567:(the lower house of the Irish legislature) that 182 applicants to the Turf Cutting Cessation Scheme for Bellanagare Bog were regularly receiving annual payments and that 10 applicants who regularly received annual payments had applied for relocation. Data on the Cessation of Turf Cutting Compensation Scheme Statistics for SACs dataset, updated to 2021, indicates that there were 228 applications for the compensation scheme for Bellanagare Bog, of which 21 applicants requested relocation. There were 152 legal agreement payments recorded, turf deliveries were made to 12 applicants in year 6 of the scheme, 161 applicants received payment in year 6 of the scheme and 106 applicants received payments in year 7 of the scheme. An investigation into peat-cutting on SAC sites carried out in 2022 showed that cutting was being carried out at the active raised bog at Bellanagare Bog SAC between 2012 and 2021, with 13 plots cut in 2012, increasing to 40 plots in 2017 and decreasing to 11 plots cut in 2021.
494:
expected to be restorable by drain blocking (a standard method of rewetting and restoring bogland). With the 49.6 hectares of active raised bog, this allows for a target potential active raised bog area of 123.4 hectares. A further 15.7 hectares of bog-forming habitat is estimated to be restorable from the cutover area of the bog, giving a final target of 139.1 hectares. The conservation of the site should also include restoration of the habitat distribution, including the central and subcentral ecotope, active flush and the soak system. The area of high bog at the site should be maintained at 879.1 hectares or to an area required for development and maintenance of the active raised bog.
498:
habitats. The restoration of these transitional areas between the high bog and adjacent mineral soils is a further conservation objective. Regarding restoration of the quality of vegetation at the
Bellanagare site, 69.6 hectares of the central ecotope, active flush, soaks and bog woodland should be restored so that at least 50% of the active raised bog habitat is of high quality. The presence of active flush, indicating high quality active raised bog, should be maintained. This site includes active flush: the mid-eastern aspect of the bog includes a flush which consists of an infilling lake or soak, with 76-90% Sphagnum cover.
592:). In 2024, a legal case was taken against An Bórd Pleanála regarding a plan to install a 21 light floodlighting development at a local school 3 kilometres away from the SPA/SAC. The judgment ruled that the assessment that the development would not impact the geese (which were typically not using that site at the time of judgment) did not sit well with the terms of the SPA conservation objectives and that any development should consider protected species currently at the site but should also not adversely affect the potential future return of the species to the site.
40:
303:”For a raised bog, Bellanagare Bog is floristically unusual, supporting species typically found on raised bogs as well as species more usually found on blanket bogs. Bellanagare Bog is of considerable scientific and conservation significance, in particular for its status as an intermediate raised bog, but also for the wide variety of flush types found, as well as for its large size and for the presence of scarce plant species. Raised bogs are rare and threatened in Europe, and are listed as a priority habitat on Annex I of the E.U.
603:"the Board failed to properly apply the relevant provisions of Article 6(3) in not carrying out any or any proper or sufficient screening for appropriate assessment, in spite of the expression of reasonable scientific doubt of the possible impact of the development on the neighbouring Bellanagare Bog SPA, on the restoration of favourable conservative status there for the geese. The Board failed to consider and address whether the development may influence any potential future return of the geese to the Bellanagare Bog SPA."
542:
1999, and this came to an end in 2008, as damage to the selected areas was ongoing at a rate of 2-4% per annum. At the time, these were candidate SACs rather than fully designated SACs. A scheme to compensate those affected by the cessation of peat-cutting at this and other SAC and
Natural Heritage Area (NHA) sites was implemented, initially including SAC sites but extended in 2014 to include NHA sites. This scheme included options for people with turf-cutting rights on these sites which included:
462:
SPA, it was a habitat for an internationally significant flock of
Greenland White-Fronted Geese. However, this flock had changed grazing site in recent years from the peatlands of this site to grazing at intensively managed grassland instead. The cause for the change in site is not noted. The NPWS conservation objective for this species at Bellanagare Bog SPA is to "maintain or restore the favourable conservation condition of the bird species listed as Special Conservation Interests for this SPA".
47:
1044:
841:
199:, in the townlands of Arraghan, Brackloon (Electoral District (E.D) Baslick), Cloonfinglas, Cloonsheever, Cornamucklagh and Falmore, Derreen (E.D. Bellanagare), Knockroe (E.D. Bellanagare), Leggatinty, Leitrim (E.D. Fairymount), Lugakeeran, Mullen and Tully (E.D. Baslick). Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 1203.73 hectares.
