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752:. Jackson ordered Flournoy to push 250 cavalrymen across the charred bridge and pursue the Union troops; Jackson himself followed behind Flournoy's men. Making a stand about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Cedarville, Kenly deployed his artillery, and ordered the New York cavalrymen to charge. Instead, the cavalry's commander lost his nerve and ordered his men to flee the field. The remaining Union troops formed a line at Fairview, the house of local man Thomas McKay. Flournoy's men charged the position twice, undeterred by a
33:
723:, had put his men and the artillery in march behind the rest of the Confederate troops, they were still too far to the rear to be available for the fighting at Front Royal. Kenly reformed his command on Guard Hill across the North Fork, while many of the Confederates became disorganized and plundered the abandoned Union camp. With the addition of about 100 men from the detachment of the 29th Pennsylvania, Kenly defended Guard Hill with about 800 men. News did not reach Banks of the fighting at Front Royal until about 5:45
1882:
776:, a force of about 150 men. An attack made by 300 Confederates was repulsed with the loss of two promising officers, and a second charge fared little better. Withdrawing down the railroad, Ashby had the railroad line and the telegraph wires cut, accomplishing his purpose of isolating Front Royal from Banks. Cozzens describes the needless fighting at Buckton Station as "a waste of lives".
679:, bring up artillery to counter the Union fire, but the first battery that reported was armed only with guns of too short of range to reach the Union position. Crutchfield was eventually able to locate three cannons with long enough ranges, and a fifteen-minute artillery duel followed. Kenly tried to make his line seem stronger than it was. A small detachment of the
663:. Some of Kenly's men were captured within the town, and a Union supply train was captured as well. Not much organized resistance was met within the town; one Confederate soldier referred to the town stage of the battle as "more like a police riot than a fight between soldiers". In front of the new Union position was an open meadow, which would have to be crossed to
589:'s cavalry was sent between Front Royal and Strasburg to cut telegraph lines and the railroad to prevent Union forces from moving between the two towns. Unaware that he greatly outnumbered the Union force in Front Royal, Jackson decided against attacking from the direct route, the Luray Road. Instead, Ewell's men were to take the Gooney Manor Road in a
538:
to take his force from the Valley to support
Johnston's army against McClellan. Jackson sent a message to Johnston that same day requesting that Ewell be allowed to remain with his command so that a blow could be struck against Banks, and on May 18 Jackson and Ewell decided that Ewell should remain
789:
gives Union losses as 904 and
Confederate losses at 56. Historian Robert G. Tanner says the Union lost about 900 men, and the Confederates a little over 100. Ecelbarger estimates Union losses at about 900. The Confederates also captured both Parrott rifles, a number of wagons, and about $ 300,000
747:
was able to swim across. They were able douse the fire on the North Fork bridge. While a portion of the bridge collapsed, enough of the span remained that men could cross single file. With the Guard Hill position untenable with
Confederates across the river, Kenly withdrew his men to the hamlet of
654:
The Union troops were caught by surprise, unaware that the
Confederates had infantry in the area. Banks had not stationed any cavalry at Front Royal, and the lack of cavalry in the morning prevented Union forces from learning of the Confederate advance earlier. The Confederate attack quickly drove
563:
to approach Front Royal. At the time of the
Confederate approach, Banks had about 6,500 men in Strasburg, about 1,000 in Front Royal, and 1,000 in Winchester. Jackson did not know the exact Union strengths, but was aware that the force at Front Royal was weaker than that at Strasburg. Front Royal
718:
pm. The Union troops withdrew across the bridges over the South Fork and the North Fork, and lit the bridges on fire, and burned some of their supplies to prevent them from falling into
Confederate hands. The Confederates were able to put out the fires on the South Fork bridge, and Jackson sent
550:
Between
Jackson and Ewell's forces, the Confederates nominally had 17,000 men, although historian Gary Ecelbarger estimates that due to desertion and straggling the true number of effective was closer to 12,000 or 14,000. The Confederates resumed moving north to strike Banks. The Union forces at
539:
under
Jackson's authority until the reply from Johnston was received. As it took several days for communications to travel between Jackson and Johnston, Jackson did not receive a reply on May 20, when another set of orders for Ewell to move east were received. Jackson then contacted General
468:
to the south. Jackson had orders to try to distract Union troops in the Valley so that they would not be available for McClellan. By March 21, Union high command decided that much of Banks's force was not necessary for the security of the
Shenandoah Valley, and much of it was sent to
784:
Cozzens places
Jackson's losses (excluding Ashby's action) at 36 men killed and wounded, while stating that Kenly's force suffered 773 casualties, of which 691 were as prisoners. Robertson estimates the Union prisoners at 700, and places Jackson's losses at less than 100. The
703:, also raced for the bridge over the North Fork, as Confederate control of that bridge would cut off the last Union line of retreat. These cavalrymen had cut railroad and telegraph lines earlier in the day before heading for the fighting at Front Royal.
