191:
177:
166:
320:
112:
37:
332:
field. The
Egyptian troops and officers were called upon to fight under conditions hitherto unknown to them, and without the benefit of tried and skilled leaders. The result was inevitable. Soon the whole Egyptian brigade retreated in complete panic. In this stampede, many of the Egyptian infantry who were falling into ravines or slowed down by the thorny acacias were slaughtered in great numbers as they fled back to Gura fort. According to Lockett out of the 5,000 Egyptians that sortied out only a few hundred managed to return to the fort.
154:
143:
132:
100:
504:"The Emperor mobilised it at the last possible moment since Ethiopian troops lived off the land and Commissariat services were unknown to them. It was nlore of a tribal host travelling with women and children than an organised force. It numbered some hundred thousand. About 50,000 of them were combatant troops with perhaps ten thousand rifles. At no time were more than 15,000-20,000 Ethiopians in action at the same time owing to the nature of the battlefield" (80)
311:. Fearing an attack on the supply depots, Rateb Pasha decided to send 5,000 out of his 7,500 strong force to attack the Ethiopian army, believing that dug-in Egyptian forces were unbeatable by enemies who did not possess artillery, such as the Abyssinians. The 5,000 strong Egyptian infantry of Gura fort sortied out early on March 7. Little did they know, Ethiopian scouts had spotted their movements and prepared to attack the heavily outnumbered Egyptians.
608:"The Dadjazmaches, the Afa Negus, the Turk Basha perished, let alone the soldiers. Abuna Antanewus was injured by lead shot and became sick and died." Alula himself was saved from being shot by a sudden move of his horse. Among the 1,800 dead Ethiopians Shalaqa Alula found the body of his elder brother Basha Gabra Maryam whom he later buried at Mannawe and whose only daughter he adopted.
564:"Within half a mile of Osman, and a mile and a half of our position, and in its immediate front, marshalled in barbarian splendor upon an elevated ridge, were the seated hosts of the foe, full 50,000 strong, their banners and shields glittering in the declining sun, waiting the orders of their king, the ablest and most renowned African warrior of modern times, to move
331:
The gunners and infantry were enfiladed by the
Ethiopians from higher ground, and the slaughter was so great that several regiments became completely demoralized. Those officers who attempted to rally their men and the survivors, were accused generally of joining in the panic, and of cowardice in the
568:
across the valley." (410); "No man of sense can for a moment think this isolated battery, though it might have been supported to some extent by the small battalion of 400 men placed around the mountain, and so far from it as to not afford immediate support, could have beat back King John and his
327:
On March 7, the
Egyptians that left the fort were attacked by the Ethiopians and surrounded. Most of the Ethiopians were armed with firearms, and although they had only one field-gun, it is said to have had no effect in deciding the action. The accounts of the American officers are silent on the
359:
After the withdrawal of the
Ethiopians, the angered Egyptians left their forts and burned the wounded enemies alive. The Ethiopians retaliated by a cold-blooded massacre of about 600 Egyptian prisoners whom they had taken. Among these prisoners killed were Dr. Muhammad Ali Pasha and Neghib Bey
350:
The
Ethiopians followed up their success, and closely invested Fort Gura, which they attacked in force on the 8th and 9 March. On March 10, Rashid Pasha and Osman Bey Neghib led an attack on the Ethiopians which was repulsed with loss, and both officers were killed while leading their men. The
283:
After the defeat at Gundet, the
Egyptians sent a much larger, well-armed force to attempt a second invasion. This army moved to Gura plain, and made two forts there: "Gura" fort and "Khaya Khor" fort. Gura fort was garrisoned by 7,500 men led by Rateb Pasha and ex Confederate general
532:"On November 6th and 7th the Egyptians were attacked by the Abyssinian army, which was estimated at 50,000 men, and surrounded. Most of the Abyssinians were armed with fire-arms, and although they had one field-gun, it is said to have had no effect in deciding the action." (275)
465:"Gura, fought six months later, confirms the superior capabilities of the Ethiopian military. Here 13,000 Egyptian regulars, backed by significant artillery, were thrashed by Yohannis and his 60,000 men. Fought on 7–9 March 1876, it was the decisive battle of the war." (294)
342:
We piled them up with our artillery by scores, but for every man shot, ten seemed to take his place, until the whole plain seem alive with these black demons. Imagine 5,000 men who did not even know how to shoot, fighting over 50,000 savages who are at war all the
328:
point; but it is said that Rateb Pasha allowed his views to be overruled by Loring Pasha, who insisted on the ramps of the trenches which had been erected being razed, so that the artillery could have a clear zone of fire.
