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Ottokar's troops. Such ambushes were commonly regarded as dishonourable in medieval warfare and
Rudolph's commander Ulrich von Kapellen apologized to his own men in advance. Nevertheless, the attack prevailed in splitting and stampeding the Bohemian troops. Ottokar became aware of the surprise attack and tried to lead a remaining reserve contingent in the rear of von Kapellen's troops, a maneuver that was misinterpreted as a
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early morning, the left wing of the advancing
Bohemian troops were embroiled in impetuous attacks by the Cuman forces, which the heavily armed knights could not ward off. Nevertheless, as the main armies collided and the battle wore on, Ottokar's outnumbering cavalry seemed to gain the upper hand, when even Rudolph's horse was stabbed under him and the 60-year-old narrowly escaped with his life, rescued by his liensmen.
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As the election had taken place in his absence, Ottokar did not acknowledge
Rudolph as King. Rudolph himself had promised to regain the "alienated" territories which had to be conferred by the Imperial power with consent of the Prince-electors. He claimed the Austrian and Carinthian territories for
848:
Surprised by
Rudolph's maneuver, Ottokar quickly abandoned the siege at Laa, marched southwards, and on August 26 met the united German and Hungarian forces near DĂĽrnkrut. When he arrived his enemies had already taken the opportunity to explore the topography of the future battleground. From the
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After three hours of continuous fighting on a hot summer day, Ottokar's knights in their heavy armour were suffering from heat exhaustion and were not able to move. At noon
Rudolph ordered a fresh heavy cavalry regiment he had concealed behind nearby hills and woods to attack the right flank of
598:
took place in the center, with Rudolf's forces being driven back. Rudolf's third division, led by the king personally, attacked and halted
Ottokar's charge. Rudolf was unhorsed in the melee and nearly killed. At a decisive moment, a German cavalry force of 200 riders, commanded by Ulrich von
603:
and attacked the
Bohemian right flank from the rear. Assailed from two directions at once, Ottokar's army disintegrated into a rout, and Ottokar himself was killed in the confusion and slaughter. The Cumans pursued and killed the fleeing Bohemians with impunity.
959:
in the 19th century, when it was viewed as the example of a traditional co-operation between the
Habsburg dynasty (Austria) and the Kingdom of Hungary, from one side, and the traditional tension between the Habsburg dynasty and Bohemia, from the Czech side.
782:
in 1276. Ottokar was forced to surrender and to renounce all his acquisitions, receiving only
Bohemia and Moravia as a fief from King Rudolph. Heavily deprived by this, he was determined to regain his territories and contracted an alliance with the Ascanian
812:
horses. About one third of
Ottakar’s knights were Poles from Silesia, Greater Poland and Lesser Poland. Rudolf had 300 heavy cavalry and 4,000 light cavalry, of which an indeterminate number were Hungarians. Rudolf's force included a force of 5,000 Cuman
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In 1253, Ottokar II became Bohemian king upon the death of his father; the concentration of power on the western Hungarian border was viewed with suspicion by King BĂ©la IV, who campaigned against Austria and Styria but was finally defeated at the 1260
981:'s censorship, chose to write the play about Ottokar, in whose story he found many parallels. It nevertheless was immediately forbidden and could not be performed until 1825. Grillparzer perpetuated the legend of Ottokar's wife,
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near the Austrian border, while Rudolph decided to leave Vienna and to face the Bohemian army in open battle in the Morava basin north of the capital, where the Cuman cavalry of King Ladislaus could easily join his forces.
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and advanced to meet the allies near DĂĽrnkrut, north of Vienna. Both armies were composed purely of cavalry and were divided into three divisions that attacked the enemy piecemeal. In the first phase of the battle, the
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to the throne. On the same occasion he reconciled with the Brandenburg margraves, ceding them the guardianship over the minor heir apparent. King Ladislaus IV exerted himself in the
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by the Bohemian forces. The resulting collapse led to a complete victory for Rudolph and his allies. Ottokar's camp was plundered, and he himself was found slain on the battlefield.
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as Austrian dukes; their descendants held the ducal dignity until 1918. However, in Bohemia, Rudolph acted cautiously and reached an agreement with the nobility and Ottokar's widow
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Meanwhile, Rudolph was gathering allies and preparing for battle. He achieved two of these alliances through the classic Habsburg style – marriage. First, he married his son
527:
King Ottokar II of Bohemia expanded his territories considerably from 1250 to 1273, but suffered a devastating defeat in November 1276, when the newly elected German king
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princes. In 1278 he campaigned against Austria, supported by Duke Henry I of Lower Bavaria, who had switched sides. Ottokar first laid siege to the towns of
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in Austria and Central Europe. The influence of the Přemyslid kings of Bohemia was diminished and restricted to their inheritance in Bohemia and Moravia.
