ignored orders from the
5086:Battles involving Spain
4590:Frederick VI of Denmark
4540:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
3330:Greater Poland uprising
3153:Duc d'Enghien Execution
2594:Haythornthwaite, Philip
2457:Bodart, Gaston (1908),
2079:, p. 98, footnote.
1761:Ruffin later spoke of "
1647:, HarperCollins, 2006,
1619:, who later became the
1320:Eugène-Casimir Villatte
1254:Louis Victorin Cassagne
506:War of the Oranges 1801
470:Sant Llorenç de la Muga
288:3,000 killed or wounded
279:2,800 killed or wounded
4710:Ferdinand VII of Spain
3158:Coronation of Napoleon
2496:Fletcher, Ian (1999),
1599:have taken their names
1444:
1362:
1328:François Amable Ruffin
1283:
1196:
1037:
191:Commanders and leaders
48:Louis-François Lejeune
4997:Conference of Dresden
4906:Paris (February 1812)
4835:Swedish–Norwegian War
4660:Alexander I of Russia
2640:, The Napoleon Series
2541:Gates, David (1986),
1881:Haythornthwaite (2004
1863:, p. 62) writes
1717:, pp. 103–104.
1629:Barossa Valley (wine)
1442:
1357:
1281:
1190:
1125:under the command of
1035:
271:Casualties and losses
4951:Fontainebleau (1814)
4505:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3426:Invasion of Portugal
2779:Battle of the Gebora
2768:at Wikimedia Commons
2743:Weller, Jac (1962),
2634:Muzás, Luis (2005),
2380:Haythornthwaite 2004
2317:Haythornthwaite 2004
1782:, pp. 119–120).
1705:, p. 104, footnote).
1627:(home to the modern
1368:King's German Legion
1026: current battle
237:Claude Victor-Perrin
4977:Bourbon Restoration
4720:Maria I of Portugal
4705:Prince of Hohenlohe
4695:Gebhard von Blücher
3638:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
2945:Swiss Confederation
2600:, Chrysalis Books,
2394:, pp. 127–128.
2370:, pp. 124–125.
2346:, pp. 125–128.
2283:, pp. 119–122.
2259:, pp. 118–119.
2235:, pp. 113–117.
2184:, pp. 108–110.
2154:, pp. 107–108.
2115:, pp. 103–107.
2025:, pp. 121–122.
1640:Cornwell, Bernard,
1332:Jean François Leval
525:Padrões de Teixeira
92: /
71:Playa de la Barrosa
4992:Continental System
4987:Congress of Erfurt
4911:Paris (March 1812)
4685:Peter Wittgenstein
4610:Duke of Wellington
4565:Prince Poniatowski
4530:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
4515:Auguste de Marmont
3910:Arroyo dos Molinos
3758:Walcheren Campaign
3748:Armistice of Znaim
3643:Dalmatian Campaign
3568:Tyrolean Rebellion
2788:Battle of Barrosa
2701:The Peninsular War
2479:The Peninsular War
2431:on 7 December 2015
2091:, pp. 99–102.
1445:
1372:Samuel Whittingham
1363:
1284:
1228:Lieutenant-General
1219:from Cádiz, via a
1197:
1046:Battle of Chiclana
1038:
693:Arroyo dos Molinos
96:36.3719°N 6.1765°W
5116:March 1811 events
5111:Conflicts in 1811
5041:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5029:Types of military
4825:Russo-Turkish War
4820:Russo-Persian War
4788:Anglo-Turkish War
4783:Anglo-Swedish War
4778:Anglo-Spanish War
4773:Anglo-Russian War
4700:Duke of Brunswick
4603:political leaders
4483:political leaders
4467:
4466:
3472:Medina de Rioseco
3194:Haslach-Jungingen
3128:French Revolution
3105:
3104:
2888:Seventh Coalition
2801:
2800:
2791:Succeeded by
2766:Battle of Barrosa
2764:Media related to
2712:978-1-84022-228-9
2689:978-1-84415-290-2
2667:978-1-85367-618-5
2654:Oman, Sir Charles
2607:978-1-85753-329-3
2571:978-0-14-139041-3
2552:978-0-7126-9730-9
2506:on 14 August 2007
2271:, pp. 57–58.