534:
The reliability of
Robinson's information can be questioned, as field guns are mentioned in no other primary source, and nearly all sources agree that the Ethiopian force was not as armed with guns as Robinson
351:
Ethiopians then withdrew to loot the dead and collect the rifles which the
Egyptian troops had abandoned. Most of the artillery was lost, as well as considerable quantities of rifle ammunition.
307:
Taking advantage of the lack of
Egyptian reconnaissance, the Ethiopians positioned themselves on the Godolfelassie road, Yohannes could now strike Gura, Khaya Khor or
364:) escaped by the assistance of an Ethiopian girl who discovered him wounded. On March 12, an amnesty was arranged, and Monsieur Sarzac (the French consul at
585:
By late afternoon the
Egyptians were routed, having lost around 3,500 dead and captured, 1,500 wounded, and no more than 400-600 had fled to safety
864:
158:
136:
347:
Uthman Rifqi and his garrison of 5,500 men viewed the entire engagement from their fort at Khaya Khor but decided not to join the battle.
869:
474:
889:
780:
753:
726:
699:
672:
645:
859:
557:
272:
The Egyptian army invaded the Ethiopian Empire from its coastal possessions in what is now Eritrea, and met that of
368:) went over the battlefield where the survivors of the Egyptian army were collected, and reached Massawa in May.
419:
439:
Dunn, John (1994). "For God, Emperor, and Country! The Evolution of Ethiopia's Nineteenth-Century Army".
409:
261:
28:
884:
388:
810:
796:
600:
Ras Alula and the Scramble for Africa A Political Biography : Ethiopia & Eritrea, 1875-1897
371:
News of this defeat was suppressed in Egypt for fear that it would undermine the government of the
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292:
soon arrived in the area with a huge army of over 50,000 men mobilized from the provinces of
319:
8:
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245:
202:
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117:
72:
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50,000 men, with every possible advantage on their side, as already detailed"(412)
842:
770:
743:
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689:
662:
635:
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293:
452:
414:
308:
301:
853:
253:
64:
393:
181:
384:
376:
289:
273:
170:
68:
514:
Robinson, Arthur (1927). "The Egyptian-Abyssinian War of 1874-1876".
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and Khaya Khor fort was garrisoned by 5,500 men led by Uthman Rifqi.
828:(PhD). School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
365:
257:
297:
16:
1876 battle between the Ethiopian Empire and Khedivet of Egypt
486:
Jesman, Czeslaw (1959). "Egyptian Invasion of Ethiopia".
400:
of those areas of this region under imperial authority.
260:. It was the second and decisive major battle of the
851:
826:A Political Biography of Ras Alula 1875 - 1897
843:A Confederate Soldier in Egypt - W.W. Loring
360:Muhammad. Dr Badr (who had been educated in
244:was fought on 7–10 March 1876 between the
578:
552:. Dodd, Mead & Company. p. 410.
323:The Battle Field of Gura. Dye (1880) p519
513:
318:
865:Battles involving the Ethiopian Empire
852:
823:
596:
545:
485:
338:describes the battle in his memoirs;
768:
687:
660:
633:
528:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a100610
516:Journal of the Royal African Society
500:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a094619
438:
387:specifically. He would appoint then
280:on the morning of 16 November 1875.
13:
836:
741:
714:
14:
901:
621:Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia
581:The Ebullient Phoenix: 1860-1881
189:
175:
164:
152:
141:
130:
110:
98:
35:
870:Battles involving Ottoman Egypt
817:
803:
789:
769:Dunn, John P. (2 August 2004).
