4038:
3416:
3981:
4019:
4004:
3504:
other market streets branch off (e.g. in
Isfahan or Tehran), while others are large rectangular zones with a grid-like network of parallel and intersecting streets (e.g. as in Tabriz). The streets are lined with structures of one or two storeys that contain spaces for shops. The streets are typically roofed with brick vaults, pierced by skylights to allow for light and air circulation. The shops are often adjacent or connected to the workshops where the goods are also produced, so that manufacturing and retail are often concentrated in the same areas, though some production (especially of textiles) was also distributed in other parts of the city. Like the bazaars further west, there were also many
3939:
4057:
3924:
559:
3652:
4091:
3962:
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643:
705:, the formal city. This was especially true in Central Asia, though there were exceptions in some regions where the bazaar was grouped with the citadel and the city's Friday mosque inside the city walls. After the 11th century, the growing importance of the suburbs and the commercial districts resulted in most of them being enclosed within newly expanded city walls. From the 10th century onward, the bazaar became the financial center of a city and was heavily patronized and developed by ruling elites. The grouping of a bazaar, citadel, and Friday mosque also became more common.
3493:
379:
3512:
3909:
852:
3886:
709:
48:
4106:
751:
3692:, also famed for its poetry competitions in addition to its storytelling activities. Temporary souks tended to become known for specific types of produce. For example, Suq Hijr in Bahrain was noted for its dates while Suq 'Adan was known for its spices and perfumes. Political, economic and social changes have left only the small seasonal souks outside villages and small towns, primarily selling livestock and agricultural products.
6182:
189:
7094:
7107:
270:
3461:, depending on the city or historical period. It usually hosted the most prestigious and profitable trades such as jewelry, perfumes, and textiles. In order to protect these goods, the entrances to this area could be closed and locked at night or in times of danger. The other recurring element is the presence of courtyard buildings entered via a single large doorway. Often translated into English as a
546:, places where a caravan or caravans arrived and remained for rest and refreshments. Since this might be infrequent, souks often extended beyond buying and selling goods to include major festivals involving various cultural and social activities. Any bazaar may serve a social function as being a place for people to meet in, in addition to its commercial function.
3434:
and close to the heart of the city. In much of the Middle East and North Africa, the bazaar is a network of interconnected spaces, including streets and buildings, with diverse architectural forms. Its boundaries are not sharply defined and can vary according to circumstance, as the bazaar is closely
502:
Persia (550–330 BCE), documents indicate that crafts were sold in markets close to
Persepolis. A network of bazaars had sprung up alongside ancient caravan trade routes. Bazaars located along these trade routes, formed networks, linking major cities with each other and in which goods, culture, people
489:
Scholar
Mohammad Gharipour has pointed out that in spite of the centrality of bazaars in Persian history, relatively little is known due to the lack of archaeological evidence. Historical records document the concept of a bazaar existing in Iran as early as 3000 BCE, where some large cities contained
3772:
featuring a series of 15 engraved plates of Dacca featuring scenes of markets, commerce, buildings and streetscapes. European society generally frowned on nude painting – but harems, concubines and slave markets, presented as quasi-documentary works, satisfied
European desires for pornographic art.
3763:
Many of these works were lavishly illustrated with engravings of every day scenes of
Oriental lifestyles, including scenes of market places and market trade. Artists focused on the exotic beauty of the land – the markets, caravans and snake charmers. Islamic architecture also became favorite subject
3438:
Although there is great variety among the bazaars of this region, there are three recurring elements, in addition to the general network of market streets. One element is the individual shops or booths that line each side of a market street. The shops are usually small spaces open to the street and
761:
In the Middle East, the bazaar is considered to be "the beating heart of the city and a symbol of
Islamic architecture and culture of high significance." Today, bazaars are popular sites for tourists and some of these ancient bazaars have been listed as world heritage sites or national monuments on
3715:
In tribal areas, where seasonal souks operated, neutrality from tribal conflicts was usually declared for the period of operation of a souk to permit the unhampered exchange of surplus goods. Some of the seasonal markets were held at specific times of the year and became associated with particular
3362:
Though each neighbourhood within the city would have a local souk selling food and other essentials, the main bazaar was one of the central structures of a large city, selling durable goods, luxuries and providing services such as money exchange. Workshops where goods for sale are produced (in the
538:
in Iran was an important period for the development of urbanization and commerce. In
Sassanid Iran, the bazaar was usually the heart of a town or city, where it spread outwards and affected the development of other neighbourhoods. The bazaar usually contained, or was adjoined by, an open-air plaza
549:
In pre-Islamic Arabia, two types of souks existed: permanent urban markets and temporary seasonal markets. The temporary seasonal markets were held at specific times of the year and became associated with particular types of produce. Suq Hijr in
Bahrain was noted for its dates while Suq 'Adan was
3503:
In Iran and
Central Asia, the permanent bazaar is likewise in the centre of a city and had common architectural elements. These bazaars acted as financial centers of the city and were traditionally overseen by the state. Some Iranian bazaars are organized around one long market street from which
3750:
Europeans often saw
Orientals as the opposite of Western civilization; the peoples could be threatening- they were "despotic, static and irrational whereas Europe was viewed as democratic, dynamic and rational." At the same time, the Orient was seen as exotic, mysterious, a place of fables and
3439:
occupied by merchants. They are typically equipped with large shutters which can be closed and locked when the shopkeeper is away. Another element is a more secure market area, usually centrally located and consisting of streets that were covered or roofed. This complex is variably known as a
3372:
was the official in charge of regulating and policing the bazaar and other aspects of urban life. They monitored things such as weights and measures, pricing, cleanliness, noise, and traffic circulation, as well as being responsible for other issues of public morality. They also investigated
3355:, which provided support to merchants but also to clients. The exact details of the organizations varied from region to region. Each guild had rules that members were expected to follow, but they were loose enough to allow for competition. Guilds also fulfilled some functions similar to
3695:
Weekly markets have continued to function throughout the Arab world. Most of them are named from the day of the week on which they are held. They usually have open spaces specifically designated for their use inside cities. Examples of surviving markets are the Wednesday Market in
261:, but it refers to an outdoor market held at regular intervals, not a permanent structure containing shops. English place names usually translate "çarşı" (shopping district in a downtown or downtown itself) as "bazaar" when they refer to an area with covered streets or passages.
550:
known for its spices and perfumes. In spite of the centrality of the Middle East in the history of souks, relatively little is known due to the lack of archaeological evidence. However, documentary sources point to permanent marketplaces in cities from as early as 550 BCE.
3663:
A temporary, seasonal souk is held at a set time that might be yearly, monthly or weekly. The oldest souks were set up annually, and were typically general festivals held outside cities. For example, Souk Ukadh was held yearly in pre-Islamic times in an area between
3809:
was a notable American example of a 19th-century artist and author in the Orientalism genre. His parents were wealthy tea and spice merchants who were able to fund his travels and interest in painting. In 1895 Weeks wrote and illustrated a book of travels titled
3716:
types of produce such as Suq Hijr in Bahrain, noted for its dates while Suq 'Adan was known for its spices and perfumes. In spite of the centrality of the Middle Eastern market place, relatively little is known due to the lack of archaeological evidence.
613:, not much is known about the early history of bazaars and it remains a topic of ongoing research. Most of the surviving urban commercial structures in the Islamic world date from the 16th century or later, though some preserved urban
4037:
591:
in 622 CE. He designated an open, unbuilt space as the market area and forbade both the construction of permanent structures and the levying of taxes in this area. Eight years later, he is said to have appointed a market inspector
3351:, the texitle souk, the spice souk, the leather souk, the booksellers' souk, etc. This promotes competition among sellers and helps buyers easily compare prices. Merchants specialized in each trade were also organized into
698:
During the Islamic period in Iran, bazaars developed along the same lines as those of the Sassanid period. Up to the 11th century, the bazaar developed more commonly in the suburbs outside the city walls that enclosed the
159:
culture led to the publication of many books about daily life in Middle Eastern countries. Souks, bazaars and the trappings of trade feature prominently in paintings and engravings, works of fiction and travel writing.
3857:
Although these works were purportedly non-fiction, they were notoriously unreliable. Many of these accounts provided detailed descriptions of market places, trading and commerce. Examples of travel writing include:
3841:
Many English visitors to the Orient wrote narratives around their travels. British Romantic literature in the Orientalism tradition has its origins in the early eighteenth century, with the first translations of
3764:
matter. Some of these works were propaganda designed to justify European imperialism in the East, however many artists relied heavily on their everyday experiences for inspiration in their artworks. For example,
3346:
Bazaars or souks are traditionally divided into specialized sections dealing in specific types of product, each usually housed in a few narrow streets and named after the product it specializes in such as the
3730:
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans conquered and excavated parts of North Africa and the Levant. These regions now make up what is called the Middle East, but in the past were known as the
528:, noted that in Egypt, roles were reversed compared with other cultures and Egyptian women frequented the market and carried on trade, while the men remain at home weaving cloth. He also described
3643:
or caravanserai buildings elsewhere, with a courtyard enclosed by two storeys. The ground floor was usually used for storage and for stabling horses, while the upper floor housed merchants.
2062:
3938:
695:. In some cities, such as Cairo and Aleppo, the main bazaar was initially focused along one important street and then progressively grew and branched off into the surrounding streets.