555:. By taking Front Royal, Jackson could sever Banks's communications to the east and then get into the rear of the Strasburg position, either capturing it or forcing its abandonment. The Confederates began their march on May 21, crossing
687:, which Banks had sent from Strasburg that morning despite being unaware of the battle, arrived and sortied against the skirmishers of the Confederate 1st Maryland. Meanwhile, Johnson's Marylanders attacked from the center, the
511:. The Confederates were victorious, and Frémont withdrew his force. Jackson then moved his men back north to face Banks. By then, part of Banks's force had again been transferred out of the Valley, and on May 12, the
597:
and some artillery were to remain at Asbury's Chapel, which was 4.5 miles (7.2 km) from Front Royal. Any Union forces withdrawing from Front Royal would have to cross both the South Fork and the North Fork of the
756:
from the Union troops that cut apart Company B of the 6th Virginia. The Union line broke into confusion in the melee. Kenly suffered multiple wounds during the melee and was captured, as were most of the Union troops.
602:. Ecelbarger suggests that the decision to concentrate on a single road would also prevent Union escapees from Front Royal from providing Banks with an accurate estimate of the size of Jackson's command.
375:
was threatened. The Union troops then withdrew across both forks to Guard Hill, where they made a stand until Confederate troops were able to get across the North Fork. Kenly made one last stand at
825:
on June 8. While leaving the field at Cross Keys to rejoin Jackson, Ewell's men burned a bridge to prevent Frémont from joining forces with Shields. On June 9, Jackson defeated Shields in the
387:, and won two further victories in June. Jackson's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley had tied down 60,000 Union troops from joining the Peninsula campaign, and his men were able to join
230:
1939:
802:. To prevent being cut off from Winchester, Banks responded to the fall of Front Royal by rapidly withdrawing from Strasburg. Jackson attacked part of the withdrawing force at
371:. Kenly's men made a stand on Richardson's Hill and used artillery fire to hold off the Confederates, before their line of escape over the South Fork and North Fork of the
383:
shattered the Union position. Many of the Union soldiers were captured, but Banks was able to withdraw his main force to Winchester. Two days later, Jackson then
1944:
1934:
749:
376:
223:
76:
477:. The Confederate attack was repulsed, but it still was considered concerning enough to return the rest of Banks's command to the Valley and to hold another
82:
547:
requesting the continued use of Ewell's men, but another message from Johnston arrived later that day giving Jackson discretionary use of Ewell's command.
532:
216:
1964:
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aides to bring up the artillery and Stonewall Brigade left at Asbury's Chapel. While the commander of the Stonewall Brigade, Brigadier General
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Kenly's position. Kenly had about 700 infantrymen remaining in line at this point. The two Parrott guns fired effectively on the Confederates.
744:
688:
891:
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473:, leaving only about 9,000 of Banks's 35,000 men left in the Valley. On March 23, Jackson attacked the Union forces in the Valley in the
564:
and Strasburg were separated by about 12 miles (19 km) on the more direct railroad route, although longer paths existed on roads.
829:. With Shields and Frémont withdrawing, Jackson was able to take his force from the Shenandoah Valley and join Lee's army for the
1924:
691:
attacked the Union left, and more of Taylor's men fought with the Union right. Some of the Confederate cavalry to the west, the
817:. Meanwhile, Frémont and Shields moved their forces towards Strasburg to concentrate against Jackson. Ashby was killed during
659:, withdrew what remained of his force onto Richardson's Hill, a height between Front Royal and the South Fork, and deployed two
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Strasburg had built fortifications facing south, but Jackson decided to move to the east and destroy the Union outpost at
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to the front of the Confederate column. The Confederate Maryland regiment had recently had an incident with mutiny, but
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While Jackson had fought at Front Royal, Ashby had encountered Union troops during his mission. At about 2:00
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364:. Jackson attacked the position at Front Royal on May 23, surprising the Union defenders, who were led by
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Ashby was promoted to brigadier general on May 23, but did not learn of the promotion until June.
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After Kernstown, Jackson withdrew south in the valley, where he joined forces with Major General
365:
284:
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states that Boyd "told little or nothing about the Yankee force that he did not already know".
639:'s Louisiana brigade in reserve. The Maryland regiment and Wheat's men totaled about 450 men.
1777:
Stonewall in the Valley: Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's Shenandoah Valley Campaign Spring 1862
1753:
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worth of supplies. Ashby's expedition netted the capture of two locomotives. A Union soldier,
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833:. Jackson's Valley Campaign had successfully prevented Union forces from joining McClellan.