2220:, pp. 53–54.
2103:, pp. 45–46.
1665:Explanatory notes
1653:978-0-06-053048-8
1404:Graham's response
1344:Prince of Anglona
1231:Sir Thomas Graham
1183:Prelude to battle
1093:Sir Thomas Graham
1042:Battle of Barrosa
863:
862:
396:
395:
295:
294:
119:
118:
24:Battle of Barrosa
5123:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5049:
4805:Dano-Swedish War
4793:Anglo-Danish War
4645:Archduke Charles
4560:Jérôme Bonaparte
4476:
4475:
4409:Castel di Sangro
4318:Fère-Champenoise
3971:García Hernández
3885:Fuentes de Oñoro
3401:Guttstadt-Deppen
3138:Second Coalition
3116:
3115:
3097:French Royalists
2904:
2903:
2853:Fourth Coalition
2827:
2820:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2795:Battle of Pombal
2775:Preceded by
2772:
2771:
2763:
2748:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2715:
2704:
2692:
2670:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2621:, Peninsular war
2610:
2574:
2555:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2491:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2041:
2035:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1936:
1930:
1921:
1915:
1890:
1889:, 25 March 1811.
1878:
1872:
1858:
1852:
1838:
1832:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1789:
1783:
1776:
1770:
1759:
1753:
1745:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1712:
1706:
1695:
1689:
1675:
1089:Anglo-Portuguese
1066:regimental eagle
1025:
1018:
1012:
1005:
1000:
995:
988:
983:
978:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
944:
939:
934:
927:
922:
917:
910:
905:
900:
893:
892:
886:
879:
871:: Siege of Cádiz
796:France 1813-1814
651:Fuentes de Oñoro
611:Battle of Sobral
443:
441:
423:
416:
409:
400:
399:
333:
321:
314:
307:
298:
297:
235:
234:
233:
217:
216:
215:
205:
204:
203:
180:
179:
178:
162:
161:
160:
150:
149:
148:
138:
137:
136:
107:
106:
104:
103:
102:
101:36.3719; -6.1765
97:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
55:
54:
41:
21:
20:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5054:
5052:
5044:
5042:
5033:
4960:
4844:
4765:
4759:
4715:Miguel de Álava
4680:Pyotr Bagration
4675:Count Bennigsen
4665:Mikhail Kutuzov
4630:Thomas Cochrane
4602:
4600:
4594:
4555:Louis Bonaparte
4482:
4480:
4479:French and ally
4463:
4347:
4263:Château-Thierry
4226:
4090:
4061:Maloyaroslavets
3919:
3833:
3787:
3578:Yevenes/Yébenes
3536:
3452:Rosily Squadron
3430:
3354:
3320:Waren-Nossentin
3248:
3179:Cape Finisterre
3162:
3133:First Coalition
3111:
3101:
3008:
3001:
2912:
2908:
2899:
2893:
2881:Sixth Coalition
2867:Fifth Coalition
2846:Third Coalition
2836:
2834:Napoleonic Wars
2831:
2792:
2787:
2785:Napoleonic Wars
2776:
2756:
2747:, Nicholas Vane
2733:
2731:
2713:
2690:
2668:
2643:
2641:
2624:
2622:
2608:
2578:Grant, Philip,
2572:
2553:
2531:
2529:
2520:Fortescue, John
2509:
2507:
2489:
2467:
2465:
2453:
2448:
2434:
2432:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2044:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1939:
1931:
1924:
1916:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1879:
1875:
1861:Fortescue (1917
1859:
1855:
1843:, p. 234;
1839:
1835:
1831:, p. 125).
1819:
1815:
1811:, p. 123).
1806:
1802:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1773:
1769:, p. 124).
1760:
1756:
1752:, p. 124).