132:
Although the lack of archaeological evidence has limited detailed studies of the evolution of bazaars, the earliest evidence for the existence of bazaars or souks dates to around 3000
171:
life; in the Middle East, souks tend to be found in a city's old quarter. Bazaars and souks are often important tourist attractions. A number of bazaar districts have been listed as
3980:
736:. The revenues generated by these buildings were typically earmarked to support the upkeep of religious complexes sponsored by these same patrons, through the legal framework of a
163:
Shopping at a bazaar or market-place remains a central feature of daily life in many Middle-Eastern and South Asian cities and towns and the bazaar remains the beating heart of
4018:
231:
In North American and Europe, the English word "bazaar" can denote more generically a shop or market selling miscellaneous items. It can also refer in particular to a sale or
542:
Historically, bazaars were also held outside cities at locations where incoming caravans stopped and merchants displayed their goods for sale. Bazaars were established at
4003:
3923:
503:
and information could be exchanged. Sources from around the same era also indicate that ancient Greeks regulated trade in areas at the center of their cities around
3814:
Other notable painters in the Orientalist genre who included scenes of street life and market-based trade in their work are Jean-Léon Gérôme Delacroix (1824–1904),
3508:
s (caravanserais) built in the area. They acted as warehouses, production centers, wholesale centers, hostels for merchants, and offices for conducting business.
732:(14th to 20th centuries), the construction of commercial buildings in and around the bazaar was often sponsored by sultans, ruling elites, or by members of the
3846:(translated into English from the French in 1705–08). The popularity of this work inspired authors to develop a new genre, the Oriental tale. Samuel Johnson's
6262:
935:
668:
both built structures in the market of Medina and levied taxes there, while purpose-built markets were built in early Islamic cities further abroad such as
5652:"Social bazaar and commercial bazaar: comparative study of spatial role of Iranian bazaar in the historical cities in different socio-economical context"
4075:
4056:
3805:
who lived for several years in a traditional mansion in Cairo, painted highly detailed works showing realistic genre scenes of Middle Eastern life.
4525:
4090:
5891:
5453:
Karimi, M., Moradi, E. and Mehr, R., "Bazaar, As a Symbol of Culture and the Architecture of Commercial Spaces in Iranian-Islamic Civilization,"
5972:
5669:
Gharipour, Mohammad (2012). "Introduction – The Culture and Politics of Commerce: Bazaars in the Islamic world". In Gharipour, Mohammad (ed.).
5623:
Gharipour, Mohammad (2012). "Introduction – The Culture and Politics of Commerce: Bazaars in the Islamic world". In Gharipour, Mohammad (ed.).
5389:
Kuban, Doğan (2011). "Bazaar, Anatolia and the Balkans". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
5264:
Gharipour, Mohammad (2012). "Introduction – The Culture and Politics of Commerce: Bazaars in the Islamic world". In Gharipour, Mohammad (ed.).
5181:
Gharipour, Mohammad (2012). "Introduction – The Culture and Politics of Commerce: Bazaars in the Islamic world". In Gharipour, Mohammad (ed.).
5097:
Gharipour, Mohammad (2012). "Introduction – The Culture and Politics of Commerce: Bazaars in the Islamic world". In Gharipour, Mohammad (ed.).
3489:. They could serve a variety of functions including an inn for travelers and merchants, a manufacturing center, a trade venue, or a warehouse.
5590:
5569:
5355:
Floor, Willem (2011). "Bazaar, Iran and Central Asia". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
5924:
3373:
complaints about cheating or the quality of goods. The equivalent official could be known by other titles in different regions, such as the
3773:
The Oriental female wearing a veil was a particularly tempting subject because she was hidden from view, adding to her mysterious allure.
7064:
3685:
5942:
4475:
656:
Muhammad's prohibition against constructing permanent buildings and levying taxes in the market began to be disregarded as early as the
3908:
2738:
98:. They are traditionally located in vaulted or covered streets that have doors on each end and served as a city's central marketplace.
6492:
3607:
s could be independent markets built outside the main bazaar area, such as those built as part of large religious complexes like the
1050:
3961:
3885:
5478:
4832:
O'Meara, Simon (2011). "Bazaar, Arab lands". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
3326:
7008:
5547:
5499:
3701:
2713:
789:
in Aleppo is the largest covered historic market in the world, with an approximate length of 13 kilometers. It is part of the
7069:
6708:
6040:
5680:
5634:
5275:
5192:
5108:
5056:
5029:
5003:
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4949:
4897:
4868:
4718:
4665:
4638:
4105:
4885:
4581:
3530:
In the cities that developed under the Ottoman Empire, there was generally one central bazaar area, known in Turkish as the
109:, where it referred to a town's public market district. The term bazaar is sometimes also used to refer collectively to the
2102:
4205:– a morning market, typically a wet market that trades from dawn until midday, found in Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore.
7003:
5825:
4858:
2718:
2480:
1644:
490:
districts dedicated to trade and commerce. Archeological data also suggests the existence of market districts in ancient
3339:
Shopping at a souk or market place is part of daily life throughout much of the Middle East. Prices are commonly set by
2077:
7141:
5965:
2723:
4496:
691:) in particular. Markets that sold the most important or expensive goods were usually located near the city's central
5423:
5398:
5364:
5328:
5303:
4841:
2753:
2067:
6057:
6977:
4295:
3415:
2579:
1264:
3359:
and were able to negotiate with the government on behalf of merchants or represent their interests when needed.
228:. The term spread from Persian into Arabic, now used throughout the Middle East and in the Indian subcontinent.
7074:
6755:
2160:
1274:
529:
281:
The word "souk" in the Arabic-speaking world is roughly equivalent to "bazaar". The Arabic word is a loan from
7054:
7049:
7044:
6000:
5958:
5799:
2455:
606:
in Islamic cities, an official in charge of overseeing public morality and regulating weights and measures.
7151:
7059:
7039:
7034:
7013:
6886:
6274:
6118:
6010:
5570:
https://www.thenational.ae/business/travel-and-tourism/doha-s-sprawling-souk-enters-the-modern-age-1.420872
5131:
Pourjafar, Mohammadreza; Amini, Masoome; Hatami Varzaneh, Elham; Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad (2014-03-01).
3550:('covered market'), is a famous example. Additionally, several types of market structures were common: the
3319:
3000:
861:
609:
Despite the importance of the bazaar to economic life and the prominence of marketplace terminology in the
5892:"Compararative Sustainability of Bazaar in Iranian Traditional Cities: Case Studies in Isfahan and Tabriz"
5851:
Les Mystères de l'Égypte Dévoilés, (French Edition) (originally published in 1865), Elibron Classics, 2006
3676:. While a busy market, it was more famous for its poetry competitions, judged by prominent poets such as
136:. Cities in the ancient Middle East appear to have contained commercial districts. Later, in the historic
6035:
4938:
Staff, Press Boulevard Company; Press, Oxford University; Staff, Oxford University Press (1999). "souk".
4143:
2888:
2646:
2641:
2584:
2155:
514:
222:
172:
4968:
Architecture and Urban Transformation of Historical Markets: Cases from the Middle East and North Africa
4215:
commercial district, typically in the form of a local market street that is closed to vehicular traffic.
472:
are often covered rows of stalls much like those seen elsewhere in the region, selling produce, spices,
6437:
4762:
3755:. A proliferation of both Oriental fiction and travel writing occurred during the early modern period.
2770:
2651:
1718:
975:
782:
5228:
4860:
Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords: Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects
3797:(1827–1910) who all found inspiration in Oriental street scenes, trading and commerce. French painter
148:, and certain architectural forms, such as roofed streets and courtyard buildings known in English as
7146:
6030:
6020:
5441:
Le Khan al-Khalili et ses environs: Un centre commercial et artisanal au Caire du XIIIe au XXe siècle
4132:
3838:
A proliferation of both Oriental fiction and travel writing occurred during the early modern period.
3815:
3801:
visited Istanbul in the 17th century and painted pastels of Turkish domestic scenes. British painter
3782:
2703:
2698:
2165:
2072:
1311:
1205:
6242:
6061:
558:
7136:
6987:
6270:
6196:
4286:
3583:
was a solid stone building, typically rectangular and roofed by domes, with shops inside. Like the
3363:
case of a merchant selling locally-made products) are typically located away from the souk itself.
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1649:
1436:
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6045:
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4267:
3608:
3520:
3312:
3205:
1380:
1306:
1259:
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24:
3798:
684:
in Tunisia. This process seems to have accelerated during the reign of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (
6534:
6086:
4424:
4028:
3537:
2818:
2733:
2636:
2574:
2445:
2395:
2044:
2032:
1614:
882:
443:
407:
307:
52:
6005:
5019:
4993:
4628:
4467:
1980:
6740:
6143:
6101:
6081:
5046:
4966:
4323:
4233:
3616:
2783:
2708:
2385:
877:
835:
4655:
569:(14th century), one of the oldest preserved urban commercial structures in the Islamic world
7086:
6840:
6138:
6133:
6123:
6108:
6091:
6076:
6066:
6015:
5995:
5981:
5773:
New York, Laynfaroh, 2005; Meagher, J., "Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century Art," , Online:
4380:
4239:
3802:
2170:
1294:
1289:
1177:
902:
897:
892:
887:
872:
733:
465:
382:
3781:
Notable artists in the Orientalist genre include: Jean-Léon Gérôme Delacroix (1824–1904),
3435:
integrated with its urban surroundings and with other important institutions of the city.