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guarded the area between the two forks of the river, and 100 men from two companies of the
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With the two Union cannon battering his lines, Jackson had his chief of artillery, Colonel
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The Confederates learned from captured pickets that the Union force in Front Royal was the
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357:
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8:
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notes that Boyd's significance at Front Royal has been greatly exaggerated and historian
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rode from the town to give Jackson information about the Union force, although historian
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Lewis, Thomas A. (1998). "First Kernstown, Virginia". In Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.).
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the Union forces from Front Royal and their camp, and the Union commander, Colonel
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on June 6. Ewell was tasked with fighting Frémont, and defeated his force at the
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346:
1734:
Pfanz, Donald C. (1998). "Cross Keys, Virginia". In Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.).
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Tanner, Robert G. (1998). "McDowell, Virginia". In Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.).
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in 1897 for his actions in the bridge-burning at Front Royal and in the later
1918:
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Three Days in the Shenandoah: Stonewall Jackson at Front Royal and Winchester
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The arrival of Flournoy's cavalry convinced Kenly to withdraw at around 4:30
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After defeating Banks at Winchester, Jackson advanced his force towards
640:
1677:
Rebel Yell: The Violence, Passion, and Redemption of Stonewall Jackson
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Actions from Front Royal to First Winchester, May 24–25, 1862.
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pm, the Confederate attack began, with the Marylanders in front and
496:, in early May to confront a Union force commanded by Major General
1788:(2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 78–80.
1738:(2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 82–84.
1719:(2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 74–78.
1638:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.
670:
531:
Meanwhile, Ewell had received an order on May 17 dated May 13 from
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made a patriotic speech that energized the unit. At about 2:00
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Jackson prepared his attack on the morning of May 23. Colonel
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was ordered east. Banks then withdrew his remaining force to
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Jackson's Valley Campaign: Front Royal to Port Republic.
1940:
Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
1810:(Louisiana Paperback ed.). Baton Rouge, Louisiana:
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pm, when a single messenger reached his headquarters.
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345:, Jackson turned against the forces of Major General
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Jackson's Valley Campaign: November 1861 – June 1862
1635:
Shenandoah 1862: Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign
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pm, a few of Flournoy's men were able to cross at a
1758:
Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend
1700:(2nd ed.). Boston/New York: Houghton Mifflin.
1859:(Revised ed.). Philadelphia: Combined Books.
918:
892:"Stonewall Jackson's 1862 Campaign in the Valley"
1916:
768:. The position was defended by elements of the
671:Union withdrawal to Richardson's and Guard Hills
329:were trying to keep Union forces engaged in the
1945:Confederate victories of the American Civil War
1838:Decoying the Yankees: Jackson's Valley Campaign
1935:Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia
806:the next day, and then defeated Banks in the
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224:
764:pm, his men attacked Buckton Station on the
38:The Union Army under Banks entering the town
635:behind, with the rest of Brigadier General
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1840:. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books.
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310:, was fought on May 23, 1862, during the
1657:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
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1965:Warren County in the American Civil War
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507:attacked Jackson's men on May 8 in the
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1582:. Congressional Medal of Honor Society
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894:. National Park Service. July 1, 2022
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500:. Part of Frémont's command led by
391:'s Confederate force in time for the
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16:1862 battle of the American Civil War
1779:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
681:29th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
631:'s notoriously unruly battalion of
379:, but an attack by 250 Confederate
13:
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14:
1976:
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1694:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. (1998).
337:. After defeating Major General
333:to prevent them from joining the
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1880:
1812:Louisiana State University Press
152:
135:
1786:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
1736:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
1717:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
1697:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
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843:
770:3rd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment
745:8th Louisiana Infantry Regiment
689:6th Louisiana Infantry Regiment
352:Banks had most of his force at
1925:1862 in the American Civil War
774:27th Indiana Infantry Regiment
611:1st Maryland Infantry Regiment
607:1st Maryland Infantry Regiment
356:, with smaller detachments at
1:
856:
697:6th Virginia Cavalry Regiment
693:2nd Virginia Cavalry Regiment
685:5th New York Cavalry Regiment
466:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
398:
385:drove Banks out of Winchester
327:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
176:Thomas J, "Stonewall" Jackson
1653:Ecelbarger, Gary L. (2008).
779:
581:"Action at Front Royal, Va."
7:
10:
1981:
1775:Tanner, Robert G. (1976).
1622:
808:First Battle of Winchester
573:Initial Confederate attack
429:In March 1862, during the
402:
1955:Jackson's Valley campaign
1855:Martin, David G. (1994).