1746:
1742:
1733:
1729:
1713:
1709:
1696:
1692:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1637:
1584:
1543:
1525:
1472:
1470:Leval's advance
1437:
1406:
1384:
1352:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:Order of battle
1139:Cortes of Cádiz
1111:
1105:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
894:
890:
887:
880:
872:
864:
859:
836:
713:Salamanca Forts
662:Spain 1811-1813
656:Aldeia da Ponte
444:
440:Napoleonic Wars
439:
429:
427:
397:
392:
334:
331:
327:
325:
291:
282:
266:
257:
241:
231:
229:
223:
213:
211:
201:
199:
186:
176:
174:
168:
158:
156:
146:
144:
134:
132:
100:
98:
94:
91:
86:
83:
81:
79:
78:
77:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5129:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5063:
5062:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5024:Longwood House
5021:
5020:
5019:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4769:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4730:Count of Feira
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4625:Horatio Nelson
4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4535:Marshal Victor
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4486:
4484:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4313:Arcis-sur-Aube
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4056:Venta del Pozo
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3931:Ciudad Rodrigo
3927:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3809:Ciudad Rodrigo
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3783:Alba de Tormes
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3683:Aspern-Essling
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3285:Jena–Auerstedt
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3057:Ottoman Empire
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3017:United Kingdom
3013:
3011:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2987:Ottoman Empire
2984:
2982:Denmark–Norway
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2925:Polish Legions
2922:
2916:
2914:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2860:Peninsular War
2856:
2849:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2789:
2782:
2770:
2769:
2755:
2754:External links
2752:
2751:
2750:
2740:
2727:London Gazette
2717:
2711:
2694:
2688:
2672:
2666:
2650:
2631:
2612:
2606:
2590:
2588:978-1526745415
2576:
2570:
2557:
2551:
2538:
2516:
2493:
2487:
2474:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2358:, p. 128.
2356:Parkinson 1973
2348:
2333:
2329:Fortescue 1917
2321:
2309:
2305:Fortescue 1917
2297:
2295:, p. 123.
2285:
2273:
2269:Fortescue 1917
2261:
2249:
2245:Fortescue 1917
2237:
2222:
2218:Fortescue 1917
2210:
2208:, p. 123.
2198:
2186:
2171:
2169:, p. 251.
2156:
2144:
2142:, p. 107.
2132:
2117:
2105:
2101:Fortescue 1917
2093:
2081:
2069:
2065:Fortescue 1917
2057:
2055:, p. 122.
2042:
2027:
2015:
2003:
2001:, p. 335.
1991:
1979:
1977:, p. 249.
1964:
1952:
1950:, p. 119.
1937:
1935:, p. 242.
1922:
1920:, p. 422.
1900:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1886:London Gazette
1873:
1853:
1833:
1813:
1800:
1784:
1771:
1754:
1740:
1727:
1707:
1690:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1636:
1633:
1583:
1580:
1542:
1539:
1524:
1523:French retreat
1521:
1471:
1468:
1436:
1433:
1405:
1402:
1383:
1380:
1351:
1348:
1250:Medina-Sidonia
1209:Manuel la Peña
1184:
1181:
1176:Main article:
1173:
1170:
1127:Marshal Victor
1109:Siege of Cádiz
1107:Main article:
1104:
1101:
1085:Marshal Victor
1058:Peninsular War
1054:siege of Cádiz
1022:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1002:
997:
990:
985:
980:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
946:
941:
936:
929:
924:
919:
912:
907:
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
873:
869:Peninsular war
867:
866:
865:
861:
860:
858:
857:
855:Banda Oriental
852:
847:
845:Guerra de 1801
841:
840:
835:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
798:
797:
793:
792:
787:
786:
785:
780:
775:
770:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
698:Ciudad Rodrigo
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
664:
663:
659:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
587:
586:
582:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
550:
549:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
516:
515:
509:
508:
502:
501:
495:
494:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
456:
455:
449:
446:
445:
426:
425:
418:
411:
403:
394:
393:
391:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
339:
336:
335:
329:Peninsular War
324:
323:
316:
309:
301:
293:
292:
290:
289:
285:
283:
281:
280:
276:
273:
272:
268:
267:
265:
264:
260:
258:
256:
255:
251:
248:
247:
243:
242:
240:
239:
226:
224:
222:
221:
209:
196:
193:
192:
188:
187:
185:
184:
171:
169:
167:
166:
154:
142:
140:United Kingdom
129:
126:
125:
121:
120:
117:
116:
115:Allied victory
113:
109:
108:
69:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
34:
33:
31:Peninsular War
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5128:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5076:1811 in Spain
5074:
5073:
5071:
5061:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:Miscellaneous
4963:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:Manuel Lapeña
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4570:Prince Eugène
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4520:André Masséna
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4500:Joachim Murat
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4444:Rocheserviere
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4132:San Sebastián
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3693:Sankt Michael
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3608:Teugen-Hausen
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3108:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2910:client states
2905:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2746:
2741:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2676:Paget, Julian
2673:
2669:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2620:
2619:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2488:0-14-027370-0
2484:
2480:
2475:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2454:
2443:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2382:, p. 99.