498:
to conduct international trade, but no archeological evidence for them has been found. In
8:
7098:
6856:
6698:
6628:
6600:
6539:
6432:
6113:
6096:
6071:
6050:
3827:
3794:
3651:
3603:
is usually an elongated market structure or market street with shops lining its façades.
3492:
2928:
2918:
2843:
2532:
2475:
2465:
2435:
2400:
2380:
1194:
1000:
970:
907:
642:
518:
286:
5133:"Role of bazaars as a unifying factor in traditional cities of Iran: The Isfahan bazaar"
3830:(1827–1910), who all found inspiration in Oriental street scenes, trading and commerce.
3629:('Egyptian Market') in Istanbul is also one of the largest and best-known examples. The
1686:
6025:
2858:
2793:
2778:
2748:
2547:
2542:
2527:
2420:
2415:
2109:
2082:
1681:
1269:
1239:
1225:
778:
713:
140:, bazaars typically shared in common certain institutions, such as the position of the
5936:
4199:
that opens in the evening, typically held in the street in residential neighbourhoods.
3823:
3790:
509:
buildings. The ideas of Greek city planning were spread to the Middle East during the
152:. The exact details of their evolution and organization varied from region to region.
6795:
6207:
5821:
5676:
5651:
5630:
5419:
5394:
5360:
5324:
5299:
5271:
5188:
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5104:
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5025:
4999:
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4945:
4893:
4864:
4837:
4714:
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4634:
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3819:
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3034:
3015:
2561:
2522:
2470:
2460:
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2425:
2410:
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2004:
1388:
1132:
826:
646:
499:
5774:
5725:
4787:
2259:
7131:
6952:
6760:
6638:
6482:
6472:
6395:
6202:
5745:
5144:
4391:
4351:
4334:
4258:
4112:
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3899:
3806:
3673:
3511:
3497:
3005:
2990:
2975:
2923:
2828:
2728:
2631:
2594:
2537:
2517:
2512:
2485:
2405:
2264:
2027:
1935:
1825:
1820:
1604:
1509:
1447:
1412:
1404:
1254:
1244:
1147:
980:
774:
725:
252:
118:
106:
4704:
4602:
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beauty. This fascination with the other gave rise to a genre of painting known as
3045:
378:
6927:
6745:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6457:
6217:
5800:"The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Romantic Age: Topic 4: Overview"
5670:
5624:
5529:
5265:
5182:
5098:
5073:
4939:
4708:
4415:
4278:
3994:
3863:
3419:
3282:
3155:
3010:
2938:
2903:
2803:
2693:
2599:
2440:
2244:
1970:
1835:
1701:
1691:
1654:
1420:
1087:
1030:
1020:
535:
510:
434:
398:
5209:
4681:
3712:
offers performance acts such as singing, music, acrobats and circus activities.
3050:
1965:
1930:
6901:
6896:
6785:
6687:
6575:
6544:
6222:
6212:
5838:
The Rise of Oriental Travel: English Visitors to the Ottoman Empire, 1580–1720,
5149:
5132:
4314:
4306:
4172:
3195:
2980:
2955:
2626:
2507:
2499:
2299:
2229:
1945:
1920:
1773:
1723:
1671:
1609:
1554:
1457:
1321:
1279:
1142:
1127:
1035:
1010:
955:
945:
851:
790:
786:
729:
657:
636:
562:
240:
208:
3948:
1925:
7125:
6580:
6565:
5931:
5158:
4371:
4228:
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3237:
3075:
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2798:
2324:
2306:
1815:
1477:
1396:
1351:
1284:
1210:
798:
766:
692:
661:
495:
303:) by the 19th century. The English word can also be spelled "suq" or "souq".
137:
708:
7111:
6866:
6128:
4504:
4178:
4168:
3620:
3462:
3267:
3190:
3080:
2985:
2868:
2661:
2049:
2022:
1940:
1870:
1850:
1639:
1599:
1588:
1373:
1336:
1102:
843:
755:
614:
543:
164:
149:
91:
87:
75:
6232:
4549:
4208:
4171:– a terminal market or market for second hand goods (South Asia), such as
2319:
2311:
2190:
810:
6713:
6447:
6427:
5439:
Denoix, Sylvie; Depaule, Jean-Charles; Tuchscherer, Michel, eds. (1999).
5130:
4223:
4184:
4158:
3952:
3752:
3725:
3597:
in other regions, it hosted the most important and luxurious trades. The
3356:
3277:
3232:
3130:
2970:
2334:
1955:
1910:
1845:
1753:
1676:
1529:
1524:
1331:
1249:
1220:
1215:
1070:
491:
368:
364:
337:
215:
201:
79:
5254:
Book I (The Babylonians), c. 440BC, translated by G.C. Macaulay, c. 1890
6911:
6871:
6682:
6417:
6330:
6266:
5950:
5946:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 559.
5899:
International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering
4914:
4202:
3681:
3431:
3340:
3242:
3170:
3150:
3145:
2743:
2609:
2430:
2239:
2017:
1950:
1897:
1763:
1666:
1549:
1316:
1172:
1107:
995:
940:
236:
168:
133:
95:
35:
20:
7018:
6932:
6770:
5577:
5516:
5294:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Market, covered".
4603:"bazaar - Origin and meaning of bazaar by Online Etymology Dictionary"
3430:
Permanent bazaars were established in urban zones, usually within the
1092:
809:, is on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 2007.
6703:
6661:
6643:
6412:
6335:
6280:
6227:
5712:
5466:
4196:
4192:
3709:
3677:
3669:
3348:
3252:
3222:
3085:
2913:
2878:
2853:
2656:
2614:
2604:
2254:
1778:
1539:
1487:
1452:
1162:
965:
930:
806:
639:
in Baghdad, built in 1359 as part of a larger architectural complex.
525:
469:
390:
317:
47:
31:
1005:
750:
6672:
6633:
6570:
6513:
6487:
6452:
6350:
6171:
5787:
New Worlds Reflected: Travel and Utopia in the Early Modern Period,
5710:
New Worlds Reflected: Travel and Utopia in the Early Modern Period,
5319:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Caravanserai".
4737:
4188:
3990:
3577:
3541:
3287:
3200:
3180:
3165:
2960:
2933:
2289:
2249:
2195:
1783:
1564:
1519:
1472:
1462:
1346:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1045:
1015:
805:, Iran, was listed by UNESCO in 2010. The Bazaar of Qaisiyariye in
717:
681:
650:
599:
574:
193:
156:
141:
110:
56:
39:
30:"Souq" redirects here. For the city in Iran of a similar name, see
6835:
6181:
3120:
3115:
3060:
2329:
814:
188:
6982:
6805:
6790:
6780:
6765:
6618:
6462:
6360:
6290:
6237:
4148:
3893:
3705:
3569:
3386:
3292:
3262:
3217:
3185:
3140:
3135:
3125:
3070:
3065:
2995:
2950:
2908:
2788:
2390:
2217:
2092:
2087:
1768:
1728:
1696:
1514:
1482:
1122:
770:
566:
454:
372:
282:
83:
5724:
Meagher, J., "Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century Art," , Online:
2131:
762:
the basis of their historical, cultural or architectural value.
269:
129:
and refers to marketplaces in the Middle East and North Africa.
6942:
6891:
6881:
6876:
6829:
6800:
6775:
6750:
6677:
6623:
6549:
6497:
6477:
6365:
6355:
6340:
6325:
5416:
Cairo of the Mamluks: A History of Architecture and its Culture
3612:
3524:
3272:
3257:
3247:
3100:
3055:
2898:
2893:
2883:
2863:
2813:
2284:
2279:
2269:
2234:
2200:
2148:
2141:
2126:
2121:
2057:
2011:
1985:
1975:
1875:
1860:
1855:
1840:
1830:
1805:
1793:
1788:
1758:
1748:
1743:
1634:
1619:
1559:
1544:
1492:
1467:
1356:
1341:
1326:
1167:
1137:
1117:
1112:
1075:
802:
677:
588:
584:
473:
464:, and holds a prominent role in everyday life. Markets such as
458:
422:
126:
60:
7093:
3734:
Europeans sharply divided peoples into two broad groups – the
3395:
also shared responsibilities with other officials such as the
1990:
1810:
1706:
316:
refers to markets in both the physical sense and the abstract
6957:
6937:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6528:
6518:
6467:
6422:
6407:
6401:
6375:
6370:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6285:
6166:
5935:
5925:
Iran Chamber Society on Architecture of the Bazaar at Isfahan
4300:
4212:
3697:
3689:
3665:
3656:
3423:
3382:
3352:
3297:
3227:
3160:
3110:
3105:
3090:
2873:
2838:
2833:
2823:
2808:
2676:
2666:
2589:
2339:
2274:
2116:
2097:
1960:
1915:
1905:
1880:
1865:
1738:
1629:
1574:
1569:
1534:
1504:
1157:
1152:
1025:
990:
950:
925:
920:
794:
669:
610:
274:
5771:
Orientalists: Western Artists in Arabia, the Sahara, Persia,
5672:
The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History
5626:
The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History
5530:"Bazaar of Qaisariye in Laar - UNESCO World Heritage Center"
5267:
The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History
5184:
The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History
5100:
The Bazaar in the Islamic City: Design, Culture, and History
3872:
Road Trip Diary of a Painter in the Atlas and the Anti-Atlas
6947:
6906:
6692:
6666:
6523:
6442:
6258:
5591:"Perfecting the haggle: why it's always worth walking away"
4941:
The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English
4236:– a covered passageway with stores along one or both sides.