1036:
833:
1462: (High Court, Ireland 27 May 2024) ("“It is the failure to properly consider the reasonable scientific doubt that a reasonable expert ’s evidence based concerns have raised and the lack of scientific evidence before the Board to facilitate consideration of the positive restoration obligation of the conservation objectives of the Bellanagare Bog SPA”"),
446:, Ireland has designated over 597,000 hectares of land as Special Protection Areas to protect listed rare and vulnerable species, regularly occurring migratory species and wetlands (especially those of international importance). As well as being an SAC, Bellanagare Bog has Special Protection Area status, under the qualifying interest of:
493:
The conservation objective for the habitat area is to restore the area of active raised bog from the area mapped in 2014 (49.6 hectares) to a target area of 139.1 hectares, subject to natural processes. Of the area of degraded raised bog mapped in 2014 (105.4 hectares), approximately 73.8 hectares is
541:
The NPWS site synopsis notes that water loss is a threat for this site, with two primary causes: a considerable drain network to the northern half of the bog, and the occurrence of active peat-cutting across the site. A derogation on peat-cutting had been granted for this and other peatland sites in
339:
The degraded raised bog habitat consists of high bog where peat cutting, drainage and other land use activities have had a negative impact, but which retain the potential to regenerate. This habitat type is the predominant habitat in the high bog at
Bellanagare. It is typically drier than the active
233:
and the Irish regulations which implement this
Directive (European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 477 of 2011), Ireland is required to designate a range of habitats as SACs to protect them. Ireland has designated an area of approximately 13,500 km as SACs to
562:
In 2012, the
Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, noted in a Dáil debate that "In County Roscommon, 97 applications for compensation have been received relating to Bellanagare Bog and 9 applicants have received payment to date". In December 2019, the Minister for Culture, Heritage and the
461:
This species, a subspecies of the greater white-fronted goose, is a winter visitor to
Ireland. It is one of the rarest geese in Europe and has Amber conservation status in Ireland and the United Kingdom. The Site Synopsis for the Bellanagare Bog SPA notes that the when the site was designated as an
265:
The
Bellanagare Bog site is described as a western raised bog raised bog as it includes the features of both raised bog and blanket bog. Alternative names for this habitat type are transitional raised bog or intermediate raised bog. The underlying geology is muddy Carboniferous limestone. This has
489:
habitat is to restore the favourable conservation condition of Active raised bogs in
Bellanagare Bog. The conservation status for the degraded raised bog and Rhynchosporion vegetation components of the site is regarded as linked to that of the raised bog component, and thus separate conservation
316:
Of the three habitats which qualify the site for SAC status, the active bog priority habitat consists of high bog which is wet and actively peat-forming. There is a high proportion of cover by bog mosses or
Sphagnum spp. Some typical features of active raised bogs occur here, including hummocks,
287:) flush with a high diversity of plant species, a large swallow-hole flush, and flushes associated with springs, rises and streams. One flush is coincident with a bog burst. The site also includes much cut-away bog, small areas of heath, scrub, wet grassland and several small conifer plantations.
274:
found at the site is notable. A flush is the wetland habitat associated with a seepage, and a seepage is where groundwater emerges at the ground surface across a diffuse area, typically forming a permanently wet area on a slope. These flushes, usually located in depressions, are plentiful at the
269:
Bellanagare Bog is situated in an upland area. Several streams rise within the bounds of the site, including the Frances River. The bog has an undulating surface. The peat is to be found on ridges, separated by flushes. It is noted in the site synopsis for Bellanagare Bog SAC that the range of
497:
According to the conservation objectives, seasonal fluctuations in water levels at the bog should not exceed 20 cm, and should be 10 cm below the bog surface. Due to previous drainage and peat-cutting activity, the margins of the active raised bog no longer contain natural marginal
558:
Those who opted for the Bog Relocation Scheme could avail of an interim arrangement, while awaiting the investigation and preparation of alternative peat-cutting sites, to receive the Annual Payment Scheme, or to receive an annual supply of 15 tonnes of cut turf delivered to their homes.
246:. Statutory Instrument No. 763 of 2021, establishing the site as an SAC (Site code: 000592), was passed in 2021. The three features which qualify this site for an SAC designation are the presence of specific protected habitat types. These three habitats are:
238:(NPWS) is to designate and advise on such SACs and other protected sites. Details of the Bellanagare Bog SAC can be found on their website. The Bellanagare Bog site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance in May 1998, and was designated as a
317:
pools, wet flats, Sphagnum lawns, flushes and/or soaks. Indicator species of midland raised bogs such as are present, though they are not as common as in raised bogs further east in the country. Species occurring at this raised bog habitat such as
575:
A further threat to the site is the risk of fires, as this is described as quite a dry bog. The Bellanagare Bog SAC Restoration Plan proposes the development of a fire prevention and control plan, in conjunction with local stakeholders.
