805:. It is the first official map of Argentina showing in the area of the Beagle Channel a different frontier from the one established in the Boundary Treaty with Chile of 1881. As may be seen from the map, the boundary line deviates from the Beagle Channel towards Picton and Richmond Passages to end up between Lennox and Nueva Islands. In that way Picton and Nueva Islands appear as Argentine and Lennox Island as Chilean. The islands and islets extending southward as far as Cape Horn continue to be shown as under Chilean sovereignty. It should be recalled that there was no question concerning the territories to the south of the Magellan Strait in the British Arbitration of 1898–1902. Thus neither Chile nor Argentina made any specific reference to the boundary shown on the Argentine map reproduced here.
330:
404:. The Atlas was "constructed and published" by the institute "under the auspices of the National Government". Plate XXVII of the Atlas, reproduced here, was headed "Gobernacion de la Tierra del Fuego Y Las Islas Malvinas" ("Governorship of Tierra del Fuego and the Malvinas Islands") and were drawn up in 1885 and published the following year. As may be observed, the map shows the boundary line running through the centre of the Beagle Channel, indicating Picton, Nueva and Lennox Islands an all the other islands and islets extending southwards as far as Cape Horn as being under Chilean sovereignty.
493:
235:
247:
271:
744:
perpendicular, crossed the
Channel, and proceeded southward through the Murray Sound and past the Wollaston group, could not possibly represent the division contemplated by the Treaty; (ii) this map, thereby, and equally by colouring, showed, not only the PNL group, but also Navarino Island and the Hermite group, as Argentine. But these localities were "to the south of the Beagle Channel" according to any possible interpretation of that phrase in the Chilean attribution under the Islands clause of the Treaty.
1000:
503:
259:
1189:
984:
1593:«Noch während der Amtszeit Irigoyens, der unter den Präsidenten Avellaneda und Roca den Vertrag von 1881 ausgehandelt hatte, interpretierten ganz augenscheinlich Argentinien wie Chile die für die Beagle-Region einschlägigen Bestimmungen übereinstimmend dahingehend, daß PNL unter die Klausel "südlich des Kanals" fielen, demnach chilenisches Territorium seien. Bestätigt wird dies durch die zeitgenössische Kartographie, gleichgültig, ob argentinischer, chilenischer oder sonstiger Herkunft»
950:. After the British Arbitral Award of 1902 and during the course of the work marking out the frontier line indicated therein, Holdich visited the Beagle Channel zone which was not included in the arbitration. In the Beagle Channel region the map marks the international boundary as passing through the latter up to beyond its eastern mouth. Picton, Nueva and Lennox Islands and all the other islands extending southwards as far as Cape Horn are shown as under Chilean sovereignty.
307:
413:
791:
1025:
637:
366:
1196:
664:, "a fanciful line unrelated to the Treaty basis of division" as stated by the Court of Arbitration. In 1891, the Argentine Government created an "International Boundaries Office" at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in 1893 issued other decree providing that works on national geography already published should not be considered as officially approved unless accompanied by a statement from the Department of Foreign Affairs.
936:
1133:
386:
1398:, p. 66: "Como la palabra bahía carece de una significación absolutamente precisa y en este caso corresponde mejor la designación de canal por la configuración del lugar, aunque reconocemos por nuestra parte que no fué indispensable" Rafael Santibañez Escobar cited from an article on 25. April 1904 in the newspaper "La Prensa" of Buenos Aires and from an article in May 1904 in the Magazine "Boletín del Centro Naval".
321:, Argentine Minister of Foreign Affairs who negotiated and signed the Boundary Treaty. The original is located in the official British Archives. The British Minister sent it to his Government with the comment that the dark shaded area "comprising the Strait of Magellan, half of Tierra del Fuego and all the southern islands, represent was actually has been ceded to Chile by the recent Treaty." (under Irigoyen map)
1233:
456:) published in Buenos Aires in 1888, editorial Lajouane, by Francisco Latzina, National Director of the Argentine Statistics Institute and member of numerous scientific societies. "This work obtained the 'Rivadavia Award' of the 'Argentine Geographic Institute' and a large number of copies of it were ordered by the Argentine authorities for distribution in Europe and elsewhere." The jury was conformed by
444:
578:
Republic, and to Chile the islands that exist to the south of the Beagle
Channel, up to Cape Horn and those that lie to the west of Tierra del Fuego; and since the islands of Navarino, Wollaston, La Hermita, Merschel, Lennox, Picton, Isla Nueva, with other smaller ones, and part of Hoste, are to the E. of the meridian that serves as the limit, it is clear that all these islands are Argentine.
722:
569:
de dicha línea, y á Chile las Islas que existen al S. del Canal de Beagle, hasta el Cabo de Hornos y las que hayan al
Occidente de la Tierra del Fuego; y como las Islas de Navarino, Wollaston, La Hermita, Merschel, Lennox, Picton, Isla Nueva, con otras menores, y parte de la de Hoste, están al E. del meridiano que sirve de límite, es claro que todas esas islas son Argentinas.