2381:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2331:, p. 66.
2330:
2325:
2319:, p. 37.
2318:
2313:
2307:, p. 62.
2306:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2247:, p. 46.
2246:
2241:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2128:Fletcher 1999
2124:
2122:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2067:, p. 41.
2066:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2040:, p. 98.
2039:
2034:
2032:
2024:
2019:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1962:, p. 36.
1961:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1849:Esdaile (2002
1846:
1842:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1686:Esdaile (2002
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1643:Sharpe's Fury
1639:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1625:Barossa Range
1622:
1618:
1617:William Light
1613:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1588:Prince Regent
1579:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1568:court-martial
1563:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:Keogh of the
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1441:
1435:Barrosa Ridge
1432:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1382:French attack
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1356:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1304:entrenchments
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1193:Thomas Graham
1189:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1143:Ferdinand VII
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:Marshal Soult
1116:
1110:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1017:
1011:
994:
977:
950:
933:
916:
885:
878:
870:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
838:
837:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
795:
794:
791:
788:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
761:
759:
758:San Sebastián
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
661:
660:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
636:Foz de Arouce
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
584:
583:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
548:
545:
544:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
514:
511:
510:
507:
504:
503:
500:
497:
496:
493:
490:
489:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
454:
451:
450:
447:
442:
436:
435:Revolutionary
432:
424:
419:
417:
412:
410:
405:
404:
401:
389:
388:Triana Bridge
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
340:
337:
330:
322:
317:
315:
310:
308:
303:
302:
299:
287:
286:
284:
278:
277:
275:
274:
269:
262:
261:
259:
253:
252:
250:
249:
244:
238:
228:
227:
225:
220:
219:Manuel Lapeña
210:
208:
207:Thomas Graham
198:
197:
195:
194:
189:
183:
173:
172:
170:
165:
155:
153:
143:
141:
131:
130:
128:
127:
122:
114:
111:
110:
105:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
49:
45:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5012:Grande Armée
4972:Bibliography
4956:Paris (1815)
4916:Paris (1814)
4901:Paris (1810)
4881:Finckenstein
4856:Campo Formio
4615:Rowland Hill
4601:military and
4481:military and
4454:Rocquencourt
4323:Saint-Dizier
4293:Bar-sur-Aube
4248:Mincio River
3849:
3743:Schöngrabern
3522:2nd Zaragoza
3462:1st Zaragoza
3416:Stralsund II
3265:Campo Tenese
3239:Schöngrabern
3224:Cape Ortegal
3174:Diamond Rock
3052:Papal States
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2793:
2784:
2777:
2744:
2732:, retrieved
2725:
2700:
2679:
2657:
2642:, retrieved
2636:
2623:, retrieved
2617:
2597:
2579:
2561:
2542:
2532:13 September
2530:, retrieved
2524:
2508:, retrieved
2504:the original
2498:
2478:
2466:, retrieved
2460:
2451:Bibliography
2440:
2433:. Retrieved
2429:the original
2420:
2411:
2404:Torrens 1811
2399:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2351:
2324:
2312:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2213:
2201:
2194:Jackson 2001
2189:
2147:
2135:
2108:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2018:
2011:Jackson 2001
2006:
1999:Esdaile 2002
1994:
1987:Jackson 2001
1982:
1955:
1884:
1876:
1864:
1856:
1845:Glover (1974
1836:
1824:
1816:
1803:
1796:Glover (1974
1787:
1774:
1762:
1757:
1743:
1736:Jackson 2001
1730:
1710:
1693:
1682:Glover (1974
1678:Esdaile 2002
1673:
1641:
1614:
1611:
1604:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1564:
1552:
1544:
1530:
1526:
1500:
1476:
1473:
1450:
1446:
1425:
1411:guerrilleros
1409:
1407:
1389:
1385:
1364:
1359:
1336:
1308:
1297:
1285:
1275:, to Cádiz.