800:Battle of Weldon Railroad
661:10-pounder Parrott rifles
567:
475:First Battle of Kernstown
405:Jackson's Valley Campaign
316:Jackson's Valley campaign
250:
242:Jackson's Valley campaign
194:
181:
164:
128:
47:
30:
25:
836:
464:troops of Major General
1760:. New York: MacMillan.
827:Battle of Port Republic
452:. To the west, in the
1679:. New York: Scribner.
711:
645:James I. Robertson Jr.
582:
456:, Union Major General
426:
165:Commanders and leaders
55:May 23, 1862
1950:Front Royal, Virginia
1887:Battle of Front Royal
1836:Clark, Champ (1984).
787:National Park Service
766:Manassas Gap Railroad
721:Charles Sidney Winder
709:
677:Stapleton Crutchfield
580:
515:of Brigadier General
412:
403:Further information:
300:Battle of Front Royal
195:Casualties and losses
73:Front Royal, Virginia
26:Battle of Front Royal
1889:at Wikimedia Commons
1485:, pp. 305, 307.
823:Battle of Cross Keys
750:Cedarville, Virginia
557:Massanutten Mountain
322:forces commanded by
77:Cedarville, Virginia
1754:Robertson, James I.
1533:, pp. 307–309.
1497:, pp. 307–308.
1413:, pp. 213–214.
1401:, pp. 303–304.
1362:, pp. 302–303.
1350:, pp. 396–397.
1290:, pp. 301–302.
1227:, pp. 298–299.
1119:, pp. 295–298.
987:, pp. 390–392.
963:, pp. 386–389.
442:George B. McClellan
354:Strasburg, Virginia
98:38.9360°N 78.1923°W
94: /
1909:American Civil War
1449:, p. 304–305.
1374:, pp. 76, 78.
915:, pp. 74, 76.
831:Seven Days battles
794:, was awarded the
743:, and part of the
731:Flournoy's pursuit
712:
618:Bradley T. Johnson
583:
536:Joseph E. Johnston
527:Jackson's approach
509:Battle of McDowell
494:McDowell, Virginia
483:Manassas, Virginia
450:Virginia Peninsula
446:Peninsula campaign
431:American Civil War
427:
393:Seven Days battles
343:Battle of McDowell
335:Peninsula campaign
312:American Civil War
1885:Media related to
1821:978-0-8071-3150-3
1795:978-0-395-74012-5
1745:978-0-395-74012-5
1726:978-0-395-74012-5
1707:978-0-395-74012-5
1686:978-1-4516-7328-9
1645:978-0-8078-3200-4
1615:, pp. 82–84.
1603:, pp. 96–97.
1251:, pp. 55–56.
939:, pp. 78–80.
595:Stonewall Brigade
559:and entering the
502:Brigadier General
454:Shenandoah Valley
418: Confederate
331:Shenandoah Valley
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159:CSA (Confederacy)
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657:John Reese Kenly
633:Louisiana Tigers
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600:Shenandoah River
505:Robert H. Milroy
471:Washington, D.C.
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373:Shenandoah River
369:John Reese Kenly
341:'s force in the
302:, also known as
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1804:Warner, Ezra J.
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42:Edwin Forbes
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1555:Tanner 1976
1459:Gwynne 2014
1411:Tanner 1976
1237:Tanner 1976
1168:Gwynne 2014
1069:Warner 2006
1033:Tanner 1976
937:Tanner 1998
810:on May 25.
561:Page Valley
553:Front Royal
462:Confederate
460:pushed the
424: Union
362:Front Royal
320:Confederate
275:Good's Farm
265:Front Royal
118:Confederate
101: /
1919:Categories
1613:Pfanz 1998
925:Lewis 1998
913:Lewis 1998
857:References
819:a skirmish
804:Middletown
641:Belle Boyd
444:began the
399:Background
381:cavalrymen
377:Cedarville
358:Winchester
308:Cedarville
304:Guard Hill
280:Cross Keys
89:78°11′32″W
86:38°56′10″N
59:1862-05-23
1806:(2006) .
780:Aftermath
521:Strasburg
1756:(1997).
1675:(2014).
1632:(2008).
1586:7 August
772:and the
695:and the
513:division
260:McDowell
182:Strength
71:Between
67:Location
1623:Sources
898:23 July
615:Colonel
593:. The
533:General
448:on the
366:Colonel
120:victory
57: (
1895:Portal
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568:Battle
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114:Result
837:Notes
626:Major
479:corps
435:Union
190:3,000
187:1,063
146:Union
40:, by
1861:ISBN
1842:ISBN
1816:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1762:ISBN
1740:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1588:2022
900:2022
741:ford
360:and
298:The
75:and
52:Date
481:at
318:.
306:or
200:773
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232:e
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218:v
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144:(
61:)
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