3465:, this type of building is known in different regions as a
3397:
3175:
3095:
2848:
2681:
2671:
2185:
2136:
1733:
1624:
1040:
985:
960:
738:
673:
505:
232:
175:
due to their historical and/or architectural significance.
114:
5323:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. 353–355.
5298:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 464–465.
4181:– a bazaar that raises money for non-profit organisations.
5548:"Turkey's bazaar added to temporary UNESCO Heritage list"
754:
Mule moving goods around in the car-free Medina quarter,
5500:"eAleppo:Aleppo city major plans throughout the history"
5438:
5080:
Socco est l'altération espagnole du mot arabe souk (...)
635:) date from earlier periods. The oldest of these is the
5078:(in French). Paris: Plon, Nourrit et Cie. p. 219.
5321:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
5296:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
5270:. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 14–15.
4713:. University of Miami Press. Section Three: Purchase.
3854:
is another example of the Romantic Orientalism genre.
3719:
3343:, also known as haggling, between buyers and sellers.
285:"šūqā" ("street, market"), itself a loanword from the
5629:. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 1–50.
5187:. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 3–15.
4402:
4365:
4345:
4272:
700:
5656:
5th International Space Syntax Symposium Proceedings
5572:; Ramkumar, E.S., "Eid Shopping Reaches Crescendo,"
5103:. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 4–5.
4696:
4429:
3877:
3850:(1759) is mid-century example of the genre. Byron's
3637:
3584:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3455:
3440:
3402:
3390:
3367:
773:, which includes numerous long market streets (e.g.
630:
624:
618:
600:
593:
578:
448:
412:
346:
330:
322:
311:
291:
155:
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Western interest in
142:
5863:
La Vie et l'Oeuvre de Jacques Majorelle: 1886–1962,
5443:. Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale.
5210:"Tabriz Historical Bazaar in the context of change"
4328:
3700:that specializes in the sale of used products, the
539:that served as a forum of socio-economic activity.
5075:Villes et solitudes: croquis d'Europe et d'Afrique
4703:Benveniste, Émile; Lallot, Jean (1 January 1973).
4385:
320:sense (e.g., an Arabic-speaker would speak of the
5775:http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htm
5726:http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htm
5675:. American University in Cairo Press. p. 4.
4526:"Bazaars and Bazaar Merchants | Encyclopedia.com"
598:), a position that likely evolved into the later
34:. For the village in Iran of a similar name, see
7123:
5889:
5746:https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/20048/lot/2070/
5413:
5318:
5293:
5207:
4702:
4048:Egypt: Descriptive, Historical, and Picturesque,
820:
5740:London, J. Landseer, 1814 as cited in Bonham's
4937:
5564:"Doha's Sprawling Souk Enters the Modern Era,
5479:"eAleppo: The old Souks of Aleppo (in Arabic)"
3776:
74:is a marketplace consisting of multiple small
5966:
4165:) an open air bazaar or market in South Asia.
3630:
3624:
3598:
3591:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3531:
3447:
3320:
793:, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986 in
256:
4126:
3812:From the Black Sea through Persia and India.
660:(7th to 8th centuries). The Umayyad caliphs
573:According to traditional Muslim narratives,
359:In northern Morocco, the Spanish corruption
340:
298:
5492:
5208:Hanachi, Pirooz; Yadollahi, Solmaz (2011).
4883:
4831:
4647:
4434:. In English, the word can also be spelled
336:for oil, and would call the concept of the
297:was then borrowed into English via French (
200:The origin of the word "bazaar" comes from
5973:
5959:
5878:The Persian Bazaar: Veiled Space of Desire
5418:. The American University in Cairo Press.
3708:specializing in pets; the Fina’ Market in
3684:. An example of an Islamic annual souk is
3410:
3327:
3313:
2739:On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy
5890:Assari, Ali; T.M.Mahesh (December 2011).
5668:
5622:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5263:
5180:
5148:
5096:
4890:History of the Akkadian Language (2 vols)
4856:
4827:
3848:History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia,
3833:
5980:
5930:
5048:Tangier: A Literary Guide For Travellers
5044:
4998:. Oxford University Press. p. 695.
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4807:
3930:Cashmere Travellers in a Street of Delhi
3650:
3510:
3491:
3414:
749:
707:
641:
587:shortly after arriving there during the
557:
377:
268:
187:
46:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5289:
5287:
5071:
4653:
4620:
3768:, who was born in India, published the
3655:Cayenne peppers at the Souk Al Milh in
494:. Markets centers must have existed in
484:
7124:
5373:
5337:
5226:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5168:
4660:. Oxford University Press. p. 8.
4657:The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History
4633:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 104.
4044:Carpet Merchant in the Khan el Khaleel
2714:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
817:was placed on tentative list in 2020.
5954:
5880:(Mage Publications) by Mehdi Khansari
5742:Fine Books and Manuscripts Catalogue,
5649:
5588:
5388:
5354:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5092:
5090:
5088:
4991:
4964:
4804:
4732:
4730:
4154:Types of markets, bazaars and souks:
4012:by Amedeo Preziosi, late 19th century
3366:Historically, in Islamic cities, the
5886:(Agah Publications) by Azita Rajabi.
5884:The Morphology of the Persian Bazaar
5662:
5607:
5284:
5257:
5252:Herodotus: The History of Herodotus,
4892:. Vol. 2. Brill. p. 1506.
4654:Daryaee, Touraj (16 February 2012).
4626:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4290:
728:(13th to 16th centuries) and in the
19:For the version control system, see
5865:, ARC Internationale edition, 1988.
5578:http://www.arabnews.com/node/304533
5517:https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1346
5432:
5312:
5165:
5137:Frontiers of Architectural Research
4995:Paperback Oxford English Dictionary
4971:. Taylor & Francis. p. 2.
4419:
4395:
4375:
4282:
4262:
3720:In art and literature – Orientalism
2719:The Incoherence of the Philosophers
2374:National literatures of Arab States
438:
402:
341:
289:"sūqu" ("street"). The Arabic word
13:
7009:Influences on Western architecture
5871:
5818:Literary Orientalism: A Companion,
5760:Cengage Learning, 2010, pp 330–331
5643:
5527:
5467:https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/170
5117:
5085:
4912:
4727:
4710:Indo-European Language and Society
4705:"Chapter Nine: Two Ways of Buying"
3646:
2724:The Incoherence of the Incoherence
14:
7163:
5918:
4566:
4518:
4455:
3917:, by Edwin Lord Weeks, circa 1885
3878:Gallery of paintings and drawings
3860:Les Mysteres de L'Egypte Devoiles
3758:
553:
7105:
7092:
6180:
5414:Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2007).
4104:
4099:in Cairo, by David Roberts, 1838
4089:
4074:
4055:
4036:
4017:
4002:
3979:
3960:
3937:
3922:
3907:
3884:
3635:is similar in function to other
850:
121:who work in that area. The term
6978:Aga Khan Award for Architecture
5855:
5843:
5830:
5810:
5792:
5779:
5763:
5750:
5730:
5718:
5702:
5689:
5582:
5558:
5540:
5528:Center, UNESCO World Heritage.
5521:
5514:Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex,
5506:
5471:
5456:
5447:
5407:
5245:
5220:
5201:
5065:
5038:
5012:
4985:
4958:
4931:
4906:
4877:
4850:
4780:
4755:
4674:
4584:from the original on 2009-04-22
4478:from the original on 2012-06-22
4219:Markets and retail in general:
4084:in Cairo by David Roberts, 1838
3496:A covered market street in the
745:
686:
354:
328:in the old city as well as the
38:. For the online retailer, see
5699:Cengage Learning, 2010, p. 330
4595:
4542:
4489:
4409:
4252:
530:The Babylonian Marriage Market
178:
1:
5820:New Delhi, Viva Books, 2009,
5391:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
5357:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
5214:ICOMOS Conference Proceedings
4888:. In Vita, Juan-Pablo (ed.).
4834:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
4767:Oxford Learner's Dictionaries
4627:Ayto, John (1 January 2009).
4501:Lexico Dictionaries | English
4449:
4116:
4111:Timcheh Amin-o-Dowleh in the
821:Organization and institutions
246:
7070:Sudano-Sahelian architecture
5658:. Netherlands: Techne Press.
5650:Nejad, Reza Masoudi (2005).
5229:"Herodotus on the Egyptians"
5072:Rivière, Paul-Louis (1908).
4857:Corriente, Federico (2008).
4301:
3704:market held every Friday in
577:established a market place (
78:or shops, especially in the
7:
5927:(archived 30 December 2007)
5756:Nanda, S. and Warms, E.L.,
5695:Nanda, S. and Warms, E.L.,
5589:Islam, Sanam (2010-03-27).