299:), a bird species which is red-listed under the Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland review, is noted at this site. The NPWS site synopsis for Bellanagare Bog SAC describes the ecological value and significance of the site thus:
1404:
1463:
210:. There does not appear to be a townland of that specific name in the area, but there is a townland called Tully at the south-east of the site. The name of the general area is Bellanagare Bog in English or in
392:
The third SAC qualifying habitat at the Bellanagare Bog site – Rhynchosporion vegetation – is to be found in wet depressions, pool edges and erosion channels. This vegetation includes species such as
546:
Annual Payment Scheme (A payment of €1,500 per annum (index linked) for 15 years together with a once-off incentive payment of €500) further to the signing of a legal agreement with the Minister.
505:. In line with the site-specific conservation objectives and with best practice in restoration of such habitats, the measures to be taken to restore and manage this raised bog habitat include:
1119:
1152:
1526:
618:
179:(priority habitat), the presence of degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration, and the presence of depressions on peat substrates of Rhynchosporion vegetation.
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1284:
1396:
1531:
1344:
1080:
623:
1314:
1461:
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To date, there has been limited progress in achieving these measures, but in the 2023 NPWS restoration plan, it is noted that preparatory measures are in hand.
1188:
1254:
778:
911:
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Bog Relocation Scheme (where feasible, qualifying applicants will be facilitated in relocating to non-designated sites to continue turf cutting)
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482:
466:
235:
129:
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conservation objectives for the Bellanagare Bog SAC are available from the NPWS website. The primary conservation objective for the active
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937:
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86:
39:
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Mackin, Francis; Barr, Alan; Rath, Patrick; Eakin, Maurice; Ryan, Jim; Jeffrey, Rebecca; Fernandez Valverdez, Fernando (2017).
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175:. The qualifying interests by which it is protected as an SAC are the presence of three habitat types: the presence of active
1306:
984:
905:
656:
691:
871:
721:"S.I. No. 763/2021 - European Union Habitats (Bellanagare Bog Special Area of Conservation 000592) Regulations 2021"
1177:
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There are several monuments recorded in the vicinity of the SAC, including ringforts, souterrains and enclosures.
1536:
767:
811:
1499:
585:
450:
1501:
Counties Longford & Roscommon Wetland Study. Report prepared for Longford and Roscommon County Councils
1151:(Report). National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland.
894:
152:
1397:"High Court: An Bord Pleanála failed to properly consider floodlighting impact on restoration objectives"
74:
1480:
384:. The cover of bog mosses is relatively low in areas of degraded bog and there are few wet pool areas.
256:
Rhynchosporion vegetation/Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion (Natura 2000 code 7150).
1489:
1366:
291:
Several tracks run through the site. A large amount of the bog is in state ownership. A population of
1495:
National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, Ireland.
1178:"Press Release. Gormley confirms end of derogation allowing turf-cutting on limited number of bogs"
1006:
340:
bog habitat, and does not include many pools. The plant species occurring in this habitat include
1485:
National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and Gaeltacht, Dublin, Ireland.
381:
1507:
1213:
202:
The Irish name of the Bellanagare Bog SAC is given in the Statutory Instrument for the site as
473:
or pNHA. Other pNHA sites in the area include Cloonshanville Bog, Lough Gara and Lough Glinn.
470:
407:
365:
327:
720:
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8:
1307:"Turf Cutting Compensation Scheme Data. Dáil Éireann Debate, Wednesday - 4 December 2019"
318:
172:
596:
402:
357:
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901:
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280:
331:, but in fewer numbers in this western bog than is typical in midlands raised bogs.
393:
271:
196:
168:
63:
1146:
Best practice in raised bog restoration in Ireland. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 99
253:
Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration (Natura 2000 code 7120)
1482:
Raised bog monitoring and assessment survey 2013. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 81.
1479:
Fernandez, F., Connolly K., Crowley W., Denyer J., Duff K. & Smith G. (2014)
976:
648:
443:
599:
and the conservation objectives of the SPA, it was concluded by the judge that:
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low permeability. The subsoil under the bog is primarily clayey limestone till.
234:
date, including land, lakes and marine habitats. One of the roles of the Irish
211:
203:
142:
1214:"Special Areas of Conservation. Dáil Éireann Debate, Thursday - 17 April 2008"
683:
1546:
1520:
1367:"Peat was cut at 280 plots in protected bogs last year without State consent"
427:
373:
101:
88:
1343:. Open Data Unit, Department of Public Expenditure NDP Delivery and Reform.