337:
had previously been
Minister of Foreign Affairs in which capacity he signed the Boundary Treaty of 1881) for inclusion in an official publication issued by the Director of the National Statistics Office, Dr. Francisco Latzina, in 1883 under the title "The Argentine Republic as a field for European Immigration" (under Latzina map of 1882). This was published in
1060:, in other words more than one degree longitude west of Cape Horn, thus contradicting the (1978) Argentine thesis concerning the ocean toponymy in the region of the extreme south of America, that the Cape Horn was the border between the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. The reason could be that in 1938 the Argentine delegation to the
1639:«Resumé:Es existierten verschiedene argentinische Karten, die die Rechtauffassung Chiles widerspiegelten, v.a. in der Zeit unmittelbar nach dem Abschluß des Grenzvertrages von 1881. Das chilenische Kartenmaterial war dagegen stets einheitlich geblieben, und hat nur die chilenische Auffassung wiedergegeben.»
1495:
En principio, Videla se inclinaba a acatarlo, de acuerdo a la larga tradición jurídica argentina. Pero la irresponsable actitud de la prensa nacional, pésimamente mal asesorada por los "expertos" de la
Academia Nacional de la Historia, redujo totalmente el margen de maniobra del gobierno y lo forzó a
1038:
The international boundary shown in the Beagle
Channel zone corresponds to the Argentine claim in the area which the arbitral decision of 18 April 1977 put a definitive end. Nueva Island is not shown on the map, and Picton and Lennox Islands are partially shown, coloured as belonging to the Argentine
1457:
La geopolítica clásica de fines del siglo XIX, las metáforas biológicas más crudas del determinismo geográfico, la mentalidad militarista, los principios de la DSN y el nacionalismo corporativo se van a hacer notar en forma velada, sutil o bien en lenguaje llano en las manifestaciones, declaraciones
577:
In Tierra del Fuego, a line that starts at Cabo de Espíritu Santo, on the lat, 52° 40', which extends to the S., coinciding with the
Meridian of 68° 34' until it touches Beagle Channel, serves as the limit; and all the islands and territories that lie to the east of said line belong to the Argentine
568:
En la Tierra del Fuego sirve de límite una línea que parte del Cabo de Espíritu Santo, en la lat, 52° 40', la que se prolonga hacia el S., coincidiendo con el
Meridiano de los 68° 34' hasta tocar en el Canal Beagle; y pertenecen á la República Argentina todas las Islas y territorios que quedan al E.
372:
This official map of Chile, partially reproduced here, "was drawn up on the orders of the
Chilean Government for use in primary schools in the Republic and with a view to the most recent data" by Alejandro Bertrand in 1884. The author, an engineer, was member of the Boundary Commissions charged with
780:
was published 1888 and presented to the Court by
Argentina as the first official Argentine map that represented the border line according to the 1881 Treaty. There were several slight different versions of this map, by some ones the border line runs over the north shore of the channel and by others
646:
In the southern region the international boundary is shown traced through the centre of the Beagle channel, continuing beyond the eastern mouth of the Channel, indicating Picton, Nueva and Lennox Islands and all other islands and islets extending southward as far as Cape Horn as being under Chilean
336:
This map reproduced here is regarded by Chile as first official Argentine map after the Boundary Treaty of 1881, though its official character was subsequently denied by the Argentine Government. It was ordered to be drawn up by the then Argentine Minister of the Interior, Bernardo de Irigoyen (who
177:
Finally, the Court wishes to stress again that its conclusion to the effect that the group is Chilean according to the 1881 Treaty has been reached on the basis of its interpretation of the Treaty, especially as set forth in paragraphs 55–111 above, and independently of the cartography of the case
1240:
The contrast could hardly be starker between the multiple Argentine views and the sole Chilean view of the 1881 Boundary Treaty. The interpretation of the 1881 Boundary Treaty seems to have challenged to the limit the fantasy and intelligence of the Argentine cartography as of 1888, for they found
771:
This versions were published between 1887 and 1890: altogether we know 4 different interpretations of Paz Soldán of the 1881 Treaty, see section "Two maps of Argentina, Mariano Paz Soldán, 1888", (above), and two here (left). Such turnaround lead the tribunal to the conclusion: "Two volte-faces of
990:
This reproduction of the "Map of the division of the Argentine territory into Military regions 1905" was included in the Military Bulletin of the Argentine Ministry of War, Year IV, vol. I, 1 May 1905, No. 140. The Argentine military regions are distinguished by different colours, all territories
483:
In the extreme southern region, the international boundary is traced along the centre of the Beagle Channel and stretches to the south of the Isla de los Estados. Here it shows Picton, Nueva and Lennox Islands and all other islands and islets extending southward as far as Cape Horn as being under
743:
Footnote 102 This in two respects: (i) since under the first part of Article III of the Treaty, the perpendicular in the Isla Grande of Tierra del Fuego, from Cape Espíritu Santo to the Beagle Channel, was deliberately stopped there, a map showing a line of division which, by prolonging the
1407:
The 1984 Treaty says about the maritime border: Artículo 7°. El límite entre las respectivas soberanías sobre el mar, suelo y subsuelo de la República Argentina y de la República de Chile en el Mar de la Zona Austral a partir del término de la delimitación existente en el Canal
761:: The footnote 102 regards to this map. It was refused with the argument: "a completely fanciful line division that could have no possible warrant under the 1881 Treaty". The map was corrected by the same Bureau on its map of the next year and the corrected map is linked
814:
917:
434:
As may be observed, the international boundary is traced along the centre of the Beagle Channel, showing Picton, Nueva and Lennox and all the other islands and islets extending southwards as far as Cape Horn as being under Chilean sovereignty.