1265:Casas Viejas
1262:
1239:
1225:
1198:
1191:Portrait of
1158:
1149:
1147:
1135:Alburquerque
1112:
1097:
1070:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1039:
773:Roncesvalles
672:
606:Trant's raid
362:
124:Belligerents
61:5 March 1811
43:
29:Part of the
18:
4840:War of 1812
4798:Gunboat War
4755:Louis XVIII
4510:Jean Lannes
4424:Quatre Bras
4414:San Germano
4364:Occhiobello
4253:Champaubert
4243:La Rothière
4167:San Marcial
4051:2nd Polotsk
4016:1st Polotsk
4001:Majadahonda
3941:Villagarcia
3870:Campo Maior
3658:Piave River
3583:Ciudad Real
3573:Villafranca
3442:Dos de Mayo
3391:Stralsund I
3143:18 Brumaire
3077:Netherlands
2975:Württemberg
2644:8 September
2625:3 September
2510:3 September
1948:Glover 1974
1918:Bodart 1908
1841:Weller 1962
1792:Muzás (2005
1750:Glover 1974
1738:, para. 2).
1723:Gates (1986
1719:Paget (1990
1429:skirmishers
1056:during the
733:Tordesillas
723:Majadahonda
703:3rd Badajoz
678:2nd Badajoz
668:1st Badajoz
646:2nd Almeida
596:1st Almeida
475:Villelongue
99: /
5070:Categories
4982:Casualties
4896:Schönbrunn
4871:Artlenburg
4620:John Moore
4525:Michel Ney
4394:Scapezzano
4384:Cesenatico
4328:Montmartre
4258:Montmirail
4192:Wartenburg
4147:Großbeeren
4006:Gorodechno
3996:Klyastitsy
3976:Saltanovka
3865:Casal Novo
3738:Hollabrunn
3723:Korneuburg
3517:Somosierra
3421:Copenhagen
3244:Austerlitz
3234:Dürenstein
2970:Westphalia
2913:and allies
2435:25 October
2406:, para. 2.
2368:Paget 1990
2206:Paget 1990
2196:, para. 5.
2167:Gates 1986
2130:, para. 8.
2053:Paget 1990
2023:Paget 1990
2013:, para. 2.
1989:, para. 1.