1277:"Turbary Rights. Dáil Éireann debate -Tuesday, 31 Jan 2012. Vol. 753 No. 2"
613:
863:
239:
188:
160:
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A restoration plan for Bellanagare Bog SAC was published in 2023 by the
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The Bellanagare Bog Site is a Special Protection Area (or SPA) for the
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292:
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900:(Report). Johnstown Castle, Ireland: Environmental Protection Agency.
192:
164:
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Irish Wetland Types. An Identification Guide and Field Survey Manual
803:
208:
Limistéir faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta (LCS) Phortach Bhaile an Turlaigh
1491:
The habitats of cutover raised bog. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 128
1337:"Cessation of Turf Cutting Compensation Scheme Statistics for SACs"
437:
509:
Drain blocking (includes drains on both high bog and the margins)
349:
279:
Flush types on the site include an in-filling lake, an extensive
619:
List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland
892:
415:
406:). This habitat should also include plant species including
250:
Active raised bogs (Natura 2000 code 7110; priority habitat)
624:
List of Special Protection Areas in the Republic of Ireland
469:(NPWS) has included the Bellanagare Bog site as a proposed
936:
Gilbert, Gillian; Stanbury, Andrew; Lewis, Lesley (2021).
1064:
1062:
1527:
Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland
1118:(Report). National Parks & Wildlife Service. 2023.
938:"Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland 4: 2020–2026"
490:
objectives for these two components have not been set.
187:
The Bellanagare Bog SAC is located near the village of
1498:
Foss, P.J., Crushell, P. & Gallagher, M.C. (2017)
1059:
1509:
Conservation and Management of Raised Bogs in Ireland
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Special Protection Areas in the Republic of Ireland
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1007:"Birdwatch Ireland: Greenland White-fronted Goose"
715:
713:
711:
709:
1518:
1329:
1299:
1269:
438:Other Protected Sites status for Bellanagare Bog
706:
1187:. Irish Peatland Conservation Council (IPCC).
595:In this case, referencing Article 6(3) of the
1137:
387:
16:Ecological site in County Roscommon, Ireland
1457:‘’Dark Sky Roscommon -v- An Bord Pleanála’’
1113:NPWS Bellanagare Bog Conservation Plan 2023
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834:"Historic Environment Viewer. Bellanagare"
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1079:. National Parks & Wildlife Service.
1070:"Bellanagare Bog Conservation Objectives"
983:. National Parks & Wildlife Service.
870:. National Parks & Wildlife Service.
655:. National Parks & Wildlife Service.
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893:Irish Ramsar Wetlands Committee (2018).
826:
1513:14th International Peat Congress, 1998.
1427:"Dark Sky Roscommon v an Bord Pleanála"
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1253:. National Parks and Wildlife Service.
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521:Inoculation with Sphagnum species, and
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1488:Smith, G.F. & Crowley, W. (2020)
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999:
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864:"NPWS Special Areas of Conservation"
768:"NPWS Bellanagare Bog Site Synopsis"
671:
579:
311:
224:
1542:Protected areas of County Roscommon
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636:
524:Bunding on high bog or cutover bog.
503:National Parks and Wildlife Service
483:National Parks and Wildlife Service
467:National Parks and Wildlife Service
260:
236:National Parks and Wildlife Service
159:site based close to the village of
130:National Parks and Wildlife Service
13:
1247:"Turf Cutting Compensation Scheme"
1158:from the original on 21 March 2023
512:Removal of forestry/tree clearance
14:
1563:
1437:from the original on 23 June 2024
1407:from the original on 23 June 2024
1403:. Irish Legal News. 29 May 2024.
1377:from the original on 23 June 2024
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1317:from the original on 23 June 2024
1287:from the original on 23 June 2024
1257:from the original on 23 June 2024
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1194:from the original on 23 June 2024
1125:from the original on 20 June 2024
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1017:from the original on 23 June 2024
987:from the original on 17 June 2024
952:from the original on 19 June 2023
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814:from the original on 24 June 2024
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731:from the original on 17 June 2024
694:from the original on 17 June 2024
659:from the original on 17 June 2024
1373:. The Journal. 13 January 2022.
917:from the original on 16 May 2022
518:High bog excavation/re-profiling
121:1,203.73 ha (2,974.5 acres)
45:
38:
1552:Bogs of the Republic of Ireland
1:
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804:"Logainm: Béal Átha na gCarr"
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586:Greenland White-fronted Goose
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515:Installation of marginal dams
451:Greenland white-fronted goose
1313:. Houses of the Oireachtas.