655:
In the course of time became noticeable in Argentina a position that worked continuously towards a new interpretation of the Boundary Treaty. For example, in 1885 appeared a map of Mariano Paz Soldán that continued the perpendicular in the
781:
on the south shore of the channel. The Court refused this maps with following words: "This result , even if not absolutely underivable from any possible interpretation of the Treaty, is so eccentric that it can hardly be taken seriously".
736:(by the Argentine Embassy) published maps. The maps are not disponible for now, but the court gave to every refuse a briefly map description (see text on the maps) that allowed us to rebuild the border line as showed at the left side.
772:
this kind within one five-year period – for which no explanation seems to have been offered – must throw doubt on the credibility of the whole series of Paz Soldán based maps. It also raises the question of the reason for it".
863:), located at the shore of the Tierra del Fuego, opposite to the Picton island, to a (new) Moat channel. The new channel reached from Punta Navarro to Cabo San Pío. Consequently, the Picton, Nueva and Lennox islands became
161:
exhibited in this page it is possible to appreciate the lacking knowledge of the geography by navigators and explorers of the zone and also the statesmen who had to decide on the borders. Nevertheless, when the
419:
General Map of the Argentine Republic and neighbouring countries, 1886. The map shown here states that it was "made according to the latest official data" and "in the light of the latest plans and sketches" by
1106:, the principles of the Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional and the corporative nationalism can be noted, concealed, subtly or in plain language in the manifests, conferences and statements of the geographers
1276:. A series of documents prove that the purpose of the subscriber of the 1881 Treaty as well the Argentine political class and the Argentine governments from 1881 to 1902 was to grant the islands to Chile.
897:
The word "Bay" hasn't a precise signification and the configuration of the region inclines the meaning to a channel, so it is a logical modification. But we recognize that it wasn't absolutely necessary
1273:
Una serie de documentos prueban que la intención tanto de los firmantes del tratado de 1881 como de la clase política y los gobiernos argentinos entre 1881 y 1902 fue la de otorgar dichas islas a Chile
1152:
The book justifies, as they say, the Argentine claim over the islands. Not only Picton, Nueva, Lennox and all islands east from Cape Horn meridian are Argentine Territories but also the east side of
313:
Partial reproduction of the first Argentine map showing the boundaries laid down in the Boundary Treaty of 23 July 1881, appeared in "La Ilustracion Argentina" issue of 10 November 1881 in
817:
Argentine map of 1984 showing the nomenclature "Canal Moat" to illustrate the Argentine thesis. Here the Beagle channel ends at the "Punta Navarro" and has no access to the Atlantic Ocean.
1764:
924:
210:
95:
178:
which has been taken account of only for purposes of confirmation or corroboration. The same applies in respect of the particular maps discussed in, and from, paragraph 119 onwards.
1735:, archived from the original, Santiago de Chile, 2 September 2005. Interviews with contemporary witnesses like Ernesto Videla, Jaime Del Valle, Helmut Brunner, Marcelo Delpech und
295:
All Chilean maps have shown always the islands as Chilean territories, like the map of engineer Alejandro Bertrand showed here. This border line is today valid for both countries.
1802:
234:
77:
687:. In the work of which this map was a part, the version there given of the article III of the 1881 Treaty (Argentine attribution in the Islands clause), was seriously incorrect:
373:
marking out the Chilean-Argentine Frontier. At the time the map was approved by the Chilean Hydrographic Office. On the map all the islands south of the Beagle Channel as far as
1851:
1176:
issued in 1983 Cape Horn island was labeled as Argentinian, and the islands of Picton, Lennox and Nueva at the eastern entrance to the Beagle Channel are shaded like Argentina.
1236:
Different Argentine Interpretations of the 1881 Boundary Treaty. The red line of "La Ilustración Argentina", chronological the first one and the Chilean one, is currently valid
1249:
There can be no doubt that in the immediate post-Treaty period, that is to say from 1881 to at least 1887/88, Argentine cartography in general showed the PNL group as Chilean;
1843:
89:
1519:
270:
755:: This version prolonged the perpendicular to the Antarctic and was discarded: "this map, equally, showed a fanciful line unrelated to the Treaty basis of division".
258:
1088:
Argentine geography sustained the possession of the islands as a "vital issue" and called on to a "march to the south" in order to follow some kind of Argentine
424:, Argentine expert on the Commission for marking out the frontier with Chile, and by Lieutenant-Colonel José Olascoaga, Head of the Military Typographic Office.