5216:. Paris, France: 1028–1039.
4944:. Oxford University Press.
4919:Online Etymology Dictionary
4430:
4403:
4386:
4366:
4346:
4329:
4273:
4144:List of Orientalist artists
4137:
3777:Notable Orientalist artists
3672:during the sacred month of
3638:
3585:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3456:
3441:
3403:
3391:
3389:(northwestern Africa), the
3368:
2889:One Thousand and One Nights
701:
631:
625:
619:
601:
594:
579:
449:
413:
347:
331:
323:
312:
292:
255:, the word was borrowed as
173:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
143:
10:
7168:
6438:Islamic geometric patterns
5849:Audouard, O. (de Jouval),
5233:World History Encyclopedia
5227:Thamis (18 January 2012).
5150:10.1016/j.foar.2013.11.001
4884:Huehnergard, John (2021).
4792:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
4130:
4082:Bazaar of the Coppersmiths
3932:by Edwin Lord Weeks, 1880s
3723:
3617:Sultanahmet Mosque complex
2652:Arcs of Descent and Ascent
1719:Andalusian classical music
1645:Arabic musical instruments
976:Islamic geometric patterns
824:
783:UNESCO World Heritage Site
479:
29:
18:
16:Type of public marketplace
7142:Persian words and phrases
7083:
7027:
6996:
6970:
6920:
6872:Dar al-Shifa (Bimaristan)
6849:
6733:
6726:
6652:
6609:
6558:
6506:
6384:
6300:
6251:
6189:
6178:
6159:
6152:
5988:
4472:www.collinsdictionary.com
4355:
4338:
4318:
4310:
4133:List of bazaars and souks
4127:List of bazaars and souks
3816:Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps
3783:Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps
2699:The Theology of Aristotle
2166:Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry
2063:Love in Arabic literature
1312:Arabic geometric patterns
1275:Islamic hardstone carving
1206:Ancient South Arabian art
777:) and bazaar areas (e.g.
183:
6988:Museum with No Frontiers
4886:"The Legacy of Akkadian"
4245:
3422:, the central bazaar of
2068:Arabic erotic literature
1265:Palestinian wood carving
363:is often used as in the
7099:Architecture portal
5943:Encyclopædia Britannica
5045:Shoemake, Josh (2013).
4992:Waite, Maurice (2012).
4554:Encyclopedia Britannica
3609:Selimiye Mosque complex
3544:, known locally as the
3521:Selimiye Mosque complex
3411:Layout and architecture
2575:Islamic Aristotelianism
2570:Early Arabic Philosophy
666:Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
264:
25:Bazaar (disambiguation)
7004:Indo-Saracenic Revival
6404:(multicoloured ashlar)
5758:Cultural Anthropology,
5697:Cultural Anthropology,
5568:, 25 February 2011, "
4965:Hamza, Neveen (2022).
4029:Anton Robert Leinweber
3866:published in 1865 and
3834:Orientalist literature
3824:Eugène Alexis Girardet
3791:Eugène Alexis Girardet
3660:
3631:
3625:
3599:
3592:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3532:
3527:
3500:
3448:
3427:
3212:South Arabian deities
2734:Theologus Autodidactus
1615:Rhythm in Arabic music
758:
721:
653:
570:
513:period, following the
418:
393:, often simply called
308:Modern Standard Arabic
299:
278:
257:
197:
63:
23:. For other uses, see
6741:Congregational mosque
6199:(four-arch structure)
5738:Antiquities of Dacca,
5021:DK Eyewitness Morocco
4863:. Brill. p. 25.
4684:. Dictionary.com, LLC
4131:Further information:
3915:Street Scene in India
3724:Further information:
3654:
3514:
3495:
3418:
3041:North Arabian deities
2945:Fictional Arab people
2784:Atlantis of the Sands
2709:The Book of the Apple
1290:Islamic ivory carving
753:
711:
645:
617:(commonly known as a
561:
524:The Greek historian,
476:, and even clothing.
381:
272:
191:
50:
7065:Ottoman architecture
7055:Moorish architecture
7050:Islamic architecture
7045:Iranian architecture
6468:Sebka (Darj-wa-ktaf)
6322:(or müezzin mahfili)
5982:Islamic architecture
5840:Palgrave, 2004, p. 6
4530:www.encyclopedia.com
4240:History of marketing
4187:– a night market in
4097:Bazaar El Moo Ristan
4046:, from Georg Ebers,
3803:John Frederick Lewis
3799:Jean-Étienne Liotard
3770:Antiquities of Dacca
2171:Modern Arabic poetry
1846:Gnawa (North Africa)
1687:Classical Arab music
734:Ottoman royal family
485:Origins in antiquity
7152:Shopping (activity)
7102: •
7089: •
7075:Yemeni architecture
7060:Mughal architecture
7040:Berber architecture
7035:Arabic architecture
6699:Salsabil (fountain)
6433:Islamic calligraphy
4915:"Etymology of souk"
4161:– (also known as a
3997:, late 19th century
3945:Bazaar in Samarkand
3828:William Holman Hunt
3795:William Holman Hunt
3377:in Istanbul or the
2844:Iram of the Pillars
2103:Mirrors for princes
1650:Great Book of Music
1383:(Arabian Peninsula)
971:Islamic calligraphy
781:), was listed as a
742:(legal endowment).
519:Alexander the Great
235:to raise money for
6776:Kuttab (or maktab)
4607:www.etymonline.com
3947:, illustration by
3874:published in 1922
3844:The Arabian Nights
3661:
3528:
3501:
3428:
3426:(photo from 1880s)
2966:Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad
2794:Beast of the Earth
2749:Sicilian Questions
2580:Islamic Platonism
2533:Arabic mathematics
2083:Arabic short story
2078:Literary_criticism
1270:Islamic embroidery
1240:Arabic calligraphy
779:Kissariat al-Kifah
759:
722:
654:
571:
453:) shares a common
419:
383:Shuk Mahane Yehuda
279:
223:Proto-Indo-Iranian
198:
64:
7119:
7118:
6966:
6965:
6722:
6721:
6709:Shading Umbrellas
6493:Stucco decoration
6393:For overview, see
6208:Four-centred arch
5736:D'Oyly, Charles,
5682:978-1-61797-346-8
5636:978-1-61797-346-8
5576:13 October 2007,
5277:978-1-61797-346-8
5194:978-1-61797-346-8
5110:978-1-61797-346-8
5058:978-0-85773-376-4
5031:978-0-7440-8192-3
5005:978-0-19-964094-2
4978:978-1-000-64546-0
4951:978-0-425-16995-7
4913:Harper, Douglas.
4899:978-90-04-44521-5
4870:978-90-04-16858-9
4720:978-0-87024-250-2
4667:978-0-19-973215-9
4640:978-1-4081-0160-5
4550:"Bazaar | market"
4428:
4401:
4384:
4364:
4344:
4327:
4299:
4271:
4025:Souk des étoffes,
3868:Jacques Majorelle
3820:Frederic Leighton
3787:Frederic Leighton
3619:in Istanbul. The
3337:
3336:
2637:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
2548:Arabic technology
2543:Arabic psychology
2528:Arabic Golden Age
1295:Islamic Metalwork
1051:Stucco decoration
827:Islamic economics
647:Al-Hamidiyah Souq
447:
411:
7159:
7147:Iranian folklore
7112:Islam portal
7110:
7109:
7108:
7097:
7096:
6731:
6730:
6396:Islamic ornament
6275:South Asian dome
6203:Discharging arch
6184:
6157:
6156:
6001:Anatolian Seljuk
5975:
5968:
5961:
5952:
5951:
5947:
5939:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5896:
5866:
5859:
5853:
5847:
5841:
5834:
5828:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5804:www.wwnorton.com
5796:
5790:
5783:
5777:
5767:
5761:
5754:
5748:
5734:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5706:
5700:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5666:
5660:
5659:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5620:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5586:
5580:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5525:
5519:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5475:
5469:
5460:
5454:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5386:
5371:
5370:
5352:
5335:
5334:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5291:
5282:
5281:
5261:
5255:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5178:
5163:
5162:
5152:
5128:
5115:
5114:
5094:
5083:
5082:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5016:
5010:
5009:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4829:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4742:Britannica Money
4734:
4725:
4724:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4503:. Archived from
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4464:
4443:
4433:
4423:
4421:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4400:romanized:
4399:
4397:
4389:
4379:
4377:
4369:
4359:
4357:
4349:
4343:romanized:
4342:
4340:
4332:
4322:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4294:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4256:
4121:
4118:
4108:
4093:
4078:
4059:
4040:
4021:
4006:
3987:The Grand Bazaar
3983:
3972:Alexandre Defaux
3964:
3941:
3926:
3911:
3900:Edwin Lord Weeks
3888:
3807:Edwin Lord Weeks
3641:
3634:
3628:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3535:
3498:Bazaar of Tabriz
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3459:
3451:
3444:
3406:
3394:
3379:amir-i bazariyan
3371:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3006:Princess Jasmine
2991:Layla and Majnun
2976:Hayy ibn Yaqdhan
2924:She-Camel of God
2919:Shams al-Ma'arif
2729:Hayy ibn Yaqdhan
2595:Sufi metaphysics
2523:Arabic geography
2518:Arabic astronomy
2513:Arabic astrology
2508:Arabic chemistry
2073:Arabic grimoires
2053:
1826:Chaabi (Morocco)
1821:Chaabi (Algeria)
1605:Arab tone system
1424:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1255:Arabic miniature
981:Islamic ornament
854:
831:
830:
726:Mamluk Sultanate
704:
690:
688:
634:
628:
622:
604:
597:
595:'āmil 'alā l-sūq
582:
452:
442:
440:
416:
406:
404:
350:
344:
343:
334:
326:
315:
302:
295:
260:
146:
105:originates from
7167:
7166:
7162:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7137:Islamic culture
7122:
7121:
7120:
7115:
7106:
7104:
7091:
7079:
7023:
7014:Moorish Revival
6992:
6962:
6928:Albarrana tower
6916:
6845:
6832:in modern Iran)
6746:Dar al-Muwaqqit
6718:
6669:(fountain type)
6654:
6648:
6611:
6605:
6596:Reflecting pool
6591:Persian gardens
6586:Paradise garden
6554:
6531:(entrance hall)
6502:
6458:Nagash painting
6380:
6302:
6296:
6247:
6218:Lambrequin arch
6185:
6176:
6148:
6119:Sudano-Sahelian
5984:
5979:
5921:
5908:
5906:
5894:
5874:
5872:Further reading
5869:
5861:Marcilhac, F.,
5860:
5856:
5848:
5844:
5835:
5831:
5826:978-813091264-6
5815:
5811:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5789:Routledge, 2016
5784:
5780:
5768:
5764:
5755:
5751:
5735:
5731:
5723:
5719:
5707:
5703:
5694:
5690:
5683:
5667:
5663:
5648:
5644:
5637:
5621:
5608:
5599:
5597:
5587:
5583:
5563:
5559:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5526:
5522:
5511:
5507:
5498:
5497:
5493:
5484:
5482:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5461:
5457:
5452:
5448:
5437:
5433:
5426:
5412:
5408:
5401:
5387:
5374:
5367:
5353:
5338:
5331:
5317:
5313:
5306:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5262:
5258:
5250:
5246:
5237:
5235:
5225:
5221:
5206:
5202:
5195:
5179:
5166:
5129:
5118:
5111:
5095:
5086:
5070:
5066:
5059:
5051:. I.B. Tauris.