1283:. Houses of the Oireachtas.
1220:. Houses of the Oireachtas.
838:heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com
590:Anser albifrons flavirostris
455:Anser albifrons flavirostris
153:Special Area of Conservation
7:
684:"EUNIS-Bellanagare Bog SAC"
607:
400:) and/or brown beak-sedge (
216:Portach Bhéal Átha na gCarr
182:
75:Castlerea, County Roscommon
10:
1568:
1037:"NPWS Designations Viewer"
297:Lagopus lagopus hibernicus
388:Rhynchosporion vegetation
229:Under the European Union
148:Portach Baile an Turlaigh
125:
117:
80:
70:
59:
33:
29:Portach Baile an Turlaigh
28:
23:
362:Eriophorum angustifolium
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477:Conservation objectives
242:site in 2003 under the
1537:Natura 2000 in Ireland
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309:
289:
215:
207:
146:
1506:Catherine O'Connell:
977:"Bellanagare Bog SPA"
649:"Bellanagare Bog SAC"
601:
471:Natural Heritage Area
412:Narthecium ossifragum
370:Narthecium ossifragum
328:Sphagnum magellanicum
301:
277:
1041:dahg.maps.arcgis.com
725:irishstatutebook.ie/
532:Conservation threats
102:53.82750°N 8.43500°W
1011:birdwatchireland.ie
688:eunis.eea.europa.eu
563:Gaeltacht noted in
335:Degraded raised bog
325:) and the bog moss
323:Andromeda polifolia
126:Governing body
98: /
597:Habitats Directive
424:Scirpus cespitosus
422:spp.), Deergrass (
403:Rhynchospora fusca
358:Common Cottongrass
342:Cross-leaved Heath
305:Habitats Directive
244:Habitats Directive
231:Habitats Directive
107:53.82750; -8.43500
1466:from the original
907:978-1-84095-740-2
580:Protected Species
398:Rhynchospora alba
312:Active raised bog
281:Purple Moor-grass
225:SAC qualification
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71:Nearest city
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354:Calluna vulgaris
285:Molinia caerulea
261:Site description
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169:County Roscommon
163:and the town of
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1439:. Retrieved
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652:
614:List of bogs
602:
594:
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583:
574:
565:Dáil Éireann
561:
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1431:ie.vlex.com
1371:data.gov.ie
1341:data.gov.ie
1051:16 February
942:Irish Birds
240:Natura 2000
191:, close to
189:Bellanagare
161:Bellanagare
157:Natura 2000
105: /
81:Coordinates
1521:Categories
1474:Literature
808:logainm.ie
630:References
537:Water loss
487:raised bog
442:Under the
293:Red Grouse
177:raised bog
90:53°49′39″N
382:Deergrass
193:Castlerea
165:Castlerea
66:, Ireland
1464:archived
1435:Archived
1433:. VLex.
1405:Archived
1375:Archived
1345:Archived
1315:Archived
1285:Archived
1255:Archived
1222:Archived
1189:Archived
1153:Archived
1120:Archived
1081:Archived
1045:Archived
1015:Archived
985:Archived
950:Archived
948:: 1–22.
912:Archived
872:Archived
842:Archived
812:Archived
779:Archived
729:Archived
692:Archived
657:Archived
608:See also
183:Location
93:8°26′6″W
60:Location
1441:23 June
1411:23 June
1381:23 June
1351:23 June
1321:23 June
1291:23 June
1261:23 June
1251:npws.ie
1228:23 June
1198:23 June
1185:ipcc.ie
1162:22 June
1129:20 June
1090:20 June
1077:npws.ie
1021:23 June
991:17 June
981:npws.ie
956:23 June
921:23 June
878:20 June
868:npws.ie
848:24 June
818:24 June
788:17 June
775:npws.ie
735:17 June
698:17 June
663:17 June
653:npws.ie
420:Drosera
350:Heather
272:flushes
173:Ireland
1460:,
904:
426:) and
416:sundew
380:) and
275:site.
1192:(PDF)
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212:Irish
204:Irish
143:Irish
1547:Bogs
1443:2024
1413:2024
1383:2024
1353:2024
1323:2024
1293:2024
1263:2024
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1200:2024
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1092:2024
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993:2024
958:2024
923:2024
902:ISBN
880:2024
850:2024
820:2024
790:2024
737:2024
700:2024
665:2024
571:Fire
481:The
465:The
137:The
118:Area
550:Or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