246:
1757:
1013:
298:
There were some few dissentient (Argentine) maps in this period, but the Court declared it untrustworthy because of its "excentric" borderline. (see below).
154:. The cold weather, the long distances from other inhabited regions, and the shortage of transport and subsistence, kept it far from the governmental task.
1508:
Rojas, Isaac F. and Medrano, Arturo L., "Argentina en el Atlántico Chile en el Pacífico", 2° Edición, 1979, Editora Nemont, 1978, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
477:
287:
206:
163:
38:
885:
in p. 246). Chile, the immediate neighbour was not informed and was advised of the new names only 1904 through new charts of the zone edited by the US.
1111:
Geografía, guerra y nacionalismo. La Sociedad Argentina de Estudios Geográficos (GAEA) en las encrucijadas patrióticas del gobierno militar, 1976–1983.
625:
1434:
Geografía, guerra y nacionalismo. La Sociedad Argentina de Estudios Geográficos (GAEA) en las encrucijadas patrióticas del gobierno militar, 1976–1983
1750:
1546:
867:, because the treaty of 1881 at this zone does not mention other islands than "south of the Beagle channel". The toponymy was disclosed to the
1728:
1032:
357:
in an edition of 120.000 copies. On the official map all the islands located south of the Beagle Channel are shown under Chilean Sovereignty.
1984:
833:(predecessor of Instituto Geográfico Militar) about a change of course of the Beagle channel. He alleged that the channel did not reach the
1669:
1465:
1035:, 1967 edition. Only the borderline and the oceanic Toponymy are copied from the copyrighted original. A similar map was issued in 1948.
1039:
Republic. Nevertheless, all the other islands and islets extending southward as far as Cape Horn figure as under Chilean sovereignty.
1879:
1061:
991:
located south of the Beagle Channel as far as Cape Horn have been omitted and thus understood to be under Chilean sovereignty.
83:
1525:
1809:
972:
1077:
1989:
1795:
1438:
1289:
589:
shows the Islands Picton and Nueva as under Argentine and the island Lennox as under Chilean sovereignty. In contrast, the
1690:
967:
725:
Argentine views of the 1881 Boundary Treaty, Maps drawn according to «Report and Decision of the Court of Arbitration», [
121:
1561:
962:
397:
1714:
1634:
1613:
1432:
876:
547:
535:
1665:
1394:"Los derechos de Chile en el Beagle" by Rafael Santibañez Escobar, Editorial Andrés Bello, 1969, Santiago de Chile,
1627:
Der argentinisch-chilenische Konflikt um den Beagle-Kanal. Ein Beitrag zu den Methoden friedlicher Streiterledigung
1382:"Los derechos de Chile en el Beagle" by Rafael Santibañez Escobar, Editorial Andrés Bello, 1969, Santiago de Chile
1351:
1475:
1212:, together with the Argentine Antarctic Claim and the Falkland Islands as part of Argentina. Most of the Chilean
693:...appartiendront à la République Argentine : l'île de los Estados, les îlots qui l'entourent et les autres
643:
The map partially reproduced here was drawn up in Buenos Aires in 1889 by J. Duclout and published by E. Nolte.
1736:
1127:
292:
From 1881 to 1888 show almost all Argentine maps the Picton, Lennox and Nueva islands as Chilean Territories.
1606:
Beagle-Konflikt und Falkland (Malwinen)-Krieg. Zur Außenpolitik der Argentinischen Militarregierung 1976–1983
684:
598:
This and other turnarounds (see below) of Paz Soldáns Interpretation of the 1881 Boundary Treaty caused the
240:
French map 1862: Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego are Res nullius, although Patagonia is claimed by Argentina.
1920:
994:
853:
about the change of the Beagle and therefore the institut published 1901 new charts of the zone with a new
514:
675:
317:. The copy reproduced here is one handed to the British Minister Plenipontentiary in Buenos Aires by Dr.
396:
of the Argentine Republic. The task was put in the hands of the well known Professor of the (Argentine)
1979:
842:
599:
469:
377:
are shown as being under Chilean sovereignty. All Chilean maps have shown this border line since 1881.
170:
65:
1867:
1139:
This image shows a facsimile of the map appeared in the cover of the book compiled by of Admiral (R)
841:
flows to the south through the Navarino and Picton islands. 1899 ordered the Argentine navy the ship
713:...to the Argentine Republic shall belong Staten Island, the small islands next to it, and the other
701:...to the Argentine Republic shall belong Staten Island, the islets that surround it, and the other
1969:
1149:". It is approved by the Argentine Ministry of Education for teaching in schools and high schools.
872:
43:
1065:
1859:
1835:
1143:, former vice-president of Argentina and former Chief of the Argentine Navy, and Arturo Medrano "
1081:
1019:
801:
which was included as No. XIV in the Argentine Evidence submitted by the Argentine Government to
114:
1928:
1479:
1099:
732:
By the review of the cartography, the tribunal refused the validity of 3 in Argentina and 1 in
1944:
329:
281:
71:
1779:
1121:
276:
Argentine map 1875: Chilean West-Patagonia, Argentine East-Patagagonia and Tierra del Fuego.