1975:Gates 1986
1960:Paget 1990
1933:Gates 1986
1869:Oman (1911
1767:Paget 1990
1699:Royal Navy
1660:References
1635:In fiction
1595:Royal Navy
1478:voltigeurs
1299:voltigeurs
1289:bridgehead
1131:battalions
1121:'s I
1103:Background
982:Fuengirola
738:San Millan
631:Casal Novo
465:2nd Boulou
383:2nd Bornos
373:1st Bornos
353:Fuengirola
348:Montellano
84:36°22′19″N
4946:Casalanza
4921:Tauroggen
4876:Pressburg
4861:Lunéville
4766:conflicts
4599:Coalition
4449:La Suffel
4399:Tolentino
4283:Montereau
4268:Vauchamps
4217:Bornhöved
4172:Dennewitz
4117:Tarragona
4066:Chashniki
3966:Salamanca
3890:Tarragona
3814:Barquilla
3768:Almonacid
3728:Stockerau
3698:Stralsund
3668:2nd Porto
3648:Ebelsberg
3618:Abensberg
3588:1st Porto
3548:Castellón
3532:Benavente
3497:Valmaseda
3411:Friedland
3406:Heilsberg
3376:Ostrołęka
3366:Mohrungen
3300:Magdeburg
3229:Amstetten
3214:Trafalgar
3199:Elchingen
3184:Wertingen
3082:Brunswick
3007:Coalition
2392:Oman 1911
2344:Oman 1911
2293:Oman 1911
2281:Oman 1911
2257:Oman 1911
2233:Oman 1911
2182:Oman 1911
2152:Oman 1911
2140:Oman 1911
2113:Oman 1911
2089:Oman 1911
2077:Oman 1911
2038:Oman 1911
1897:Citations
1829:Oman 1911
1821:Oman 1911
1809:Oman 1911
1780:Oman 1911
1715:Oman 1911
1703:Oman 1911
1560:Salamanca
1548:rearguard
1541:Aftermath
1376:artillery
1294:companies
1235:Algeciras
1166:Andalusia
1074:had been
718:Salamanca
591:River Côa
579:2nd Porto
564:1st Porto
87:6°10′35″W
5017:Uniforms
4931:Chaumont
4849:Treaties
4550:Joseph I
4490:Napoleon
4434:Waterloo
4374:Casaglia
4338:Toulouse
4222:Sehested
4197:Bidassoa
4177:2nd Kulm
4162:1st Kulm
4152:Katzbach
4142:Sorauren
4137:Pyrenees
4102:Castalla
4086:Berezina
4076:Smoliani
4046:Tarutino
4031:Borodino
4021:Valutino
4011:Smolensk
3981:Ostrovno
3951:Maguilla
3915:Valencia
3905:Saguntum
3753:Talavera
3633:Ratisbon
3623:Landshut
3598:Bergisel
3593:Medellín
3507:Espinosa
3467:Valencia
3340:Czarnowo
3310:Pasewalk
3305:Prenzlau
3280:Saalfeld
3219:Caldiero
3189:Günzburg
3067:Sardinia
3042:Portugal
2734:21 April
2678:(1990),
2656:(1911),
2596:(2004),
2582:, 2019,
2522:(1917),
1867:, while
1516:Sergeant
1487:shrapnel
1398:emplaced
1324:division
1315:dragoons
1311:squadron
1273:Chiclana
1258:regiment
1076:invested
1062:division
899:100miles
839:Overseas
827:Toulouse
802:Bidassoa
778:Sorauren
763:Pyrenees
753:Pamplona
688:El Bodón
626:Condeixa
569:Amarante
431:Portugal
246:Strength
164:Portugal
66:Location
4764:Related
4343:Bayonne
4308:Craonne
4278:Mormant
4238:Brienne
4212:Nivelle
4202:Leipzig
4157:Dresden
4127:Vitoria
4112:Bautzen
4081:Krasnoi
4026:Mesoten
3986:Vitebsk
3946:Almaraz
3936:Badajoz
3895:Albuera
3880:Almeida
3875:Sabugal
3860:Redinha
3850:Barrosa
3829:Bussaco
3824:Almeida
3804:Astorga
3773:Tamames
3733:Gefrees
3688:Alcañiz
3628:Eckmühl
3558:Corunna
3527:Sahagún
3492:Zornoza
3487:Vimeiro
3457:Cabezón
3381:Kolberg
3350:Pułtusk
3345:Golymin
3335:Hamelin
3315:Stettin
3275:Schleiz
3120:Prelude