5043:
5039:
5032:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5006:
4990:
4986:
4979:
4963:
4959:
4952:
4936:
4932:
4923:
4921:
4911:
4907:
4900:
4882:
4878:
4871:
4855:
4851:
4844:
4830:
4805:
4796:
4794:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4771:
4769:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4747:
4745:
4736:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4701:
4697:
4687:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4668:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4625:
4621:
4611:
4609:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4587:
4585:
4578:Merriam-Webster
4572:
4571:
4567:
4558:
4556:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4534:
4532:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4510:
4508:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4481:
4479:
4466:
4465:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4414:
4410:
4287:Ottoman Turkish
4257:
4253:
4248:
4140:
4135:
4129:
4122:
4119:
4109:
4100:
4094:
4085:
4079:
4070:
4063:Inside the Souk
4060:
4051:
4041:
4032:
4022:
4013:
4010:The Silk Bazaar
4007:
3998:
3995:Amadeo Preziosi
3984:
3975:
3965:
3956:
3942:
3933:
3927:
3918:
3912:
3903:
3889:
3880:
3864:Olympe Audouard
3852:Oriental Tales,
3836:
3779:
3761:
3728:
3722:
3649:
3647:Temporary souks
3420:Khan el-Khalili
3413:
3333:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3206:Isāf and Nā'ila
3037:
3027:
3026:
3025:
2939:Zarqa al Yamama
2804:Book of Wonders
2773:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2694:Liber de Causis
2600:Sufi philosophy
2564:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2538:Arabic medicine
2502:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2051:
2045:Epic literature
2007:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1900:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1836:Fann at-Tanbura
1655:Kitab al-Aghani
1591:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1439:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1376:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1245:Arabic graffiti
1197:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1088:Albarrana tower
1031:Reflecting pool
1021:Nagash painting
913:
864:
829:
823:
748:
685:
556:
487:
482:
357:
267:
249:
239:purposes (e.g.
186:
181:
43:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7165:
7155:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7117:
7116:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7031:
7029:
7028:Category pages
7025:
7024:
7022:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6974:
6972:
6968:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6924:
6922:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6902:Medina quarter
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6853:
6851:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6737:
6735:
6728:
6724:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6690:
6688:Riwaq (arcade)
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6664:
6658:
6656:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6615:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6576:Islamic garden
6573:
6568:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6399:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6317:
6312:
6306:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6255:
6253:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6223:Multifoil arch
6220:
6215:
6213:Horseshoe arch
6210:
6205:
6200:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6186:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6163:
6161:
6154:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6055:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5978:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5955:
5949:
5948:
5937:"Bazaar"
5934:, ed. (1911).
5932:Chisholm, Hugh
5928:
5920:
5919:External links
5917:
5916:
5915:
5887:
5881:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5854:
5842:
5829:
5816:Kidwai, A.R.,
5809:
5791:
5778:
5762:
5749:
5729:
5717:
5701:
5688:
5681:
5661:
5642:
5635:
5606:
5581:
5557:
5539:
5534:whc.unesco.org
5520:
5505:
5491:
5470:
5464:Medina of Fez,
5455:
5446:
5431:
5424:
5406:
5399:
5372:
5365:
5336:
5329:
5311:
5304:
5283:
5276:
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5219:
5200:
5193:
5164:
5116:
5109:
5084:
5064:
5057:
5037:
5030:
5011:
5004:
4984:
4977:
4957:
4950:
4930:
4905:
4898:
4876:
4869:
4849:
4842:
4803:
4779:
4754:
4726:
4719:
4695:
4673:
4666:
4646:
4639:
4619:
4594:
4565:
4541:
4517:
4488:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4408:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4206:
4200:
4182:
4176:
4173:Medina quarter
4166:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4139:
4136:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4110:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4088:
4086:
4080:
4073:
4071:
4061:
4054:
4052:
4042:
4035:
4033:
4023:
4016:
4014:
4008:
4001:
3999:
3985:
3978:
3976:
3966:
3959:
3957:
3943:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3906:
3904:
3898:, painting by
3890:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3835:
3832:
3826:1853–1907 and
3793:1853-1907 and
3778:
3775:
3766:Charles D'Oyly
3760:
3759:Subject-matter
3757:
3740:East or Orient
3721:
3718:
3648:
3645:
3412:
3409:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
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3220:
3209:
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3163:
3158:
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3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
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3078:
3073:
3068:
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3058:
3053:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2981:Kara Ben Nemsi
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2956:Abdul Alhazred
2953:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2757:
2756:
2754:Fusus al-Hikam
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2627:Al-aql al-faal
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2300:Arabic prosody
2296:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2052:(ryhmed prose)
2047:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1774:Qudud Halabiya
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1724:Andalusi nubah
1721:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1672:Arabic hip hop
1669:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1610:Algerian scale
1607:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Robe of honour
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1488:Tarboush (fez)
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1423:(North Africa)
1418:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1322:Damascus steel
1319:
1314:
1309:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1280:Islamic garden
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1260:Arabic pottery
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1213:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1143:Medina quarter
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1011:Multifoil arch
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
956:Horseshoe arch
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
866:
865:
860:
859:
856:
855:
847:
846:
844:Arabic culture
840:
839:
822:
819:
799:Bazaar complex
791:Ancient Aleppo
787:Al-Madina Souk
747:
744:
730:Ottoman Empire
689: 724–743
680:in Egypt, and
658:Umayyad period
637:Khan al-Mirjan
563:Khan al-Mirjan
555:
554:Islamic period
552:
486:
483:
481:
478:
457:origin of the
356:
353:
348:as-sūq al-ḥurr
266:
263:
248:
245:
241:charity bazaar
209:Middle Persian
185:
182:
180:
177:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7164:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7114:
7113:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7088:
7082:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7026:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6969:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6919:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6887:Hasht-Bihisht
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6761:Jama'at Khana
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6732:
6729:
6725:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6651:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6581:Mughal garden
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6403:
6400:
6397:
6394:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6299:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6183:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6155:
6151:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
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6122:
6120:
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6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
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6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
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6014:
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6009:
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6002:
5999:
5997:
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5923:
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5900:
5893:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5864:
5858:
5852:
5846:
5839:
5836:MacLean, G.,
5833:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5805:
5801:
5795:
5788:
5785:Houston, C.,
5782:
5776:
5772:
5766:
5759:
5753:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5733:
5727:
5721:
5714:
5711:
5708:Houston, C.,
5705:
5698:
5692:
5684:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5665:
5657:
5653:
5646:
5638:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5596:
5592:
5585:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5561:
5553:
5552:www.aa.com.tr
5549:
5543:
5535:
5531:
5524:
5518:
5515:
5509:
5501:
5495:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5465:
5459:
5450:
5442:
5435:
5427:
5425:9789774160776
5421:
5417:
5410:
5402:
5400:9789004161658
5396:
5392:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5368:
5366:9789004161658
5362:
5358:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5332:
5330:9780195309911
5326:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5305:9780195309911
5301:
5297:
5290:
5288:
5279:
5273:
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5260:
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5060:
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5022:
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4895:
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4872:
4866:
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4861:
4853:
4845:
4843:9789004161658
4839:
4835:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4722:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4699:
4683:
4677:
4669:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4650:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4623:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4507:on 2021-04-17
4506:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4454:
4441:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4417:
4412:
4405:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4353:
4348:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4316:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4288:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4260:
4255:
4251:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4229:Shopping mall
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4214:
4211:- a style of
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4134:
4114:
4113:Kashan Bazaar
4107:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4067:Charles Wilda
4064:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4034:
4031:, before 1921
4030:
4026:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3950:
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3940:
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3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3822:(1830–1896),
3821:
3818:(1803–1860),
3817:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3789:(1830–1896),
3788:
3785:(1803–1860),
3784:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3736:European West
3733:
3727:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3688:just outside
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3674:Dhu al-Qi'dah
3671:
3667:
3658:
3653:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3633:
3627:
3626:Mısır Çarşısı
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3575:
3571:
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3554:
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3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3022:
3021:Talia al Ghul
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
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2825:
2822:
2820:
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2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2799:Book of Idols
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
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2772:
2767:
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1421:Arab Maghreb
1419:
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1399:(Mesopotamia)
1395:
1393:
1389:Arab Mashriq
1387:
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1379:
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1352:Pseudo-Arabic
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1285:Islamic glass
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775:Tala'a Kebira
772:
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767:Medina of Fez
763:
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743:
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731:
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719:
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693:Friday mosque
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621:
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615:caravanserais
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536:Sassanid rule
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531:
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466:Mahane Yehuda
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150:caravanserais
147:
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138:Islamic world
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62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
22:
7103:
7090:
7087:Islamic arts
6867:Caravanserai
6861:
6392:
6346:Loudspeakers
6271:Persian dome
6233:Pointed arch
6031:Indo-Islamic
6021:Great Seljuk
5941:
5907:. Retrieved
5902:
5898:
5883:
5877:
5862:
5857:
5850:
5845:
5837:
5832:
5817:
5812:
5803:
5794:
5786:
5781:
5770:
5769:Davies, K.,
5765:
5757:
5752:
5741:
5737:
5732:
5720:
5709:
5704:
5696:
5691:
5671:
5664:
5655:
5645:
5625:
5598:. Retrieved
5595:The National
5594:
5584:
5573:
5566:The National
5565:
5560:
5551:
5542:
5533:
5523:
5513:
5508:
5502:(in Arabic).