213:
as own territories, the US and the European powers considered the land and islands often as
1974:
1896:
1788:
1742:
1128:
Book of Admiral Isaac Francisco Rojas approved by the Argentine Ministry of Education, 1979
1098:
Classical geopolitics of the late nineteenth century, the crudest biological metaphors of
762:
739:
In order to decide the validity of a map the court used following criterion for exclusion:
559:
465:
318:
166:
was signed, in the Beagle Channel zone at least the main islands and waterways were known.
1280:
The same opinion shares the authors Karl Hernekamp, Annegret I. Haffa and Andrea Wagner.
8:
846:
785:
492:
457:
428:
407:
264:
US map 1872: Chilean West-Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. East-Patagonia is Res nulllius.
252:
US map 1835: Chilean West-Patagonia. East-Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego are Res nullius.
1653:
Beagle Channel Arbitration between the Republic of Argentina and the Republic of Chile,
1332:
Beagle Channel Arbitration between the Republic of Argentina and the Republic of Chile,
1016:. In the map Picton and Nueva appear under Argentine, Lennox under Chilean sovereignty.
880:
450:
This map, reproduced here, is included in the book Geography of the Argentine Republic (
1471:
1217:
1205:
614:
522:
222:
107:
946:'s work "The Countries of the King's Award" written immediately after his work on the
525:(1879-1883) between Peru and Chile, drew 1888, amongst others, two maps of Argentina:
461:
1912:
1710:
1630:
1609:
1540:
1213:
1117:
1053:
930:
886:
1654:
1352:"El canal de Beagle se transforma en una nueva cuestión de litigio a partir de 1904"
1333:
1124:
became through the works of the geographic topics of popular interests and opinion.
726:
1221:
1090:
657:
473:
421:
354:
342:
338:
202:
1661:
1260:
947:
916:
map of the Beagle Channel used the Argentine toponyme "Moat Channel" in 1967. See
802:
1827:
1395:
1383:
1153:
1057:
631:
392:
In 1882 the Argentine Geographic Institute decided to issue a general map and an
350:
346:
19:
1188:
834:
1936:
1702:
1696:
943:
868:
139:
135:
59:
999:
995:"Nuevo Mapa de la República Argentina". Oficina de Cartografía Argentina, 1914
983:
683:, officially sponsored for the purposes of the Argentine participation in the
502:
380:
1963:
1904:
1294:
1173:
1169:
864:
1567:
1359:
1049:
913:
893:
later (1943) Foreign Ministers of Argentina legitimated the modifications:
826:
605:
Other maps of Paz Soldán show the disputed islands as Chilean Territories:
518:
401:
314:
282:
The concordant Interpretation of the 1881 Boundary Treaty from 1881 to 1888
218:
1591:. Institut für Iberoamerika-Kunde, Hamburg, 1980, German Language, p. 13:
1442:
942:
This map, whose southern part is reproduced here, is included in Col. Sir
1732:
1683:
1157:
1140:
1085:
306:
214:
194:
1183:
412:
1265:
Historia general de las relaciones exteriores de la República Argentina
1103:
1024:
849:
of the Beagle channel. The Argentine survey corroborated the Argentine
790:
374:
1241:
more than 8 different border lines from the same text. Anyway, in his
786:
First Argentine official map with a different line of the border, 1898
759:
Map published in 1887 by the Argentine Bureau of Information in London
408:
General Map of the Argentine Republic and neighbouring countries, 1886
1232:
1195:
661:
636:
365:
198:
151:
1020:
Sheet Ushuaia from "Instituto Geográfico Militar de Argentina", 1967
301:
209:. While Chile and Argentina claimed territories on both side of the
1209:
957:
890:
854:
1132:
935:
931:
The southern regions of the Republics of Argentina and Chile, 1904
925:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina
487:
96:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina
1208:, showing the country's location within the continent and within
822:
385:
143:
799:
Preliminary Map of the Southern Region of the Argentine Republic
923:
The new name didn't prevail and disappeared into oblivion. The
850:
733:
173:
reviewed in-depth the cartography of the zone and stated that:
632:
Map of the Argentine Republic and neighbouring Countries, 1889
554:
The relevant sections of the maps are shown on the left side.
443:
360:
1012:", 1914, prepared by Pablo Ludwig. The complete map is under
393:
147:
1772:
1679:
1064:
tried to define the meridian 68° 43'W (through the Chilean
1042:
In the official Argentine map the geographic nomenclature "
510:
427:
At the bottom, right, the map bears the inscription in the
1048:" (South Atlantic Ocean) appears inserted to the south of
813:
721:
705:
and of the eastern coasts of Patagonia... (emphasis added)
1676:
Relaciones Chileno–Argentinas, La controversia del Beagle
1419:
Relaciones Chileno–Argentinas, La controversia del Beagle
845:
under the command of Captain Juan P. Saenz Valiente on a
797:
This partially reproduced map corresponds to that titled
717:
and of the eastern coast of Patagonia... (emphasis added)
158:
1467:
El reclamo boliviano y las relaciones argentino-chilenas
1589:
Der argentinisch-chilenisch Grenzstreit am Beagle-Kanal
1421:, Genf, Switzerland, 1979, English and Spanish Language
715:
islands on the Atlantic to the east of Tierra del Fuego
678:
L'Agriculture et l'Elevage dans la République Argentine
611:
Gobernación de la Tierra del Fuego y las Islas Malvinas
217:, although the Chilean settlement, and later city, of
1524:, Funtener.org Comunidad de Descargas, archived from
560:
Diccionario geográfico estadístico nacional argentino
1068:) as limit between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
821:
After the discovery of gold in Tierra del Fuego the
1463:
602:to discard his maps from the documentary evidence.