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and Emperor-to-be, none of whom were able to gain actual governing power upon the Emperor's death in 1250. That same year, Ottokar II, son of King
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Ottakar fielded 6,000 cavalry, of which 1,000 were heavily armed and armored and 5,000 lightly equipped riders. Ottokar's heavy cavalry rode
833:
924:, still a minor, who nevertheless was murdered in 1306, one year after his father's death, whereby the Přemyslid dynasty became extinct.
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while the Hungarian light cavalry crashed into the Bohemians, driving them from the field. In the second phase, a great collision of
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673:. Ottokar II gained the support of the local nobility and was proclaimed Austrian and Styrian duke by the estates one year later.
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Rot-weiĂź-rote Schicksalstage: Entscheidungsschlachten um Ă–sterreich (Red-White-Red Fatal Days: The Decisive Battles in Austria)
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Ottokar's son, the young king Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, turned out to be a capable ruler. In 1291 he acquired the Polish
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951:, 1872. Such patriotic-tinged works were common in the Czech, German and Hungarian settings during the 19th century.
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assured his possession of the Duchies of Austria and Styria, the heartland and foundation of the rise of the
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732:. By not appearing before the Diet, Ottokar set the events of his demise in motion. He was placed under the
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in 1823 is based on the rise and fall of king Ottokar II. The drama was originally inspired by the life of
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Rudolph, to demonstrate his victory, had Ottokar's body displayed in Vienna. The "poor count" from Swabian
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No exact data on casualties is available, but Ottokar's losses were considerably higher than Rudolf's.
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520:. With 15,300 mounted troops, it was one of the largest cavalry battles in Central Europe during the
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26. 8. 1278 – Moravské pole: poslednà boj Zlatého krále (Marchfeld: The Last Fight of Golden King)
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received the Duchy of Carinthia as a fief. Second, he established an — unstable — alliance with
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Pavlac, Brian A. (2001). "Battle of Marchfeld (August 26, 1276)". In Jeep, John M. (ed.).
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Monument erected in 1978 on the battlefield between the villages DĂĽrnkrut and Jedenspeigen
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and had all his territorial rights revoked, including even his Bohemian inheritance.
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in the Hungarian army outflanked and distracted the Bohemian left flank by launching
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one year later. At the height of his power he aimed at the Imperial crown, but the
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Andreas Kusternig: 700 Jahre Schlacht bei Duernkrut und Jedenspeigen. Wien 1978.
524:. The Hungarian cavalry played a significant role in the outcome of the battle.
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Kings Ladislaus and Rudolph of Habsburg meet over the dead body of King Ottokar
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Walka o spadek po Babenbergach 1246–1278 (War of the Babenbergian Succession)
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The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology: Volume I
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took place on 26 August 1278 and was a decisive event for the history of
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by offering Rudolph's daughter Katharina as wife for the Duke's son,
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in 1300. He was even able to secure the Hungarian crown for his son
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713:
count" Rudolph of Habsburg King of the Romans on 29 September 1273.
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StoletĂ poslednĂch PĹ™emyslovcĹŻ (The Century of the Last PĹ™emyslids)
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Rudolph, so strengthened, besieged Ottokar at the Austrian capital
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as a pledge for her dowry. He also concluded an alliance with King
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Movements of the opposing forces prior to the battle (in German)
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in 1863, was inspired by the battle and the following events.
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The battle was depicted in art especially during the rise of
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of the Cuman warriors, before he was assassinated in 1290.
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The battle marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the
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Battle of Rudolph of Habsburg against Ottokar of Bohemia
681:. In 1268 Ottokar signed a contract of inheritance with
555:. Ottokar was reduced to his possessions in Bohemia and
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Routledge Revivals: Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia
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1248:Bellum.cz – Battle on the Marchfeld 26 August 1278
775:, who intended to settle old scores with Ottokar.
567:and mustered forces for a decisive confrontation.
496:for the following centuries. The opponents were a
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1119:, ed. Oto Luthar, (Peter Lang GmbH, 2008), 128.
669:, in a border conflict he had picked with King
1225:(in Polish). RacibĂłrz: WAW Grzegorz Wawoczny.
1133:Clauss, M. (2010). Rogers, Clifford J. (ed.).
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722:the Empire and summoned Ottokar to the 1275
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767:, in addition to the region of present-day
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474:Második morvamezei csata / dürnkruti csata
1152:Schmitt, Richard; Strasser Peter (2004).
829:The ground was ideal for a cavalry battle
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1201:
1156:(in German). St. Pölten: NP Buchverlag.
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32:This article includes a list of general
1355:Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire
1117:The Land Between: A History of Slovenia
649:, moved into the princeless Duchies of
635:in 1245 created a grave crisis for the
95:and the War of the Babenberg Succession
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539:and took over Ottokar's holdings in
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16:1278 battle of the Great Interregnum
1137:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1206:(in Czech). Praha: Melantrich.
115:on the Battlefield of Marchfeld
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755:. In return, her father Count
1:
1125:
991:The Brandenburgers in Bohemia
966:König Ottokars Glück und Ende
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897:on the succession of her son
842:Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld
761:Duke Henry I of Lower Bavaria
614:
535:on Ottokar, declaring him an
1174:Kofránková, Václava (2006).