762:
735:
708:
688:Dunn, John P. (2 August 2004).
681:
661:Dunn, John P. (2 August 2004).
654:
634:Dunn, John P. (2 August 2004).
41:Depiction of the Battle of Gura
745:A Confederate Soldier in Egypt
718:A Confederate Soldier in Egypt
627:
613:
590:
572:
549:A Confederate Soldier in Egypt
539:
507:
479:
468:
432:
383:broadly, and control over the
379:solidify his control over the
1:
425:
267:
811:"The Ethiopian Egyptian War"
797:"The Ethiopian Egyptian War"
420:Military history of Ethiopia
354:
7:
403:
10:
906:
453:10.1177/096834459400100303
860:Military history of Egypt
314:
231:~3,500 killed or captured
225:
212:
123:
91:
45:
34:
26:
21:
890:Egypt–Ethiopia relations
546:Loring, Willaim (1884).
824:Erlich, Haggai (1996).
597:Erlikh, Haggai (1996).
742:Loring, William Wing.
715:Loring, William Wing.
410:Ethiopian–Egyptian War
345:
324:
262:Ethiopian–Egyptian War
124:Commanders and leaders
29:Ethiopian–Egyptian War
772:Khedive Ismail's Army
691:Khedive Ismail's Army
664:Khedive Ismail's Army
637:Khedive Ismail's Army
375:. The victory helped
340:
322:
226:Casualties and losses
336:William Wing Loring
286:William Wing Loring
148:William Wing Loring
579:O'Mahoney, Kevin.
325:
250:Khedivate of Egypt
105:Khedivate of Egypt
782:978-1-135-76546-0
755:978-3-8496-8100-5
728:978-3-8496-8100-5
701:978-1-135-76546-0
674:978-1-135-76546-0
647:978-1-135-76546-0
252:near the town of
238:
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83:Ethiopian victory
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885:1876 in Ethiopia
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522:(103): 263–280.
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381:Ethiopian Empire
377:Emperor Yohannes
274:Emperor Yohannes
246:Ethiopian Empire
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73:Ethiopian Empire
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19:
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837:Further reading
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583:. p. 197.
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488:African Affairs
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53:7–10 March 1876
40:
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875:1876 in Africa
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754:
748:. Dodd, Mead.
734:
727:
721:. Dodd, Mead.
707:
700:
680:
673:
653:
646:
626:
612:
606:. p. 19.
589:
571:
558:
538:
506:
494:(280): 75–81.
478:
467:
447:(3): 278–299.
441:War in History
430:
429:
427:
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423:
422:
417:
415:Battle of Adwa
412:
405:
402:
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242:Battle of Gura
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22:Battle of Gura
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9:
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775:. Routledge.
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730:
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703:
697:
694:. Routledge.
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667:. Routledge.
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649:
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640:. Routledge.
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623:. p. 68.
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385:Mareb Melash
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234:1,800 killed
204:
196:
182:
159:Uthman Rifqi
92:Belligerents
171:Yohannes IV
137:Rateb Pasha
69:Akele Guzay
854:Categories
426:References
268:Background
461:162377977
373:Khedivate
362:Edinburgh
355:Aftermath
199:Atnatewos
566:en masse
404:See also
290:Yohannes
248:and the
213:Strength
60:Location
27:Part of
535:asserts
476:, p. 68
396:as the
390:Shaleqa
366:Massawa
258:Eritrea
205:†
779:
752:
725:
698:
671:
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315:Battle
298:Gojjam
294:Tigray
278:Gundet
221:50,000
218:13,000
201:
115:
80:Result
604:(PDF)
457:S2CID
394:Alula
343:time.
309:Keren
302:Wollo
197:Abuna
185:Alula
777:ISBN
750:ISBN
723:ISBN
696:ISBN
669:ISBN
642:ISBN
554:ISBN
300:and
254:Gura
240:The
65:Gura
50:Date
524:doi
496:doi
449:doi
398:Ras
276:at
256:in
183:Ras
856::
520:26
518:.
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443:.
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71:,
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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