595:shows all disputed islands as Chilean territories.
400:, Arturo Seelstrang, who had already brought out a
288:
Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina
207:
Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina
164:
Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina
1729:Cuando Chile estuvo a escasos minutos de la guerra
1245:on 18 April 1977 the Court of Arbitration judged:
978:
229:Maps of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego before 1881
1717:, Ediciones de la Universidad de Magallanes, 1999
727:http://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_XXI/53-264.pdf
703:Atlantic islands to the south of Tierra del Fuego
650:
438:
381:Map of the "Instituto Geográfico Argentino", 1886
324:
1961:
1666:Historia de las Relaciones Exteriores Argentinas
1356:Historia de las Relaciones Exteriores Argentinas
1656:Report and Decision of the Court of Arbitration
1335:Report and Decision of the Court of Arbitration
488:Two maps of Argentina, Mariano Paz Soldán, 1888
1674:Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile:
1608:. Weltforum Verlag, München/Köln/London 1987,
1417:Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile,
1267:give a résumé of the Boundary Treaty of 1881:
1204:A map of South America appears on the back of
1146:Argentina en el Atlántico Chile en el Pacífico
769:The "Lajouane" versions of the Paz Soldán maps
753:Paz Soldán Map 1885, published by Carlos Beyer
695:îles de l'Atlantique au sud de la Terre de Feu
532:Mapa Orohidrográfico de la República Argentina
1758:
1271:
1224:and all islands south of the Beagle Channel.
1144:
1043:
1007:
903:
858:
691:
676:
668:
620:
609:
590:
584:
542:
530:
451:
115:
1803:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1566:, internet: danstopicals.com, archived from
1521:Colección de monedas, billetes y estampillas
953:Other Europeans maps showing the same zone:
1033:es:Instituto Geográfico Militar (Argentina)
1014:Nuevo mapa de la República Argentina (1914)
361:Official map of the Republic of Chile, 1883
1765:
1751:
1629:. Verlag Peter Lang, Frankfurt a.M. 1992,
1545:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1349:
1179:
879:used the Argentine name "Moat Channel" in
697:et des côtes orientales de la Patagonie...
122:
108:
1844:Patagonia west of the continental divide
1773:Territorial disputes involving Argentina
1517:
1430:
1345:
1343:
1231:
1163:
1131:
1071:
1023:
998:
982:
934:
812:
789:
720:
635:
501:
491:
442:
411:
384:
364:
328:
305:
142:in the 1830s, was one of the last to be
302:Map in "La Ilustración Argentina", 1881
1962:
1559:
1031:Rebuild of the sheet Ushuaia from the
544:Mapa general de la República Argentina
1746:
1439:Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata
1378:
1376:
1340:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1160:appears under Argentine sovereignty.
1080:(1976–1983) and based on concepts of
1985:Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina
1820:Disputes settled in the 20th century
1686:, 1979, English and Spanish Language
1431:Cicalese, Guillermo Gustavo (2009),
1290:Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute
1009:Nuevo Mapa de la República Argentina
1692:Peace and Friendship Treaty of 1984
1120:and the question of the use of the
927:mention (only) the Beagle channel.
808:
622:Mapa de Tierra del Fuego y Malvinas
453:Geografía de la República Argentina
13:
1373:
1350:Escudé, Carlos; Cisneros, Andrés,
1307:
1078:Proceso de Reorganización Nacional
905:Los derechos de Chile en el Beagle
14:
2001:
1721:
1707:Cartografía Magallánica 1523–1945
877:United States Hydrographic Office
193:There was no agreement about the
1637:, German Language, p. 106 :
1194:
1187:
948:British Arbitration in 1898–1902
831:"Instituto Geográfico Argentino"
803:British Arbitration in 1898–1902
670:Carte de la République Argentine
269:
257:
245:
233:
171:Beagle Channel Arbitration Court
1647:
1619:
1598:
1581:
1553:
1062:Hydrographic Conference in Oslo
979:Map of the Argentine Army, 1905
1511:
1502:
1424:
1411:
1401:
1388:
857:. They expanded the Moat-Bay (
709:instead of the original text:
685:Paris World Exhibition of 1889
651:The Argentine change of policy
439:Map of Francisco Latzina, 1888
325:Map of Francisco Latzina, 1882
188:
1:
1810:Southern Patagonian Ice Field
1668:, archived from the original
1458:y ponencias de los geógrafos.