5494:
5483:. Retrieved
5473:
5463:
5458:
5449:
5440:
5434:
5415:
5409:
5390:
5356:
5320:
5314:
5295:
5266:
5259:
5251:
5247:
5236:. Retrieved
5232:
5222:
5213:
5203:
5183:
5143:(1): 10–19.
5140:
5136:
5099:
5079:
5074:
5067:
5047:
5040:
5024:. DK. 2022.
5020:
5014:
4994:
4987:
4967:
4960:
4940:
4933:
4922:. Retrieved
4918:
4908:
4889:
4879:
4859:
4852:
4833:
4795:. Retrieved
4791:
4782:
4770:. Retrieved
4766:
4757:
4746:. Retrieved
4744:. 2024-04-06
4741:
4709:
4698:
4686:. Retrieved
4676:
4656:
4649:
4630:Word Origins
4629:
4622:
4610:. Retrieved
4606:
4597:
4586:. Retrieved
4577:
4568:
4557:. Retrieved
4553:
4544:
4533:. Retrieved
4529:
4520:
4509:. Retrieved
4505:the original
4500:
4491:
4480:. Retrieved
4471:
4439:
4435:
4411:
4254:
4218:
4179:Meena Bazaar
4169:Landa bazaar
4162:
4153:
4096:
4081:
4062:
4050:Vol. 1, 1878
4047:
4043:
4024:
4009:
3986:
3967:
3944:
3929:
3914:
3891:
3871:
3859:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3811:
3780:
3769:
3762:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3714:
3694:
3662:
3636:
3621:Spice Bazaar
3604:
3590:
3579:
3573:
3538:Grand Bazaar
3529:
3516:
3505:
3502:
3463:caravanserai
3454:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3396:
3378:
3374:
3365:
3361:
3357:trade unions
3345:
3338:
3268:Dhul Khalasa
3211:
3210:
3040:
3035:Spirituality
3011:Ra's al Ghul
2986:King Marsile
2944:
2943:
2869:Magic carpet
2758:
2687:
2686:
2620:
2619:
2456:Saudi Arabia
2372:
2371:
2298:
2297:
2223:
2222:
2176:
2175:
2147:
2146:
2108:
2107:
2038:
2037:
2010:
1885:
1811:Algerian Raï
1799:
1798:
1712:
1711:
1660:
1659:
1640:Quarter tone
1600:Arabic maqam
1594:
1498:
1497:
1442:
1361:
1337:Hedwig glass
1300:
1299:
1233:
1232:
1200:
1182:
1103:Caravanserai
1097:
1081:
1080:
914:
912:
867:
862:Architecture
764:
760:
756:Fes, Morocco
746:21st century
737:
723:
697:
655:
608:
572:
548:
544:caravanserai
541:
534:
523:
504:
488:
461:
430:
426:
420:
394:
386:
385:, a popular
360:
358:
329:
321:
305:
290:
280:
250:
230:
226:*wahā-čarana
225:
218:
211:
204:
199:
162:
154:
131:
122:
102:
100:
92:North Africa
88:Central Asia
71:
67:
65:
53:Grand Bazaar
44:
6714:Windcatcher
6695:(courtyard)
6448:Mosque lamp
6428:Girih tiles
6385:Decorations
6263:Arabic dome
5481:. Esyria.sy
4224:Marketplace
4185:Pasar malam
4159:Haat bazaar
4120: 1800
4065:, Cairo by
3955:novel, 1893
3953:Jules Verne
3949:Léon Benett
3753:Orientalism
3726:Orientalism
3547:Kapalıçarşı
2971:Battal Gazi
2156:Anthologies
1956:Raqs Sharqi
1911:Belly dance
1754:Iraqi maqam
1682:Arabic jazz
1677:Arabic rock
1530:Fouta towel
1332:Girih tiles
1250:Arab carpet
1221:Fatimid art
1216:Islamic art
1071:Windcatcher
936:Arabic dome
492:Mesopotamia
425:, the term
369:Petit Socco
365:Grand Socco
342:السوق الحرّ
338:free market
216:Old Persian
202:New Persian
179:Terminology
169:South Asian
125:comes from
80:Middle East
7126:Categories
6997:Influences
6912:Well house
6683:Mashrabiya
6331:Hussainiya
6267:Onion dome
6058:Indonesian
6046:Qutb Shahi
5905:(9): 18–24
5600:2023-07-03
5574:Arab News,
5485:2013-10-05
5238:2023-06-15
4924:2024-05-25
4797:2024-05-25
4748:2024-05-25
4588:2021-10-13
4559:2021-10-13
4535:2021-10-13
4511:2021-10-13
4482:2021-10-13
4450:References
4203:Pasar pagi
3968:The Bazaar
3682:Al-Nabigha
3586:qayṣariyya
3562:, and the
3442:qayṣariyya
3432:city walls
3341:bargaining
3243:Dhat-Badan
3171:Theandrios
3151:Baalshamin
3146:Atarsamain
3001:Palamedes
2744:Muqaddimah
2704:Al-isharat
2610:Avicennism
2562:Philosophy
2431:Mauritania
2240:Muwashshah
2205:Khamriyyah
2005:Literature
1951:Ouled Nail
1764:Muwashshah
1667:Arabic pop
1226:Mamluk art
1173:Well house
1108:Bimaristan
996:Mashrabiya
825:See also:
813:Bazaar in
714:Old Bazaar
702:shahristān
662:Mu'awiya I
500:Achaemenid
355:Variations
247:Variations
237:charitable
192:Bazaar in
165:West Asian
96:South Asia
36:Shuk, Iran
21:GNU Bazaar
6971:Resources
6734:Religious
6704:Shabestan
6662:Hypostyle
6644:Shadirvan
6413:Arabesque
6336:Imamzadeh
6301:Religious
6281:Semi-dome
6228:Ogee arch
6197:Chahartaq
6160:Materials
6087:Almoravid
6062:Malaysian
5909:6 January
5713:Routledge
5393:. Brill.
5359:. Brill.
5159:2095-2635
4836:. Brill.
4425:romanized
4381:romanized
4361:romanized
4324:romanized
4296:romanized
4268:romanized
4209:Shōtengai
4197:Singapore
4193:Indonesia
4027:Tunis by
3710:Marrakech
3686:Al Mirbid
3678:Al-Khansa
3568:(Turkish
3385:. In the
3349:gold souk
3086:Al-Kutbay
2914:Shadhavar
2879:Mount Qaf
2854:Karkadann
2771:Mythology
2657:Asabiyyah
2615:Averroism
2446:Palestine
2368:Mutadārik
2365:Mutaqārib
2356:Mujtathth
2208:Tardiyyah
2028:Classical
1971:Schikhatt
1936:Khaleegy
1713:Art music
1540:Jellabiya
1453:Battoulah
1307:Arabesque
1301:Features
1163:Shadirvan
966:Hypostyle
931:Arabesque
915:Features
883:Nabataean
811:Kemeraltı
807:Lar, Iran
785:in 1981.