1023:
860:
757:Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol
665:had been killed at the 1246
629:Frederick II of Hohenstaufen
429:Heavy; greater than Rudolf's
7:
1178:(in Czech). Praha: Havran.
1001:
977:, but Grillparzer, fearing
512:army under the German king
10:
1371:
1330:Battles of the Middle Ages
936:In art and popular culture
753:Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
716:
667:Battle of the Leitha River
627:The deposition of Emperor
458:Schlacht auf dem Marchfeld
1350:Battles involving Germany
1335:Battles involving Austria
1325:Battles involving Hungary
1320:Battles involving Bohemia
1271:48.4815139°N 16.8773167°E
947:. A romantic painting by
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482:Bitwa pod Suchymi Krutami
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125:
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1202:Žemlička, Josef (1998).
1013:List of battles 601–1400
994:, by the Czech composer
885:, he installed his sons
785:Margraves of Brandenburg
500:(Czech) army led by the
210:Burgraviate of Nuremberg
166:German-Hungarian victory
1310:13th century in Bohemia
1305:13th century in Hungary
1300:13th century in Austria
773:Ladislaus IV of Hungary
663:Frederick II of Austria
647:Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
623:Ottokar's lands in 1272
518:Ladislaus IV of Hungary
466:Bitva na Moravském poli
437:Battle on the Marchfeld
426:Less than the Bohemians
330:Ladislaus IV of Hungary
86:Battle on the Marchfeld
53:more precise citations.
1276:48.4815139; 16.8773167
1221:Mika, Norbert (2008).
1008:Battle of Kressenbrunn
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679:Battle of Kressenbrunn
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570:Ottokar abandoned his
516:in alliance with King
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405:18,000 men and cavalry
321:Commanders and leaders
275:Duchy of Lower Bavaria
259:Margraviate of Moravia
232:Duchy of Upper Bavaria
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421:Casualties and losses
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293:March of Brandenburg
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414:1,000 heavy cavalry
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254:Kingdom of Bohemia
200:Kingdom of Germany
185:Kingdom of Hungary
1340:Conflicts in 1278
1232:978-83-919765-4-8
1018:Battle of Rozgony
971:Franz Grillparzer
879:House of Habsburg
695:March of Carniola
691:House of Sponheim
637:Holy Roman Empire
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1197:. Routledge.
1194:
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1031:
989:
987:
964:
963:The tragedy
962:
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837:
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746:
734:Imperial ban
723:
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706:
699:Windic March
689:duke of the
675:
640:
626:
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569:
533:Imperial ban
531:imposed the
526:
490:Jedenspeigen
440:
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410:
361:
287:Mercenaries:
286:
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216:Mercenaries:
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175:Belligerents
148:Jedenspeigen
106:
91:Part of the
80:
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56:
37:
1274: /
1105:Clauss 2010
1084:Clauss 2010
1055:Clauss 2010
1036:Pavlac 2001
969:written by
957:nationalism
685:, the last
657:. The last
522:Middle Ages
244:Czech lands
188:(including
107:Meeting of
59:August 2011
51:introducing
1289:Categories
1126:References
988:The opera
979:Metternich
928:Casualties
793:Drosendorf
707:KurfĂĽrsten
687:Carinthian
683:Ulrich III
615:Background
599:Kapellen,
34:references
1024:Citations
891:Rudolf II
861:Aftermath
725:Reichstag
659:Babenberg
545:Carinthia
502:Přemyslid
470:Hungarian
450:‹See Tfd›
407:2,000 men
369:Henry III
340:Ludwig II
154:state of
1002:See also
975:Napoleon
949:MĂłr Than
787:and the
730:WĂĽrzburg
697:and the
601:ambushed
549:Carniola
508:and the
498:Bohemian
486:DĂĽrnkrut
400:Strength
194:Szeklers
152:Austrian
144:DĂĽrnkrut
142:between
138:Location
119:MĂłr Than
810:armored
717:Prelude
711:Swabian
651:Austria
592:knights
565:Hungary
557:Moravia
541:Austria
379:Henry I
374:Otto IV
362:†
47:improve
1229:
1210:
1182:
1160:
1141:
914:KrakĂłw
887:Albert
844:, 1835
821:Battle
789:Polish
780:Vienna
749:Albert
655:Styria
588:arrows
561:Vienna
553:Styria
551:, and
537:outlaw
510:German
478:Polish
454:German
443:Morava
358:
190:Cumans
163:Result
121:, 1873
36:, but
661:duke
581:Cuman
572:siege
504:king
462:Czech
445:Field
441:i.e.
1227:ISBN
1208:ISBN
1180:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1139:ISBN
889:and
855:rout
795:and
765:Otto
653:and
594:and
488:and
435:The
192:and
146:and
130:Date
912:at
751:to
728:at
631:by
574:of
484:at
476:);
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1091:^
1062:^
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