1437:, Departamento de Geografía,
1300:
1052:and in the western region of
1006:Partial reproduction of the "
1921:Laguna del Desierto incident
1560:Walter, Klinefelter (1992),
1464:Newspaper editorial (2004),
1358:(in Spanish), archived from
1156:with the Chilean village of
973:Atlante Mondiale Hoepli 1899
7:
1990:History of Tierra del Fuego
1441:, Argentina, archived from
1283:
1227:
963:La grande Encyclopedie 1890
902:Rafael Santibañez Escobar,
402:map of the Republic in 1875
10:
2006:
1216:disappeared, included the
882:South America Pilot (1916)
843:ARA Almirante Brown (1880)
470:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
285:
66:Beagle Channel arbitration
34:Beagle Channel cartography
1878:
1819:
1778:
1737:Luciano Benjamín Menéndez
1272:
1145:
1116:The Beagle conflict, the
1044:
1008:
904:
859:
692:
677:
669:
621:
610:
591:
585:
543:
531:
515:Mariano Felipe Paz Soldán
452:
873:United States of America
44:Picton, Lennox and Nueva
1616:, German Language p. 96
1263:and Andrés Cisneros in
1180:Argentine Passport 2011
1082:territorial nationalism
517:, who sought refuge in
39:Boundary Treaty of 1881
1929:Sinking of Chian-der 3
1739:, in Spanish Language.
1671:, in Spanish Language.
1664:and Cisneros, Andrés,
1278:
1257:
1237:
1220:, the Chilean part of
1136:
1114:
1100:geographic determinism
1028:
1003:
987:
968:Stieler Handatlas 1891
958:Stieler Handatlas 1889
939:
910:
818:
794:
748:The refused maps are:
746:
729:
719:
707:
640:
521:during the disastrous
506:
496:
447:
416:
389:
369:
333:
310:
186:
1852:Encuentro-Alto Palena
1269:
1259:Argentine scientists
1247:
1235:
1164:Argentine stamp, 1983
1135:
1122:Rio de la Plata Basin
1096:
1072:Post arbitration maps
1066:Diego Ramírez Islands
1027:
1002:
986:
938:
895:
829:gave a speech at the
816:
793:
741:
724:
711:
689:
667:In 1889 appeared the
639:
505:
495:
484:Chilean sovereignty.
446:
415:
398:University of Córdoba
388:
368:
332:
309:
175:
1897:Corbeta Uruguay base
1868:Martín García Island
1789:Argentine Antarctica
1731:, Chilean newspaper
1445:on 16 September 2011
1045:OCÉANO ATLÁNTICO SUR
660:Island forth to the
586:Mapa Orohidrográfico
557:Soldán wrote in his
466:Julio Argentino Roca
319:Bernardo de Irigoyen
225:existed since 1843.
90:Argentine referendum
1889:Beagle channel maps
1860:Laguna del Desierto
1727:Special edition of
1604:Annegret I. Haffa:
1482:on 26 February 2013
1362:on 12 December 2010
1243:Report and Decision
1206:Argentine passports
847:hydrographic survey
626:(see full size map)
615:(see full size map)
548:(see full size map)
536:(see full size map)
458:Estanislao Zeballos
429:Library of Congress
211:1984 defined border
201:and archipelago of
78:Direct negotiations
72:Operation Soberanía
1699:, English Language
1496:rechazar el laudo.
1472:Mendoza, Argentina
1238:
1218:Strait of Magellan
1137:
1029:
1004:
988:
940:
819:
795:
730:
641:
523:War of the Pacific
507:
497:
448:
417:
390:
370:
334:
311:
223:Strait of Magellan
134:The region of the
1980:Magallanes Region
1957:
1956:
1913:Hope Bay incident
1587:Hernekamp, Karl,
1518:jhonatan (2010),
1214:Magallanes Region
1202:
1201:
1118:Falklands dispute
887:Segundo R. Storni
478:Lucio V. Mansilla
132:
131:
86: (1979–1984)
80: (1977–1978)
68: (1971–1977)
1997:
1950:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1900:
1892:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1796:Falkland Islands
1791:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1641:
1623:
1617:
1602:
1596:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1570:on 26 April 2012
1563:Falkland Islands
1557:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1528:on 14 March 2012
1515:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1478:, archived from
1453:
1452:
1450:
1428:
1422:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1347:
1338:
1330:
1275:
1255:
1222:Tierra del Fuego
1198:
1191:
1184:
1148:
1112:
1091:Manifest Destiny
1047:
1011:
908:
907:
862:
809:The Moat channel
699:
680:
672:
658:Tierra del Fuego
624:
613:
594:
588:
563:page 20 (1885):
546:
534:
474:Guillermo Rawson
455:
422:Francisco Moreno
273:
261:
249:
237:
203:Tierra del Fuego
184:
124:
117:
110:
16:
15:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1970:Beagle conflict
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1836:Puna de Atacama
1834:
1828:Beagle conflict
1826:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:Latent disputes
1774:
1771:
1724:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1625:Andrea Wagner:
1624:
1620:
1603:
1599:
1586:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1558:
1554:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1485:
1483:
1448:
1446:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1374:
1365:
1363:
1348:
1341:
1331:
1308:
1303:
1286:
1256:
1253:
1230:
1182:
1166:
1154:Navarino Island
1130:
1113:
1110:
1074:
1058:Hermite Islands
1022:
997:
981:
933:
918:Sowjet map 1967
909:
901:
839:"Punta Navarro"
811:
788:
778:The Pelliza map
700:
653:
634:
499:
490:
462:Bartolomé Mitre
441:
410:
383:
363:
327:
304:
290:
284:
277:
274:
265:
262:
253:
250:
241:
238:
191:
185:
182:
128:
84:Papal mediation
20:Beagle conflict
12:
11:
5:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1937:Snipe incident
1933:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1856:
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1840:
1832:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
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1806:
1799:
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1784:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1723:
1722:External links
1720:
1719:
1718:
1703:Mateo Martinic
1700:
1697:United Nations
1695:, Copy to the
1687:
1672:
1662:Escudé, Carlos
1659:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1618:
1597:
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944:Thomas Holdich
932:
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869:United Kingdom
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600:Arbitral Court
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140:Robert FitzRoy
138:, explored by
136:Beagle Channel
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60:Snipe incident
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1905:Falklands War
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1462:Also article
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1296:
1295:Falklands War
1293:
1291:
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1261:Carlos Escudé
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1211:
1207:
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1174:postage stamp
1171:
1170:Falklands War
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866:
865:Terra Nullius
861:
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852:
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17:
1945:
1888:
1706:
1691:
1689:Text of the
1675:
1655:
1648:Bibliography
1638:
1626:
1621:
1605:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1572:, retrieved
1568:the original
1562:
1555:
1530:, retrieved
1526:the original
1520:
1513:
1504:
1494:
1484:, retrieved
1480:the original
1466:
1456:
1447:, retrieved
1443:the original
1433:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1390:
1364:, retrieved
1360:the original
1355:
1334:
1279:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1203:
1167:
1151:
1138:
1115:
1097:
1089:
1075:
1050:Hoste Island
1041:
1037:
1030:
1005:
989:
952:
941:
922:
911:
896:
881:
838:
835:Cape San Pío
830:
827:Julio Popper
820:
798:
796:
777:
768:
758:
752:
747:
742:
738:
731:
714:
712:
708:
702:
694:
690:
674:
666:
654:
647:sovereignty
645:
642:
604:
597:
592:Mapa general
582:
576:
567:
558:
556:
553:
519:Buenos Aires
508:
498:
482:
449:
433:
426:
418:
391:
371:
335:
315:Buenos Aires
312:
297:
294:
291:
219:Punta Arenas
192:
176:
168:
156:
133:
92: (1984)
74: (1978)
62: (1958)
33:
1975:1984 in law
1899:(1976–1982)
1891:(1898–1984)
1733:El Mercurio
1684:Switzerland
1486:26 February
1449:10 December
1366:10 December
1158:Puerto Toro
1141:Isaac Rojas
1086:geopolitics
1076:During the
871:and to the
837:but at the
825:adventurer
673:as part of
513:geographer
215:Res nullius
205:before the
195:sovereignty
189:Before 1881
1964:Categories
1574:9 December
1532:9 December
1408:Beagle,...
1301:References
1168:After the
1104:militarism
860:Bahía Moat
375:Cape Hoorn
286:See also:
26:Background
1946:Soberanía
1880:Incidents
1476:Los Andes
1172:, on the
1054:Wollaston
662:Antarctic
199:Patagonia
152:Argentina
144:colonized
1541:citation
1284:See also
1252:—
1228:Analysis
1210:Mercosur
1109:—
900:—
891:Leutnant
855:Toponymy
823:Romanian
541:(below)
529:(above)
511:Peruvian
181:—
889:, then
573:(trns.)
355:Italian
343:English
339:Spanish
221:at the
157:In the
1949:(1978)
1939:(1958)
1931:(1986)
1923:(1965)
1915:(1952)
1907:(1982)
1870:(1973)
1862:(1994)
1854:(1966)
1846:(1902)
1838:(1904)
1830:(1984)
1713:
1633:
1612:
914:soviet
851:thesis
734:London
351:French
347:German
52:Events
875:(the
509:The
394:atlas
197:over
148:Chile
1711:ISBN
1680:Genf
1631:ISBN
1610:ISBN
1576:2011
1547:link
1534:2011
1488:2013
1451:2011
1396:here
1384:here
1368:2012
1254:§148
1084:and
1056:and
763:here
583:The
476:and
353:and
183:§163
169:The
159:maps
150:and
617:and
538:and
146:by
1966::
1709:,
1705:,
1682:,
1678:.
1543:}}
1539:{{
1491::
1474::
1470:,
1375:^
1354:,
1342:^
1309:^
1102:,
1094::
920:.
912:A
480:.
472:,
468:,
464:,
460:,
431:.
349:,
345:,
341:,
1766:e
1759:t
1752:v
1595:.
1549:)
765:.
550:.
123:e
116:t
109:v
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