3112:battles
3087:Hanover
3032:Prussia
3022:Austria
2960:Bavaria
2940:Etruria
2935:Holland
2907:France,
2900:gerents
2499:Barrosa
1605:Barrosa
1572:politic
1534:isthmus
1454:columns
1421:Colonel
1417:General
1393:hussars
1342:of the
1340:brigade
1221:pontoon
1201:Marshal
1162:Badajoz
955:Barrosa
832:Bayonne
807:Nivelle
783:Lizasso
743:Vitoria
708:Almaraz
673:Barrosa
641:Sabugal
621:Redinha
601:Bussaco
540:Vimeiro
485:Bascara
480:Capmany
433:in the
363:Barrosa
5046:Portal
4941:Mantua
4891:Cintra
4886:Tilsit
4866:Amiens
4404:Ancona
4389:Pesaro
4359:Panaro
4288:Orthez
4273:Garris
4187:Roßlau
4182:Göhrde
4122:Luckau
4107:Lützen
4071:Vyazma
4041:Burgos
4036:Moscow
3991:Kobryn
3900:Usagre
3855:Pombal
3845:Gebora
3718:Wagram
3678:Tarvis
3653:Girona
3613:Raszyn
3603:Sacile
3512:Tudela
3502:Burgos
3482:Roliça
3477:Bailén
3396:Mileto
3386:Danzig
3325:Lübeck
3290:Erfurt
3209:Verona
3092:Nassau
3072:Sweden
3062:Persia
3047:Sicily
3027:Russia
3009:forces
2992:Persia
2965:Saxony
2950:Naples
2920:France
2898:Belli-
2709:
2686:
2664:
2604:
2586:
2568:
2549:
2485:
2468:27 May
1651:
1607:(1812)
1597:ships
1582:Legacy
1508:Ensign
1493:under
1491:cannon
1483:square
1463:musket
1350:Battle
1205:Tarifa
1115:Madrid
1081:Tarifa
1024:
921:Bornos
904:Tarifa
850:Guiana
822:Orthez
817:Garris
790:Buenza
748:Tolosa
728:Burgos
683:Usagre
616:Pombal
554:Chaves
535:Roliça
460:Toulon
378:Tarifa
263:10,000
254:12,000
182:France
112:Result
5060:Spain
5007:Films
4439:Wavre
4429:Ligny
4419:Gaeta
4379:Ronco
4369:Carpi
4333:Paris
4303:Reims
4207:Hanau
3799:Cádiz
3778:Ocaña
3763:Ölper
3708:María
3673:Wörgl
3663:Grijó
3563:Valls
3553:Uclés
3447:Bruch
3371:Eylau
3295:Halle
3270:Maida
3260:Gaeta
3110:Major
3037:Spain
2997:Spain
2930:Italy
2442:1811.
1593:Four
1555:Keats
1504:eagle
1495:Major
1269:Vejer
1246:Ronda
1217:sally
1150:Junta
1123:Corps
1072:Cádiz
999:Cádiz
938:Zújar
897:150km
574:Grijó
559:Braga
530:Évora
520:Olhão
499:Malta
368:Zújar
343:Cádiz
152:Spain
75:Spain
4936:Kiel
4926:Ried
4472:Info
4459:Issy
4352:1815
4298:Laon
4231:1814
4095:1813
3961:Ekau
3924:1812
3838:1811
3792:1810
3713:Graz
3703:Raab
3541:1809
3435:1808
3359:1807
3253:1806
3167:1805
2736:2009
2707:ISBN
2684:ISBN
2662:ISBN
2646:2007
2627:2007
2602:ISBN
2584:ISBN
2566:ISBN
2547:ISBN
2534:2007
2512:2007
2483:ISBN
2470:2021
2437:2017
1649:ISBN
1603:HMS
1512:87th
1458:line
1330:and
1271:and
1040:The
965:Baza
812:Nive
768:Maya
437:and
358:Baza
58:Date
3956:Mir
3819:Côa
3204:Ulm
1827:" (
1765:" (
1322:'s
1313:of
1296:of
1048:or
5072::
2724:,
2439:.
2423:.
2419:.
2336:^
2225:^
2174:^
2159:^
2120:^
2045:^
2030:^
1967:^
1940:^
1925:^
1904:^
1562:.
1168:.
1095:.
1068:.
73:,
46:,
5048::
2826:e
2819:t
2812:v
2749:.
2739:.
2716:.
2693:.
2671:.
2649:.
2630:.
2611:.
2575:.
2556:.
2537:.
2515:.
2492:.
2473:.
1748:(
1655:.
1004:1
987:2
970:3
960:4
943:5
926:6
909:7
422:e
415:t
408:v
320:e
313:t
306:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