526:Herodotus
515:conquests
470:Jerusalem
444:romanized
408:romanized
391:Jerusalem
310:the term
119:craftsmen
111:merchants
101:The term
32:Suq, Iran
7085:Part of
6921:Military
6857:Baradari
6850:Civilian
6673:Jharokha
6634:Mechouar
6571:Charbagh
6514:Andaruni
6488:Socarrat
6453:Muqarnas
6351:Maqsurah
6243:Vaulting
6172:Tadelakt
6153:Elements
6102:Zayyanid
6082:Aghlabid
5512:UNESCO,
5462:UNESCO,
4788:"Bazaar"
4763:"bazaar"
4738:"bazaar"
4688:11 March
4682:"Bazaar"
4612:29 March
4582:Archived
4497:"bazaar"
4476:Archived
4468:"bazaar"
4213:Japanese
4189:Malaysia
4138:See also
4115:, Iran,
3991:Istanbul
3746:and the
3738:and the
3593:bedesten
3580:bedesten
3578:Ottoman
3553:bedesten
3542:Istanbul
3449:bedesten
3392:muḥtasib
3375:kedkhoda
3369:muḥtasib
3201:Yarhibol
3181:Malakbel
3051:Al-‘Uzzá
2961:Ali Baba
2934:Zulfiqar
2621:Concepts
2605:Farabism
2396:Djibouti
2353:Muqtaḍab
2347:Munsariħ
2290:Ghinnawa
2265:Riddles
2250:Mathnawi
2012:Language
1966:Shamadan
1931:Hagallah
1784:Tahmilah
1565:Takchita
1525:Durra'ah
1520:Djellaba
1499:Clothing
1473:Madhalla
1463:Keffiyeh
1443:Headwear
1397:Mashriq
1391:(Levant)
1347:Muqarnas
1066:Voussoir
1061:Vaulting
1056:Tadelakt
1046:Socarrat
1016:Muqarnas
836:a series
834:Part of
720:, Kosovo
718:Pristina
682:Kairouan
651:Damascus
602:muḥtasib
575:Muhammad
511:Seleucid
395:the Shuk
373:Tangiers
318:economic
287:Akkadian
277:, Jordan
273:Souk in
194:Sanandaj
157:oriental
144:muḥtasib
57:Istanbul
40:Souq.com
7132:Bazaars
7019:Mudéjar
6983:ArchNet
6933:Alcázar
6806:Musalla
6791:Maqbara
6781:Madrasa
6771:Külliye
6766:Khanqah
6756:Gongbei
6655:cooling
6653:Passive
6619:Chhatri
6612:objects
6610:Outdoor
6559:Gardens
6535:Mirador
6473:Shabaka
6463:Qashani
6418:Banna'i
6361:Minaret
6303:objects
6293:(eaves)
6291:Chhajja
6238:Squinch
6139:Umayyad
6134:Timurid
6124:Swahili
6109:Ottoman
6092:Almohad
6077:Moorish
6067:Iranian
6036:Bengali
6016:Fatimid
6011:Chinese
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5996:Abbasid
4427::
4392:Kurdish
4383::
4363::
4352:Bengali
4335:Punjabi
4326::
4298::
4270::
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4149:Bazaari
3894:Moorish
3732:Orient.
3706:Baghdad
3659:, Yemen
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3576:). The
3570:cognate
3519:of the
3480:samsara
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3387:Maghreb
3293:Yaghūth
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3218:Almaqah
3186:Orotalt
3141:Al-Qaum
3136:Aglibol
3071:Chaabou
3066:Dushara
3016:Sindbad
2996:Othello
2951:Aladdin
2909:Shaddad
2789:Bahamut
2500:Science
2476:Tunisia
2461:Somalia
2436:Morocco
2421:Lebanon
2391:Comoros
2386:Bahrain
2381:Algeria
2359:Muḍāriʿ
2294:Humayni
2218:Hamasah
2110:Islamic
2093:Tezkire
2088:Tabaqat
1981:Tanoura
1921:Deheyeh
1816:Bedouin
1769:Qasidah
1729:Bashraf
1702:Khaliji
1697:Al Jeel
1550:Macawis
1515:Burnous
1483:Tantour
1478:Taqiyah
1415:(Sudan)
1413:Mawset
1407:(Egypt)
1405:Mawset
1381:Khalij
1374:Cuisine
1317:Banna'i
1123:Madrasa
1093:Alcázar
946:Gardens
941:Banna'i
903:Moorish
898:Fatimid
893:Abbasid
888:Umayyad
873:Islamic
771:Morocco
724:In the
567:Baghdad
480:History
455:Aramaic
446::
410::
283:Aramaic
253:Turkish
221:, from
214:, from
207:, from
115:bankers
107:Persian
84:Balkans
6943:Kasbah
6892:Kasbah
6882:Hammam
6877:Ghorfa
6862:Bazaar
6841:Zawiya
6830:takyeh
6801:Mosque
6751:Dargah
6678:Kucheh
6624:Eidgah
6550:Zenana
6498:Zellij
6483:Sitara
6478:Shamsa
6366:Minbar
6356:Mihrab
6341:Kiswah
6326:Gonbad
6190:Arches
6144:Yemeni
6114:Somali
6097:Hafsid
6072:Mamluk
6051:Mughal
6041:Deccan
5989:Styles
5824:
5744:2012,
5715:, 2016
5679:
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4339:ਬਜ਼ਾਰ।
4319:बाज़ार
4279:Arabic
4234:Arcade
4069:, 1892
3974:, 1856
3951:for a
3902:, 1873
3896:Bazaar
3748:other.
3613:Edirne
3605:Arasta
3600:arasta
3559:arasta
3556:, the
3536:. The
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3517:arasta
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3101:Azizos
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2416:Kuwait
2411:Jordan
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2340:Rajaz
2285:Nabati
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2270:Kharja
2260:Nasīb
2255:Ruba'i
2245:Urjūza
2235:Qasida
2230:Diwan
2211:Khawal
2201:Ghazal
2191:Rithā'
2177:Genres
2149:Poetry
2142:Aqidah
2127:Hadith
2122:Tafsir
2058:Maqama
2033:Modern
1986:Yowlah
1976:Tahtib
1946:Mizmar
1926:Guedra
1876:Shaabi
1861:Mezwed
1856:Mawwal
1841:Fijiri
1806:Ataaba
1794:Waslah
1789:Taqsim
1779:Sama'i
1759:Mawwal
1749:Malhun
1744:Layali
1661:Genres
1635:Teslim
1620:Taqsim
1595:Theory
1560:Sirwal
1545:Kaftan
1493:Turban
1468:Litham
1357:Zellij
1342:Kiswah
1327:Damask
1201:Styles
1178:Zawiya
1168:Tekyeh
1138:Mosque
1118:Kasbah
1113:Hammam
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1006:Mosaic
908:Mamluk
878:Yemeni
868:Styles
803:Tabriz
797:. The
678:Fustat
632:wakāla
620:funduq
589:Hijrah
585:Medina
474:halvah
459:Arabic
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414:ha-Šūq
399:Hebrew
313:al-sūq
196:, Iran
184:Bazaar
127:Arabic
103:bazaar
82:, the
76:stalls
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6958:Ribat
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6897:Mahal
6836:Türbe
6826:Takya
6821:Surau
6816:Rauza
6811:Qubba
6796:Mazar
6786:Maqam
6727:Types
6639:Sebil
6529:Liwan
6519:Harem
6507:Rooms
6423:Girih
6408:Alfiz
6402:Ablaq
6376:Zarih
6371:Qibla
6320:Dikka
6315:Bedug
6310:Anaza
6286:Tajug
6252:Roofs
6167:Qadad
6129:Tatar
6026:Hausa
5895:(PDF)
4404:bazar
4396:بازاڕ
4387:bazār
4376:بازار
4367:bājār
4356:বাজার
4330:bāzār
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4311:bozor
4307:Uzbek
4302:pazar
4291:پازار
4283:بازار
4274:bâzâr
4263:بازار
4246:Notes
3993:, by
3970:, by
3702:Ghazl
3698:Amman
3690:Basra
3670:Ta’if
3666:Mecca
3657:Sanaa
3533:çarşı
3483:, or
3453:, or
3424:Cairo
3404:hakim
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3298:Yatha
3288:Ya'uq
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3131:Abgal
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3111:Quzah
3106:Bajir
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2874:Marid
2839:Ifrit
2834:Houri
2824:Ghoul
2819:Falak
2809:Buraq
2688:Texts
2677:Qadar
2667:Irfan
2647:Peace
2642:Dhati
2590:Kalam
2486:Yemen
2471:Syria
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2451:Qatar
2426:Libya
2401:Egypt
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2275:Zajal
2224:Forms
2214:Fakhr
2182:Madih
2161:Poets
2117:Quran
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2039:Prose
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1961:Samri
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6566:Bagh
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6443:Jali
6259:Dome
5911:2013
5822:ISBN
5677:ISBN
5631:ISBN
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5395:ISBN
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5325:ISBN
5300:ISBN
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5189:ISBN
5155:ISSN
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5000:ISBN
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4774:2024
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626:khān
506:stoa
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